WO2010069212A1 - 一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器 - Google Patents

一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器 Download PDF

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WO2010069212A1
WO2010069212A1 PCT/CN2009/074817 CN2009074817W WO2010069212A1 WO 2010069212 A1 WO2010069212 A1 WO 2010069212A1 CN 2009074817 W CN2009074817 W CN 2009074817W WO 2010069212 A1 WO2010069212 A1 WO 2010069212A1
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way
nozzle
flame ionization
hydrogen flame
ionization detector
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PCT/CN2009/074817
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English (en)
French (fr)
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关亚风
王建伟
朱道乾
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中国科学院大连化学物理研究所
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Publication of WO2010069212A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010069212A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
    • G01N30/64—Electrical detectors
    • G01N30/68—Flame ionisation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/626—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using heat to ionise a gas

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  • the invention is a hydrogen flame ionization detector, in particular a small hydrogen flame ionization detector suitable for portable gas chromatography and total hydrocarbon analyzers. Background technique
  • the hydrogen flame ionization detector was proposed by scholars from Australia and South Africa in 1958. Its working principle is that chemical ions are chemically ionized in hydrogen flame, dissociated into carbon cations. Under the action of electric field, carbon cations are collected. The polar orientation moves, and the resulting microcurrent is measurable by an electrostatic amplifier, reflecting the corresponding information of the chromatographic effluent component.
  • the hydrogen flame ionization detector is responsive to most organic substances and has high sensitivity. It is the most commonly used general-purpose detector in gas chromatography.
  • Portable small or micro gas chromatographs have received widespread attention due to their on-site analytical capabilities.
  • Traditional hydrogen flame ionization detectors are not suitable for portable or micro gas chromatographs due to their large size, energy consumption and high operating gas source consumption, so developed countries are developing small hydrogen flame ionization detectors.
  • Zhang Xiangmin, etc. [Zhang Xiangmin, Deng Chunhui, etc., Micro Flame Ionization Detector, National Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, ZL Patent No. 02215763.8] adopts a method of miniaturizing conventional FID, and develops a small FID with flow rate
  • the hydrogen of mL/min is used as the tail gas and combustion gas of the small FID, which reduces the type of gas source and reduces the gas consumption.
  • micro FID the performance of the micro FID is improved, and the components at the concentration level of 50 ppb can be directly detected.
  • micro-FIDs that have been reported are only suitable for use with small-diameter capillaries and are not suitable for large-bore capillaries and packed columns. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a small FID realized based on conventional machining means.
  • the internal auxiliary combustion gas of the detector does not flow out from the lower part of the hydrogen flame nozzle, but flows out from the gap between the collector and the casing above the nozzle, so that the distribution of the combustion gas is more uniform, and the flame The combustion is more stable, completely eliminating the dead volume of the combustion chamber and significantly reducing the noise floor of the detector.
  • the polarization voltage of the hydrogen flame nozzle is not applied from the side of the nozzle, but is introduced from the metal conduit connected to the nozzle, avoiding the problem of connecting the electrodes in the crowded space inside the detector.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a small-sized hydrogen flame ionization detector, which comprises a four-way and a nozzle assembly, and the two sides of the four-way lateral direction are respectively an air inlet and an outgoing micro-current signal line.
  • the outlet, the micro-current signal line is drawn from a pressure cap, and the pressure cap is sealed at the signal line outlet;
  • a metal collector is fixed in the longitudinal through hole of the four-way through the high temperature resistant insulating sleeve A, and the high temperature resistant insulating sleeve
  • the tube A is disposed inside the upper port of the four-way longitudinal direction and closely fits with the upper port of the four-way; the upper end of the metal collector closely fits the inner side wall of the high-temperature resistant insulating sleeve A, and the lower end is suspended in the longitudinal direction of the four-way
  • the lower end of the lower port; the lower end of the four-way is fixedly connected with a two-way through the sleeve; the spout is fixedly connected to one end of the lead pipe, and the lead-pipe casing is provided with a high-temperature resistant insulating sleeve B, and is sleeved by the high-temperature resistant insulating sleeve B On the inner wall of the second passage, the spout is inserted into the two-way.
