WO2010079847A1 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010079847A1 WO2010079847A1 PCT/JP2010/050451 JP2010050451W WO2010079847A1 WO 2010079847 A1 WO2010079847 A1 WO 2010079847A1 JP 2010050451 W JP2010050451 W JP 2010050451W WO 2010079847 A1 WO2010079847 A1 WO 2010079847A1
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- exhaust
- purification device
- additive
- exhaust gas
- passage portion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
- an additive supply device for adding a reducing agent is arranged in the exhaust passage upstream of the SCR device and the NSR catalyst.
- the additive supplied from the additive supply device and the exhaust gas are discharged.
- the additive reacts and purifies the exhaust, but in order to prevent the additive from slipping through the DPF, SCR unit and NSR catalyst, and to use the additive effectively, the additive is thoroughly mixed with the exhaust, and the additive is exhausted. It is preferable to distribute widely throughout the cross section of the passage. Therefore, conventionally, the additive is mixed with the exhaust gas downstream of the additive supply device and upstream of the DPF, SCR device, and NSR catalyst, and the additive is widely dispersed throughout the cross section of the exhaust passage. In addition, a dispersion plate was arranged. However, an increase in pressure loss of the exhaust flow cannot be avoided with the means for disposing the dispersion plate.
- the cross-sectional area of the exhaust path gradually decreases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide means for uniformly dispersing an additive supplied to an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine in exhaust gas.
- the upstream side exhaust purification device and the downstream side exhaust purification device provided in the engine exhaust passage have an exhaust pipe having a smaller cross-sectional area than the upstream side exhaust purification device and the downstream side exhaust purification device.
- the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine connected by the injection means, provided between the upstream side exhaust purification apparatus and the downstream side exhaust purification apparatus, for injecting an additive that reacts with a specific component in the exhaust gas into the exhaust passage
- a connection passage portion that connects the exhaust outlet of the catalyst of the upstream side exhaust purification device and the exhaust pipe, and the connection passage portion is connected to the central axis of the exhaust gas flow direction of the upstream side exhaust purification device and the exhaust pipe exhaust.
- the flow direction central axis is formed so as not to coincide with each other, the injection means is disposed in the connection passage portion, the additive is injected so as to reach the opposing wall surface of the connection passage portion, and the additive is exhausted.
- An internal combustion engine exhaust gas purification device that mixes It is subjected. That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in the system having the upstream side exhaust purification device in the front stage of the DPF, SCR device, and NSR catalyst, the additive is provided between the catalyst and the exhaust pipe of the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- the catalyst is supplied into the connecting passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe, and the strong swirling flow generated in the connecting passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe is used, without causing the exhaust pressure loss, Additives are mixed and evaporated in the exhaust. Since the inside of the connection passage part from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe has a larger capacity than the exhaust pipe, evaporation of the additive is promoted by passing through the connection passage part from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe. The additive is effectively mixed and evaporated by the strong swirling flow in the passage portion and the effect of being contracted at the junction with the exhaust pipe.
- connection passage portion includes a passage portion that gradually reduces the passage cross-sectional area from the exhaust outlet cross-sectional area of the catalyst of the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- An exhaust emission control device for an engine is provided. That is, in the invention of claim 2, the cross-sectional area of the connecting passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe described in claim 1 is gradually reduced, and in this case, the additive is supplied to the gradually reducing passage portion. The additive is mixed and evaporated in the exhaust gas without causing a pressure loss of the exhaust gas by utilizing a strong swirl flow generated in the connecting passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe.
- the capacity of the inside of the connection passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe is larger than that of the exhaust pipe, so that evaporation of the additive is promoted by passing through the connection passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe.
- the additive is effectively mixed and evaporated due to the strong swirling flow in the connecting passage portion and the effect of being contracted at the joining portion with the exhaust pipe.
- the downstream side exhaust purification device includes a catalyst that performs selective catalyst reduction by adding urea, and the injection unit applies the additive toward the lower end portion of the catalyst of the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- the exhaust emission control device for an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exhaust gas is injected to cause the additive to collide with a lower end portion of the catalyst. That is, in the invention of claim 4, when the downstream side exhaust purification device includes a catalyst that performs selective catalytic reduction by adding urea, even if urea is injected so as to hit the upstream side catalyst, urea does not generate heat. Therefore, the urea is positively collided with the upstream catalyst, and the upstream catalyst bed temperature is used to promote the hydrolysis of urea and improve the diffusibility of ammonia produced by the hydrolysis to the exhaust gas. . Furthermore, the diffusivity can be improved by the mixing effect caused by the collision of urea with the upstream catalyst.
- the internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a dispersion plate that promotes mixing of the injected additive with the exhaust gas is provided in the connection passage portion.
- An exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided. That is, in the invention of claim 5, when the additive is mixed and evaporated in the exhaust gas in the connecting passage portion from the catalyst to the exhaust pipe, the dispersion plate is disposed in the connecting passage portion, and the additive is mixed into the exhaust gas. Is further promoted. Since the flow velocity in the connecting passage is slow, the occurrence of pressure loss is small even if a dispersion plate is arranged.
- connection passage portion is formed so that the central axis of the exhaust pipe in the exhaust flow direction is not parallel to or intersects with the central axis of the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- the control means for controlling the injection amount or the injection interval at the time of addition of the additive is provided, and the control means includes the adhesion area of the injected additive to the exhaust passage wall surface, and the wall surface.
- the injection condition in which the injected additive does not form a liquid film in the exhaust pipe is determined based on the temperature of the exhaust gas or the exhaust gas temperature, and the catalyst bed temperature of the catalyst of the upstream side exhaust purification device is increased.
- the injection control of the additive has been performed in consideration only of the exhaust gas temperature at the catalyst inlet of the downstream side exhaust purification device, but the additive has evaporated immediately before the catalyst of the downstream side exhaust purification device. Even so, there is a possibility that a liquid film is formed in the exhaust pipe immediately after the additive injection means, which is a cause of additive accumulation and soot accumulation. Therefore, in consideration of the additive deposition area, the wall temperature at the adhesion position, the injection amount and the injection interval of the additive, which are the main factors of liquid film generation, the liquid film is applied to the exhaust pipe immediately after the additive injection means. The catalyst bed temperature of the upstream side exhaust purification device is raised so as not to be generated.
