WO2020078599A1 - Commutateur de puissance à prises, transformateur à prises pour la régulation de tension et procédé d'exécution d'une commutation dans un transformateur à prises - Google Patents

Commutateur de puissance à prises, transformateur à prises pour la régulation de tension et procédé d'exécution d'une commutation dans un transformateur à prises Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020078599A1
WO2020078599A1 PCT/EP2019/069939 EP2019069939W WO2020078599A1 WO 2020078599 A1 WO2020078599 A1 WO 2020078599A1 EP 2019069939 W EP2019069939 W EP 2019069939W WO 2020078599 A1 WO2020078599 A1 WO 2020078599A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
contact
fixed contact
changer
switching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/069939
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2020078599A8 (fr
Inventor
Christian Hammer
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh
Publication of WO2020078599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020078599A1/fr
Publication of WO2020078599A8 publication Critical patent/WO2020078599A8/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an on-load tap changer, a step transformer according to the switching principle and with a method for performing a switchover in the step transformer.
  • On-load tap-changers are used for uninterrupted switching between the taps of a tap-changer transformer.
  • the step transformer has at least one phase to be controlled, which has a first winding and a second winding.
  • the first winding and the second winding each have a control winding with winding taps, which are wired by an on-load tap changer in such a way that alternately a winding tap of the control winding of the first winding and a winding tap of the control winding of the second winding are preselected by the selector of the on-load tap changer.
  • a step transformer based on the center switching principle which is connected by an on-load tap changer in such a way that alternately one tap tap of the control winding of the first winding and one tap tap of the control winding of the second winding are preselected by the selector of the on-load tap changer, for example from EP 3 039 698 B1 known.
  • the circuit current which flows when switching during the interim simultaneous contacting of the currently connected and the preselected, new step contact is limited by ohmic resistors, thereby ensuring an uninterrupted change in the transformation ratio of the transformer.
  • the ohmic resistance has to be designed depending on the specific circuit topology, the individual operating conditions as well as the load current and the step voltage, in particular the respective application of the on-load tap changer.
  • the step voltage is the voltage that is present between the currently switched and the preselected step contact of the on-load tap-changer.
  • this resistance design is complex and, on the other hand, it also affects the entire design of the tap changer. Depending on the application, here is a different number and dimensioning of resistors required. Therefore, the design of the resistance value affects the installation space required for the resistors and thus the design of the other tap changer components.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved concept for a tap changer which is easier to adapt to different applications.
  • an on-load tap changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a step transformer according to the center switching principle.
  • the step transformer has a first and a second winding, the first winding comprising a first control winding with first winding taps, and the second winding comprising a second control winding with second winding taps. Furthermore, the first and the second winding each comprise a main winding.
  • the on-load tap changer has a diverter switch for performing a switchover between two of the first winding taps or between two of the second winding taps.
  • the diverter switch comprises a main branch with at least one switching element and an auxiliary branch with at least one current-limiting element.
  • the switching element is designed in particular as a vacuum switching tube or semiconductor switching element.
  • the on-load tap-changer comprises at least four fixed contacts, each of which is assigned to one of the first or one of the second winding taps.
  • the on-load tap-changer comprises a selector which has a first, a second, a third and a fourth movable contact, which can each contact each of the fixed contacts.
  • the main branch connects the first and the second movable contact in an electrically conductive manner and the auxiliary branch connects the third and fourth movable contact in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the at least one current-limiting element in the auxiliary branch is preferably designed as a vari stor.
  • Varistors are resistance components, the resistance value of which depends on the applied voltage.
  • the varistor is preferably dimensioned such that that it is in a locked state when a voltage drops across it that is less than or equal to the step voltage.
  • the blocking state is characterized by the fact that no significant current flows through the varistor.
  • the current which flows through the varistor during the blocking state is so small that the movable contacts can be separated from a fixed contact or connected to a fixed contact without damage. This is typically the case at a current of less than 100 mA, preferably less than 10 mA.
  • This blocking state of the varistor is particularly given when the tap changer is in a stationary position in which the load current flows through the main branch.