  • micro-current signal line is drawn from a pressure cap, and the pressure cap is sealed at the signal line outlet through the ferrule A, and the ferrule A and the outlet end of the four-way lead-out micro-current signal line are screwed together.
  • the sleeve is threaded through a nut, and the sleeve is fixed in the two-way through the ferrule B, and the ferrule B is screwed to the outer wall of the two-way.
  • the spout is a metal tube with an inner diameter of 60 ⁇ 190 ⁇ and an outer diameter of 250 ⁇ ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the spout is located 2 mm below the metal collector to a depth of 1.6 mm inside the metal collector.
  • the polarization voltage of the detector is introduced from the outside of the detector cell body through the metal lead pipe to the nozzle, and the metal lead pipe is used as the polarization voltage introducing pole and integrated with the nozzle; the polarization voltage is between 150 and 800V.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic overall view of the m-FID of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic exploded view showing the structure of the m-FID of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a spectrum of analysis of alkanes using the m-FID of the present invention. detailed description
  • the entire m-FID of the present invention is realized by ordinary machined parts, including four-way, two-way, metal pipes of different specifications, metal capillary tubes, high temperature resistant insulating sleeves, ferrules and pressure caps. Therefore, it is easy to assemble and low in cost.
  • the air conduit and the micro-current amplifier shielded wires are respectively connected to the left and right entrances of the metal four-way, and are fixed and sealed by the ferrule.
  • the collector pole is fixed in the longitudinal through hole of the four-way through the high-temperature resistant insulating tube in a tight fit, the upper end of the four-way
  • the outlet is provided with a dustproof nut, the lower end outlet is connected with a metal sleeve, the gap between the sleeve and the collector is an air passage, and the sleeve is connected to the second pass, and the whole structure including the nozzle and the polarizer is passed through the ferrule fixed.
  • the nozzle is fixed coaxially with the guide tube, the chromatograph capillary is inserted into the bottom of the nozzle, and the combustion gas is also used as a purge gas, and the dead volume can be neglected.
  • the metal tube jacket is made of a high temperature resistant insulating tube, which becomes the integral structure of the nozzle, and the polarization voltage is applied to the metal lead tube through the gap of the high temperature resistant insulating tube.
  • a small-sized hydrogen flame ionization detector includes a four-way and a nozzle assembly, and the left and right ports of the four-way 101 are respectively an air inlet 105 and an outlet of the micro-current signal line 104, and the micro-current signal line 104 is drawn from a pressure
  • the cap 106 is strung through, the pressure cap 106 is sealed at the signal line outlet, and the ferrule A107 is screwed with the outlet end of the drawn micro-current signal line 104 of the four-way 101;
  • a metal collector 103 is fixed in the longitudinal through hole of the four-way 101 through the high-temperature resistant insulating sleeve A102.
  • the high-temperature resistant insulating sleeve A102 is disposed inside the upper port of the longitudinal direction of the four-way 101, and is closely attached to the upper port of the four-way 101.
  • the upper end of the metal collector 103 is closely attached to the inner side wall of the high temperature resistant insulating sleeve A102, and the lower end is suspended inside the lower port of the longitudinal direction of the four-way 101;
  • the lower end of the four-way 101 is fixedly connected with the two-way 301 through the sleeve 201, the sleeve 201 is strung from a nut 302, and the sleeve 201 is fixed in the two-way 301 through the ferrule B303, and the sleeve B303 and the second pass 301 are fixed.
  • the outer wall of the outer tube is screwed; the nozzle 401 is fixed to one end of a lead pipe 402, and the outer tube of the lead pipe 402 is provided with a high temperature resistant insulating sleeve B403, and is sleeved on the inner wall of the second pass 301 through the high temperature resistant insulating sleeve B403, so that the spout is made
  • the 401 extends into the two-way 301, and 401, 402 and 403 form a spout assembly.
  • the nozzle 401 is a metal tube, the inner diameter of the nozzle is 60 ⁇ 190 ⁇ , and the outer diameter is 250 ⁇ ⁇ 1 mm; the joint 404 is formed by the pressure connection, welding or inorganic glue bonding between the nozzle 401 and the stainless steel guide tube 402; the nozzle 401 is located
  • the metal collector 103 can be 2 mm below the metal collector 103 and can extend 1.6 mm deep inside the metal collector 103.
