WO2010073602A1

WO2010073602A1 - Ac-dc converter

Info

Publication number: WO2010073602A1
Application number: PCT/JP2009/007093
Authority: WO
Inventors: 嶋田尊衛; 塚本創; 叶田玲彦
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2008-12-23
Filing date: 2009-12-22
Publication date: 2010-07-01
Also published as: JP5271691B2; CN102265499A; CN102265499B; JP2010154582A

Abstract

Disclosed is an AC-DC converter equipped with: a hybrid bridge circuit formed with rectifier elements (Ds 1, 2) and main switching elements (Q1, 2); snubbers (C1, 2) and diodes (D1, 2), connected in parallel to each of the aforementioned elements (Q1, 2); an alternating current power supply (V1) connected between alternating current terminals via (Ls1, 2) used for smoothing; and a (Cs) used for smoothing and a direct current load (R1) which are connected in parallel between the direct current terminals of the bridge circuit; and being further equipped with an auxiliary circuit (1), which includes an (Lr) for resonance use between the direct current terminal (N3) and one end (LN1) of the (Cs) used for smoothing and a series-connected body comprised of an auxiliary switching element (Q3) and a (Cr) for resonance use which are connected to the one end, and with a control means that turns on/off the aforementioned (Q1, 2, 3). After the resonance-use (Cr) is charged with a portion of the energy accumulated in the smoothing-use (Ls1, 2), energy accumulates in the resonance-use (Lr), and the charges of snubbers (C1, 2) are discharged with this energy to achieve zero-voltage switching of MOSFETs Q1-3.

Description

AC-DC converter

The present invention relates to an AC-DC converter having a zero voltage switching function.

A conventional AC-DC converter is composed of a rectifier circuit composed of a diode bridge, and a power factor correction circuit composed of a switching element, a smoothing reactor, a diode, and a smoothing capacitor, and rectifies AC power and converts it into DC. However, the conduction loss due to the current flowing through the diode bridge used in the rectifier circuit and the switching loss due to switching in the state where the voltage is applied to the switching element of the power factor correction circuit are large, and the efficiency is poor.

Therefore, a bridgeless (mixed bridge) type AC-DC converter that improves the efficiency by reducing the conduction loss of the diode bridge is disclosed in Patent Document 1, and the AC-DC converter that reduces the switching loss and improves the efficiency. Are disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, respectively.

In the mixed bridge type AC-DC converter disclosed in Patent Document 1, two diodes are changed to switching elements in order to reduce conduction loss of the diodes. A smoothing reactor connected between the AC power supply and the AC terminal of the bridge circuit and a smoothing capacitor connected between the DC terminals of the bridge circuit are provided.

Further, Non-Patent Document 1 includes an auxiliary circuit including a switching element, a reactor, and a diode in order to reduce switching loss. This auxiliary circuit realizes zero voltage switching that turns on and off the switching element when the voltage applied to the switching element is approximately zero, and reduces switching loss.

Patent Documents

2 and 3 also disclose mixed bridge type AC-DC converters as in Patent Document 1.

Patent Documents

4 and 5 also disclose AC-DC converters that improve efficiency.

Special table 2007-527687 JP 2002-51563 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-337034 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-84684 JP 2000-217364 A

The mixed bridge type AC-DC converter of Patent Document 1 can reduce the conduction loss of the diode bridge. However, the switching loss is large.

The auxiliary circuit of Non-Patent Document 1 can realize zero voltage switching and reduce switching loss. However, the conduction loss of the diode bridge is large.

Therefore, when the techniques of Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 are used in combination, both conduction loss and switching loss can be reduced. However, the same number of switching elements as that of the switching elements, that is, two auxiliary circuits are required, which causes circuit complexity and cost increase.

In the AC-DC converter of Non-Patent Document 1, the switching element of the auxiliary circuit cannot perform zero voltage switching, and the switching loss of the switching element of the auxiliary circuit is large.

As described above, in order to reduce both the conduction loss and the switching loss in the conventional AC-DC converter, the circuit may be complicated and the cost may be increased.

An object of the present invention is to provide an AC-DC converter that realizes zero voltage switching with all the switching elements with one auxiliary circuit configured with a relatively small number of elements.

Also, another object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient AC-DC converter that reduces both conduction loss and switching loss.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an AC-DC converter that realizes zero voltage switching by relatively simple switching control of a switching element.

