WO2010072622A1 - Commutateur à plots destiné à des transformateurs moyenne/basse tension - Google Patents

Commutateur à plots destiné à des transformateurs moyenne/basse tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010072622A1
WO2010072622A1 PCT/EP2009/067198 EP2009067198W WO2010072622A1 WO 2010072622 A1 WO2010072622 A1 WO 2010072622A1 EP 2009067198 W EP2009067198 W EP 2009067198W WO 2010072622 A1 WO2010072622 A1 WO 2010072622A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching
switching element
tap changer
semiconductor switch
changer according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/067198
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerd Griepentrog
Reinhard Maier
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2010072622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010072622A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer for medium-low voltage transformers.
  • Transformers use high-voltage and medium-voltage tap changers.
  • the tap changer compensates for the voltage fluctuations that occur during load changes by changing the transmission ratio.
  • at least one of the windings of the transformer is provided with a series of taps, which can be electrically connected by a selector mechanism.
  • a diverter switch is provided, which makes the switching between two selector positions without interruption even under load.
  • Winding short circuit is avoided by briefly forcing current flow through resistors.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a tap changer for medium-low voltage transformers, which is particularly simple.
  • the tap changer for medium-low-voltage transformers has a first partial winding and at least one second partial winding. Furthermore, it comprises at least one switching element for switching the electrical connection of a middle terminal to one of at least two terminals, wherein the terminals are at least partially connected to the first or second partial winding. Finally, it has at least one semiconductor switch, which is electrically connected on the input side to the middle connection of the switching element and on the output side to one of the connections.
  • the tap changer contains a control device that automatically performs a control of the load switching.
  • the control device expediently means that allow detection when a switch should occur.
  • these may be means for determining voltage and / or current on the input or output side. This determines whether a changeover is necessary, for example by detecting the corresponding slight decrease in the output voltage when the load on the output side is higher.
  • the control of the load switching can be made from outside the tap changer.
  • the tap changer expedient means on which allow external control. This can be an indirect, for example, digital remote control, which is implemented in the tap changer by a control device in the actual control of the switch. It may also be a direct, analog control from the outside, which if necessary. Even without an internal control device can be done, for example, by directly applying an actuator of the switching element from the outside with electricity.
  • first and second partial windings may also be separate windings which are arranged in proximity to each other such that they form the transformer with another winding.
  • a different electrical connection is necessary than with a single continuous winding. In this case, preferably two switching elements are used.
  • means are provided for determining a value representing the switching state of the switching element. This means that it is preferably possible to determine via the means whether the switch is currently closed, that is to say it connects its middle connection to one of the connections or whether it is currently open. Such means are in a preferred embodiment means for determining the voltage between the center terminal and one of the terminals, in particular with each of the terminals. If it is possible to determine the voltage between the center connection and each of the connections, it can be determined, for example, with which of the connections the switching element is currently establishing a connection or whether it is currently open. Thus, it can be completely determined when and how the switching element switches. Alternatively, a current measurement or a mechanical or optical measurement could be used.
  • the switching element can be selected taltet be even to provide an example representing electrical value over its switching state. It is particularly advantageous here that a contact bouncing does not cause a light arc with corresponding wear of the switching element, as in the case of known step switches, since the semiconductor switches, for example, carry the current as voltage-controlled until no voltage drops across the switching element, ie, certainly no more arc burns.
  • the switching element is preferably a mechanical switch. This has a very low on resistance, thus resulting in low losses during operation.
  • the shell element has an open switch position.
  • the semiconductor switch carries the power.
  • This operating mode can be very advantageous if the switching operations are frequent and would lead to a large wear on the formwork element. Thus, part of the switching operations can be avoided in this embodiment.
  • the semiconductor switch it is expedient for the semiconductor switch to have devices for cooling, for example heat sinks.
  • a thyristor circuit is provided as a semiconductor switch. It is advantageous that this issabumbled and thus allows easy control.
  • the thyristor circuit preferably consists of two anti-parallel connected thyristor elements, wherein each of the thyristor elements consists of a thyristor or a parallel and / or series connection of thyristors. Other electrical components can be used together with the thyristors.
  • thyristors can be used as a semiconductor switch and turn-off semiconductor switches, in particular special transistors, GTOs (Gate Turn-off Thyristor) or IGCTs (Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor).
  • GTOs Gate Turn-off Thyristor
  • IGCTs Integrated Gate Commutated Transistor
  • the control of the semiconductor switch is realized independently of the control of the switching element by switching on and off of the semiconductor switch is effected based on the switching state of the switching element.