- the temperature sensor for measuring the exhaust temperature in the exhaust pipe downstream of the connection passage portion is provided, and the measured exhaust temperature is corrected based on the latent heat of vaporization of the injected additive.
- the exhaust temperature sensor prevents the erroneous measurement due to the adhesion of the additive and corrects the latent heat of vaporization of the additive with high accuracy. It is preferable to arrange in the tube.
- a temperature sensor is disposed in the exhaust pipe downstream of the connecting passage portion, and the temperature of the upstream side exhaust purification device is corrected for the latent heat of vaporization of the additive with respect to the measured temperature.
- the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the additive is injected aiming at a bent portion of the wall surface facing the connection passage portion toward the exhaust pipe. Is provided.
- the additive comes into contact with the wall surface of the connection passage portion over a wide range, and the mixing and evaporation of the additive into the exhaust gas is favorably promoted, which is advantageous.
- the invention described in each claim there is a common effect that the additive supplied to the exhaust gas purification device of the internal combustion engine is uniformly dispersed in the exhaust gas.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration of the embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIGS. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an embodiment in which a problem occurs, and FIGS. 3A and 3B are ranges to be avoided when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram for explaining the schematic configuration of the embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the embodiment, and FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the schematic configuration of the embodiment, and FIG. 6 shows the application of the present invention to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a schematic configuration of the embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine, and
- FIG. 10B is a diagram for explaining a schematic configuration of the embodiment, FIG.
- FIGS. 10B is a diagram for explaining a case where a defect occurs due to a configuration different from the present invention
- FIGS. FIGS. 11A and 11B are top views for explaining a schematic configuration of an embodiment when the invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIGS. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment in the case where FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment when applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a combustion engine, and FIG. 13 shows still another embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the schematic configuration of still another embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment in the case where FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of another embodiment when applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a combustion engine, and FIG. 13 shows still another embodiment when
- FIG. 10 (a) is the same figure, (b) is a figure explaining schematic structure of this embodiment compared with (a), and FIG. 15 is an exhaust gas purification apparatus of an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of still another embodiment when applied, and FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic configuration of still another embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram supplementing the flowchart of FIG. 16.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a schematic configuration of still another embodiment when the present invention is applied to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 18 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the connection passage portion 2.
- (B) is the perspective view seen from diagonally upward of the connection channel
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the connection passage portion 2.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine constituted by an oxidation catalytic converter (hereinafter referred to as “CCo”) 11, an NSR catalyst 12, and a DPF 20, and FIG. 7 shows a DPF 13, an SCR apparatus,
- CCo oxidation catalytic converter
- NSR catalyst 12 an NSR catalyst
- DPF 20 an SCR apparatus
- An exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine includes an upstream exhaust purification device 1 or 1 ′, a downstream exhaust purification device 20 or 20 ′, and an upstream exhaust purification device 1 or 1 ′ provided in an engine exhaust passage. And an injection means 3 provided between the downstream side exhaust purification device 20 or 20 ′ and injecting an additive that reacts with a specific component in the exhaust gas into the exhaust passage.
- An exhaust pipe 7 is connected between the upstream side exhaust purification device 1 or 1 ′ and the downstream side exhaust purification device 20 or 20 ′. The cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe 7 is smaller than the cross-sectional areas of the upstream side exhaust purification device and the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the connection passage portion 2 described above.
- the catalyst 10 of the upstream side exhaust purification device shown in FIG. 8 is the upstream side exhaust purification device 1 or 1 in the embodiment of FIG. 6 or FIG. It corresponds to the catalyst 12 or 13 '. That is, the connection passage portion 2 is formed such that the exhaust flow direction central axis flowing out from the catalyst 10 of the upstream side exhaust purification device does not coincide with the exhaust flow direction central axis of the exhaust pipe 7 (see FIGS. 6 and 7). Has been. Also.
- the injection port of the injection means 3 is arranged to inject the additive into the connection passage portion 2, and the injection pressure of the injection means is such that the additive injected during engine operation reaches the opposing connection passage wall surface.
- the injected additive set at a pressure rides on the swirling flow of the exhaust gas and is effectively mixed with the exhaust gas. That is, in a system having an upstream exhaust purification device upstream of the DPF, SCR device, or NSR catalyst, the additive is added between the catalyst 10 of the upstream upstream exhaust purification device and the exhaust pipe 7 (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the exhaust gas is supplied into the connecting passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7 and exhausted by using the strong swirling flow generated in the connecting passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7.
- the additive is mixed and evaporated in the exhaust gas without causing any pressure loss. Since the capacity of the inside of the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7 is larger than that of the exhaust pipe 7, evaporation of the additive is caused by passing through the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7. In addition to being promoted, the additive is effectively mixed and evaporated due to the strong swirling flow in the connecting passage portion 2 and the effect of being contracted at the junction with the exhaust pipe.
- the connecting passage portion 2 is a passage portion that gradually reduces the passage sectional area from the exhaust outlet sectional area of the catalyst 10 of the upstream side exhaust purification device.
- the injection port of the injection unit 3 is arranged so as to inject the additive into the passage portion where the exhaust passage cross-sectional area gradually decreases. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the cross-sectional area of the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7 is gradually reduced, and the additive is added to the passage portion gradually reducing the diameter. And the additive is mixed and evaporated in the exhaust gas without causing a pressure loss of the exhaust gas by using a strong swirl flow generated in the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7. .
- the capacity of the inside of the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7 is larger than that of the exhaust pipe 7, so that by passing through the connection passage portion 2 from the catalyst 10 to the exhaust pipe 7, The evaporation of the additive is promoted, and the additive is effectively mixed and evaporated by the effect of contracting at the strong swirling flow in the connection passage portion 2 and the joining portion with the exhaust pipe.
- the injection pressure of the injection means 3 is set to a pressure at which the additive injected during engine operation reaches the opposing wall surface of the connection passage portion 2 as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b). Is preferred. 2A and 2B show a case where the injection pressure is not sufficient. 2 (a) corresponds to FIG. 1 (a), FIG.