In one aspect of the present invention, a converter main switching circuit formed by connecting two upper and lower arms each having a rectifying element and a main switching element connected in series, connected in parallel to each of the main switching elements. Snubber capacitors, diodes and / or body diodes connected in reverse parallel to the main switching elements, and connected between the series connection points of the two upper and lower arms, which are AC terminals of the converter, are connected via a smoothing reactor. In an AC-DC converter provided with a smoothing capacitor and a DC load connected in parallel between both ends of the AC power source and the main switching circuit which is a DC terminal of the converter, one DC terminal of the main switching circuit And one end of the smoothing capacitor. A series connection body of an auxiliary switching element and a resonance capacitor connected to one end of the resonance reactor, an auxiliary circuit including the auxiliary switching element, the resonance reactor, and the resonance capacitor; Control means for turning on and off the switching element and the auxiliary switching element is provided.

In another aspect of the present invention, the first and second main switching elements, the first and second rectifying elements, the first rectifying element, and the first main switching element are connected in series. Upper and lower arms, a second upper and lower arm in which the second rectifying element and the second main switching element are connected in series, a main switching circuit in which the first and second upper and lower arms are connected in parallel, A smoothing reactor connected between a series connection point of the main switching elements and rectifying elements of the first and second upper and lower arms and an AC power source, and connected between both ends of the main switching circuit and in parallel with a DC load A connected smoothing capacitor; a snubber capacitor connected in parallel to each of the main switching elements; and a diode and / or body die connected in antiparallel to each of the main switching elements. In the AC-DC converter, the resonance reactor inserted between one end of the main switching circuit and one end of the smoothing capacitor, and the resonance A series connection body of an auxiliary switching element and a resonance capacitor connected to one end of the reactor, an auxiliary circuit including the auxiliary switching element, the resonance reactor, and the resonance capacitor; Control means for turning on and off the main switching element and the auxiliary switching element is provided.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary circuit includes a snubber capacitor in which a series connection body of the auxiliary switching element and the resonance capacitor is connected in parallel to the resonance reactor, and the auxiliary switching element is connected in parallel. And a diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to the auxiliary switching element.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary circuit includes the auxiliary switching element connected between one end of the main switching circuit, a connection point of the resonance reactor, and the other end of the main switching circuit. And the resonance capacitor, a snubber capacitor connected in parallel to the auxiliary switching element, and a diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to the auxiliary switching element.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control means accumulates the energy of the AC power source in the smoothing reactor, accumulates the energy released by the smoothing reactor in the resonance capacitor, and The energy released by the capacitor is stored in the resonance reactor via the auxiliary switching element, and the energy stored in the resonance reactor is used to turn on the main switching element before the main switching element is turned on. The electric charge stored in the snubber capacitors connected in parallel is extracted.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an AC-DC converter that performs zero voltage switching of all switching elements with one auxiliary circuit having one switching element.

Further, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an AC-DC converter that uses a main switching element and an auxiliary switching element and performs zero voltage switching with relatively simple switching control.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly efficient AC-DC converter that reduces both conduction loss and switching loss.

Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an AC-DC converter that can perform zero voltage switching both on and off of the auxiliary switching element.

Other objects and features of the present invention will be clarified in the embodiments described below.

1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an AC-DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory circuit diagram of the AC-DC converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an operation explanatory circuit diagram of the AC-DC converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a basic waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the AC-DC converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory circuit diagram of the AC-DC converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the operation of the AC-DC converter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The circuit block diagram of the AC-DC converter by Example 2 of this invention. The circuit block diagram of the AC-DC converter by Example 3 of this invention. FIG. 6 is a circuit configuration diagram of an AC-DC converter according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power supply system of a plug-in hybrid vehicle employing an AC-DC converter according to the present invention. The schematic block diagram of the power supply device of the storage apparatus which employ | adopted the AC-DC converter by this invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the first embodiment, description will be made using a MOSFET as a switching element. Further, a voltage equivalent to or lower than the forward voltage drop of the switching element or diode in the on state is referred to as zero voltage.

FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of an AC-DC converter according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Each of the two upper and lower arms in which the rectifying element Ds1 or Ds2 and the main switching element Q1 or Q2 are connected in series is connected in parallel to form a main switching circuit of the converter. Snubber capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel to these main switching elements, respectively. In addition, a diode and / or body diodes D1 and D2 are connected to each main switching element in antiparallel.

AC power supply V1 is connected between the series connection points of two sets of upper and lower arms, which are AC terminals of the converter, via smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2. Further, a smoothing capacitor Cs and a DC load R1 are connected in parallel between both ends of the main switching circuit which is a DC terminal of the converter, that is, between the positive bus LN1 and the negative bus LN0.

The AC-DC converter 10 includes, as circuit elements of the auxiliary circuit 1, in addition to the first and second switching elements (MOSFETs) Q1 and Q2 of the main switching circuit, a third (auxiliary) switching element (MOSFET) Q3. It has. In addition, as a circuit element of the auxiliary circuit 1, a resonance reactor Lr and a resonance capacitor Cr are provided, and the auxiliary switching element Q3 is also provided with a snubber capacitor C3 and a diode and / or a body diode in antiparallel. .

