WO2010062018A1 - Turbine à axe vertical - Google Patents

Turbine à axe vertical Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010062018A1
WO2010062018A1 PCT/KR2009/003392 KR2009003392W WO2010062018A1 WO 2010062018 A1 WO2010062018 A1 WO 2010062018A1 KR 2009003392 W KR2009003392 W KR 2009003392W WO 2010062018 A1 WO2010062018 A1 WO 2010062018A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hub
spokes
vertical axis
axis turbine
central shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2009/003392
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Seung Jo Kim
Original Assignee
Snu R & Db Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Snu R & Db Foundation filed Critical Snu R & Db Foundation
Priority to KR1020117014534A priority Critical patent/KR101267853B1/ko
Publication of WO2010062018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010062018A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/40—Arrangements or methods specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to vertical axis turbines and, more particularly, to a vertical axis turbine which is applied to a generating device using a fluid.
  • turbines include a hydraulic turbine, a steam turbine, a wind turbine, a gas turbine and etc.
  • Turbines are devices which are used to generate electric power using mechanical force through a rotating shaft.
  • the turbines are typically classified into a horizontal axis turbine and a vertical axis turbine.
  • the turbine using a horizontal axis is operated in a propeller-rotation manner and has a high power generating efficiency.
  • this turbine is problematic in that the direction of a rotor must be changed according to the flow direction of a fluid, and a device for changing the angle of the blades according to the flow intensity of the fluid is required.
  • the shaft of the rotor is positioned to be at least as high as the radius of the rotor.
  • the generator in order to connect the rotor shaft located at a high position to a generator, the generator is installed at the same height as the rotor shaft, so that the rotating shaft of the generator and the rotating shaft of the rotor are installed at an almost similar position, or a device for converting horizontal rotating force into vertical rotating force is installed and connected to the generator.
  • the former case is problematic in that mechanical damage may occur because of the strong flow of fluid and maintenance is difficult.
  • the latter case is problematic in that the loss of energy occurs while horizontal rotating force is converted into vertical rotating force.
  • the wind turbine uses a Darrius rotor or a Savonius rotor.
  • the Darrius rotor is problematic in that the output of a generator is low and the rotor cannot operate for itself in an initial stage, so that an auxiliary one-rotation power device is required.
  • the Savonius rotor uses the drag force of wind, so that its rotating speed cannot be higher than the speed of wind, and thus the number of rotations of the rotating shaft is limited. For the reason, the Savonius rotor is mainly used as a wind power device which has a small number of rotations.
  • the hydraulic turbine uses a Gorlov turbine.
  • the Gorlov turbine can be rotated even at a low flow rate.
  • the conventional vertical axis turbine includes a central shaft, an upper hub, a lower hub and a plurality of blades.
  • the central shaft is positioned vertically to the flow direction of fluid and transmits power to a generator.
  • the upper hub is provided on the upper portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of upper spokes being radially provided on the upper hub.
  • the lower hub is provided on the lower portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of lower spokes being radially provided on the lower hub.
  • One end of each blade is secured to the associated upper spoke of the upper hub, and the other end is secured to the associated lower spoke of the lower hub.
  • the conventional vertical axis turbine has a drawback in that efficiency of energy generated in the vertical axis turbine is reduced when the flow direction of the fluid is not constant and changes frequently. That is, since the blades are secured to the turbine, each blade cannot maintain an optimized pitch angle relative to the fluid flow direction which changes frequently.
  • the upper spokes are radially secured to the upper hub and the lower spokes are radially secured to the lower hub, thus causing inconvenience due to a large volume when the turbine is carried.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a vertical axis turbine, which can adjust the pitch angle of a blade according to the flow direction of fluid, and can change the volume occupied by the vertical axis turbine, thus allowing easy movement and installation.