  • the position of the tap changer is referred to as the stationary position, in which the tap changer is after completion of a load switch and before the next load switch.
  • the first and the third movable contact both contact the first or the third fixed contact or another fixed contact which is assigned to one of the first winding taps
  • the second and the fourth movable contact both the second or the fourth Fixed contact or another fixed contact which is assigned to one of the second winding taps.
  • the first and the third movable contact both contact the second or the fourth fixed contact or another fixed contact, which is assigned to one of the second winding taps
  • the second and the fourth movable contact both the first or the third fixed contact or another fixed contact, which is assigned to one of the first winding taps.
  • a moving contact in particular only ever contacts exactly one Festkon, d. H. it does not occupy a bridging position between two adjacent fixed contacts.
  • the varistor is preferably dimensioned such that in a phase during which the load current, which is in the order of magnitude of several 10 A, for example 30 A, flows across the varistor, the voltage drop across the varistor is a multiple of the step voltage, for example approximately 1, 2 to 1, 5 times the step voltage.
  • the voltage drop is preferably less than a predetermined limit value, for example less than 2.0 times the step voltage.
  • the varistor is preferably designed as a metal oxide varistor, for example based on zinc oxide.
  • the current-voltage characteristic of metal oxide varistors is particularly close to the characteristic of an ideal varistor.
  • the varistor Since the varistor is either in the blocking state, in which no significant current flows over it, or in an open state, in which the load current flows over it, no circulating current occurs during the switching process. Compared to the use of an ohmic resistor as a switching resistor, the time period in which losses occur at the varistor is therefore shorter.
  • the output voltage of the transformer is reduced by the voltage drop across the resistor caused by the load current during the period in which the load current flows through the resistor.
  • this voltage drop should be a certain multiple of the step voltage, e.g. not exceed 5.0 times, preferably not 2.0 times.
  • different resistors may have to be used for different load currents with the same step voltage.
  • the drop in the output voltage of the transformer is essentially independent of the load current. This is due to the typical current-voltage characteristic of a varistor and the abrupt drop in its differential resistance when changing from the locked state to the open state.
  • the selection of the suitable varistor does not essentially depend on the load current, but only on the step voltage.
  • the elaborate design of switching resistors as well as the dependent design of the on-load tap-changer for different applications can be largely eliminated and the entire tap-changer design and assembly can be massively simplified.
  • the tap changer can then be prefabricated for certain tap voltages regardless of the actual load current as a stock item.
  • the on-load tap changer is designed in such a way that the main branch has a parallel connection.
  • the switching element is connected in parallel with a permanent main contact.
  • Permanent main contacts are usually used for tap changers with high nominal currents and take over the continuous current flow in the stationary position.
  • the on-load tap changer is designed such that the switching element is designed as a semiconductor switching element.
  • the semiconductor switching element has two anti-parallel connected thyristors, a triac, an IGBT or similar semiconductor switching elements.
  • Semiconductor switching elements are more cost-effective and space-saving than mechanical switching means, which has an advantageous effect on the structure and the manufacturing costs of the entire on-load tap-changer. Furthermore, semiconductor switching elements are not subject to contact erosion caused by arcs during the switching process. As a result, there is no relevant restriction with regard to the maximum number of circuits that can be carried out, and thus ultimately less maintenance on the step switch. In addition, the use of semiconductor switching elements reduces the torque required on the tap changer, which has a favorable, in particular cost-effective effect on the configuration options of the tap changer drive.
  • the on-load tap changer is designed such that the switching element is designed as a vacuum interrupter.
  • the on-load tap changer is designed such that when the switchover is carried out, the first and the second movable contact are moved simultaneously and the third and the fourth movable contact are moved simultaneously.
  • a method for actuating an on-load tap changer for uninterrupted switching between winding taps of a step transformer according to the center switching principle is also specified.
  • the step transformer comprises a first and a second winding, the first winding having a first control winding with first winding taps and the second winding having a second control winding with second winding taps.
  • the first and the second winding each comprise a main winding.
  • a load current is switched from a main branch to an auxiliary branch and the load current in the auxiliary branch is limited by means of a current-limiting element.