  • the polarization voltage of the detector is introduced from the outside of the detector cell through the metal via 402 to the nozzle 401, which acts as a polarization voltage introduction pole and is integrated with the nozzle.
  • the polarization voltage is between 150 and 800V.
  • the combustion air purges the joints of the components in the combustion chamber and the dead zone at the bottom of the nozzle, eliminating the dead volume of the combustion chamber and reducing the tailing of the solvent peak.
  • Guide tube 402 is a stainless steel tube with a length of 35 mm and an outer diameter of 1.6 mm;
  • 1.2 Spout 401 is a stainless steel capillary with a length of 8 mm, an inner diameter of 150 ⁇ , and an outer diameter of 360 ⁇ . Put it into the stainless steel guide tube 402 and stick it with inorganic glue;
  • Collector 103 is a stainless steel tube with a length of 20 mm, an inner diameter of 2.2 mm and an outer diameter of 3.0 mm;
  • Brass four-way 101 The upper and lower two through holes have an inner diameter of 4 mm, and the left and right interfaces are respectively used for the air line and the collecting lead;
  • the high temperature resistant insulating tube A102 between the collector 103 and the four-way 101 is a PTFE tube having an outer diameter of 3.8 mm;
  • the high temperature resistant insulating tube between the 402 and the second pass B403 is a PTFE tube with a length of 1.6 mm and an outer diameter of 2.5 mm;
  • Guide tube 402 is a nickel tube with a length of 30 mm, an inner diameter of 800 ⁇ , and an outer diameter of 1.6 mm;
  • 1.2 spout 401 is 7 mm long, inner diameter 250 ⁇ , outer diameter 790 ⁇ stainless steel capillary, inserted into the nickel lead tube 4022 mm deep and welded;
  • Collector 103 is a stainless steel tube with a length of 24 mm, an inner diameter of 3 mm and an outer diameter of 4 mm;
  • the upper and lower through holes of the stainless steel four-way 101 have an inner diameter of 6.0 mm, and the left and right interfaces are respectively used for the air line and the collector lead;
  • the high temperature insulating tube between the collector 103 and the four-way 101 A102 is a polyether ether ketone tube with an outer diameter of 5.0 mm;
