EP3365906B1 - Transformateur de réseau de répartition réglable - Google Patents

Transformateur de réseau de répartition réglable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3365906B1
EP3365906B1 EP16797480.7A EP16797480A EP3365906B1 EP 3365906 B1 EP3365906 B1 EP 3365906B1 EP 16797480 A EP16797480 A EP 16797480A EP 3365906 B1 EP3365906 B1 EP 3365906B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
load tap
voltage
regulatable
low
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16797480.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3365906A1 (fr
Inventor
Karsten Handt
Michael Heinz
Sylvio Kosse
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0011—Voltage selector switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a controllable local network transformer for transforming the electrical voltage from the medium-voltage network to the lower voltage used in the low-voltage network (local network).
  • Controllable local network transformers can change the transformation ratio between their high-voltage side, i.e. the medium voltage of 10-20 kV, for example, and their low-voltage side, i.e. the local network voltage of, for example, 400 V in Europe. In this way, changes in voltage can be compensated that arise, for example, from feed-in from decentralized photovoltaic systems.
  • controllable local network transformers have an on-load tap-changer on the high-voltage side, which includes, for example, one medium-voltage vacuum tube per phase and stage of the tap-changer, i.e. 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches for three phases and 5 stages.
  • Medium-voltage vacuum switches are disadvantageously complex and therefore expensive and therefore make the construction of the on-load tap-changer unfavorable. For this, a preferred value for the voltage adjustment steps of 2.5% can be set.
  • the minimum setting step depends on the number of turns of the undervoltage coil and is, for example, 5% with 20 turns. This setting step is disadvantageously larger than the preferred setting step of 2.5%.
  • the object of the present invention is to specify a controllable local network transformer which reduces or avoids the disadvantages of known controllable local network transformers mentioned at the beginning.
  • the controllable local network transformer comprises at least one high-voltage coil on the high-voltage side and at least one low-voltage coil on the low-voltage side. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a first on-load tap-changer for the low-voltage side, the first on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose. Furthermore, the controllable local network transformer comprises a second on-load tap-changer for the high-voltage side, the second on-load tap-changer being designed to switch between at least two different numbers of turns of the high-voltage coil and comprising at least one second switch for this purpose.
  • the invention thus creates a controllable local network transformer which has an on-load tap-changer on both the high-voltage side and on the low-voltage side.
  • the on-load tap-changer present on the high-voltage side advantageously means that the voltage level can be switched in relatively fine steps that could not be achieved from the low-voltage side alone.
  • the on-load tap-changer on the low-voltage side where the lower voltage also places lower demands on the structure of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the embodiment according to claim 1 can be combined with the features of one of the subclaims or preferably also with those from several subclaims. Accordingly, the following features can also be provided for the current transformer:
  • the ideal compromise between the switching accuracy and the structural effort has proven if exactly two levels of the number of turns can be achieved on the high-voltage side. These are then preferably such that during the switchover a change in the number of turns of the high-voltage coil between 1% and 4%, in particular between 2% and 3%, preferably 2.5%, is brought about. These ranges are smaller than those that can usually be achieved on the low-voltage side.
  • the first on-load tap-changer can be designed to switch between exactly three different numbers of turns of the undervoltage coil. This configuration results in six different gear ratios. However, only six switches are advantageously required on the high-voltage side for the three phases, while a further 12 switches are required on the low-voltage side, one switch being used for bridging the switching process for each phase.
  • the first and second switches include or are vacuum switches.
  • a switch is expediently used per phase and per switchable step of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the controllable local network transformer can have a bridging circuit for power consumption during the switchover, the bridging circuit having a further switching device includes and expediently a current limiting resistor.
  • the controllable local network transformer can include a controller which is designed to determine a point in time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and a further switch for this phase to close at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  • a controller which is designed to determine a point in time of the current zero crossing for a phase to be switched, to open a switch for this phase at a time interval of less than 2 ms before the current zero crossing and a further switch for this phase to close at a time interval of less than 2 ms after the current zero crossing.
  • Such a structure makes the bypass circuit unnecessary. A switching arc in the disconnecting switch is extinguished when the current passes through zero. Since the switch to be closed has no contact at this point in time, a circulating current is avoided.
  • switches which have a short switching delay, preferably less than 5 ms, the switching delay being essentially independent of influences
  • the first and / or the second on-load tap changer can include exactly one changeover switch per phase and switching stage.
  • a changeover switch is used instead of two switches that work as contacts. It is thus possible to advantageously design the first and / or second on-load tap-changer with exactly three changeover switches.
  • the first and second on-load tap-changer can be constructed together with exactly six changeover switches and thus achieve four switching stages.
  • FIG 1 shows a rough scheme for the structure of a controllable local network transformer 10.
  • the controllable local network transformer 10 comprises a high-voltage side 11 and a low-voltage side 12.
  • the high-voltage side 11 is designed for voltages in the range of 20 kV, while the low-voltage side 12 for voltages of 400 V is designed.
  • connecting lines 13 for connection to the medium-voltage network lead into the controllable local network transformer 10.
  • connecting lines 14 lead to the connection of the local local network from the controllable local network transformer 10.
  • the connecting lines 14 on the low-voltage side 12 are connected to a controller 15, which also includes voltage monitoring.
  • the controller 15 is connected to a first on-load tap-changer 16 on the high-voltage side 11 and controls the first on-load tap-changer 16.
  • the controller is also connected to a second on-load tap-changer 17, which is arranged on the low-voltage side 12.
  • the controller 15 monitors the voltage levels on the connection lines 14 to the local network and controls the on-load tap-changers 16, 17 according to their position.
  • FIG 2 shows schematically the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 20, this controllable local network transformer 20 allowing six different switching stages.
