WO2010081424A1 - 驱动装置 - Google Patents

驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010081424A1
WO2010081424A1 PCT/CN2010/070205 CN2010070205W WO2010081424A1 WO 2010081424 A1 WO2010081424 A1 WO 2010081424A1 CN 2010070205 W CN2010070205 W CN 2010070205W WO 2010081424 A1 WO2010081424 A1 WO 2010081424A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rocker
shaft
support
cam
working surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/070205
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨鲁川
Original Assignee
Yang Luchuan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yang Luchuan filed Critical Yang Luchuan
Publication of WO2010081424A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010081424A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F01L13/0026—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drive device, and more particularly to a drive device for opening and closing an intake and exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. Background technique
  • a rocker for forcibly controlling a valve actuator is disclosed in the European patent EP 1 672 183 A1. Wherein one end of the rocker is coupled to an adjustment device, a portion of the adjustment device can extend outwardly to adjust the position of the end of the rocker.
  • a rocker roller is provided in the middle of the rocker, and the shaft of the roller is connected to the support shaft of the roller coated on the outer circumference of the cam by a connecting member.
  • this forced control device is limited in the adjustment of the opening stroke of the valve, that is, the stroke of the valve cannot be greatly adjusted. At the same time, such a device cannot adjust the opening phase of the valve.
  • An apparatus for controlling an intake and exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 5-98913. It includes a rocker with one end connected to one end of the intake and exhaust valve ram and the other end connected to the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder. There is also a roller in the middle of the rocker.
  • the disadvantage of such a device is that its adjustment of the stroke of the intake and exhaust valve can only be achieved by a change in the radius of curvature of each point on the outer circumferential surface of the cam, thereby causing a limitation in the adjustment range.
  • a driving apparatus includes a cam, a cam driven rocker, and an actuating mechanism for adjusting the position of the rocker.
  • the actuating mechanism includes at least one connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is supported on the eccentric shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is hingedly connected with one end of the rocking rod through the second supporting shaft; the guiding support member, the rocker and the The end of the articulated connection of the link is movably supported on the guide support.
  • the rocker is supported on the second support shaft, and the upper working surface abuts against the working surface of the cam, and the lower working surface of the rocker is supported on the guiding surface of the guiding support.
  • the rocker according to the present invention further includes a first roller that cooperates with the cam and a second roller that cooperates with the guide support, the first roller is rotatably supported on the first support shaft, and the second roller is rotatably Supported on the second support shaft.
  • One end of the connecting rod is provided with a sleeve, and the eccentric shaft is rotatably disposed in the sleeve; the other end of the connecting rod is provided with a shaft hole for accommodating the second supporting shaft, and the second supporting shaft is rotatably supported by the shaft hole in.
  • the drive device preferably comprises two connecting rods, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the rocker and are connected to each other in synchronism by the eccentric shaft and the second support shaft.
  • the upper working surface and the lower working surface of the rocker are respectively located on opposite sides of the rocker; the middle of the rocker is provided with a supporting hole for accommodating the first supporting shaft; the upper working surface and the supporting hole Oppositely disposed on an edge of the side of the rocker, the lower working surface is disposed opposite the shaft hole of the end of the rocker at the end of the rocker.
  • One side of the guiding support is provided with a guiding surface, and the guiding surface is a curved concave curved surface. Since the driving device according to the present invention increases the adjustment of the opening degree stroke of the cylinder intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine by the actuating mechanism, the adjustment of the intake and exhaust valve stroke is compared with the prior art driving device without the actuating mechanism. Bigger. In addition, due to the working mode of the end of the rocker through the working surface or the roller and the guiding surface on the guiding support, the opening and opening strokes of the intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine can be accurately and greatly adjusted. controllable.
  • the guiding surface of the guiding support is a curved surface, and the opening and closing degrees of the intake and exhaust valves can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting and setting the radius of curvature of each point on the curved surface. It is not possible with the prior art.