  • the high-temperature insulating tube between the 402 and the two-way B403 is a ceramic tube with a certain inner diameter of 1.8 mm and an outer diameter of 3.2 mm, and is adhered to the outer wall of the guiding tube 402 with an inorganic rubber sleeve;

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Description

一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器 技术领域
本发明是氢火焰离子化检测器， 特别是一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器，适用于便 携式气相色谱仪和总烃分析仪。 背景技术
氢火焰离子化检测器是在 1958年分别由澳大利亚和南非的学者提出的， 其工作 原理是有机物在氢火焰中发生化学电离， 离解为碳正离子， 在电场的作用下， 碳正离 子向收集极定向移动， 所形成的微电流经静电放大器得到可测量的信号， 反映出色谱 流出组分的相应信息。氢火焰离子化检测器对于绝大多有机物都有响应，且灵敏度高， 是目前气相色谱中最常用的通用型检测器。
便携式小型或微型气相色谱仪因其所具有的现场分析能力而得到普遍的重视。传 统的氢火焰离子化检测器由于体积大、能耗和工作气源消耗高， 并不适合便携式或微 型气相色谱仪， 所以发达国家都在 发展小型氢火焰离子化检测器。
例如： 国内张祥民等 [张祥民， 邓春晖等， 微型火焰离子化检测器， 中华人民共 和国国家知识产权局， ZL专利号 02215763.8]采用将常规 FID小型化的方法， 研制 的小型 FID， 用流量为 Ί mL/min的氢气作为小型 FID的尾吹气和燃烧气， 减少了气 源的种类， 并降低了气体消耗； S.Zimmermanna 禾 B P.Krippner 等 [S.Zimmermanna, P.Krippne Micro flame ionization detector and micro flame spectrometer, sensors and actuators, B63(2000)159-163 ]采用微加工技术， 在三层单晶硅结构上制作出微型 FID， 气体消耗大为降低，使其适合于芯片式微型色谱仪器系统和便携式气相色谱仪； K. B. Thurbide; T.C. Hayward [K. Β. Thurbide; T.C. Hayward Improved micro-flame ionization detection method for gas chromatography, Anal Chim Acta, 519(2004)121-128] 采取了氧 气和氢气相对流动的方式，不仅最大限度地简化了结构，而且得到小而稳定的氢火焰， 一定程度上提高了微型 FID的性能， 可直接检出 50ppb浓度水平的组分。但是， 已报 到的微型 FID只适合细内径毛细管使用， 不适合大口径毛细管和填充柱使用。 发明内容
基于上述技术背景， 本发明提供了一种基于常规机械加工手段实现的小型 FID。 与已有设计不同的是， 检测器的内部辅助燃烧气不是从氢火焰喷嘴下部流出， 而是从 位于喷嘴上方的收集极与壳体之间的缝隙流出， 使助燃气分布更加均勾，火焰燃烧的 更加稳定， 完全消除了燃烧室死体积， 明显降低了检测器的本底噪音。 另外， 氢火焰 喷嘴的极化电压不是从喷口的侧面施加上的， 而是从与喷嘴连接的金属导管引入的， 避免了在检测器内部拥挤空间内连接电极的问题。
为实现以上目的， 本发明所采用的技术方案为- 一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 包括四通和喷口组件， 四通横向上的、左右两端 口分别为空气入口和引出微电流信号线出口， 引出微电流信号线从一压帽中串过， 压 帽封堵于信号线出口处；
一金属收集极通过耐高温绝缘套管 A固定在四通的纵向通孔中， 耐高温绝缘套 管 A设置于四通纵向方向的上端口内侧、 并与四通上端口紧密贴合； 金属收集极的 上端与耐高温绝缘套管 A内侧壁紧密贴合， 下端悬置于四通纵向方向的下端口内侧； 四通的下端通过套管固接有二通； 喷口固接于一引管的一端， 引管外套设有耐高 温绝缘套管 B， 并通过耐高温绝缘套管 B套设于二通内壁上， 使喷口伸入至二通内。
引出微电流信号线从一压帽中串过， 压帽通过卡套 A封堵于信号线出口处， 卡 套 A与四通的引出微电流信号线出口端相螺合。
套管从一螺帽中串过， 套管通过卡套 B固接于二通内， 卡套 B与二通的外壁相 螺合。
喷口为金属管， 喷口内径为 60~190 μηι， 外径为 250 μηι ~ 1 mm。
喷口与不锈钢引管之间通过压接、 焊接或无机胶粘结形成结合部；
喷口位于金属收集极下方 2 mm至伸入金属收集极内部 1.6 mm深处均可。
检测器的极化电压从检测器池体外部通过金属引管引入到喷口，金属引管作为极 化电压引入极， 且与喷口成为一体； 所述极化电压在 150〜800V之间。