- FIG. 2 (b) corresponds to FIG. 1 (b), and the arrangement of the injection means 3 respectively corresponds to FIG. 2 (a).
- the injected additive is discharged toward the exhaust pipe 7 without using the strong swirling flow generated in the connection passage portion 2, so that the additive is used. Insufficient mixing and evaporation during exhaust. That is, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), among the exhaust A flowing through the entire catalyst 10, there is a flow B that directly flows out from the connection passage portion 2 to the exhaust pipe.
- the injection pressure is small as shown in (b)
- the injected additive flows out on the flow B and cannot be sufficiently mixed with the exhaust gas. This situation can also be said about the injection direction. That is, when the additive is injected in the injection direction shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 5A, 5 ⁇ / b> B, 5 ⁇ / b> C, 5 ⁇ / b> D, and 5 ⁇ / b> E are diagrams illustrating the case where the injected additive reaches the opposing wall surface of the connection passage 2. As shown in FIGS.
- the injection pressure of the injection means 3 has an upper limit, and the injection pressure of the injection means 3 is equal to or lower than the upper limit injection pressure.
- the angle between the injection direction and the flow direction of the flow in the connection passage portion 2 is in the range of 90 degrees ⁇ ⁇ 180 degrees, the swirling distance of the exhaust gas that can be used becomes short, and the additive Since it tends to flow out without being sufficiently diffused into the exhaust gas, it is preferable to increase the spray angle ⁇ to promote mixing and evaporation of the additive into the exhaust gas as shown in FIG.
- the presence of the catalyst 10 is indispensable upstream of the connection passage portion 2. That is, as shown in FIG. 9A, when a catalyst is present upstream of the connection passage portion 2, the exhaust gas flow spreads in the connection passage portion 2 to generate a flow C, which is good as shown in FIG. 9 (b), when there is no catalyst upstream of the connection passage portion 2, a dead volume D is generated in the connection passage portion 2, which is good as shown in FIG. Cannot generate a swirl flow.
- 10 (a) to 10 (i) illustrate various embodiments in which the additive is satisfactorily mixed with the exhaust gas in the connection passage portion 2 with top views of the connection passage portion 2.
- 10A shows the swirling flow EE of the exhaust gas in the connection passage portion 2, and the exhaust gas is swirled in two directions opposite to each other in the connection passage portion 2. It is discharged from the outlet 4 and travels to the exhaust pipe 7 (see FIGS. 6 and 7). Therefore, when the additive is injected from the injection means 3 as shown in FIG. 10 (b), the additive rides on the swirling flow EE and diffuses and mixes as shown in FIG. 10 (c). Further, when the punch metal 5 is inserted in the diameter direction in the connection passage portion 2 as shown in FIG. 10 (d), the additive is dispersed by the punch metal 5 as shown in FIG. 10 (c). Then, it rides on the swirl flow EE and diffuses and mixes.
- 11 (a) and 11 (b) include a bypass passage 5 that bypasses the upstream side exhaust purification device and joins the connection passage portion 2, and injects the additive toward the joining portion of the injection means 3 toward the joining portion.
- 1 shows an embodiment arranged as such. That is, in FIGS. 11A and 11B, when the bypass passage 5 that bypasses the upstream side exhaust purification device and joins the connecting passage portion 2 is provided, an additive is added in the vicinity of the joining portion, An exhaust swirl flow is used to effectively mix the additive and the exhaust.
- the downstream side exhaust purification device includes a catalyst that performs selective catalytic reduction by adding urea as in the SCR device 20 ′ in FIG. 7
- the injection port of the injection means 3 is connected to the upstream side as shown in FIG. It is advantageous to inject urea toward the lower end of the catalyst 10 of the exhaust purification device and to make the urea collide with the lower end of the catalyst 10. That is, in FIG. 12, when the downstream side exhaust purification device includes a catalyst that performs selective catalyst reduction by adding urea as in the 20 ′ SCR device of FIG.
- urea used for selective catalyst reduction is upstream. Since it does not generate heat even when it hits the catalyst 10 on the side, the urea is positively collided with the catalyst 10 on the upstream side, and the hydrolysis of urea is accelerated by utilizing the catalyst bed temperature on the upstream side. Improves the diffusibility of the generated ammonia into the exhaust. Furthermore, the diffusivity can be improved by the mixing effect caused by the collision of urea with the upstream catalyst 10.
- the dispersion plate 6 that promotes the mixing of the injected additive with the exhaust is provided in the connection passage portion 2 to further improve the diffusibility of the additive into the exhaust gas. Can do.
- the dispersion plate 6 is disposed in the connection passage portion 2 and the additive is added. Further promotes mixing of the gas into the exhaust. Since the flow rate of the exhaust gas is relatively slow in the connection passage portion 2, the occurrence of pressure loss is small even if the dispersion plate 6 is arranged. Therefore, the mixing and homogenization of the exhaust gas and the additive in the connection passage portion 2 can be completed, and the length of the exhaust pipe 7 downstream of the connection passage portion 2 can be shortened. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the exhaust passage 7 has a central axis in the exhaust flow direction that is not parallel to the central axis of the upstream exhaust system and intersects the connection passage portion 2. If formed in such a manner, mixing of the additive into the exhaust gas can be further promoted. That is, in FIG. 14A, in the top view of the connection passage portion 2, the swirl flow EE swirls symmetrically, flows out from the exhaust outlet 4, and flows into the exhaust pipe 7. As shown in FIG. 14B, the exhaust flow direction central axis of the exhaust pipe 7 (see FIGS. 6 and 7) is formed so as not to pass through the center of the connection passage portion 2, and the swirl flow in the connection passage portion 2 is formed. EE is made asymmetric, and one swirl flow E is sufficiently swirled in the connecting passage portion 2.
- the injection of the additive of the injection means 3 is performed by controlling the injection amount or the injection interval at the time of addition.
- the injection control of the additive is performed by the catalysts 20, 20 ′ of the downstream side exhaust purification device. (See FIGS. 6 and 7).
- the additive is evaporated immediately before the catalysts 20 and 20 ′ of the downstream side exhaust purification device, there is a possibility that a liquid film is generated in the exhaust pipe 7 immediately after the injection means 3. , Causing additive accumulation and soot accumulation.