The outputs of the

voltage sensors

3 and 4 and the

current sensors

5 and 6 are input to the control means 2 that controls each switching element. For example, in the case of the shunt resistance method, one end of the

current sensors

5 and 6 is connected to the negative bus LN0, and the other end of the

current sensors

5 and 6 is connected to the source terminals of the MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, respectively.

A connection point between the MOSFET Q1 and the rectifying diode Ds1 is a node N1, and a connection point between the MOSFET Q2 and the rectifying diode Ds2 is a node N2. A smoothing reactor Ls1 is connected between AC power supply V1 and node N1, and a smoothing reactor Ls2 is connected between AC power supply V1 and node N2. A connection point of the cathodes of the rectifying diodes Ds1 and Ds2 is a node N3. Resonance reactor Lr is connected between node N3 and positive bus LN1, and a connection point between positive bus LN1 and resonance reactor Lr is node N4.

The MOSFET Q3 and the resonance capacitor Cr are connected in series, and the source terminal of the MOSFET Q3 is connected between the node N3 and the node N4 so as to face the node N3. The resonance reactor Lr, the resonance capacitor Cr, and the MOSFET Q3 Auxiliary circuit 1 is constituted by the above.

(Explanation of circuit operation)
Prior to the detailed description of the operation, symbols representing current and voltage are defined in the circuit diagram of FIG. First, drain-source voltages VQ1 to VQ3 of MOSFETs Q1 to Q3 are positive on the drain side. Further, the combined currents IQD1 to IQD3 flowing in the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3 and the diodes D1 to D3 connected in parallel respectively have a positive direction from the drain to the source of the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3. Furthermore, the voltage of AC power supply V1 is used as an input voltage, and the current flowing through smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 is used as an input current.

The current ICr flowing through the resonance capacitor Cr is positive when the forward current flows through the diode D3. The current ILs1 flowing through the smoothing reactor Ls1 has a positive direction flowing from the AC power supply V1 to the node N1, and the current ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactor Ls2 has a positive direction flowing from the node N2 to the AC power supply V1. The current ILr flowing through the resonance reactor Lr is positive in the direction flowing from the cathodes of the rectifying diodes Ds1 and Ds2 to the smoothing capacitor Cs.

(Period in which the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive)
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are circuit diagrams for explaining the operation when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive. In this circuit, the MOSFET Q2 is always on. FIG. 4 is a voltage / current waveform diagram illustrating the operation.

Hereinafter, the operation in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3I correspond to modes A to I shown in FIG.

(Mode A)
First, in mode A, MOSFET Q1 is on and MOSFET Q3 is off. The voltage of the AC power supply V1 is applied to the smoothing reactors Ls1, Ls2, and a current flows through the AC power supply V1, the smoothing reactor Ls1, the MOSFET Q1, the MOSFET Q2, and the smoothing reactor Ls2. The currents ILs1 and ILs2 of the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 gradually increase, and the energy of the AC power supply V1 is accumulated in the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2. At this time, the snubber capacitor C3 and the resonance capacitor Cr are charged with the polarity shown in FIG.

(Mode B)
Thereafter, when MOSFET Q1 is turned off at time t1, voltage VQ1 of snubber capacitor C1 connected in parallel to MOSFET Q1 gradually increases from zero voltage. Therefore, MOSFET Q1 is zero-voltage switched at time t1. The rectifier diode Ds1 is reverse-biased, and the currents ILs1 and ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 flow to the snubber capacitor C1.

(Mode C)
After that, when the voltage VQ1 increases and the rectifier diode Ds1 is forward-biased at time t2, the rectifier diode Ds1 becomes conductive and enters the mode C. The currents ILs1 and ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 flow into the snubber capacitor C3 and the resonance capacitor Cr. At this time, the snubber capacitor C3 discharges the accumulated charge, and the voltage VQ3 decreases. When the voltage VQ3 becomes zero voltage, the diode D3 becomes conductive. Here, the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr is applied to the resonance reactor Lr, and a current gradually flows to the resonance reactor Lr. Therefore, the currents ILs1 and ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 are divided into the resonance reactor Lr and the path of the diode D3-resonance capacitor Cr, and then merged and supplied to the output side. Further, part of the energy stored in the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 is stored in the resonance capacitor Cr, and the currents ILs1 and ILs2 decrease.