  • the present invention provides a vertical axis turbine, including a central shaft positioned vertically to a direction of fluid flow and transmitting power to a generator, an upper hub provided on an upper portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of upper spokes radially coupled to the upper hub, a lower hub provided on a lower portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of lower spokes radially coupled to the lower hub, a plurality of blades provided to rotate around rotating shafts, a first end of each of the rotating shafts being rotatably coupled to an associated upper spoke of the upper hub, and a second end of each of the rotating shafts being rotatably coupled to an associated lower spoke of the lower hub, a pitch control unit rotating the blades in a horizontal direction, thus controlling a pitch angle of each of the blades, a detection unit detecting a flow rate and a flow direction of fluid, a drive unit driving the pitch control unit and having an actuating part which supplies action force to the pitch control unit based on data detected
  • the present invention provides a vertical axis turbine, including a central shaft positioned vertically to a direction of fluid flow and transmitting power to a generator, an upper hub provided on an upper portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of upper spokes radially coupled to the upper hub, a lower hub provided on a lower portion of the central shaft, with a plurality of lower spokes radially coupled to the lower hub, a plurality of blades provided to rotate around rotating shafts, a first end of each of the rotating shafts being rotatably coupled to an associated upper spoke of the upper hub, and a second end of each of the rotating shafts being rotatably coupled to an associated lower spoke of the lower hub, a servomotor provided on at least one of the upper spokes or the lower spokes and connected to the rotating shaft of the associated blade to change a blade pitch angle, a detection unit detecting a flow rate and a flow direction of fluid, a data storage unit storing an optimum blade pitch angle determined based on data detected by the detection unit,
  • the upper hub and the upper spokes may be coupled to each other via upper hinge shafts, and the lower hub and the lower spokes may be coupled to each other via lower hinge shafts.
  • the upper hub may include a stopper which limits a rotation of each of the upper hinge shafts, thus securing each of the upper spokes to the upper hub
  • the lower hub may include a stopper which limits a rotation of each of the lower hinge shafts, thus securing each of the lower spokes to the lower hub.
  • the vertical axis turbine may further include a locking holder which is detachably coupled to the upper hub and has a plurality of locking holes such that the upper spokes are fitted into the locking holes.
  • the locking holder may comprise a power generating locking holder which prevents the upper spokes opened radially in a power generating operation from rotating around the upper hinge shafts.
  • the locking holder may comprise a non-power generating locking holder which prevents the upper spokes closed straight in a non-power generating operation from rotating around the upper hinge shafts.
  • a fitting protrusion may be provided on either of an outer circumference of the upper hub or an inner circumference of the locking holder, and a fitting hole may be provided in a remaining one of the upper hub and the locking holder such that the fitting protrusion is inserted into the fitting hole.
  • a vertical axis turbine is advantageous in that the pitch angle of a blade can be optimally adjusted according to the flow direction and flow rate of fluid or the rotating speed of the turbine, thus maximizing energy conversion efficiency.
  • the vertical axis turbine is advantageous in that an upper spoke and a lower spoke are rotatably coupled to an upper hub and a lower hub, respectively, thus being capable of changing the volume occupied by the vertical axis turbine.
  • the vertical axis turbine is advantageous in that a support is detachably provided thereon, thus making it easy to assemble and disassemble.
  • the vertical axis turbine can be rapidly disassembled when a typhoon is forming or a flood occurs, thus preventing the vertical axis turbine from being broken or damaged. After the typhoon or flood has passed, the vertical axis turbine is reassembled and used.
  • the vertical axis turbine may be separated so as to not hinder the flow of water in the farming season, and may be assembled again to be used in the agricultural off-season.
  • the vertical axis turbine is advantageous in that it is easy to install and convenient to move, so that it can be used as a personal generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a vertical axis turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating the portion W of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the state in which upper and lower spokes rotate in the vertical axis turbine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view illustrating portion A of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view illustrating the pitch angle of a blade with respect to the flow of fluid in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8 through 11 are graphs illustrating the process of converging the pitch angle of the blade in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating one example of a blade pitch angle which is calculated through the method of determining the blade pitch angle in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating the state in which upper and lower spokes rotate in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating the coupling of the vertical axis turbine with a support according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fluid as described in the embodiments of the present invention may refer to either water or air.
  • a vertical axis turbine according to the present invention which will be described below may be used for water or wind power generation.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a vertical axis turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view illustrating portion W of FIG. 1.
  • the vertical axis turbine includes a central shaft 110 which is positioned vertically to the flow direction of fluid and transmits power to a generator.