- the exhaust pipe 7 immediately after the additive injection means 3 The bed temperature of the catalysts 12 and 13 of the upstream side exhaust purification devices 1 and 1 ′ is increased so as not to generate a liquid film.
- the adhesion area S of the injected additive to the wall surface of the exhaust passage 2 differs depending on the exhaust gas flow rate Ga and the addition position. Based on the area and the exhaust gas flow rate Ga at the time of injection, an operation map for obtaining the adhesion area S of the additive on the wall surface is prepared in advance in the injection control means.
- step 16 shows a flowchart for controlling the injection amount or injection interval of the additive as described above. That is, the adhesion area S of the additive to the wall surface of the exhaust passage 2 is determined in step 100, and the wall surface temperature of the exhaust passage 2 is determined in step 200. The wall surface temperature can be estimated from the detection value of the exhaust temperature sensor.
- step 300 the minimum addition interval of the additive that does not generate a liquid film in the exhaust pipe 7 is determined from the adhesion area S and the wall surface temperature, and the catalyst 20 of the downstream side exhaust purification device is determined from the minimum addition interval of the additive.
- the target bed temperature T of 20 ′ (see FIGS. 6 and 7) is calculated backward.
- step 400 if the target bed temperature T is equal to or lower than the regeneration temperature of the catalyst 20, 20 ′ of the downstream side exhaust purification device, proceeding to step 500, upstream exhaust until it reaches the regeneration temperature of the catalyst 20, 20 ′.
- the process proceeds to step 600 and the additive is injected. Start.
- the exhaust gas flow rate Ga is large, as shown in FIG. 17, there is a phenomenon that the additive collides with the exhaust gas flow and atomizes. That is, it becomes difficult to form a liquid film in the exhaust pipe 7.
- the catalyst bed temperature has been estimated from the detected value of the exhaust temperature sensor installed downstream of the catalyst, that is, the exhaust temperature passing through the catalyst.
- the exhaust temperature sensor is installed in the connection passage 2, there is a risk that liquid additive adheres to the exhaust temperature sensor and erroneous measurement is performed, and the additive is completely contained in the connection passage 2. Since it has not evaporated, the amount of evaporation is unknown. For this reason, the catalyst bed temperature of the catalysts 12 and 13 cannot be estimated accurately. Therefore, the exhaust temperature sensor is installed in the exhaust pipe 7 downstream of the connection passage portion 2, and the exhaust temperature after the additive is completely evaporated in the exhaust gas is measured, so that the liquid additive is completely gasified. It is preferable to estimate the catalyst bed temperatures of the catalysts 12 and 13 based on the latent heat of vaporization.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a further embodiment in which the additive is well mixed with the exhaust gas in the connection passage portion 2, and (a) is a view seen from the cross-sectional direction of the connection passage portion 2. (B) is the perspective view seen from diagonally upward of the connection channel
- the additive is injected from the injection unit 3 aiming at a bent portion of the wall surface facing the injection unit 3 of the connection passage portion 2 toward the exhaust pipe.
- the additive comes into contact with the wall surface of the connection passage portion 2 in a wide range, and mixing and evaporation of the additive into the exhaust gas is favorably promoted, which is advantageous.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、従来は、添加剤供給装置の下流であって、DPFやSCR装置やNSR触媒に対して上流側に、添加剤を排気と混合し、添加剤を排気通路の断面全体にわたって広く分散させるために、分散板を配置していた。しかし、分散板を配置する手段では、排気流れの圧損の上昇を避けることができない。