  • the sliding friction in the actuating mechanism is converted to rolling, the advantages and effects of which are very apparent.
  • Rolling friction makes the movement of the entire drive more flexible and smooth, thus improving the operational reliability and stability of the device. At the same time, energy consumption is also reduced.
  • the drive device employs an actuating mechanism which has three types during operation Status, ie center, pre- and post-state.
  • the so-called neutral state is when the cam is rotated to the point where its cam lift is highest, which is exactly aligned with the highest point of the upper working surface on the rocker in the vertical direction.
  • the so-called post state is that the position where the above two points are aligned is shifted to the left with respect to the vertical line. That is to say, if the cam rotates in the clockwise direction, the above two points meet when the rotation angle exceeds 180°. Otherwise, it is in the pre-position state.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a driving device according to the present invention in a neutral working state
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a driving device according to the present invention in a rear working state
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a driving device according to the present invention in a front working state
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a centrally placed operation state of another embodiment of the driving apparatus according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a driving device according to the invention.
  • a drive device is used in particular for driving the movement of a cylinder valve stem of an internal combustion engine.
  • the driving device has a cam 1 and the cam 1 is mounted on Driven on the shaft 13.
  • the drive shaft 13 is driven by other power units to drive the cam 1 to rotate.
  • Working with the cam 1 is a rocker 3.
  • the rocker 3 is a strip-shaped plate member.
  • the rocker 3 extends relatively long in the horizontal direction in the drawing and is narrow in the vertical direction.
  • a shaft hole 17 is provided at one end of the rocker 3, as shown.
  • an upper working curved surface 12 of the rocker 3 is provided on the upper edge of the rocker 3; a lower working curved surface 6 of the rocker 3 is provided opposite the shaft hole 17 at the right end of the rocker 3.
  • the radius of curvature of the upper and lower working surfaces 12, 6 is varied according to the stroke of the working surface of the cam 1 and the guiding surface of the guiding support 8 according to the stroke of the cylinder rod of the internal combustion engine to be controlled.
  • the rocker 3 abuts against the end of the cylinder valve stem 19 of the internal combustion engine at the left end of the figure, and the lower working surface 6 of the rocker 3 is pressed against the guide surface 7 of the guide support 8, and the rocker The upper working surface 12 of 3 abuts against the outer circumferential surface of the cam 1.
  • the rocker 3 is supported on the second support shaft 5 in the direction of the pressing cam 1 by the spring force of the spring for resetting the intake and exhaust valves. Thereby, the cam 1 and the rocker 3 are pressed against each other in any case and the driving force is transmitted, that is, when the cam 1 is rotated, the rocker 3 follows the rotation of the cam 1 by the upper working curved surface 12 on the rocker 3. Turn.
  • the rocker 3 has a thickness to satisfy the strength required to transmit the power applied by the cam 1.
  • the upper working surface 12 on the rocker 3, the lower working surface 3, and the end that cooperates with the cylinder stem 19 of the internal combustion engine are all provided with the strength and stiffness necessary to transmit the required power.
  • the driving apparatus further includes an actuating mechanism generally indicated by reference numeral 2.
  • the actuating mechanism 2 mainly comprises a connecting rod 4, an eccentric shaft 9 and a guiding support member 8.
  • the link 4 has a sleeve 10 at the left end in the figure.
  • the eccentric shaft 9 is rotatably supported in the sleeve 10.
  • the other end of the link 4, that is, the right end as shown, is provided with a shaft hole 17.
  • the second support shaft 5 is rotatably supported in the shaft hole 17, while the rocker 3 is also supported on the second support shaft 5.
  • the link 4 drives the rocker 3 to move via the second support shaft 5, and finally the rocker 3 reciprocates in the left-right direction or the horizontal direction shown in the drawing. motion.
  • the guide support member 8 is a separate component, although the component may also be part of the edge of the associated cylinder. It suffices to provide support for the right end portion of the rocker 3.