(Mode D)
Thereafter, MOSFET Q3 is turned on at time t3. At this time, since the voltage VQ3 is a zero voltage, the MOSFET Q3 is switched to a zero voltage and becomes a mode D. Similarly to mode C, the currents ILs1 and ILs2 of the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 are divided into the resonance reactor Lr and the MOSFET Q3-resonance capacitor Cr path, and then merged and supplied to the output side. Further, like the mode C, the currents ILs1 and ILs2 decrease.

(Mode E)
Thereafter, charging of the resonance capacitor Cr is completed at time t4, and the mode E is entered. The currents ILs1 and ILs2 of the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 flow through the resonance reactor Lr to the output side, and the currents ILs1 and ILs2 decrease. Subsequently, the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr is applied to the resonance reactor Lr. The electric charge of the resonance capacitor Cr is discharged through the MOSFET Q3 and the resonance reactor Lr, and the energy of the resonance capacitor Cr is accumulated in the resonance reactor Lr.

(Mode F)
Thereafter, when the MOSFET Q3 is turned off at time t5, the mode F is entered. At this time, since the snubber capacitor C3 connected in parallel to the MOSFET Q3 gradually increases from the zero voltage, the MOSFET Q3 is zero-voltage switched. As the voltage VQ3 increases, the voltage VQ1 of the MOSFET Q1 decreases and the charge accumulated in the snubber capacitor C1 is discharged. Further, the currents ILs1 and ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 flow into the resonance reactor Lr, the energy accumulated in the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 is supplied to the output side, and the currents ILs1 and ILs2 gradually decrease. .

(Mode G)
Thereafter, when the voltage VQ1 becomes zero voltage at time t6, the diode D1 becomes conductive and the mode G is entered. Further, the charging of the snubber capacitor C3 is completed, and the current that has been flowing through the resonance capacitor Cr in mode F flows to the output side. The current flowing through the diode D1 merges with the currents ILs1 and ILs2 flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2, flows through the resonance reactor Lr, and flows to the output side. The energy accumulated in the resonance reactor Lr is supplied to the smoothing capacitor Cs, and the current ILr gradually decreases. Along with this, the conduction current of the diode D1 also decreases.

(Mode H)
Thereafter, MOSFET Q1 is turned on at time t7. At this time, since the voltage VQ1 is already zero, the MOSFET Q1 is zero-voltage switched and enters the mode H state. As in the mode G, the energy stored in the resonance reactor Lr is supplied to the smoothing capacitor Cs, and the current ILr gradually decreases. Along with this, the conduction current of the diode D1 also decreases.

(Mode I)
Thereafter, at time t8, no current flows through the diode D1, the current IQD1 of the MOSFET Q1 changes from negative to positive, and mode I is set. Further, since the resonance reactor Lr supplies energy to the smoothing capacitor Cs, the current ILr decreases.

(To the initial mode)
Thereafter, when the current ILr of the resonance reactor Lr reaches zero, the state returns to the mode A state. At this time, the resonance current flows through the resonance capacitor Cr, the snubber capacitor C3, and the resonance reactor Lr, and the waveform may vibrate.

When the MOSFET Q2 is fixed to the ON state, the current flowing through the diode D2 is shunted to the MOSFET Q2, and the conduction loss can be reduced. The operation of turning on the MOSFET and diverting the current flowing through the body diode to the MOSFET and reducing the conduction loss is called synchronous rectification.

(Period in which the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative)
When the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative, the current flows as shown in FIGS. When the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive, the smoothing reactor Ls1, the MOSFET Q1, the diode D2, and the smoothing reactor Ls2 flow in this order. On the other hand, during the period when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative, the current flows in the order of the smoothing reactor Ls2, the MOSFET Q2, the diode D1, and the smoothing reactor Ls1. The switching element that performs the switching operation is switched from the MOSFET Q1 to the MOSFET Q2, and performs the same circuit operation as when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive.

As described above, AC-DC converter 10 has a period in which MOSFETs Q1 and Q3 are turned off when currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive, and MOSFETs Q2 and Q3 are turned off when currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative. It is provided and alternately turned on and off. By providing such control means 2, zero voltage switching can be easily realized in all the switching elements. Further, by providing the control means 2 for controlling the MOSFET Q2 when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive and controlling the MOSFET Q1 when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative, and providing the synchronous rectification, the conduction loss can be reduced.

On the other hand, the MOSFET Q1 and the MOSFET Q2 may be turned on and off in synchronization with each other regardless of whether the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive or negative. In this case, MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 can be controlled relatively easily.