そこで、機関排気通路に設けられた排気浄化装置の上流側から、排気中の特定成分を浄化するための浄化剤を供給する内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、排気通路の断面積が徐々に縮小する傾斜部を設け、排気ガスが傾斜部を通過して収束する部位の近傍で、かつ、排気通路の中央部近傍に配設した噴射口から、排気通路の径方向に浄化剤を噴射することにより、浄化剤の拡散性を向上させる技術が、日本国特許公開2007−205308号公報に開示されている。
本発明は、内燃機関の排気浄化装置に供給する添加剤を、排気中に均一に分散させる手段を提供することを目的としている。
請求項1に記載の発明によれば、機関排気通路に設けられた上流側排気浄化装置及び下流側排気浄化装置が、上流側排気浄化装置及び下流側排気浄化装置よりも断面積が小さい排気管で接続された、内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、上流側排気浄化装置と下流側排気浄化装置との間に設けられ、排気中の特定成分と反応する添加剤を排気通路内に噴射する噴射手段と、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の排気出口と排気管とを接続する、接続通路部と、を備え、接続通路部を、上流側排気浄化装置の排気流れ方向中心軸線と、排気管の排気流れ方向中心軸線とが、一致しないように形成し、噴射手段を、接続通路部に配置し、添加剤を、接続通路部の対向する壁面に到達するように噴射し、添加剤を、排気と混合する、内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項1の発明では、DPFやSCR装置やNSR触媒の前段に上流側排気浄化装置を持つ系において、添加剤を、前段の上流側排気浄化装置の触媒と排気管との間に設けた、触媒から排気管への接続通路部の中に供給し、触媒から排気管への接続通路部の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用して、排気の圧損を発生させることなく、添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる。触媒から排気管への接続通路部の内部は、排気管に比べて容量が大きいため、触媒から排気管への接続通路部を通過することによって、添加剤の蒸発が促進されるとともに、この接続通路部内の強い旋回流や、排気管との合流部で縮管される効果によって、添加剤が効果的に混合・蒸発される。
請求項2に記載の発明によれば、接続通路部が、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の排気出口断面積から、徐々に通路断面積を縮小する通路部を備える、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項2の発明では、請求項1に記載した触媒から排気管への接続通路部の断面積が、徐々に縮小し、この場合に、徐々に縮小する通路部に、添加剤を供給し、触媒から排気管への接続通路部の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用して、排気の圧損を発生させることなく、添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる。この場合にも、触媒から排気管への接続通路部の内部は、排気管に比べて容量が大きいため、触媒から排気管への接続通路部を通過することによって、添加剤の蒸発が促進されるとともに、この接続通路部内の強い旋回流や、排気管との合流部で縮管される効果によって、添加剤が効果的に混合・蒸発される。
請求項3に記載の発明によれば、上流側排気浄化装置を迂回し、接続通路部において合流するバイパス通路を備え、噴射手段が、合流部に向けて添加物を噴射する、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項3の発明では、上流側排気浄化装置を迂回して、接続通路部に合流するバイパス通路を備える場合において、合流部近傍に添加剤を添加し、合流による排気旋回流を利用して、添加剤と排気とを効果的に混合させる。この場合、添加剤の噴射手段へのすす詰まりを回避するためには、バイパス流れが接続通路部に流入する流れ方向に沿って添加剤を噴射すると、有利である。
請求項4に記載の発明によれば、下流側排気浄化装置が、尿素添加による選択触媒還元を行なう触媒を備え、噴射手段が、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の下端部に向けて添加剤を噴射し、触媒の下端部に添加剤を衝突させる、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項4の発明では、下流側排気浄化装置が、尿素添加による選択触媒還元を行なう触媒を備える場合は、上流側の触媒に当たるように尿素を噴射しても、尿素が発熱することはないため、積極的に尿素を上流側の触媒に衝突させ、上流側の触媒床温を利用して、尿素の加水分解を促進させ、加水分解によって生成したアンモニアの排気への拡散性を向上させる。更に、尿素が上流側の触媒に衝突することによるミキシング効果によって、拡散性を向上させることができる。
請求項5に記載の発明によれば、噴射された添加剤の排気との混合を促進する分散板を、接続通路部内に設けた、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項5の発明では、触媒から排気管への接続通路部において添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる場合に、接続通路部内に分散板を配置し、添加剤の排気中への混合を、更に促進させる。接続通路部内は流速が遅いため、分散板を配置しても、圧損の発生は小さい。そこで、接続通路部内で排気と添加剤との混合を促進して均一化を完了し、接続通路部下流の排気管長さを短縮することができる。
請求項6に記載の発明によれば、接続通路部を、排気管の排気流れ方向中心軸線が、上流側排気浄化装置の中心軸線と、平行でなくかつ交差しないように形成した、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、請求項6の発明では、接続通路部を、排気管の排気流れ方向中心軸線が、上流側排気浄化装置の中心軸線と平行でなく、かつ上流側排気浄化装置の中心軸線と交差しないように形成し、上流側の触媒から排気管への接続通路部の壁面に沿って2方向に分かれて発生する強い旋回流を、非対称にし、一方の旋回流の旋回距離を長くして、添加剤のミキシング効果をさらに向上させる。
請求項7に記載の発明によれば、添加剤の添加時の噴射量又は噴射間隔を制御する制御手段を備え、制御手段が、噴射された添加剤の排気通路壁面への付着面積と、壁面の温度又は排気温度とに基づき、噴射された添加剤が排気管内で液膜を生成しない噴射条件を決定し、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の触媒床温を上昇させる、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、従来は、添加剤の噴射制御を、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒入口の排気ガス温度のみ考慮して行なってきたが、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒直前で添加剤が蒸発している場合であっても、添加剤の噴射手段直後の排気管には液膜が生成している可能性があり、添加剤溜りや、すすの堆積の原因となっている。そこで、液膜生成の主要因である、添加剤の付着面積、付着位置の壁温、添加剤の噴射量及び噴射間隔、を考慮して、添加剤の噴射手段直後の排気管に液膜を生成しないように、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒床温を上昇させる。
請求項8に記載の発明によれば、接続通路部の下流の排気管内の排気温度を測定する温度センサを備え、測定された排気温度を、噴射された添加剤の気化潜熱に基づいて補正し、上流側排気浄化装置の温度を求める、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
すなわち、排気温センサは、添加剤の付着による誤計測を防止し、かつ添加剤の気化潜熱の補正を精度良く行なうために、添加剤が確実に蒸発している、接続通路部の下流の排気管内に配置することが好ましい。そこで請求項8の発明では、温度センサを接続通路部の下流の排気管内に配置し、上流側排気浄化装置の温度を、測定された温度に対して添加剤の気化潜熱の補正を行なうことにより、求めることとしたものである。
請求項9に記載の発明によれば、添加剤を、接続通路部の対向する壁面の、排気管に向かう曲がり部を狙って噴射する、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置が提供される。
このようにすると、添加剤が接続通路部の壁面と広範囲に接触し、添加剤の排気中への混合・蒸発が良好に促進され、有利である。
各請求項に記載の発明によれば、内燃機関の排気浄化装置に供給する添加剤を、排気中に均一に分散させるという共通の効果を奏する。