  • FIG 2 shows a main winding 23 and for one phase of the high-voltage side 21 of the controllable local network transformer 20 a control winding 24.
  • One end of the main winding 23 is connected to two taps of the control winding 24 via vacuum switches 27, 28.
  • the vacuum switch 27 can be bridged by a bridging switch 32 arranged in parallel, a current limiting resistor 35 being arranged in series with the bridging switch 32.
  • the taps are arranged in such a way that switching results in a change in the number of turns of 2.5% of the total number of turns.
  • the bridging can be used in a known manner to switch under load and thereby reduce circulating currents.
  • the bypass switch 32 is activated and takes over the current when the vacuum switch 27, 28, which was closed at the time before the switchover, opens. Only after opening this vacuum switch 27, 28 does the other of the vacuum switches 27, 28 close and then the semiconductor switch 32 is switched off again.
  • the controllable local network transformer 20 On the low voltage side 22 of the controllable local network transformer 20 there is an analog structure with vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for low voltage and a bypass switch 33 and a current limiting resistor 36. On the low voltage side 22, however, there are three taps and therefore also three vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 for each phase. The taps on the low voltage side 22 are arranged in such a way that switching over the vacuum switches 29, 30, 31 leads to relative changes in the voltage of approx. + 5% of the total number of turns, i.e. just one turn for a total of 20 turns. A smaller step is therefore not easy to carry out on the low voltage side 22.
  • the two on-load tap-changers can therefore control six different voltage levels together, which are between -7.5% and + 5% of the standard voltage in 2.5% steps.
  • Six medium-voltage vacuum switches and twelve low-voltage vacuum switches are used for this purpose, while in a known controllable local network transformer, In which five switching stages can only be switched on the high-voltage side, 15 medium-voltage vacuum switches are required.
  • the controller 15 is designed to detect the current zero crossing and to align the switching process for the vacuum switches 27... 31 with it.
  • the respective opening vacuum switch 27 ... 31 then opens shortly before a current zero crossing, for example within 2 ms before that.
  • the arc that forms is extinguished when the current passes zero.
  • the closing vacuum switch 27 ... 31 does not close until shortly after the current has passed zero, for example within 2 ms thereafter. Since both switches are never closed, a circulating current is avoided and switching under load is achieved at the same time. This saves one bypass switch per phase and page 21, 22.
  • switches that either have a very short switching delay, ideally in the range of less than 10 ms, even better in the range of less than 2 ms.
  • the switching delay of the switches depends only slightly on ambient conditions such as the temperature. With such switches it is possible to sufficiently synchronize the switching time with the current zero crossing.
  • FIG 3 shows a further embodiment for the structure of the on-load tap changer 16, 17 for an exemplary controllable local network transformer 40, this controllable local network transformer 40 allowing four different switching stages.
  • the controllable local network transformer 40 similarly has main windings 43, 45 and control windings 44, 46 for the high and low voltage sides 41, 42.
  • fast changeover switches are used here.
  • only one changeover switch 47, 48 is used per phase on both the high voltage and the low voltage side 41, 42.
  • the changeover switch 47, 48 ensures that a current path is always present and bridging is also unnecessary.
  • only six of the changeover switches 47, 48, namely one per phase and side 41, 42 are used, which represents a very low structural effort for the implementation of an on-load tap-changer with four stages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) de réseau local réglable comprenant au moins une bobine (23, 24, 43, 44) de haute tension du côté (21,41) de la haute tension et au moins une bobine (25, 26, 45, 46) de basse tension du côté (22, 42) de la basse tension, comprenant un premier commutateur (17) à étage en charge pour le côté de la basse tension, dans lequel le premier commutateur (17) à étage en charge est conformé pour la commutation entre au moins deux nombres de spires différents de la bobine (25, 26, 45, 46) de basse tension et comprend à cet effet au moins un premier interrupteur (29, 30, 31), caractérisé par un deuxième commutateur (16) à étage en charge pour le côté (21, 41) de la haute tension, dans lequel le deuxième commutateur (16) à étage en charge est conformé pour la commutation entre au moins deux nombres de spires différents de la bobine (23, 24, 43, 44) de haute tension et comprend à cet effet au moins un deuxième interrupteur (27, 28).
  2. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le deuxième commutateur (16) à étage en charge est conformé pour la commutation entre exactement deux nombres de spires différents de la bobine (23,24,43, 44) de haute tension.
  3. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier et deuxième interrupteurs (27...31) comprennent des interrupteurs à vide ou sont des interrupteurs à vide.
  4. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le premier commutateur (17) à étage en charge est conformé pour la commutation en exactement deux ou en exactement trois nombres de spires différents de la bobine (25, 26, 45, 46) de basse tension.
  5. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le deuxième commutateur (16) à étage en charge peut provoquer à la commutation une modification du nombre de spires de la bobine (23, 24, 43, 44) de haute tension entre 1 % et 4 %, notamment entre 2 % et 3 %.
  6. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un circuit de dérivation pour prélever du courant à la dérivation, dans lequel le circuit de dérivation comprend un autre dispositif (32, 33) de coupure ainsi qu'une résistance (35, 36) de limitation du courant.
  7. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant une commande (15), qui est conformée pour déterminer un instant de passage du courant par zéro pour une phase à connecter, pour ouvrir un interrupteur (27...31) pour cette phase à une distance dans le temps de moins de 2 ms du passage par zéro du courant et pour fermer un autre interrupteur (27...31) pour cette phase à une distance dans le temps de moins de 2 ms après le passage par zéro du courant.
  8. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier commutateur (17) à étage en charge comprend exactement deux interrupteurs par phase.
  9. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier commutateur (17) à étage en charge comprend exactement un commutateur (40) va et vient par phase.
  10. Transformateur (10, 20, 40) d'un réseau local réglable suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le deuxième commutateur (16) à étage en phase comprend exactement un commutateur (47) va et vient par charge.
EP16797480.7A 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Transformateur de réseau de répartition réglable Active EP3365906B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015225314.7A DE102015225314A1 (de) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator
PCT/EP2016/076808 WO2017102174A1 (fr) 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Transformateur de réseau de répartition réglable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3365906A1 EP3365906A1 (fr) 2018-08-29
EP3365906B1 true EP3365906B1 (fr) 2022-01-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16797480.7A Active EP3365906B1 (fr) 2015-12-15 2016-11-07 Transformateur de réseau de répartition réglable