  • the current-limiting element is designed, for example, as a varistor.
  • the first and second movable contacts are actuated only when the third and fourth movable contacts are not in motion during the switchover.
  • the third and fourth movable contacts are actuated during the switchover only when the first and second movable contacts are not in motion.
  • the on-load tap-changer comprises at least four fixed contacts, each of which is assigned to one of the first or one of the second winding taps.
  • the first and third fixed contacts are each assigned to one of the first winding taps and the second and fourth fixed contacts are each assigned to one of the second winding taps. It is switched from a first stationary position to a second stationary position in a first switching direction and from the second stationary position to the first stationary position in a second switching direction.
  • the first and the third movable contact both contact the first or the third fixed contact or another fixed contact which is assigned to one of the first winding taps
  • the second and the fourth movable contact both contact the second or the fourth fixed contact or another fixed contact which is assigned to one of the second winding taps.
  • the first and third movable contacts both contact the second or fourth fixed contact or another fixed contact associated with one of the second winding taps, and the second and fourth movable contacts both contact the first or third Fixed contact or another fixed contact which is assigned to one of the first winding taps.
  • the fourth moving contact is switched from the second fixed contact to the third fixed contact and the third movable contact is switched from the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact in the first switching direction.
  • the load current is then switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch.
  • the second movable contact is then switched from the second fixed contact to the third fixed contact and the first movable contact is switched from the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • the load current is switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch in the first switching direction. Then the second movable contact from the second fixed contact to the third fixed contact and the first movable contact switched from the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact. The load current is then switched from the auxiliary branch back to the main branch. The fourth movable contact is then switched from the second fixed contact to the third fixed contact and the third movable contact is switched from the first fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • the load current is switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch in the second switching direction.
  • the first movable contact is then switched from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact and the second movable contact is switched from the third fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • the load current is then switched from the auxiliary branch to the main branch.
  • the third movable contact is switched from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact and the fourth movable contact from the third fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • the third movable contact is switched from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact and the fourth movable contact is switched from the third fixed contact to the second fixed contact in the second switching direction. Then the load current is switched from the main branch to the auxiliary branch. The first movable contact is then switched from the second fixed contact to the first fixed contact and the second movable contact is switched from the third fixed contact to the second fixed contact.
  • a step transformer according to the switching principle is also specified.
  • the step transformer comprises a first and a second winding, the first winding having a first control winding with first winding taps and the second winding having a second control winding with second winding taps. Furthermore, the first and the second winding each comprise a main winding.
  • the step transformer includes an on-load tap changer based on the improved concept.
  • the first and the second control winding are connected to a selector of the on-load tap-changer via lines.
  • the first and second windings are inductively coupled in particular to the control windings.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a
  • FIG. 2a-g an exemplary switching sequence in the on-load tap changer and an exemplary method according to the improved concept
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary current-voltage characteristic of a varistor according to the improved concept
  • FIG. 24a-e another exemplary switching sequence in the on-load tap changer and a further exemplary method according to the improved concept
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer according to the improved concept.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of an on-load tap changer L for uninterrupted switching between winding taps WA1 and WA2 of control windings R of a step transformer (not shown) according to the center switching principle.
  • the step transformer has a first winding W1 and a second winding W2, the first winding W1 comprising a first control winding R1 with first winding taps WA1 and the second winding W2 a second control winding R2 with second winding taps WA2.
  • the on-load tap changer L has a diverter switch LU for performing the switchover between two of the first winding taps WA1 or between two of the second winding taps WA2.
  • the on-load tap changer L comprises at least four fixed contacts F1, F2, F3, F4, which are each connected to the tap in the tap of the step transformer.
  • the total number of fixed contacts depends on the number of winding taps.
  • the fixed contacts F1 and F3 are each assigned to one of the first winding taps WA1 and the fixed contacts F2 and F4 are each assigned to one of the second winding taps WA2.
  • the on-load tap-changer L comprises a selector W with a total of four movable contacts B1, B2, B3, B4, which can each contact each of the fixed contacts.