By detecting the output voltage with the voltage sensor 4 and inputting it to the control means 2, the ratio between the on time and the off time of the MOSFETs Q1, Q2 and MOSFET Q3 is controlled to easily control the output voltage to a constant voltage. Can do. Further, the voltage of the AC power supply V1 is detected by the voltage sensor 3, and the input current is detected by the current sensor 6 connected to the source terminal of the MOSFET Q2 while the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are positive. On the other hand, during periods when the currents ILs1 and ILs2 are negative, the input current can be easily detected by the current sensor 5 provided on the source side of the MOSFET Q1 to improve the power factor.

Also, when the input voltage decreases, the voltage applied between the drain and source of MOSFETs Q1 to Q3 may increase. For this reason, a switching element having a high allowable applied voltage is required, which may lead to an increase in cost.

The voltage applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3 is the sum of the voltage of the smoothing capacitor Cs and the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr. When the output voltage is controlled to be constant, the voltage of the smoothing capacitor Cs is constant. Therefore, in order to reduce the voltage applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3, it is necessary to reduce the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr.

The voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr varies depending on the value of the resonance reactor Lr, the length of the mode C to mode E, and the amount of change in the current ILr of the resonance reactor Lr that increases during this period. When the input voltage decreases, the input current increases, the amount of change in the current ILr increases, and the period from mode C to mode E is shortened, and the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr increases. Moreover, since the amount of change in the current ILr increases as the output power increases, the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr increases. On the other hand, when the switching frequency is lowered, the period from mode C to mode E becomes longer, and the voltage of the resonance capacitor Cr decreases.

Therefore, when the input voltage decreases or the output power increases, the switching frequency is lowered, and when the input voltage increases or the output power decreases, the switching frequency is increased. By performing such an operation, it is possible to prevent an excessive voltage from being applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3.

Also, when the input current increases, the switching frequency is decreased, and when the input current decreases, the switching frequency is increased. If such an operation is performed by detecting the input current, it is possible to prevent an excessive voltage from being applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 to Q3 without detecting the input voltage or the output voltage.

However, when the switching frequency decreases, the input current ripple may increase. When the ripple of the input current increases, it may cause a problem. Therefore, the voltage applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 may not be sufficiently reduced only by reducing the switching frequency. In this case, by turning on the MOSFET Q3 before shifting from mode A to mode B, the voltage applied between the drain and source of the MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 can be further reduced. When MOSFET Q3 is turned on before shifting from mode A to mode B, the energy stored in resonance capacitor Cr is supplied to resonance reactor Lr, and current ILr can be allowed to flow to some extent in advance. As a result, the amount of change in current ILr during the period from mode C to mode E can be suppressed, so that the voltage applied to the drain-source voltage of MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 can be reduced. In this case, a switching loss occurs because the MOSFET Q3 is turned on in a state where electric charge is accumulated in the snubber capacitor C3. At this time, only a voltage equivalent to the resonance capacitor Cr is applied to the snubber capacitor C3. This loss is not significant.

In this embodiment, when the instantaneous value of the input voltage is low or when the output power is low, there may be a case where the zero voltage switching cannot be sufficiently performed. In such a case, the loss can be reduced by stopping the on / off of the MOSFET Q3 and keeping it in the on state or the off state.

Further, as a method other than changing the switching frequency, it is possible to prevent an excessive voltage from being applied by reducing the value of Lr by switching using a relay or the like. However, if the switching frequency is changed, a relay or the like becomes unnecessary.

In the present embodiment, the third switching element Q3 uses a MOSFET, but the body diode connected in parallel to the MOSFET may have poor reverse recovery characteristics, and the body diode may not function well as a diode. In that case, the operation of the first embodiment can be maintained by changing the MOSFET to another type of switching element such as an IGBT.

In Example 1, the smoothing reactor may be changed from two to one. In this case, one smoothing reactor can be deleted, and the part cost can be reduced. Further, the connection location may be either the connection location of the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2.

FIG. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of an AC-DC converter according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The AC-DC converter 11 has a configuration in which one end of the resonance capacitor Cr connected to the positive bus LN1 is disconnected and connected to the negative bus LN0 in the AC-DC converter 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. .

The circuit operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the operation of sending the energy of the AC power supply V1 to the DC load R1 and the zero voltage switching operation are possible.

When the circuit configuration of the second embodiment is employed, the degree of freedom of layout on the substrate may be increased as compared with the first embodiment and the size may be reduced.

FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram of the AC-DC converter 20 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The AC-DC converter 20 according to the third embodiment has a configuration in which the AC-DC converter 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is changed from a single-phase AC power source to a three-phase AC power source.

8, the difference from the first embodiment is that the AC power supply V1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is changed to a three-phase AC power supply V2, and a smoothing reactor Ls0, a rectifying diode Ds0, a MOSFET Q0, and a current sensor are changed. 15 and voltage sensors 13, 14, and 16 are added. Further, a diode and / or a body diode D0 of the MOSFET is connected between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q0 so that a current flows from the source to the drain. A snubber capacitor C0 is connected between the drain and source of the MOSFET Q0.