本发明具有以下特点：
1 )改变了传统 FID的结构组成，使 FID各部分在空间分布的位置关系更加合理。 助燃气体在燃烧室内的均勾分布， 无涡旋流动流形， 使得检测器基流噪音十分低， 在 总离子流较低的情况下得到很高的信噪比；
2) 采用金属毛细管作为喷口， 比使用石英喷口获得了更高的响应值和信噪比， 检出限可达 20 ppb;
3 ) 极化电压从检测器外部引入， 避免了在检测器内部拥挤空间内连接电极的问 题；
4) 气体消耗量仅为常规检测器的 1/3〜 1/4， 加热至 150°C时能耗为 5W;
5 ) 结构简单， 便于组装、 拆卸和清洗。 附图说明
图 1为本发明 m-FID的整体示意图。
图 2为本发明 m-FID的结构分解示意图。
其中： 101—四通； 102—耐高温绝缘套管 A; 103—收集极； 104—收集极引出电 极； 105—空气引入口； 106—压帽； 107—卡套 A; 201—不锈钢套管； 300—燃烧室； 301—二通； 302—螺帽； 303—卡套 B; 401—喷口金属毛细管； 402—引管； 403—耐 高温绝缘管 B; 404—喷口与引管之间结合部。
图 3为利用本发明 m-FID分析烷烃的谱图。 具体实施方式
本发明整个 m-FID都采用普通机械加工的零部件实现， 包括四通， 二通， 不同 规格的金属管， 金属毛细管， 耐高温绝缘套管， 卡套和压帽等。 所以便于组装且成本 低廉。
由金属四通左右两入口分别接入空气导管和微电流放大器屏蔽导线，并用卡套固 定和密封。
收集极通过耐高温绝缘管以紧配合的方式固定在四通的纵向通孔中，四通的上端 出口加防尘螺帽， 其下端出口接金属套管， 套管和收集极之间的缝隙为空气的通道， 套管下连接二通， 包括喷口和极化极的整体结构通过卡套与之固定。
喷口与引管同轴固定， 色谱毛细管插入到喷口底部， 燃烧气兼做吹扫气， 死体积 可以忽略。 金属引管外套耐高温绝缘管， 成为喷口的整体结构， 极化电压通过耐高温 绝缘管的缺口加到金属引管上。
实施例 1
参见图 1和图 2， 一种可用于便携式气相色谱的小型离子化检测器， 组成部分如 图所示。
一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 包括四通和喷口组件， 四通 101横向上的、左右 两端口分别为空气入口 105和引出微电流信号线 104 出口， 引出微电流信号线 104 从一压帽 106中串过， 压帽 106封堵于信号线出口处， 卡套 A107与四通 101的引出 微电流信号线 104出口端相螺合；
一金属收集极 103通过耐高温绝缘套管 A102固定在四通 101的纵向通孔中， 耐 高温绝缘套管 A102设置于四通 101纵向方向的上端口内侧、 并与四通 101上端口紧 密贴合； 金属收集极 103的上端与耐高温绝缘套管 A102内侧壁紧密贴合， 下端悬置 于四通 101纵向方向的下端口内侧；
四通 101的下端通过套管 201固接有二通 301， 套管 201从一螺帽 302中串过， 套管 201通过卡套 B303固接于二通 301内， 卡套 B303与二通 301的外壁相螺合； 喷口 401固接于一引管 402的一端， 引管 402外套设有耐高温绝缘套管 B403， 并通 过耐高温绝缘套管 B403套设于二通 301内壁上， 使喷口 401伸入至二通 301内， 由 401、 402和 403构成一个喷口组件。
喷口 401为金属管， 喷口内径为 60~190 μηι, 外径为 250 μηι 〜 1 mm; 喷口 401 与不锈钢引管 402之间通过压接、 焊接或无机胶粘结形成结合部 404; 喷口 401位于 金属收集极 103下方 2 mm至伸入金属收集极 103内部 1.6 mm深处均可。
检测器的极化电压从检测器池体外部通过金属引管 402引入到喷口 401， 金属引 管 402作为极化电压引入极， 且与喷口成为一体。
所述极化电压在 150〜800V之间。
空气从四通的左端入口进入， 沿收集极与四通之间的缝隙下行流入燃烧室（金属 收集极的下端与二通上端间的空腔形成燃烧室 300; 通过收集极的内部向上流出检测 器；助燃空气吹扫了燃烧室内部件的接缝和喷口底部的死区，消除了燃烧室的死体积， 使溶剂峰拖尾减小。
1 . 极化极和喷嘴：
1.1引管 402为长 35 mm、 外径 1.6 mm的不锈钢管；
1.2喷口 401为长 8 mm、 内径 150 μηι、 外径 360 μηι的不锈钢毛细管。 将其套入 不锈钢引管 402中， 用无机胶粘牢；
2. 收集极 103为长 20 mm、 内径 2.2 mm、 外径 3.0 mm的不锈钢管；
3.黄铜四通 101的上下两通孔内径为 4 mm，左右两接口分别用于空气管路和收 集极引线；
4. 不锈钢二通 301内径为 3 mm;
5. M6 x l黄铜螺帽 401和压帽 106， 用于池体接入零件的固定和密封； 6. 收集极 103和四通 101间的耐高温绝缘管 A102为外径 3.8mm的聚四氟乙烯 管；
7.引管 402和二通间的耐高温绝缘管 B403为一定长度内径 1.6 mm外径 2.5 mm 的聚四氟乙烯管；