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EP (1) EP3365906B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015225314A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017102174A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3742251A1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2020-11-25 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology, S.L. Commande de transformateur d'éolienne
DE102021113821A1 (de) * 2021-05-28 2022-12-01 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verfahren und system zum betrieb eines regeltransformators
DE102022117587A1 (de) 2022-07-14 2024-01-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verfahren zur Betätigung eines Laststufenschalters sowie Laststufenschaltervorrichtung

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1110314A (en) * 1964-08-31 1968-04-18 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to on-load tap changing gear
JPS5118609B1 (fr) * 1968-03-13 1976-06-11
US3513380A (en) * 1968-06-19 1970-05-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Load tap changing transformer arrangement with constant impedance
DE19743864C1 (de) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-15 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Stufenschalter
EP2166637A1 (fr) * 2008-09-19 2010-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Agencement d'alimentation électrique pour le chauffage électrique direct d'un système de pipeline
DE102011108255A1 (de) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-24 ct.e Controltechnology Engineering GmbH Verfahren zur adaptiven Regelung der Versorgungsspannung in Ortsnetzen
DE102013109289B8 (de) * 2013-08-27 2017-12-28 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Laststufenschalter, Stufentransformator zur Spannungsregelung und Verfahren zur Durchführung einer Umschaltung im Stufentransformator

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Publication number Publication date
DE102015225314A1 (de) 2017-06-22
EP3365906A1 (fr) 2018-08-29
WO2017102174A1 (fr) 2017-06-22

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