A connection point between the rectifying diode Ds0 and the MOSFET Q0 is a node N0. A smoothing reactor Ls1 is connected between the U phase of the three-phase AC power supply V2 and the node N1, and a smoothing reactor Ls2 is connected between the V phase of the three-phase AC power supply V2 and the node N2. A smoothing reactor Ls0 is connected between the W phase of V2 and the node N0.

The one end of the current sensor 15 is connected to the negative bus LN0, and the other end of the current sensor 15 is connected to the drain terminal of the MOSFET Q0. The cathode of the rectifying diode Ds0 is connected to the node N3.

The circuit operation in the third embodiment will be described. At this time, it is assumed that the voltage of each phase of the three-phase AC power supply V2 is high in the U phase and the V phase as viewed from the W phase. The current flowing in the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase is positive in the direction flowing from the three-phase AC power supply V2 to the nodes N0, N1, and N2.

The basic circuit operation is the same as that of the first embodiment. As a different point, MOSFET Q1 is connected to the U phase of the three-phase AC power supply V2, MOSFET Q2 is connected to the V phase, and MOSFET Q0 is connected to the W phase. In a voltage state where the U phase and the V phase are high as viewed from the W phase, a positive current flows in the U phase and the V phase. When the MOSFETs Q1, Q2, and Q0 are in the on state, the currents flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 pass through the MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, and then merge and flow to the MOSFET Q0. When the MOSFETs Q1, Q2, and Q0 are in an off state, the currents flowing through the smoothing reactors Ls1 and Ls2 merge through the rectifying diodes Ds1 and Ds2. Then, the resonant reactor Lr, the snubber capacitor C3 or diode D3 of the MOSFET Q3, and the resonant capacitor Cr are shunted, and then merged again and flow to the output side.

In the first embodiment, the MOSFETs Q1 and Q2 are alternately switched depending on the polarity of the single-phase AC voltage V1, but in this third embodiment, any two of the MOSFETs Q1, Q2 and Q0 and the MOSFET Q3 are controlled depending on the input voltage. Then, by providing a control means for alternately turning on and off the MOSFET Q3 and the MOSFET Q3 connected to the phase in which the positive current is flowing, the auxiliary circuit remains as one, and all the switching elements Zero voltage switching is easily realized. Also in the third embodiment, the conduction loss can be reduced by synchronous rectification as in the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration diagram of an AC-DC converter 30 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the AC-DC converter 30, the MOSFET of the AC-DC converter 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is changed to an IGBT, and the rectifying diodes Ds1, Ds2 are changed to switching elements (IGBTs) Q11, Q12. Diodes D11 and D12 are connected between the collectors and emitters of IGBTs Q11 and Q12 so that current flows from the emitter terminal to the collector terminal, respectively. Further, snubber capacitors C11 and C12 are connected between the collectors and emitters of the IGBTs Q11 and Q12, and a DC power source V3 is connected in parallel to the DC load R1.

This Example 4 enables bidirectional power conversion operation of the operation of sending the energy of the AC power supply V1 to the DC power supply V3 and the operation of sending the energy of the DC power supply V3 to the AC power supply V1. That is, it has a function of AC-DC conversion that converts alternating current of the AC power supply V1 into direct current of the DC power supply V3 and DC-AC conversion that converts direct current of the DC power supply V3 into alternating current of the AC power supply V1.

In the fourth embodiment, zero voltage switching can be performed in the same way as in the first embodiment in both directions of transmitting energy from the AC power source V1 to the DC power source V3 or from the DC power source V3 to the AC power source V1.

In the operation of sending energy from the AC power supply V1 to the DC power supply V3, zero voltage switching can be performed as in the first embodiment.

When energy is sent from the DC power supply V3 to the AC power supply V1, for example, the following operation is performed. In a period in which current flows from the smoothing reactor Ls1 to the AC power supply V1, the IGBTQ12 and the IGBTQ2 are complementarily turned on and off while the IGBTQ11 is kept on. On the other hand, during a period in which current flows from smoothing reactor Ls2 to AC power supply V1, IGBTQ11 and IGBTQ1 are complementarily turned on and off while IGBTQ12 is kept on.

When both IGBTQ11 and IGBTQ2 are on, and when both IGBTQ12 and IGBTQ1 are on, MOSFET Q3 is turned off, and at other times, MOSFET Q3 is turned on. Of course, a dead time is provided so that the MOSFET Q3 is not turned on when both the IGBT Q11 and the IGBT Q2 are turned on or when both the IGBT Q12 and the IGBT Q1 are turned on.