  • the switching on of the semiconductor switch can be effected, for example an ignition of a thyristor pair, when the voltage between the input and output of the switching element becomes non-zero. Since semiconductor switches switch very quickly, such a control, which responds only to the behavior of the switching element, to be described as interruption-free.
  • the switching off can also take place by considering the voltage between the middle terminal of the switching element and its other terminals. If a voltage is zero, the switching element has made a connection and the semiconductor switch can be turned off.
  • Semiconductor switches thus act completely separate from each other. An uninterrupted power diversion via the semiconductor switch is still guaranteed. This is how it is For example, possible that the switching element is controlled from outside the transformer and an internal control of the switching element is no longer given. The transformer then only has one controller for the semiconductor switch, which is not visible from the outside, that is
  • control of the semiconductor switches is reactive, that is, changes in the switching element are detected by a measurement and responded to.
  • the control of the semiconductor switch together with the control of the switching element.
  • the common control can coordinate the switching of the semiconductor switch and the switching element.
  • Semiconductor switches are switched shortly before switching the switching element. Another possibility is to make the actuation of the switching element dependent on current characteristics of current or voltage, for example the phase position. This can be achieved, for example, that the time in which a short-circuiting of the winding through the closed switching element and the conductive semiconductor switch is minimized. In this alternative, the transformer is completely self-controlling and external intervention is not necessary.
  • control of the semiconductor switch is configured to drive the semiconductor as a soft starter. This allows a softer coupling.
  • means for determining the current in the region of the switching element or semiconductor switch are provided. This allows a particularly advantageous operating method for the tap changer. It is exploited that after turning on the semiconductor switch results in a short-circuit winding, which under the influence of the partial winding a corresponding Kurz- circuit current in the circuit via the semiconductor switch and the switching element can flow. At the same time, the load current continues to flow via the switching element, the current direction being opposite to one another via the switching element for short-circuit current and load current.
  • a throttle is provided in series with the semiconductor switch, which limits the short-circuit current.
  • the winding tap i. the connection to the secondary winding, to which the semiconductor switch is connected, attaches to the end of the secondary winding.
  • the switching element in each switching operation in which the switching element is initially not directly parallel to the semiconductor switch, i. E. in which the switching element is initially not also connected to the end of the secondary winding, ensures that after turning on the semiconductor switch, a time is reached at which the current through the switching element zero or at least in terms of amount is very small.
  • Switching element and semiconductor switch without a portion of the secondary winding is formed. Since the semiconductor switch usually has a higher resistance than the switching element or has no threshold voltage, the load current will flow unchanged through the switching element. Only the switching of the
  • Switching element leads to a diversion of the load current through the semiconductor switch.
  • Another particularly advantageous method of operation which can be used in combination with the above, results if the switching of the switching element happens exactly so that the voltage that is output on the secondary side of the transformer and applied to this after closing the switching element, exactly the voltage across the semiconductor switch corresponds. As a result, a voltage jump is avoided, which would otherwise occur when closing the switching element.
  • a known switching duration of the switching element can be combined with a voltage measurement in order to determine the correct switching time.
  • the tap changer can be used in a medium-low voltage transformer.
  • COTS components off the shelf
  • FIG. 1 shows a first transformer with continuous secondary winding with tap changer
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart for the tap-changer with the first transformer
  • FIG. 3 shows a second transformer with continuous secondary winding with tap changer
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for the tap changer with the second transformer.
  • the figures refer to embodiments for medium-low voltage transformers. These are expediently designed in three phases. For a better clarity, the figures but only a single-phase design. For the same reason, the tap changer in the embodiments, only three setting options for the gear ratio, while actually tap changer can often set more than three ratios. The invention is equally applicable with more than three translation ratios.
  • the voltage on the side of the primary windings should be about 10 kV, while a voltage 400 V (three-phase) is output on the side of the secondary winding.
  • FIG. 1 shows a transformer 1 with a tap changer.
  • the transformer 1 has, in addition to a primary winding which is not significant in this exemplary embodiment, a continuous secondary winding.
  • the continuous secondary development consists of a first to third part
  • the first part 17 comprises approximately 80% of the winding length of the secondary winding, while the second and third parts each comprise approximately 10% of the winding length. From the relative proportions of the secondary winding arise the adjustable ratios and it is clear that even very different divisions of the secondary winding are possible.
  • the parts 17, 18, 19 are defined by a first, second and third tap 2, 3, 4, wherein the first tap 2 is about 80% of the winding length of the secondary winding, the second tap 3 at about 90% of the winding length of the secondary winding is located and the third tap 4 at the end of the secondary winding.
