WO2015127947A1 - Graduateur en charge pour transformateur - Google Patents

Graduateur en charge pour transformateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015127947A1
WO2015127947A1 PCT/EP2014/000954 EP2014000954W WO2015127947A1 WO 2015127947 A1 WO2015127947 A1 WO 2015127947A1 EP 2014000954 W EP2014000954 W EP 2014000954W WO 2015127947 A1 WO2015127947 A1 WO 2015127947A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contactors
tap changer
tap
load
auxiliary
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/000954
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter Rinser
Andreas Degwerth
Original Assignee
Schaltbau Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaltbau Gmbh filed Critical Schaltbau Gmbh
Publication of WO2015127947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015127947A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0072—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 particular to three-phase switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tap changer for uninterrupted load switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer according to the preamble of independent claim 1. More particularly, the invention relates to a tap changer for a tapped transformer between the medium-voltage network and the low-voltage local network.
  • a load branch is provided per turn tap, over which the current flows in the load case, wherein the tap changer per winding tapping has a switching device arranged in the load branch.
  • the winding taps are connected to the low voltage side star point by means of the tap changer.
  • Tap changers are used in conjunction with a tap-changer for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of the winding of the tapped transformer and thus serve for uninterrupted voltage regulation.
  • the voltage regulation is essentially necessary because fluctuations on both the load side and in the feed can not be avoided.
  • voltage fluctuations must be compensated by adapting the transmission ratio between the medium-voltage network and the local network.
  • a tap changer with which different voltage translation ratios can be tapped by selecting different winding taps of the tapped transformer is suitable. So that the switching process for the consumer means no interruption of the power supply, the switching must be done without interruption. For seamless switching several circuit concepts are known from the prior art.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to further develop a step switch of the generic type for uninterrupted load switching between winding taps of a tapped transformer in that the tap changer has increased reliability.
  • the steps switch should be as simple as possible and easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the solution according to the invention has the advantage that the switching load occurring in the load branch can be divided between at least two relatively simple contactors.
  • a corresponding control usually ensures that the two parallel-connected contactors switch synchronously.
  • the contactors are preferably designed so that at least for a limited number of switching operations, one of the at least two protected the switching task in the load branch can take over alone. This means that a contactor can fail in the load branch, without this leading to a failure of the stage switch.
  • the on-load tap-changer can continue to operate with the faulty contactor. The reliability of the tap changer is thereby significantly improved.
  • a load branch in the sense of the present invention is understood to mean that there is no series-connected resistor in it. Resistors are, even in tap changers according to the prior art, usually in an auxiliary branch, with which the load branch can be bridged only briefly during the switching operation.
  • the invention is suitable for a tapped transformer having at least one phase.
  • the tap changer is designed for a tapped transformer having at least two phases.
  • the tap changer is designed for a three-phase stepping transformer, as it is usually used between the medium-voltage network and the low-voltage local area network.
  • the tap changer is designed for a tapped transformer having at least two phases, wherein those contactors, which are associated with a first phase of the tapped transformer, are actuated independently of those contactors, which are associated with a second phase of the tapped transformer.
  • This makes it possible to perform a phase-independent voltage adjustment. This may be necessary, for example, if the power supply in the local network is not distributed uniformly over the three phases. Thus, only a phase of the local network is usually used in small systems for feeding solar power. This has the consequence that the voltage increases with increased feed compared to the other two phases, so that a separate voltage adjustment from the other two phases is useful or required.
  • the contactors used in the load branches are designed as single-pole contactors. As a result, relatively simple contactors can be used. At the same time, this allows phase-independent load switching.
  • At least every second winding tap per phase has an auxiliary branch over which the load branch can be bridged, the tap changer having an auxiliary contactor per auxiliary branch and a resistor connected in series with the auxiliary contactor.
  • an auxiliary branch is provided in each case for the even-numbered winding taps.
  • only a few auxiliary branches are required per phase in order to switch from one winding tapping to the adjacent one. to be able to.
  • the at least two parallel-connected contactors of the load branch and the auxiliary contactor of the auxiliary branch are arranged directly next to one another.
  • the resistor is connected on one side directly to a connection contact of one of the at least two contactors connected in parallel and on the other side directly to a connection contact of the auxiliary contactor. This results in a special simple construction of the tap changer with a small number of required components.