If operated in this way, the MOSFET Q3 is turned off to bring the collector-emitter between the IGBTs Q1 and Q2 to zero voltage. If the IGBTs Q1 and Q2 are turned on at this time, zero voltage switching is performed.

Thus, in the AC-DC converter 30 of the fourth embodiment, zero voltage switching can be performed in both the AC-DC conversion and the DC-AC conversion operations.

In the AC-DC converter 30 of the fourth embodiment, the circuit can be reduced in size by using a switching module including a plurality of switching elements.

Moreover, when the AC-DC converter 30 of the fourth embodiment is applied, the efficiency of the solar power generation system and UPS can be improved.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power supply system for a plug-in hybrid vehicle employing the AC-DC converter 10 according to the present invention. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected between the DC-DC converter 102 connected to the power storage battery 103 and the AC power supply 101. Note that the AC-DC converter 10 and the DC-DC converter 102 may be mounted on a vehicle or installed on the ground.

According to this embodiment, by using the AC-DC converter 10 according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency and reduce the size of the power supply circuit, reduce the carbon dioxide emission, reduce the cost of the power supply device, and the running cost. Can be reduced.

FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power supply apparatus for an information storage apparatus that employs an AC-DC converter 10 according to the present invention. The AC-DC converter 10 is connected between the DC-DC converter 105 connected to the controller 106, the hard disk 107, and the memory 108 and the AC power supply 104. The AC-DC converter 10 converts AC power into DC power, and the DC-DC converter 105 converts the AC power into voltages required for the controller 106, the hard disk 107, and the memory 108, and supplies power.

According to the sixth embodiment, by using the AC-DC converter 10 according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency and reduce the size of the power supply circuit, thereby reducing the carbon dioxide emission amount, the cost reduction of the power supply device, and the consumption. Electric power can be reduced.

As described above, MOSFETs and IGBTs have been described as examples of switching elements, but other elements can of course be used. In addition, if a SiC device is used as a diode or a switching element, the present invention can be applied to an AC-DC converter that requires a large amount of power or an AC-DC converter that operates at a high temperature, and the efficiency is similarly improved. be able to.

10, 11, 20, 30 ... AC-DC converter, 1 ... auxiliary circuit, 2, 12, 22 ... control means, 3, 4, 13, 14, 16 ... voltage sensor, 5, 6, 15 ... current sensor, V1 ... AC power supply, V2 ... 3-phase AC power supply, V3 ... DC power supply, R1 ... DC load, LN0 ... Output negative bus, LN1 ... Output positive bus, N0 to N4 ... Node, Ls0, Ls1, Ls2 ... Smoothing reactor, Cs ... smoothing capacitors, Ds0, Ds1, Ds2 ... rectifying diodes, Q0, Q1, Q2, Q11, Q12 ... switching elements, Lr ... resonant reactors, Cr ... resonant capacitors, C0, C1, C2, C11, C12 ... Snubber capacitors, D0, D1, D2, D11, D12 ... diodes.