8、 m-FID的安装： 把加工好的零部件按照图 1的方式组装， 控制喷嘴和收集极 之间的位置关系， 如附图 1所示， 把 m-FID固定好， 之后安装到测试仪器上， 连接 好空气、 氢气及载气的管路， 加极化电压， 连接屏蔽线， 即可。
实施例 2
1 . 极化极和喷嘴：
1.1引管 402为长 30 mm， 内径 800 μηι， 外径 1.6 mm的镍管；
1.2喷口 401为长 7 mm， 内径 250 μηι， 外径 790 μηι不锈钢毛细管， 插入镍引管 4022 mm深并焊接；
2. 收集极 103为长 24 mm、 内径 3 mm、 外径 4 mm的不锈钢管；
3. 不锈钢四通 101的上下两通孔内径为 6.0 mm， 左右两接口分别用于空气管路 和收集极引线；
4. 不锈钢二通 301内径为 4 mm;
5. M6 x l黄铜螺帽 401和压帽 106， 用于池体接入零件的固定和密封；
6.收集极 103和四通 101间的耐高温绝缘管 A102为外径 5.0 mm的聚醚醚酮管；
7.引管 402和二通间的耐高温绝缘管 B403为一定长度内径 1.8 mm，外径 3.2 mm 的陶瓷管， 用无机胶套粘在引管 402的外壁；
组装步骤同实施例 1。
应用例 1
应用本发明分析烷烃样品
色谱条件： OV-1 30 M X 0.53 mmX Ι .Ομηι弹性石英毛细管柱；进样口温度 250°C ; 检测器温度 180°C ; 柱箱温度： 程序升温； 载气 （氢气）流量： 8 mL/min; 空气流量： 90 mL/min; 省略尾吹气； 分流比 20: 1， 所得谱图如附图 3所示。

Claims

1.一种小型氢火焰离子化检测器，包括四通和喷口组件，其特征在于：四通（101) 横向上的、 左右两端口分别为空气入口 （105)和引出微电流信号线 （104) 出口， 引 出微电流信号线 （104)从一压帽 （106) 中穿过， 压帽 （106)封堵于信号线出口处； 一金属收集极 （103) 通过耐高温绝缘套管 A (102) 固定在四通 （101) 的纵向 通孔中， 耐高温绝缘套管 A (102)设置于四通（101)纵向方向的上端口内侧、 并与 四通（101)上端口紧密贴合； 金属收集极（103) 的上端与耐高温绝缘套管 A (102) 内侧壁紧密贴合， 下端悬置于四通 （101) 纵向方向的下端口内侧；
四通 （101) 的下端通过套管 （201) 固接有二通 （301); 喷口 （401) 固接于一 引管 （402) 的一端， 引管 （402)外套设有耐高温绝缘套管 B (403)， 并通过耐高温 绝缘套管 B (403)套设于二通（301) 内壁上， 使喷口 （401)伸入至二通（301) 内， 由喷口 （401)、 引管 （402) 和耐高温绝缘套管 B (403) 构成一个喷口组件。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 助燃气体是 通过金属收集极（ 103 )与四通（ 101 )纵向通孔壁之间的缝隙向下流出，经过二通（ 301 ) 管壁与收集极 （103) 之间的缝隙， 进入燃烧室 （300) 中。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 引出微电流 信号线 （104) 从一压帽 （106) 中穿过， 压帽 （106)通过卡套 A (107)封堵于信号 线出口处， 卡套 A (107)与四通 （101) 的引出微电流信号线 （104) 出口端相螺合。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 套管 （201) 从一螺帽 （302) 中串过， 套管 （201) 通过卡套 B (303) 固接于二通 （301) 内， 卡 套 B (303) 与二通 （301) 的外壁相螺合。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 喷口 （401) 为金属管， 喷口内径为 60~190μηι， 外径为 250 μηι ~ 1 mm。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 喷口 （401) 与不锈钢引管 （402) 之间通过压接、 焊接或无机胶粘结形成结合部 （404)。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 喷口 （401) 位于金属收集极（103)下方 2mm至伸入金属收集极（103) 内部 1.6 mm深处均可。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 检测器的极 化电压从检测器池体外部通过金属引管 （402) 引入到喷口 （401)， 金属引管 （402) 作为极化电压引入极， 且与喷口成为一体。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的小型氢火焰离子化检测器， 其特征在于： 所述极化电 压在 150〜800V之间。
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