図6と図7に、本発明による内燃機関の排気浄化装置の全体装置構成を示す。図6は、酸化触媒コンバータ(以下「CCo」という)11と、NSR触媒12と、DPF20とによって構成される内燃機関の排気浄化装置における実施形態であり、図7は、DPF13と、SCR装置又はNSR触媒20’とによって構成される内燃機関の排気浄化装置における実施形態である。本発明による内燃機関の排気浄化装置は、機関排気通路に設けられた上流側排気浄化装置1又は1’と、下流側排気浄化装置20又は20’と、上流側排気浄化装置1又は1’と下流側排気浄化装置20又は20’との間に設けられ、排気中の特定成分と反応する添加剤を排気通路内に噴射する噴射手段3と、を備える。上流側排気浄化装置1又は1’と下流側排気浄化装置20又は20’との間は、排気管7で接続されている。排気管7の断面積は、上流側排気浄化装置及び上流側排気浄化装置の断面積よりも小さい。この場合において、上流側排気浄化装置1又は1’の触媒12又は13の排気出口と排気管7とを接続する接続通路部2を設ける。
図8は、上述の、接続通路部2を説明する図であり、図8に示した上流側排気浄化装置の触媒10は、図6又は図7の実施形態における上流側排気浄化装置1又は1’の触媒12又は13に相当する。すなわち、接続通路部2は、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒10から流出する排気流れ方向中心軸線と、排気管7(図6、7参照)の排気流れ方向中心軸線とが、一致しないように形成されている。また。噴射手段3の噴射口は、接続通路部2に、添加剤を噴射するように配置され、噴射手段の噴射圧は、機関運転時において噴射された添加剤が、対向する接続通路壁面に到達する圧力に設定され、噴射された添加剤が、排気の旋回流に乗って有効に排気と混合されるように構成されている。
すなわち、DPFやSCR装置やNSR触媒の前段に上流側排気浄化装置を持つ系において、添加剤を、前段の上流側排気浄化装置の触媒10と排気管7(図6、7参照)との間に設けた、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の中に供給し、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用して、排気の圧損を発生させることなく、添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる。触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の内部は、排気管7に比べて容量が大きいため、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2を通過することによって、添加剤の蒸発が促進されるとともに、この接続通路部2内の強い旋回流や、排気管との合流部で縮管される効果によって、添加剤が効果的に混合・蒸発される。
この場合、図1(a)、(b)に示すように、接続通路部2は、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒10の排気出口断面積から、徐々に通路断面積を縮小する通路部であることが好ましく、噴射手段3の噴射口は、排気通路断面積が徐々に縮小する通路部に、添加剤を噴射するように配置することが好ましい。
すなわち、図1(a)、(b)に示すように、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の断面積が徐々に縮小し、この、徐々に縮径する通路部に、添加剤を供給し、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用して、排気の圧損を発生させることなく、添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる。この場合にも、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2の内部は、排気管7に比べて容量が大きいため、触媒10から排気管7への接続通路部2を通過することによって、添加剤の蒸発が促進されるとともに、この接続通路部2内の強い旋回流や、排気管との合流部で縮管される効果によって、添加剤が効果的に混合・蒸発される。
更に、噴射手段3の噴射圧は、図1(a)、(b)に示すように、機関運転時において噴射された添加剤が、接続通路部2の対向する壁面に到達する圧力とすることが好ましい。
図2(a)、(b)には、噴射圧が十分でない場合を示す。図2(a)は図1(a)と、図2(b)は図1(b)と、それぞれ噴射手段3の配置が対応しているが、噴射圧が十分でない図2(a)、(b)の場合には、噴射された添加剤が、接続通路部2の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用することなく、排気管7に向って排出されてしまうので、添加剤を排気中に十分混合・蒸発させることができない。
すなわち、図3(a)、(b)に示すように、触媒10の全体を流れる排気Aのうち、接続通路部2から排気管に直接流出する流れBが存在し、図2(a)、(b)のように噴射圧が小さい場合には、噴射された添加剤は、流れBに乗って流出してしまうため、排気と十分混合することができない。
この状況は、噴射方向についても言うことができる。すなわち、添加剤を図4(a)に示す噴射方向に噴射した場合には、添加剤を、接続通路部2の中で発生している強い旋回流を利用して、排気中に有効に混合・蒸発させることができるが、図4(b)に示す噴射方向に噴射した場合には、噴射された添加剤は、流れBに乗って排気管7に向って排出されてしまうので、排気と十分混合することができない。
図5(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)は、噴射された添加剤が、接続通路2の、対向する壁面に到達する場合を説明する図である。図5(a)、(b)に示すように、噴射方向と、接続通路部2内の流れの流れ方向とのなす角度をαとすると、接続通路2の対向する壁面に到達する場合の噴射圧力と角度αとの間には、図5(d)のような関係がある。すなわち、角度αが小さいほど、言い換えれば、噴射方向が、接続通路部2内の排気流れ方向に逆らう方向であるほど、噴射圧は大きくしなければならない。また、排気ガス流量Gaに対する添加剤の供給量は決まっているため、図5(c)に示すように、排気ガス流量Gaが大きくなれば、噴射圧も大きくしなければならない。したがって、排気ガス量Gaが決まると、図5(c)から噴射圧が決まり、この噴射圧が得られるように、図5(d)から噴射方向が決まる。すなわち、噴射口の取り付け方向が決まる。ただし、図5(c)に示すように、処理される排気ガス量Gaには上限があるため、噴射手段3の噴射圧には上限があり、噴射手段3の噴射圧は、上限噴射圧以下に設定する。また、噴射方向と、接続通路部2内の流れの流れ方向とのなす角度をαが、90度<α<180度の範囲になると、利用できる排気ガスの旋回距離が短くなり、添加剤が排気ガスに十分拡散しないまま流出し易くなるため、図5(e)に示すように、噴霧角βを大きくして、添加剤の排気ガスへの混合・蒸発を促進することが好ましい。
上述の構成において、接続通路部2の上流には、触媒10の存在が不可欠である。すなわち、図9(a)に示すように、接続通路部2の上流に触媒が存在する場合には、接続通路部2内に排気ガス流が広がり、流れCを発生し、図8に示す良好な旋回流を生じるが、図9(b)に示すように、接続通路部2の上流に触媒が存在しない場合には、接続通路部2内で、デッドボリュームDを生じ、図8に示す良好な旋回流を発生させることができない。
図10(a)~(i)は、接続通路部2内において添加剤を排気ガスに良好に混合する様々な実施形態を、接続通路部2の上面図で説明したものである。図10(a)は、接続通路部2内における排気ガスの旋回流E−Eを示すもので、排気ガスは接続通路部2内で、互いに逆方向に向う2方向に分かれて旋回した後、出口4から排出され、排気管7(図6、7参照)へ向う。そこで、添加剤を噴射手段3から図10(b)のように噴射した場合には、添加剤は、旋回流E−Eに乗って、図10(c)のように拡散・混合する。また、接続通路部2内の直径方向に、図10(d)に示すようにパンチメタル5を挿入した場合には、添加剤は、図10(c)のようにパンチメタル5によって分散された後、旋回流E−Eに乗って、拡散・混合する。この場合、パンチメタルを、図示のように旋回流E−Eを左右対称に振り分ける直径方向に配置すると、排気ガスの中央流線は、パンチメタルと平行であるので、パンチメタル挿入による圧損の発生を回避することができる。更に、図10(f)に示すように、接続通路部2の形状を変形し、変形部に添加剤を噴射、衝突させた場合には、添加剤は、図10(g)のように拡散・混合する。ここで、添加剤を、接続通路部2の出口4に向けて噴射する場合には、図10(b)、(c)のように拡散距離を十分にとることができないので、図10(h)のように大きい噴霧角で噴射し、図10(i)のように、互いに逆方向の旋回流E−Eに乗せ、その合流時の衝突を利用して拡散性を向上させる。