Claims

A main switching circuit of a converter formed by connecting in parallel two sets of upper and lower arms, each of which has a rectifying element and a main switching element connected in series;
A snubber capacitor connected in parallel to each of the main switching elements,
A diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to each of the main switching elements,
Between the series connection points of the two sets of upper and lower arms that are AC terminals of the converter, between the AC power source connected via a smoothing reactor, and between both ends of the main switching circuit that is the DC terminal of the converter, In an AC-DC converter having a smoothing capacitor and a DC load connected in parallel,
A resonant reactor inserted between one DC terminal of the main switching circuit and one end of the smoothing capacitor;
A series connection body of an auxiliary switching element and a resonance capacitor connected to one end of the resonance reactor,
An AC-DC converter comprising: an auxiliary circuit including the auxiliary switching element, the resonance reactor, and the resonance capacitor; and control means for turning on and off each of the main switching elements and the auxiliary switching elements.
First and second main switching elements; first and second rectifying elements; a first upper and lower arm in which the first rectifying element and the first main switching element are connected in series; and the second A second upper and lower arm in which the rectifying element and the second main switching element are connected in series, a main switching circuit in which the first and second upper and lower arms are connected in parallel, and the first and second upper and lower arms A smoothing reactor connected between a series connection point of each main switching element and the rectifying element and an AC power supply, a smoothing capacitor connected between both ends of the main switching circuit and connected in parallel to a DC load, and The AC power supply comprising: a snubber capacitor connected in parallel to each main switching element; and a diode and / or a body diode connected in antiparallel to each main switching element. In the AC-DC converter for supplying energy to the DC load, a resonance reactor inserted between one end of the main switching circuit and one end of the smoothing capacitor, and an auxiliary connected to one end of the resonance reactor A series connection body of a switching element and a resonance capacitor, an auxiliary circuit including the auxiliary switching element, the resonance reactor, and the resonance capacitor; the first and second main switching elements; and the auxiliary switching element; And an AC-DC converter characterized by comprising control means for turning on and off.
The auxiliary circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary circuit has a series connection body of the auxiliary switching element and the resonance capacitor connected in parallel to the resonance reactor, and a snubber capacitor connected in parallel to the auxiliary switching element; An AC-DC converter comprising a diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to the auxiliary switching element.
3. The auxiliary circuit according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary circuit includes the auxiliary switching element connected between one end of the main switching circuit, a connection point of the resonance reactor, and the other end of the main switching circuit. An AC-DC converter comprising: a series connection body with a capacitor; a snubber capacitor connected in parallel to the auxiliary switching element; and a diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to the auxiliary switching element.
2. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit accumulates the energy of the AC power source in the smoothing reactor, accumulates the energy released by the smoothing reactor in the resonance capacitor, and stores the energy released by the resonance capacitor. The snubber is connected to the main switching element in parallel before the main switching element is turned on using the energy stored in the resonance reactor via the auxiliary switching element and the energy stored in the resonance reactor. An AC-DC converter characterized in that the electric charge stored in the capacitor is extracted.
2. The period according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to turn off the other of the main switching elements and the auxiliary switching element in a state where one of the main switching elements is fixed on in a half cycle of the AC power supply. An AC-DC converter characterized by being configured to be alternately turned on / off with a pinch interposed therebetween.
3. The control unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit turns on / off the two main switching elements in synchronization and alternately turns on one of them and the auxiliary switching element with a period during which both of the auxiliary switching elements are turned off. An AC-DC converter characterized by being configured to be turned off.
3. The auxiliary switching element according to claim 1, wherein the control means is configured such that when the two main switching elements are first turned on from the state where the two main switching elements are turned on and the auxiliary switching element is turned off, Then turn off the two main switching elements when the auxiliary switching element is on, and then turn off the auxiliary switching element when the two main switching elements are off, and finally When the auxiliary switching element is in the off state, the two main switching elements are turned on, and the switching operation for returning the two main switching elements to the on state and the auxiliary switching element to the off state is repeated. AC-DC converter.
2. The first voltage sensor for detecting a voltage of the smoothing capacitor and a current sensor for detecting an input current flowing through the smoothing reactor according to claim 1, wherein the control means includes the two main switching elements and the An AC-DC converter comprising PWM control for controlling a ratio between an on period and an off period of an auxiliary switching element and power factor improvement control for controlling the input current in a sine wave form.
2. The control means according to claim 1, wherein the control means lowers the switching frequency of the two main switching elements and the auxiliary switching element when the voltage of the AC power supply decreases and when the voltage of the AC power supply increases. An AC-DC converter characterized by being raised.
2. The control means according to claim 1, wherein the switching frequency of the two main switching elements and the auxiliary switching element is decreased when the input current is increased and is increased when the input current is decreased. AC-DC converter characterized by the above.
A main switching circuit of a converter formed by connecting three sets of upper and lower arms, each of which is a series connection of a rectifying element and a main switching element, in parallel;
A snubber capacitor connected in parallel to each of the main switching elements,
A diode and / or a body diode connected in reverse parallel to each of the main switching elements,
Between series connection points in three sets of the upper and lower arms that are AC terminals of the converter, between an AC power source connected via a smoothing reactor, and between both ends of the main switching circuit that is a DC terminal of the converter, In an AC-DC converter having a smoothing capacitor and a DC load connected in parallel,
A resonant reactor inserted between one DC terminal of the main switching circuit and one end of the smoothing capacitor;
A series connection body of an auxiliary switching element and a resonance capacitor connected to one end of the resonance reactor,
An AC comprising: an auxiliary circuit including the auxiliary switching element, the resonance reactor, and the resonance capacitor; and control means for turning on / off the three main switching elements and the auxiliary switching element. -DC converter.
13. The auxiliary switching element according to claim 12, wherein energy of the AC power source is stored in the smoothing reactor, energy released by the smoothing reactor is stored in the resonance capacitor, and energy released by the resonance capacitor is stored in the auxiliary switching element. Is stored in the snubber capacitor connected in parallel to the main switching element immediately before the main switching element is turned on using the energy stored in the resonance reactor. An AC-DC converter characterized in that it is configured to draw out the charged charges.
2. The AC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the rectifying element is changed to a switching element, a DC power source is connected in parallel with the smoothing capacitor, and bidirectional power conversion is performed.