  • the first and third movable contacts B1 and B3 are electrically conductively connected to one another via a main branch Z1 and the second and fourth movable contacts B2 and B4 are electrically conductively connected to one another via an auxiliary branch Z2.
  • the main branch Z1 consists of a parallel connection with a switching element SE and a permanent main contact MC.
  • the switching element SE is preferably designed as a vacuum switching tube.
  • the auxiliary branch Z2 has a current-limiting element V.
  • the current-limiting element V is preferably designed as a varistor.
  • the load current I L flows here via the main branch Z1.
  • the permanent main contact MC is closed.
  • the vacuum interrupter SE is open or closed.
  • the varistor V is in the blocking state.
  • FIGS. 2a to 2g an exemplary switching sequence of the on-load tap changer L according to the new concept is described, switching between fixed contact F1 and fixed contact F3, or the corresponding winding taps, in the first switching direction.
  • a step a the switching element SE is or is closed.
  • the load current k flows from the second control winding R2 of the step transformer via the second fixed contact F2 and the associated winding tap WA2 to the second movable contact B2 and further via the main branch Z1 and the closed permanent main contact MC and, if appropriate, the closed switching element SE to the first movable contact B1.
  • the load current L flows through the first Festkon clock F1 and the associated winding tap WA1 into the first regulating winding R1 of the step transformer.
  • a next step b (cf. FIG. 2b) the third movable contact B3 can be moved from the first fixed contact F1 to the second fixed contact F2 and the fourth movable contact B4 can be moved from the second fixed contact F2 to the third fixed contact F3 without current.
  • a step c the permanent main contact MC is opened.
  • the load current I I therefore flows in the main branch Z1 only via the closed switching element SE.
  • a step d the switching element SE is opened.
  • the load current I L is switched from the main branch Z1 to the auxiliary branch Z2.
  • the load current I I now flows from the second control winding R2 of the step transformer via the second fixed contact F2 and the associated winding tap WA2 to the third movable contact B3 and further via the auxiliary branch Z2 and the varistor V to the fourth movable contact B4. From there, the load current L flows via the third fixed contact F3 and the associated winding tap WA1 into the first control winding R1 of the step transformer.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a typical current-voltage characteristic of a varistor as used in accordance with the improved concept, for example a metal oxide varistor based on zinc oxide. From this it can be seen that the voltage drop in the open state is not significantly dependent on the current, in particular in comparison to a linear current-voltage characteristic of an ohmic resistor.
  • a next step e (cf. FIG. 2e), the first movable contact B1 is moved from the first fixed contact F1 to the second fixed contact F2 and the second movable contact B2 is de-energized from the second fixed contact F2 to the third fixed contact F3.
  • a step f (see FIG. 2f), the switching element SE is closed again.
  • the load current now flows again via the main branch Z1.
  • a step g the permanent main contact MC is closed again. Since after the switching element SE is opened again or remains closed.
  • the step switch L is now again in a stationary position, in which the first movable contact B1 and the third movable contact B3 both the second fixed contact F2, and the second movable contact B2 and the fourth movable contact B4 both the third fixed contact F3 to contact.
  • the load current L flows from the second control winding R2 via the second fixed contact F2 and the associated winding tap WA2 to the first movable contact B1 and further via the main branch Z1 and the closed permanent main contact and possibly via the closed switching element SE to the second movable contact B2. From there, the load current L flows via the third fixed contact F3 and the associated winding tap WA1 into the first control winding R1 of the step transformer.
  • the varistor is again in the blocked state.
  • the switching steps a to g are carried out in exactly the opposite order.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4e A further, exemplary embodiment of a switching sequence of the on-load tap changer L according to the new concept is described in FIGS. 4a to 4e, with switching in the second switching direction between the third fixed contact F3 and the first fixed contact F1, or the corresponding winding taps.
  • the starting position for the switching sequence corresponds to the stationary position of the on-load tap changer L described under FIG. 1 or FIG. 2g.
  • a step a ' (see FIG. 4a)
  • the switching element SE is closed or remains closed.