  • the guide surface 7 is recessed toward the downward direction shown in the inside of the guide member 8, thereby forming a concave working surface.
  • the concave working surface can be, for example, a simple cylindrical surface, or a complicated curved surface having different curvature radii at each point.
  • the specific shape of the guide surface 7 is determined by the stroke of the cylinder stem 19 of the internal combustion engine to be controlled.
  • the eccentric shaft 19 rotates about the axis of revolution 11 during operation.
  • the eccentric shaft 9 is rotated to a position where the rocker 3 is just below the cam 1.
  • the highest point (A) of the upper working surface 12 on the rocker 3 is exactly opposite to the point at which the radius of gyration of the outer circumferential surface of the cam 1 is the smallest. What is represented at this time is a central working state.
  • Figures 2 and 3 also show this proportional relationship, respectively, and in the case where the drive unit is in a different working position. Since the working principle is the same as that described for the case shown in Fig. 1, the description will not be repeated hereafter.
  • Fig. 2 shows a state in which the right end portion of the rocker 3 reaches the rightmost working position shown in Fig. 2 after the eccentric shaft 9 is rotated by an angle about its rotation axis 11.
  • a point on the lower working surface 6 of the rocker 3 reaches the rightmost end of the rocker 3 in the left and right direction of the drawing, that is, point B shown in FIG.
  • This is also the work at the rightmost end of the guide surface 7 on the guide support 8.
  • the state at this time is the pre-position state.
  • the upper working surface 12 of the rocker 3 also moves to the right as the rocker 3 starts.
  • the point B at which the upper working curved surface 12 of the rocker 3 and the outer circumferential surface of the cam 1 contact each other is moved to the right side with respect to the axial line of the drive shaft 13 of the drive cam 1, that is, the drive shaft 13 in FIG. The right side of the axis.
  • the center, front and rear states according to the present invention are all adjustments to the point in time at which the cylinder intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine are started to open, i.e., in different states, the intake and exhaust valves will be opened at different points in time.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • the rocker 3 is not in contact with and cooperates with the guide faces 7 of the cam 1 and the guide support 8 by the upper and lower working surfaces 12, 6, respectively.
  • the first roller 15 is provided on the first support shaft 14, and the second roller 16 is provided on the second support shaft 5.
  • the first roller 15 and the second roller 16 are coupled to the rocker 3 via the first support shaft 14 and the second support shaft 5, respectively, so that the two rollers 15, 16 can move with the rocker 3.
  • the first roller 15 and the second roller 16 rotatably support the corresponding first support shaft 14 and second support shaft 5, respectively.
  • the sliding friction between the rocker 3 and the cam 1 and the guide support 8 becomes rolling friction. This will significantly reduce the frictional loss inside the driving device according to the present invention, making the movement of each component smoother and smoother, and making the adjustment of the opening and closing degree of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine more precise.