  • the resistor is preferably connected in each case to the input terminal of the contactor or auxiliary contactor.
  • a particularly simple and in particular easy to install construction of the step switch results when the at least two parallel-connected contactors of the load branch, the auxiliary contactor and the resistor are combined to form a module.
  • the contactors of the winding taps are combined without auxiliary branch to form an assembly.
  • a clear and easy-to-maintain structure of the tap changer also results when the contactors and auxiliary contactors of a phase are each arranged side by side in a row.
  • the arrangement is preferably carried out in the horizontal direction.
  • a particularly good use of space is obtained when there is an offset in the vertical and horizontal direction between the existing of shooters and auxiliary contactors rows of different phases.
  • the winding tappings can be connected in a particularly space-saving manner with the contactors or auxiliary contactors of the tap changer.
  • the contactors of the load branches are designed as bistable contactors. This means that contactors with a bistable magnetic circuit are preferably used.
  • A, equipped with the tap changer stage transformer according to the invention can be adjusted from the factory before delivery to a certain voltage translation ratio. As a result, undefined switching states of the low-voltage side transformer node are avoided upon initial activation of the corresponding control.
  • bistable contactors also has the advantage that no power loss occurs between the switching operations. Alternatively, of course, cheaper monostable contactors can be used.
  • the auxiliary contactors of the auxiliary branches are designed as monostable contactors. Since the auxiliary contactors are closed only briefly during the switching process, more cost-effective monostable contactors can be used here. It is not necessary to set the step switch at the factory with closed contactor contactors.
  • the tap changer has a control for load switching by opening and closing the contactors and auxiliary contactors. It is particularly advantageous if both the switching state and the functionality of the contactors are monitored in the load branches by the control. This makes it possible to monitor the functionality of the tap changer and optionally make an evaluation that provides an indication of the time of the next due maintenance.
  • the controller is set up such that the monitoring of the switching state and the functionality of each of the at least two parallel contactors per load branch is done individually. This offers the advantage that the controller optionally controls only one of the two contactors, if it is determined that the functionality of the other contactor is no longer guaranteed. Whether the shooters are functional can be determined in different ways. For example, voltage or current waveform can be recorded and evaluated become. The time delay between the control signal and the change of the actual switching state can also be used for the evaluation.
  • control also monitors the switching state and the functionality of the auxiliary contactors.
  • the tap changer has one position control switch per contactor and / or auxiliary contactor, wherein the functionality of the contactors and / or auxiliary contactors can be interrogated by means of the respective position control switch.
  • the controller ensures a synchronous actuation of the contactors of a load branch, provided that proper functioning of the contactors of the respective load branch has been established. As a result, the contactors are loaded as little as possible during the switching process.
  • the controller is set up such that a Contactor, for which no proper functioning has been determined, is no longer controlled. If the fault is detected when the contactor is open, the relevant contactor will no longer be closed.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the tap changer and thus also the tapped transformer can continue to operate even though one of the contactors is faulty. Even if the fault is detected with the contactor closed, the tapped transformer can continue to operate. However, even in this case, the controller ensures that the faulty contactor is no longer activated. A changeover, which would require an opening of the faulty contactor, is therefore no longer possible in this case.
  • the controller outputs a signal indicating that a service of the tap changer is pending.
  • the controller is set up such that the load switching between the winding taps a phase can be independent of the other stages of the tapped transformer. This makes it possible to respond to supply-related voltage fluctuations, for example, concern only a phase of the local network, such that only in the affected phase, a load switching and thus a voltage adaptation takes place.
  • the controller of the tap changer has an interface for communication with a higher-level control network, which communicates with a plurality of tap-changers of a low-voltage local area network.
  • the tap-changer according to the invention is preferably designed for a three-stage tap-changer.
  • the tap changer can be used in conjunction with a corresponding tapped transformer between the medium-voltage network and the low-voltage local area network.
  • the tap changer is designed for at least five Wicklugsanzapfitch per phase.
  • the invention is generally suitable for two or more winding taps per phase.
  • the contactors in the load branches are mutually electrically locked such that once a contactor is closed in one of the load branches and the respective winding tap is thereby connected to the low side star point, the contactors in the remaining load branches of the respective ones Phase can not be closed. This eliminates the possibility of a short circuit between the winding taps, even if the control system operates incorrectly.