  • the third movable contact B3 is de-energized from the second fixed contact F2 to the first fixed contact F1 and the fourth movable contact B4 is de-energized from the third fixed contact F3 to the second fixed contact F2.
  • a step b ' (cf. FIG. 4b)
  • the permanent main contact MC is first opened and then the switching element SE.
  • the load current I L is switched from the main branch Z1 to the auxiliary branch Z2.
  • the load current L now flows from the second regulating winding R2 of the step transformer via the second fixed contact F2 and the associated winding tap WA2 to the fourth movable contact B4 and further via the auxiliary branch Z2 and the varistor V to the third movable contact B3.
  • the load current I L flows through the first fixed contact F1 and the associated winding tap WA1 into the first control winding R1 of the step transformer.
  • the voltage drop across the varistor increases, for example, to about 1.2 to 1.5 times the step voltage.
  • a step c ' (cf. FIG. 4c)
  • the first movable contact B1 is moved from the second fixed contact F2 to the first fixed contact F1 without current and the second movable contact B2 is moved from the third fixed contact F3 to the second fixed contact F2 without current.
  • a step d ' (see FIG. 4d) the switching element SE is closed again.
  • the load current I L now flows again via the main branch Z1.
  • the switching element SE is opened again or remains closed.
  • the on-load tap changer L is again in the stationary position, which is shown in FIG. 2a is.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the on-load tap changer L according to the new concept, the switching element SE being designed as a semiconductor switching element, in particular as two thyristors connected in anti-parallel.
  • the semiconductor switching element takes on the same function as the vacuum interrupter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un commutateur de puissance à prises (L) permettant une commutation sans coupure entre des branchements d'enroulement d'un transformateur à prises. Le transformateur à prises comprend un premier et un second enroulement (W1, W2), le premier enroulement (W1) comportant un premier enroulement de régulation (R1) pourvu de premiers branchements d'enroulement (WA1), et le second enroulement (W2) comportant un second enroulement de régulation (R2) pourvu de seconds branchements d'enroulement (WA2). Le commutateur de puissance à prises (L) comprend un commutateur de puissance (LU) pour exécuter une commutation entre deux des premiers branchements d'enroulement (WA1) ou entre deux des seconds branchements d'enroulement (WA2). Le commutateur de puissance (LU) comporte une branche principale (Z1) ayant au moins un élément d'interruption (SE) et une branche auxiliaire (Z2) ayant au moins un élément limiteur de courant (V), par exemple un varistor.
PCT/EP2019/069939 2018-10-19 2019-07-24 Commutateur de puissance à prises, transformateur à prises pour la régulation de tension et procédé d'exécution d'une commutation dans un transformateur à prises WO2020078599A1 (fr)

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DE102018125980.8 2018-10-19
DE102018125980 2018-10-19

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WO2020078599A1 true WO2020078599A1 (fr) 2020-04-23
WO2020078599A8 WO2020078599A8 (fr) 2020-08-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022089870A1 (fr) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Changeur de prises en charge et procédé pour actionner un changeur de prises en charge

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1864305A2 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2007-12-12 Areva T&D SA Changeur de prise en charge
DE102010008974A1 (de) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, 93059 Stufenschalter
EP3039698A1 (fr) 2013-08-27 2016-07-06 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Changeur de prises en charge, transformateur à prises pour le réglage de tension et procédé d'exécution d'un changement de prises du transformateur
EP3086343A1 (fr) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-26 Ormazabal Corporate Technology, A.I.E. Changeur de prises en charge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1864305A2 (fr) * 2005-03-31 2007-12-12 Areva T&D SA Changeur de prise en charge
DE102010008974A1 (de) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-25 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, 93059 Stufenschalter
EP3039698A1 (fr) 2013-08-27 2016-07-06 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH Changeur de prises en charge, transformateur à prises pour le réglage de tension et procédé d'exécution d'un changement de prises du transformateur
EP3086343A1 (fr) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-26 Ormazabal Corporate Technology, A.I.E. Changeur de prises en charge

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022089870A1 (fr) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-05 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Changeur de prises en charge et procédé pour actionner un changeur de prises en charge

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