  • the working surfaces of these rollers are also required to have the necessary hardness and strength.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种驱动装置，特别是一种用于内燃机进排气阀开启关闭的 驱动装置。 背景技术
欧洲专利 EP 1 672 183 A1公开了一种用于强制控制阀动装置的摇杆。 其中， 摇杆的一端与一个调整装置相连接， 该调整装置的一部分可以向外伸 出从而调整摇杆的这个端部的位置。 在摇杆的中部设有一个摇杆滚轮， 该滚 轮的轴通过一个连接件与包覆在凸轮外圓周上的滚轮的支承轴相连接。但是 这种强制控制装置对于阀门的开启行程的调整是受到限制的，即不能大幅度 的调整阀的行程。 同时， 这种装置也不能对阀的开启相位进行调整。
日本特开平 5 - 98913中公开了一种用于控制内燃机进排气阀的装置。 其中包括一根摇杆， 摇杆的一端与进排气阀顶杆的一端相连， 而另一端与一 个液压作用缸的活塞杆连接。 摇杆的中部也设有一个滚轮。 这种装置的不足 在于其对进排气阀行程的调节只能通过凸轮外圓周表面上各点的曲率半径 的变化实现， 由此导致调节幅度受到限制。
日本特开平 9 - 21305中公开了一种用于控制内燃机进排气阀的装置。 其中也是釆用了摇杆并在摇杆的中部设置滚轮。 但是， 这种装置的缺点与上 述现有技术中的缺点是一样的， 都是不能对进排气阃的行程做较大的调整， 也不能对其进行精确的调整。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种驱动装置，以便对内燃机气缸进排气阀的开 启度和开启相位提供更精确、 形成更大的调整。
为实现上述发明目的， 根据本发明提供一种驱动装置， 包括凸轮， 由凸 轮驱动的摇杆， 还包括用于调整摇杆位置的致动机构。 所述致动机构包括至少一根连杆， 所述连杆的一端支承在偏心轴上， 其 另一端与摇杆的一个端部通过第二支承轴铰接连接； 导向支承件， 摇杆与所 述连杆铰接连接的端部可移动地支承在导向支承件上。
所述摇杆支承在第二支承轴上，其上工作曲面与凸轮的工作曲面抵靠接 触， 摇杆的下工作曲面支承在导向支承件的导向面上。
根据本发明优选摇杆还包括与凸轮配合的第一滚轮和与导向支承件配 合的第二滚轮， 所述第一滚轮可转动地支承在第一支承轴上， 所述第二滚轮 可转动地支承在第二支承轴上。
所述连杆的一端设有轴套， 偏心轴可转动地设在轴套中； 连杆的另一端 设有用于容纳第二支承轴的轴孔， 第二支承轴可转动地支承在轴孔中。
根据本发明的驱动装置优选包括两根连杆， 两根连杆分别设置在摇杆的 两侧， 并通过偏心轴和第二支承轴相互连接同步运动。
所述摇杆的上工作曲面和下工作曲面分别位于摇杆的相对的两侧； 所述 摇杆的中部设有用于容纳第一支承轴的支承孔；所述上工作曲面与所述支承 孔相对地设置在摇杆侧面的边缘上，所述下工作曲面与摇杆端部的轴孔相对 地设置在摇杆的端部。
所述导向支承件的一侧设有导向面， 导向面为一个弯曲的凹陷曲面。 由于根据本发明的驱动装置通过致动机构增加了对内燃机气缸进排气 阀的开启度行程的调节， 因此与现有技术中没有致动机构的驱动装置相比对 进排气阀行程的调节更大。 另外， 由于釆用了摇杆端部通过工作曲面或滚轮 与导向支承件上的导向面相互配合运动的工作方式，可以对内燃机进排气阀 的开启相位和开启行程进行精准、 大幅度的调整可控制。 更重要的是， 导向 支承件的导向面是曲面， 通过对该曲面上各点的曲率半径的调整和设定， 可 以对进排气阀的开启相位和开启度做灵活多变的调整，这是现有技术所不能 的。
在根据本发明的优选实施例中， 将致动机构中的滑动摩擦转变为滚动， 其优点和效果是非常明显的。滚动摩擦使得整个驱动装置的运动更加灵活顺 畅， 从而提高了装置的工作可靠性和稳定性。 同时， 还降低了能量消耗。