  • the first output line 11 of the transformer 1 is connected.
  • the second output line 12 of the transformer 1 is connected in a more complex manner with the taps 2, 3, 4 to realize the tap-changer.
  • a first connection 16 is realized between the second output line 12 and the second tap 3.
  • the first connection 16 leads via a thyristor circuit 5, which consists of two anti-parallel connected thyristors.
  • the structure of two thyristors is exemplary in this case.
  • one of the thyristors can represent one series connection and / or parallel connection of a plurality of actual thyristor elements.
  • other elements such as IGBTs, GTOs o.a. be used.
  • a mechanical switch 20 is provided, whose central terminal is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the switch 20 can establish a connection between its middle connection and a second, third or fourth connection 13, 14, 15.
  • the second connection 13 connects the first tap 2 and one of the connections of the mechanical switch 20.
  • the third connection 14 connects the second tap 3 to a further connection of the switch and the third connection 15 connects the third tap 4 to a last connection of the switch mechanical switch 20.
  • a controller 6 is further provided. The controller 6 can the
  • a changeover is performed.
  • the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the first tap 2, the second tap 3 is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power. This happens without interruption, the exact circuit is shown below, for example.
  • the current path thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 via the first part 17 of the secondary winding and the second part 18 of the secondary winding. It also leads via the first connection 16 and thus the thyristor circuit 5 to the second output line 12.
  • approximately 90% of the secondary winding is used. Since the thyristor circuit 5 is arranged in this example fixed parallel to the third connection 14, always about 90% of the secondary winding are used when switching.
  • At least one further, for example, mechanical switch must be provided, which switches the assignment between thyristor circuit 5 and tap 2, 3, 4 allowed. As soon as the mechanical switch 20 has switched over, the ignition of the thyristor circuit 5 is ended.
  • the state used in the third step 23 results. In this case, about 90% of the secondary winding are used and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first and second parts 17, 18 of the secondary winding and the third connection 14 to the second output line 12.
  • a changeover is performed again.
  • the mechanical switch 20 switches between its terminals so that instead of the second tap 3, the third tap 4 is connected to the second output line 12.
  • the thyristor circuit 5 takes over the power.
  • the current path thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 via the first part 17 of the secondary winding and the second part 18 of the secondary winding. It also leads via the first connection 16 and thus the thyristor circuit 5 to the second output line 12. In this case, about 90% of the secondary winding is used again.
  • the state used in the fifth step 23 results.
  • the entire length of the secondary winding is used and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first, second and third parts 17, 18, 19 of the secondary winding and the fourth connection 15 to the second output line 12.
  • the mechanical switch 20 does not have to switch between adjoining taps 2, 3, 4, but the switching can take place between any of the taps, ie, for example, directly from the first tapping 2 to the third tapping 4 or vice versa.
  • the tap changer has a control device, which determines from a voltage measurement that a switch is necessary and causes the mechanical switch 20 to switch. It is very advantageous if the controller 6 for the thyristor circuit 5 operates independently thereof, that is, the control device for the mechanical switch 20 is not around the thyristor circuit 5 must take care of. For this purpose, the controller 6 measures the voltages between the measuring point 10 on the second output line 12 and the measuring points 7... 9 on the connections 13. In a longer-term operating state, ie in the first, third or fifth step 21, 23, 25 is one of the voltages zero, since the switch 20 is closed to one of the compounds 13 ... 15.
  • the mechanical switch 20 When switching according to the second or fourth step 22, 24, the mechanical switch 20 is opened, so that all measured voltages are not equal to zero.
  • the controller 6 then ignites the thyristors of the thyristor circuit 5, so that they can take over the flowing current.
  • the controller 6 keeps the thyristors ignited until the mechanical switch 20 is closed again, so a connection to one of the taps is restored. In this case, one of the voltages becomes zero again, which is detected by the controller 6 and leads to the termination of the ignition.
  • the controller 6 for the semiconductor switches thus operates only based on the voltage measurement and the control device for the mechanical switch controls only the mechanical switch without regard to the semiconductor switches. The two controllers thus work completely independently of each other.
  • controller 6 can get along partly or completely without the voltage measurement for the circuit of the semiconductor switches, since the times for the switching of the mechanical switch 20 of the controller 6 are known. That's it, for example possible to perform the ignition of the thyristors, for example, a short time before the actual switching operation. In other alternatives, for example, the voltage measurement could only be used for switching off the ignition or only for switching on.
  • a second embodiment of the invention will now be explained with reference to FIG.
  • a secondary winding in the transformer 50 is used, which is no longer designed as a continuous winding. Rather, there is the
  • Secondary winding in this case from a first and second, each separate winding part 33, 34.
  • the second winding part 34 comprises about 10% of the winding length of the first winding part 33. Again, it is clear that even very different divisions of the secondary winding are possible.