図11(a)、(b)は、上流側排気浄化装置を迂回し、接続通路部2に合流するバイパス通路5を備え、噴射手段3の噴射口を、合流部に向けて添加剤を噴射するように配置した、実施形態を示す。
すなわち、図11(a)、(b)では、上流側排気浄化装置を迂回して、接続通路部2に合流するバイパス通路5を備える場合において、合流部近傍に添加剤を添加し、合流による排気旋回流を利用して、添加剤と排気とを効果的に混合させる。この場合、添加剤の噴射手段へのすす詰まりを回避するためには、図11(a)のように、バイパス流れが接続通路部2に流入する流れ方向に沿って添加剤を噴射すると、有利である。
下流側排気浄化装置が、図7の20’のSCR装置のように、尿素添加による選択触媒還元を行なう触媒を備える場合には、噴射手段3の噴射口を、図12のように、上流側排気浄化装置の触媒10の下端部に向けて尿素を噴射し、触媒10の下端部に尿素を衝突させるように配置すると有利である。
すなわち、図12では、下流側排気浄化装置が、図7の20’のSCR装置のように、尿素添加による選択触媒還元を行なう触媒を備える場合には、選択触媒還元に使用する尿素は、上流側の触媒10に当たっても、発熱することがないため、積極的に尿素を上流側の触媒10に衝突させ、上流側の触媒床温を利用して、尿素の加水分解を促進させ、加水分解によって発生したアンモニアの排気への拡散性を向上させる。更に、尿素が上流側の触媒10に衝突することによるミキシング効果によって、拡散性を向上させることができる。
以上において、図13に示すように、噴射された添加剤の排気との混合を促進する分散板6を、接続通路部2内に設け、添加剤の排気ガスへの拡散性を更に向上させることができる。
すなわち、触媒10から排気管7(図6、7参照)への接続通路部2において添加剤を排気中に混合・蒸発させる場合に、接続通路部2内に分散板6を配置し、添加剤の排気中への混合を、更に促進させる。接続通路部2内は排気ガスの流速が比較的遅いため、分散板6を配置しても、圧損の発生は小さい。そこで、接続通路部2内で排気と添加剤との混合均一化を完了し、接続通路部2の下流の排気管7の長さを短縮することができる。
また、図14(b)に示すように、接続通路部2を、排気管7(図6、7参照)の排気流れ方向中心軸線が、上流側排気装置の中心軸線と平行でなく、かつ交差しないように形成すると、添加剤の排気ガスへの混合を更に促進することができる。
すなわち、図14(a)では、接続通路部2の上面図において、旋回流E−Eが左右対称に旋回し、排気出口4から流出し、排気管7に流入する配置となっているが、図14(b)のように、排気管7(図6、7参照)の排気流れ方向中心軸線が、接続通路部2の中心を通らないように形成して、接続通路部2内の旋回流E−Eを非対称とし、一方の旋回流Eが接続通路部2内で十分旋回するように構成する。このようにして、上流側の触媒10(図8参照)から排気管7への接続通路部2で発生する強い旋回流への、添加剤のミキシング効果を更に向上させることができる。
以上において、噴射手段3の添加剤の噴射は、添加時の噴射量又は噴射間隔を制御することによって行なうが、従来は、添加剤の噴射制御を、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒20、20’(図6、7参照)の入口の排気ガス温度のみ考慮して行なってきた。しかし、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒20、20’の直前で添加剤が蒸発している場合であっても、噴射手段3直後の排気管7には液膜が生成している可能性があり、添加剤溜りや、すすの堆積の原因となっている。そこで、液膜生成の主要因である、添加剤の付着面積、付着位置の壁温、添加剤の噴射量及び噴射間隔、を考慮して、添加剤の噴射手段3の直後の排気管7に液膜を生成しないように、上流側排気浄化装置1、1’の触媒12、13の床温を上昇させる。
上述の場合、図15に示すように、噴射された添加剤の排気通路2の壁面への付着面積Sは、排気ガス流量Gaや添加位置によって異なるため、噴射された添加剤の到達する壁面の面積と、噴射時の排気ガス流量Gaとに基づき、添加剤の壁面への付着面積Sを求める運転マップを、あらかじめ噴射制御手段に備えておく。
以上による、添加剤の噴射量又は噴射間隔の制御のフローチャートを、図16に示す。すなわち、ステップ100で排気通路2の壁面への添加剤の付着面積Sを決定し、ステップ200で排気通路2の壁面温度を決定する。壁面温度は、排気温センサの検出値から推定することができる。ステップ300で、付着面積Sと壁面温度から、排気管7に液膜を生成しない、添加剤の最低添加間隔を決定し、この添加剤の最低添加間隔から、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒20、20’(図6、7参照)の目標床温Tを逆算する。ステップ400に進み、目標床温Tが、下流側排気浄化装置の触媒20、20’の再生温度以下であれば、ステップ500へ進み、触媒20、20’の再生温度以上になるまで上流側排気浄化装置1、1’の触媒12、13の床温を上昇させ、目標床温Tが、触媒20、20’の再生温度以上となった場合に、ステップ600へ進んで、添加剤の噴射を開始する。
上述の制御において、排気ガス流量Gaが大きい場合には、図17に示すように、添加剤が排気ガス流に衝突して微粒化する現象がある。すなわち、排気管7に液膜を生成しにくくなる。したがって、同一付着面積、同一壁温に対して、排気ガス流量Gaが大きいほど、添加剤の触媒への最低添加間隔が長くなり、上流側排気浄化装置1、1’の触媒12、13の床温が低くても、排気管7に液膜を生成しない。そこで、ステップ300における添加剤の最低添加間隔の決定においては、排気ガス流量Gaに応じて、最低添加間隔の補正を行なうことが好ましい。
ところで、触媒床温は、従来、触媒下流に設置した排気温センサの検出値、すなわち触媒を通過した排気温度から推定していた。しかし、本発明においては、排気温センサを接続通路2内に設置すると、排気温センサに液体の添加剤が付着して誤計測する恐れがあり、また、接続通路2内では添加剤が完全に蒸発していないので、蒸発量がわからない。このため、触媒12、13の触媒床温を精度よく推定することができない。そこで、排気温センサは、接続通路部2よりも下流の排気管7に設置し、添加剤が排気ガス中に完全に蒸発した後の排気温度を測定し、液体の添加剤が完全に気体になった場合の気化潜熱に基づいて、触媒12、13の触媒床温を推定することが好ましい。
この場合、排気管7における排気温センサの設置位置が、接続通路部2から離れすぎると、放熱によって排気温が低下するため、排気温センサの設置位置は、接続通路部2に近いほうが好ましく、一実施例においては、接続通路部2の出口から0mm~150mm下流への設置が良好である。
図18は、接続通路部2内において添加剤を排気ガスに良好に混合する、更なる実施形態を説明したものであり、(a)は、接続通路部2の断面方向から見た図であり、(b)は、接続通路部2の斜め上方から見た斜視図である。すなわち、この実施形態では、添加剤を噴射手段3から、接続通路部2の噴射手段3と対向する壁面の、排気管に向かう曲がり部を狙って噴射する。このようにすると、添加剤が接続通路部2の壁面と広範囲に接触し、添加剤の排気中への混合・蒸発が良好に促進され、有利である。
2 接続通路部
3 添加剤噴射手段
4、4’ 排気出口穴
5 バイパス通路
6 分散板
7 排気管
10 触媒
11 CCo(酸化触媒コンバータ)
12 NSR触媒(NOx吸蔵還元触媒)
13 DPF
20 DPF
20’ SCR装置又はNSR触媒
A 排気流線
B 排気管に直通するガス流れ
C 接続通路部に広がる排気流
D デッドボリューム
E 旋回流
S 燃料投影面積
Claims (9)
- 機関排気通路に設けられた上流側排気浄化装置及び下流側排気浄化装置が、前記上流側排気浄化装置及び前記下流側排気浄化装置よりも断面積が小さい排気管で接続された、内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記上流側排気浄化装置と前記下流側排気浄化装置との間に設けられ、排気中の特定成分と反応する添加剤を排気通路内に噴射する噴射手段と、
前記上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の排気出口と前記排気管とを接続する、接続通路部と、
を備え、
前記接続通路部を、前記上流側排気浄化装置の排気流れ方向中心軸線と、前記排気管の排気流れ方向中心軸線とが、一致しないように形成し、
前記噴射手段を、前記接続通路部に配置し、前記添加剤を、前記接続通路部の対向する壁面に到達するように噴射し、
前記添加剤を、前記排気と混合する、