根据本发明的驱动装置釆用了致动机构，该机构在工作过程中具有三种 状态， 即中置、 前置和后置状态。 所谓中置状态是凸轮旋转至其凸轮升程最 高的点时， 该点恰恰与摇杆上的上工作曲面的最高点在垂直的方向上对齐。 而所谓的后置状态是上述两点对齐的位置相对于垂线象左偏移。 也就是说， 假如凸轮沿顺时针方向转动的话， 其转动角度超过 180° 时上述两点相遇。 反之则为前置状态。
由此可以看出， 由于可以通过偏心轴的转动来设定这个机构处于前置、 中置或后置状态，所以导致摇杆下工作曲面与导向支承件的导向面的接触点 至凸轮与摇杆上工作曲面的接触点之间水平投影的距离（L1 )发生变化。 这 种变化进一步导致从摇杆下工作曲面与导向支承件的导向面的接触点至摇 杆与气缸进排气阀的接触点之间的水平投影距离（L2 )与上述距离 （L1 )之 比的变化。 这种比例关系的变化， 最终导致对进排气阀开启时间和开启相位 的调整。正是由于致动机构中的偏心轴和导向支承件上的工作曲面以及摇杆 上的工作曲面之间相互配合，才行程对进排气阀的开启相位和开启行程的控 制， 这种控制或调整可以根据需要非常细致、 精确， 并且由于参与调整的参 数众多， 因此调整的幅度大大增加。
由于阀门的行程是由凸轮的升程和摇臂的杠杆比决定的，所以可以通过 调整摇臂的结构参数达到改变阀门升程的目的。 附图说明
图 1为表示根据本发明的驱动装置处于中置工作状态的示意图； 图 2为表示根据本发明的驱动装置处于后置工作状态的示意图； 图 3为表示根据本发明的驱动装置处于前置工作状态的示意图； 图 4 为表示根据本发明的驱动装置另一个实施例的处于中置工作状态 的示意图。 具体实施方式
图 1示意性表示了根据本发明的驱动装置的一个实施例。这种驱动装置 尤其是用于驱动内燃机气缸阀杆的运动。
如图 1所示， 在本实施例中， 驱动装置具有一个凸轮 1 , 凸轮 1安装在 驱动轴 13上。 通过其他动力装置驱动驱动轴 13 , 从而带动凸轮 1转动。 与凸轮 1配合工作的是一根摇杆 3。 在本实施例中， 摇杆 3是一个条形 的板状件。摇杆 3在图中的水平方向上延伸比较长，而在竖直方向上比较窄。 在摇杆 3的一个端部， 如图所示的右端， 设有一个轴孔 17。
如图 1所示， 在摇杆 3的上边缘上设有摇杆 3的上工作曲面 12; 在摇 杆 3的右端部与轴孔 17相对地设有摇杆 3的下工作曲面 6。 上、 下工作曲 面 12、 6的曲率半径根据与之配合的凸轮 1的工作曲面以及导向支承件 8的 导向面的曲率半径均根据所需控制的内燃机气缸阀杆的行程变化。
如图 1所示， 摇杆 3在图中的左端抵靠在内燃机气缸阀杆 19的端部， 摇杆 3的下工作曲面 6压靠在导向支承件 8的导向面 7上，而摇杆 3的上工 作曲面 12抵靠在凸轮 1的外圓周表面上。 通过用于使进排气阀复位的弹簧 的弹簧力， 将摇杆 3沿着压向凸轮 1的方向支承在第二支承轴 5。 由此， 使 得凸轮 1与摇杆 3在任何情况下均相互压紧并传递驱动力，即在凸轮 1转动 时， 通过摇杆 3上的上工作曲面 12使得摇杆 3跟随凸轮 1的转动而转动。
摇杆 3具有一定厚度， 以便满足传递凸轮 1所施加的动力所需的强度。 摇杆 3上的上工作曲面 12、 下工作曲面 3以及与内燃机气缸阀杆 19相配合 的端部均具备传递所需动力必须的强度和硬度。
如图 1所示，根据本发明的驱动装置还包括一个整体上用附图标号 2表 示的致动机构。 该致动机构 2主要包括一根连杆 4、 一根偏心轴 9和一个导 向支承件 8。
如图 1所示， 连杆 4在图中的左端具有一个轴套 10。 偏心轴 9可转动 地支承在轴套 10中。
连杆 4的另一端， 即如图所示的右端， 设有一个轴孔 17。 第二支承轴 5 可转动地支承在该轴孔 17中， 同时摇杆 3也支承在第二支承轴 5上。 如此， 当偏心轴 9由图中未表示的驱动机构驱动转动时，连杆 4经第二支承轴 5带 动摇杆 3运动， 最终使摇杆 3沿左右方向或图中所示的水平方向往复运动。