  • the contactors arranged in the load branches preferably have position control switches which interrupt the control circuit of the contactors in the remaining load branches, provided that the relevant contactor is closed.
  • the position control switches are mechanically opened by the relevant contactor, as soon as the contactor itself is closed.
  • the contactors for each of the remaining load branches on a corresponding position control switch.
  • the position control switches are designed as snap-action switches.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase of an inventive
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed representation of the schematic circuit diagram of FIG. 1 for the contactors arranged in the load branch
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of the tap changer according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows the spatial arrangement of the contactors of a load branch and the auxiliary contactor of the associated auxiliary branch
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram for a first phase P1 of a tap changer according to the invention. Shown are the winding taps A1 - A5 of the corresponding phase of the step transformer, not shown. At the winding taps A1 - A5 different voltage translation ratios can be tapped, wherein either a lower or always a higher voltage is applied to a subsequent winding tap either always. It goes without saying that, depending on requirements, fewer or more winding taps can be provided.
  • Each of the winding taps A1 - A5 can be connected via a corresponding load branch to the star point 7 on the low-voltage side.
  • the switching devices S1-S5 are located in the respective load branches.
  • the switching devices S1-S5 each consist of two parallel-connected individual contactors.
  • the switching device S1 thus consists of the single contactor S1.1 and the parallel to it single contactor S1.2.
  • an auxiliary branch is provided in addition to the respective load branch, with which the load branch can be bridged.
  • the winding taps A2 and A4 each have a load branch and an associated auxiliary branch.
  • the auxiliary branch consists of an auxiliary contactor HS2 or HS4 and a resistor R2 or R4 connected in series with the auxiliary contactor.
  • the auxiliary contactors HS2 and HS4 are only intended for load switching to the adjacent winding tap and are therefore only closed for a short time.
  • the winding tap A1 is connected to the star point 7 on the low voltage side. That through the two connected in parallel
  • Contactors S1.1 and S1.2 formed contactor S1 is therefore closed, with all other contactors S2 - S5 and auxiliary contactors HS2, HS4 are open.
  • the contactor S1 is opened.
  • the tap A2 is now connected via the auxiliary contactor HS2 and the resistor R2 connected in series low resistance to the neutral point.
  • the winding tap A2 is connected via the contactor S2 in the associated load branch with the neutral point 7 on the low-voltage side.
  • the contactor S2 is opened in the load branch of the second winding tap A2.
  • the winding tap A2 is now over the auxiliary contactor
  • the contactor S3 is closed in the load branch of the third winding tap A3.
  • the differential voltage between the winding taps A2 and A3 is short-circuited via the resistor R2.
  • the auxiliary contactor HS2 opens.
  • a rigid neutral point earthing is effected on the winding tap A3 to be changed.
  • the switching process is completed.
  • the load switching operation from the winding tap A4 to the winding tap A5, as well as from the winding tap A4 to the winding tap A3, as well as from the tap tap A2 to the tap tap A1 is similarly performed.
  • the tap changer 1 comprises in the embodiment shown for all of the three phases P1, P2 and P3 of the low-voltage grid a corresponding circuit according to Figure 1.
  • the tap changer has a control only schematically shown by both the switching state and the functionality of the contactors in the load branches and the auxiliary contactors in the auxiliary branches is monitored.
  • the control is also the monitoring of the low-voltage side grid voltage and their regulation by making the tap changeover. Characterized in that two parallel-connected contactors are provided in the load branches, which are monitored by the controller 4, the reliability can be significantly increased in the tap changer 1 according to the invention.
  • a step transformer equipped with the tap changer according to the invention can continue to operate with a faulty contactor.
  • the controller 4 ensures that the faulty contactor is no longer closed, and outputs a signal indicating that a service or a repair of the tap changer is pending.
  • the controller 4 is set up such that the load switching between the winding taps of one phase can take place independently of the two further phases of the tapped transformer , Furthermore, the controller 4 has an interface for communication with a superordinate control network 5, which communicates with a plurality of tap changers of a low-voltage local area network.
  • FIG. 4 shows the spatial arrangement of the two contactors S2.1 and S2.2 in the load branch of the second winding tap A2, as well as the spatial arrangement of the auxiliary contactor HS2 and the resistor R2 connected in series in the auxiliary branch of the second winding tap.