  • Provided on the winding parts 33, 34 are first, second and third winding taps 38... 40, the first winding tapping 38 being at the end of the first winding part 33, the second winding tapping 39 at the beginning of the second winding part 34 and the third winding tapping 40 at the end of the second winding part 34.
  • the first output line 31 of the transformer 1 is connected.
  • the second output line 32 of the transformer 50 is connected in a more complex manner to the taps of winding taps 38... 40 in order to implement the tap-change circuit.
  • a first connection 51 is realized between the second output line 32 and the first winding tap 38.
  • the first connection 51 leads via a thyristor circuit 37, which consists of two anti-parallel connected thyristors.
  • the construction of two thyristors is also exemplary here.
  • a first switch 35 is provided whose middle connection is connected to the second output line 32.
  • the first switch 35 may connect between its center terminal and a first or second terminal point 35a, b manufacture.
  • the first connection point 35a of the first switch 35 is directly connected to a first connection point 36a of a second switch 36.
  • the second connection point 35b of the first switch 35 is directly connected to a second connection point 36b of the second switch 36.
  • the middle connection of the second switch 26 is connected
  • the first connection point 35a, 336a of both switches 35, 36 is connected to the second winding tap 39 and thus to the beginning of the second winding part 34, while the end of the second winding part 34, ie the third winding tap 40 to the second Connection point 35b, 36b of the two switches 35, 36 is connected.
  • FIG. 4 shows, on the basis of a first to ninth step 41... 49, the load changeover circuit with the structure according to FIG. 3.
  • Output line 32 and its first connection point 35a produces, while the second switch 36 connects between the first winding tap 38 and its second connection point 36b manufactures.
  • the switch positions ultimately establish a connection between the second output line 32 and the second winding tap 39 and between the third winding tap 40 and the first winding tap 38.
  • the current path 52 in the first step 41 thus leads from the first output line 31 via the first winding part 33 of the secondary winding, via the second switch 36 and the third winding tap 40 through the second winding part 34 and from there via the second winding tap 39 and first switch 35 to the second output line
  • the interconnection is such that the second winding part 34 is operated “backwards", that is, in the opposite sense to the first winding part 33.
  • this means that the transmission ratio of the transformer 50 is as if only about 90% of the secondary winding used.
  • a changeover is performed.
  • the first switch 35 switches between its terminals 35a, b, so that now instead of the second winding tap 39, the first winding tap 38 is connected to the second output line 32.
  • the thyristor circuit 37 takes over the power. This in turn happens to be useful uninterruptible, with respect to the control of the thyristors, the same procedures are possible as in the example of FIG 1.
  • the current path thus leads during the switching from the first output line 11 via the winding part 33 and the thyristor 37 to the second output line 32nd
  • the first winding part 33 is used 100%.
  • the state used in the third step 43 results.
  • 100% of the first winding part 33 is used, and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first winding part 33 and the direct connection between the second connection points 35b, 36b of the two switches 35, 36 to the second output line 32.
  • the second winding part 34 is connected in this case only one-sided and is not used.
  • a further switching is performed.
  • the second switch 36 switches between its terminals 36a, b, so that instead of the direct connection between the second connection points 35b, 36b of the two switches 35, 36 a connection between the first and second winding taps 38, 39 is produced becomes.
  • the thyristor circuit 37 again takes over the power.
  • the current path again leads from the first output line 11 via the winding part 33 and the thyristor circuit 37 to the second output line 32.
  • the first winding part 33 is used to 100%.
  • the state used in the fifth step 45 is obtained.
  • the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first winding part 33 and the direct connection between the first and second winding taps 38, 39 through the second switch 36 via the second winding part 34 and from there to the second output line 32 In this case, therefore, used in series and concurrently with the first winding part 33, so that in this step 45 effectively about 110% of the winding length of the first winding part 33 is used.
  • a further changeover is performed.
  • the first switch 35 switches between its terminals 35a, b, so that now instead of the second winding tap 39, the first winding tap 38 is connected to the second output line 32.
  • the thyristor circuit 37 takes over the power. The current path thus leads during the switchover from the first output line 11 via the winding part 33 and the thyristor circuit 37 to the second output line 32.
  • the first winding part 33 is used to 100%.
  • the state used in the seventh step 47 results.
  • 100% of the first winding part 33 is used and the current path leads from the first output line 11 via the first winding part 33 and the direct connection between the first connection points 35a, 36a of the two switches 35, 36 to the second output part. line 32.
  • the second winding part 34 is connected in this case only on one side and is not used.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur à plots destiné à des transformateurs moyenne/basse tension, réalisé sur la base d'un ou plusieurs commutateurs mécaniques. Lors de la commutation, le courant est guidé au moyen de commutateurs à semi-conducteurs afin d'assurer la continuité.
PCT/EP2009/067198 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Commutateur à plots destiné à des transformateurs moyenne/basse tension WO2010072622A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810064485 DE102008064485A1 (de) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Stufenschalter für Mittel-Niederspannungstransformatoren
DE102008064485.4 2008-12-22