在摇杆 3沿左右方向运动时，其位于图 1中的右端在导向支承件 8的导 向面 7上滑动， 由此形成对摇杆 3运动的第一个约束。 由于摇杆 3的右端部 上设有下工作曲面 6 , 所以当其在导向支承件 8的导向面 7上滑动的时候， 将由两个工作曲面相互接触点处的两个曲率半径影响摇杆 3 端部沿图中垂 直方向的位置。 由此构成对内燃机气缸阀杆 19开启度予以调节的一部分。
在本实施例中， 导向支承件 8是一个独立的零件， 当然该零件也可以是 所属气缸边缘上的一部分。 只要能够为摇杆 3的右端部提供支承即可。
导向支承件 8与摇杆 3右端部相对应的一侧， 即图中所示的上侧， 设有 用于与摇杆 3的下工作曲面 6相互配合工作的导向面 7。 导向面 7向着导向 支 件 8 的内部 图中所示向下的方向 凹陷， 由此形成一个凹陷个工作曲 面。 该凹陷的工作曲面例如可以是一个简单的圓柱面， 也可以是复杂的、 各 点处曲率半径均不同的曲面。导向面 7的具体形状由所需控制的内燃机气缸 阀杆 19的行程决定。
如图 1所示， 偏心轴 19在工作时围绕回转轴线 11旋转。 在图 1所示状 态下， 偏心轴 9旋转到一个使摇杆 3正好处于凸轮 1正下方的位置上。 在该 位置上， 摇杆 3上的上工作曲面 12的最高点 （A )恰好与凸轮 1外圓周表 面上回转半径最小的一点相对。 此时所表示的是一种中置的工作状态。
在这种中置状态中，从摇杆 3的下工作曲面 6与导向支承件 8的导向面 7相接触的点至凸轮 1与摇杆 3上工作曲面 12的接触点（A )之间的水平投 影的距离 L1与摇杆 3的下工作曲面 6与导向支承件 8的导向面 7相接触的 点至摇杆 3另一端与进排气阀 19接触点之间的水平投影距离 L2 之比就是 摇杆 3杠杆臂之比。这个比值决定了根据本发明的驱动装置对进排气阃开启 行程和开启相位的调节与控制。由于摇杆 3可以在偏心轴 9的驱动下沿左右 方向移动， 这种移动的结果就是改变上述的比例关系， 最终形成对进排气阀 开启行程和开启相位的调节。
附图 2和 3也分别表示了这种比例关系，并且是在驱动装置处于不同工 作位置的情况。 由于工作原理与针对图 1所示情况的描述一样， 所以下面将 不再对此做重复的描述。
图 2表示了偏心轴 9围绕其回转轴线 11转动一个角度以后， 使得摇杆 3的右端部到达图 2所示的最右端的工作位置的状态。 在此位置上， 摇杆 3 的下工作曲面 6上的一点到达摇杆 3沿图中左右方向行程的最右端点，即图 2中表示的 B点上。这一点也是导向支承件 8上的导向面 7的最右端的工作 点。 此时的状态是前置状态。
在这种前置状态下， 摇杆 3的上工作曲面 12随着摇杆 3—起也向右移 动。 此时， 摇杆 3的上工作曲面 12与凸轮 1外圓周面相互接触的点 B相对 于驱动凸轮 1的驱动轴 13的轴心线向右侧移动， 即在图 2中位于驱动轴 13 的轴心线的右侧。
反之， 如图 3所示的情况是一种所谓的前置状态。 这种状态恰恰与后置 状态相反。
根据本发明的中置、前置和后置状态都是对内燃机气缸进排气阀门开始 开启的时间点的调整状态， 即在不同的状态下， 将在不同的时间点开启进排 气阀门。
图 4表示了根据本发明的另一个优选实施例。 在这个优选实施例中， 摇 杆 3不是以其上下工作曲面 12、 6分别与凸轮 1和导向支承件 8的导向面 7 相互接触并配合运动。在本实施例中，在第一支承轴 14上设有第一滚轮 15 , 在第二支承轴 5上设有第二滚轮 16。 第一滚轮 15和第二滚轮 16分别通过 第一支承轴 14和第二支承轴 5与摇杆 3相连， 从而使得这两个滚轮 15 , 16 可以随摇杆 3—起运动。 同时， 第一滚轮 15和第二滚轮 16分别可转动地支 承对应的第一支承轴 14和第二支承轴 5上。 由此， 将摇杆 3与凸轮 1和导 向支承件 8之间的滑动摩擦变成滚动摩擦。这将明显地减小了根据本发明的 驱动装置内部的摩擦损耗， 使得各个零部件的运动更顺畅、 平稳， 并使得对 内燃机气缸进排气阀开启度的调整更精准。