  • the shown spatial arrangement also applies to the shooter and the Resistance of the fourth winding tap A4.
  • both the two contactors S2.1 and S2.2 of the load branch and the auxiliary contactor HS2 of the auxiliary branch are arranged directly next to one another, resulting in a particularly compact design of the tap changer according to the invention.
  • the resistor R2 is connected at one of its two ends directly to the input terminal 2 of the first contactor S2.1, and at its opposite side directly to the input terminal 2 of the auxiliary contactor HS2.
  • the two contactors in the load branch, the auxiliary contactor and the resistor thus form an assembly that allows a modular design of the tap changer according to the invention. Also shown in the figure are the two lines 8, which lead from the input terminals 2 of the two contactors S2.1 and S2.2 in the load branch to the winding tap A2. Also visible is the output terminal 3 of the first contactor S2.1 in the load branch.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the contactors and auxiliary contactors of each of the three phases P1 to P3 are each arranged side by side in a row. This results in a clear structure of the tap changer according to the invention.
  • the components are housed in a corresponding housing, of which only one side 6 is shown.
  • there is between the individual rows of the phases P1 to P3 each have a horizontal V h , and a vertical offset V v .
  • the two parallel-connected contactors S1.1 and S.2 in the load branch of the first winding tap are likewise combined to form a module.
  • the controller is preferably accommodated in a separate housing in order to be exchangeable independently of the contactors or auxiliary contactors of the tap changer.
  • the contactors and auxiliary contactors of the tap changer according to the invention are essentially suitable for all conceivable switching media. It is therefore also possible to integrate the contactors in the associated tapped transformer. However, the contactors and auxiliary contactors are preferably housed in a separate housing, so that air or vacuum can be used as switching medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un graduateur en charge (1) pour la commutation de la charge sans interruption entre des prises sur enroulement (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) d'un transformateur à gradins possédant au moins une phase (P1, P2, P3), dans lequel il est prévu pour chaque prise sur enroulement (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5) une branche de charge par laquelle le courant passe dans le cas de charge, et le graduateur en charge présente, pour chaque prise sur enroulement (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5), un dispositif de commutation (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) intercalé dans la branche de charge. Selon l'invention, le dispositif de commutation intercalé dans la branche de charge est constitué par au moins deux disjoncteurs connectés en parallèle (S1.1, S1.2, S2.1, S2.2).
PCT/EP2014/000954 2014-02-27 2014-04-09 Graduateur en charge pour transformateur WO2015127947A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202014001799.9 2014-02-27
DE202014001799.9U DE202014001799U1 (de) 2014-02-27 2014-02-27 Trafostufenschalter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015127947A1 true WO2015127947A1 (fr) 2015-09-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/000954 WO2015127947A1 (fr) 2014-02-27 2014-04-09 Graduateur en charge pour transformateur

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DE (1) DE202014001799U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015127947A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108878188A (zh) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-23 天佑电器（苏州）有限公司 交直流切换装置及具有该切换装置的清洁工具

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013211653A1 (de) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Regelbarer Ortsnetztransformator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1354591A (fr) * 1962-02-08 1964-03-06 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Installation de commutateurs de charge à commutation étagée dans les transformateurs de réglage
DE19831121A1 (de) * 1998-07-11 2000-01-13 Helmut Hinzen Mehrstufige Anlaufschaltung mit Anlauftransformator für einen Drehstrom-Kurzschlußläufermotor
CN202068191U (zh) * 2011-01-19 2011-12-07 西安盟创电器有限公司 村口增压器

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1354591A (fr) * 1962-02-08 1964-03-06 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Installation de commutateurs de charge à commutation étagée dans les transformateurs de réglage
DE19831121A1 (de) * 1998-07-11 2000-01-13 Helmut Hinzen Mehrstufige Anlaufschaltung mit Anlauftransformator für einen Drehstrom-Kurzschlußläufermotor
CN202068191U (zh) * 2011-01-19 2011-12-07 西安盟创电器有限公司 村口增压器

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108878188A (zh) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-23 天佑电器（苏州）有限公司 交直流切换装置及具有该切换装置的清洁工具
CN108878188B (zh) * 2017-05-12 2024-03-08 天佑电器（苏州）有限公司 交直流切换装置及具有该切换装置的清洁工具

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Publication number Publication date
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