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WO2010072622A1 true WO2010072622A1 (fr) 2010-07-01

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PCT/EP2009/067198 WO2010072622A1 (fr) 2008-12-22 2009-12-15 Commutateur à plots destiné à des transformateurs moyenne/basse tension

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WO (1) WO2010072622A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2669920A1 (fr) 2012-05-30 2013-12-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de commutation
CN110853901A (zh) * 2019-11-25 2020-02-28 常熟理工学院 多级电压输出自耦变压器的防短路装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2850624B1 (fr) 2012-05-14 2016-04-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Transformateur équipé d'un compartiment à traversée

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FR1414373A (fr) * 1964-11-16 1965-10-15 Liebknecht Transformat Commutateur de charge pour transformateurs et bobines de reaction
US4622513A (en) * 1984-09-28 1986-11-11 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Gating of the thyristors in an arcless tap changing regulator
DE19518272C1 (de) * 1995-05-18 1996-10-24 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Stufenschalter

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AT400496B (de) * 1987-06-25 1996-01-25 Elin Oltc Gmbh Stufenschalter Thyristor-lastumschalter
DE102004046926B3 (de) * 2004-09-28 2006-01-19 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Einrichtung zur Regelung der elektrischen Spannung

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FR1414373A (fr) * 1964-11-16 1965-10-15 Liebknecht Transformat Commutateur de charge pour transformateurs et bobines de reaction
US4622513A (en) * 1984-09-28 1986-11-11 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Gating of the thyristors in an arcless tap changing regulator
DE19518272C1 (de) * 1995-05-18 1996-10-24 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Stufenschalter

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AINETTER J ET AL: "HYBRIDER TRANSFORMATORSTUFENSCHALTER TADS - EIN ZUKUNFTWEISENDES KONCEPT ZUR VERLAENGERUNG DER WARTUNGSINTERVALLE", ELEKTROTECHNIK UND INFORMATIONSTECHNIK, SPRINGER VERLAG, WIEN, AT, vol. 116, no. 11, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 636 - 641, XP000947192, ISSN: 0932-383X *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2669920A1 (fr) 2012-05-30 2013-12-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de commutation
WO2013178413A1 (fr) 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de commutation
US9837224B2 (en) 2012-05-30 2017-12-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Switchgear assembly
CN110853901A (zh) * 2019-11-25 2020-02-28 常熟理工学院 多级电压输出自耦变压器的防短路装置

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