当然， 根据本发明的目的， 这些滚轮的工作表面也要具备必须的硬度和 强度。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种驱动装置， 包括凸轮（1 ) , 由凸轮（1 )驱动的摇杆 （3) , 其特征在于， 还包括用于调整摇杆 （3)位置的致动机构 （2) 。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述致动机构 （2) 包括至少一根连杆（4) , 所述连杆（4) 的一端支承在偏心轴 （9)上， 其 另一端与摇杆 （3 ) 的一个端部通过第二支承轴 （5)铰接连接； 导向支承 件（8) , 摇杆（3)与所述连杆（4)铰接连接的端部可移动地支承在导向 支承件 （8) 上。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述摇杆 （3) 支 承在第二支承轴 （5) 上， 其上工作曲面 （12) 与凸轮（1 ) 的工作曲面抵 靠接触， 摇杆（3)的下工作曲面（6)支承在导向支承件（8)的导向面（7) 上。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3之一所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 摇杆 ( 3 ) 还包括与凸轮（1 ) 配合的第一滚轮（15) 和与导向支承件 （8) 配合的第 二滚轮（ 16 ) , 所述第一滚轮（ 15 )可转动地支承在第一支承轴（ 14 )上， 所述第二滚轮（16) 可转动地支承在第二支承轴 （5) 上。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述连杆 （4) 的 一端设有轴套（10) , 偏心轴（9)可转动地设在轴套（10) 中； 连杆（4) 的另一端设有用于容纳第二支承轴 （5) 的轴孔（17) , 第二支承轴 （5) 可转动地支承在轴孔（ 17 ) 中。
6. 根据权利要求 2或 5所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 包括两根连杆 (4) , 两根连杆 （4) 分别设置在摇杆 （3) 的两侧， 并通过偏心轴 （9) 和第二支承轴 （5)相互连接同步运动。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述摇杆 （3) 的 上工作曲面 （12) 和下工作曲面 （6) 分别位于摇杆 （3) 的相对的两侧； 所述摇杆（3) 的中部设有用于容纳第一支承轴（14) 的支承孔（18) ； 所 述上工作曲面 （12)与所述支承孔（18)相对地设置在摇杆（3)侧面的边 缘上， 所述下工作曲面（6)与摇杆（3)端部的轴孔相对地设置在摇杆（3) 的端部。
8. 根据权利要求 2或 7所述的驱动装置， 其特征在于， 所述导向支承 件 （8) 的一侧设有导向面 （7) , 导向面 （7) 为一个弯曲的凹陷曲面。
PCT/CN2010/070205 2009-01-15 2010-01-15 驱动装置 WO2010081424A1 (zh)

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CN102817660A (zh) * 2012-09-11 2012-12-12 优华劳斯汽车系统（上海）有限公司 内燃机变量气门结构
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