内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記接続通路部が、前記上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の排気出口断面積から、徐々に通路断面積を縮小する通路部を備える、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記上流側排気浄化装置を迂回し、前記接続通路部において合流するバイパス通路を備え、前記噴射手段が、前記合流部に向けて前記添加物を噴射する、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記下流側排気浄化装置が、尿素添加による選択触媒還元を行なう触媒を備え、前記噴射手段が、前記上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の下端部に向けて前記添加剤を噴射し、前記触媒の下端部に前記添加剤を衝突させる、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 噴射された前記添加剤の前記排気との混合を促進する分散板を、前記接続通路部内に設けた、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記接続通路部を、前記排気管の排気流れ方向中心軸線が、前記上流側排気浄化装置の中心軸線と、平行でなくかつ交差しないように形成した、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記添加剤の添加時の噴射量又は噴射間隔を制御する制御手段を備え、前記制御手段が、噴射された前記添加剤の排気通路壁面への付着面積と、前記壁面の温度又は排気温度とに基づき、噴射された前記添加剤が前記排気管内で液膜を生成しない噴射条件を決定し、前記上流側排気浄化装置の触媒の触媒床温を上昇させる、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記接続通路部の下流の前記排気管内の排気温度を測定する温度センサを備え、前記測定された排気温度を、噴射された前記添加剤の気化潜熱に基づいて補正し、前記上流側排気浄化装置の温度を求める、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記添加剤を、前記接続通路部の対向する壁面の、前記排気管に向かう曲がり部を狙って噴射する、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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JP2013133808A (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
EP2500538B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-16 | 2017-01-11 | Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA | Ensemble compact coudé de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement doté d'un bossage formant mélangeur de réducteur scr |
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DE102012216923B4 (de) * | 2012-09-20 | 2016-01-28 | Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG | Abgasanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
JP6140618B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社デンソー | 触媒装置及び触媒装置の設計方法 |
KR101914396B1 (ko) * | 2014-06-05 | 2018-11-01 | 포레시아 이미션스 컨트롤 테크놀로지스, 유에스에이, 엘엘씨 | 혼합기 조립체를 위한 절연 커버 |
AT516102B1 (de) * | 2014-08-14 | 2017-09-15 | MAN Truck & Bus Österreich AG | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere für ein Nutzfahrzeug |
DE102015212485B4 (de) | 2015-07-03 | 2018-06-14 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Abgastrakt mit gegen eine Strömungsrichtung spritzende Dosiereinrichtung, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Abgastraktes sowie Fahrzeug mit Abgastrakt |
FR3066541B1 (fr) * | 2017-05-16 | 2021-06-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Systeme de post-traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne |
US10787946B2 (en) | 2018-09-19 | 2020-09-29 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc | Heated dosing mixer |
US11208934B2 (en) | 2019-02-25 | 2021-12-28 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Systems and methods for mixing exhaust gas and reductant |
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- 2010-01-08 US US13/141,253 patent/US9145810B2/en active Active
- 2010-01-08 EP EP10729265.8A patent/EP2386736A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-01-08 WO PCT/JP2010/050451 patent/WO2010079847A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-01-08 RU RU2011133207/06A patent/RU2477803C1/ru active
- 2010-01-08 BR BRPI1007165-2A patent/BRPI1007165B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2010-01-08 CN CN201080004167.5A patent/CN102272420B/zh active Active
- 2010-01-08 KR KR1020117015574A patent/KR101331086B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20110094116A (ko) | 2011-08-19 |
JP5163755B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
US20110252772A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
BRPI1007165B1 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
CN102272420A (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
RU2477803C1 (ru) | 2013-03-20 |
KR101331086B1 (ko) | 2013-11-19 |
EP2386736A1 (en) | 2011-11-16 |
US9145810B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
CN102272420B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
JPWO2010079847A1 (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
BRPI1007165A2 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
EP2386736A4 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
RU2011133207A (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
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