  • An upper hub 120 is provided on the upper portion of the central shaft 110, with a plurality of upper spokes 121 radially coupled to the upper hub 120.
  • a lower hub 130 is provided on the lower portion of the central shaft 110, with a plurality of lower spokes 131 radially coupled to the lower hub 130.
  • a plurality of blades 140 is provided to rotate around rotating shafts (not shown). One end of each rotating shaft is rotatably coupled to each upper spoke 121 of the upper hub 120, while the other end is rotatably coupled to each lower spoke 131 of the lower hub 130.
  • a pitch control unit 150 rotates the blades 140 in a horizontal direction, thus controlling a pitch angle of each blade 140.
  • a detection unit functions to detect a flow rate and a flow direction.
  • a drive unit drives the pitch control unit 150 and is provided with an actuating part which supplies action force to the pitch control unit 150 based on data detected by the detection unit.
  • the central shaft 110 is rotatably coupled to a support F, one surface of which is in contact with a mounting surface.
  • the plurality of upper spokes 121 is rotatably coupled to the upper hub 120, while the plurality of lower spokes 131 is rotatably coupled to the lower hub 130.
  • the pitch control unit 150 includes a plurality of connectors 151, a rotary body 153, a guide 155 and a direction converting part.
  • Each connector 151 is connected at one end thereof to the action point of each blade 140 which is spaced apart from the rotating shaft of the blade 140 by a predetermined interval in the widthwise direction of the blade 140.
  • the other end of each connector 151 is connected to the rotary body 153 which is positioned using the center of the central shaft 110 as a reference position and rotates along with the hub.
  • the guide translationally moves and rotates the center of the rotary body 153 from the reference position so that the connectors 151 connected to the rotary body 153 sinusoidally change the blade pitch angle as the blades 140 rotate, and changes the phase of each blade 140 according to a wind direction, and linearly guides the rotary body 153.
  • the direction converting part to which the guide 155 is secured functions to rotate the guide 155.
  • the central shaft 110 is positioned vertically to the flow direction of fluid, and functions to transmit power to the generator (not shown).
  • the generator may be a generic generator, and is arranged to supply rotating force from the central shaft 110 without an additional change of direction. Further, a power transmission means such as a gear or belt may be used between the generator and the central shaft 110, and a general power intercepting means may be provided so as to prevent the generator from overloading.
  • the upper hub 120 is mounted to the upper portion of the central shaft 110, while the lower hub 130 is mounted to the lower portion of the central shaft 110.
  • the central shaft 110 is detachably coupled to the support F.
  • the upper spokes 121 are rotatably coupled to the upper hub 120 at regular intervals. That is, the upper hub 120 and the upper spokes 121 are coupled to each other via upper hinge shafts HH.
  • the upper hub 120 is provided with a stopper (not shown) which limits the rotation of each upper hinge shaft HH during the operation of the vertical axis turbine 100, thus securing each upper spoke 121 to the upper hub 120.
  • the stopper could be a pin penetrating both the upper spoke 121 and the upper hub 120 separating from the upper hinge shaft HH.
  • the lower spokes 131 are rotatably coupled to the lower hub 130 at regular intervals. That is, the lower hub 130 and the lower spokes 131 are coupled to each other via lower hinge shafts LH.
  • the lower hub 130 is provided with a stopper (not shown) which limits the rotation of each lower hinge shaft LH during the operation of the vertical axis turbine 100, thus securing each lower spoke 131 to the lower hub 130.
  • the stopper could be a pin penetrating both the lower spoke 131 and the lower hub 130 separating from the lower hinge shaft LH.
  • the vertical axis turbine according to the present invention may further include a locking holder which is detachably coupled to the upper hub 120 and has a plurality of locking holes GG into which the upper spokes 121 are fitted.
  • the locking holder has the shape of a cap which surrounds the upper hub 120, and the locking holes GG are formed in the lower portion of the locking holder such that the upper spokes 121 are fitted into the locking holes GG.
  • the locking holder comprises a power generating locking holder CW which prevents the upper spokes 121 opened radially in a power generating operation from rotating around the upper hinge shafts HH.
  • the locking holder comprises a non-power generating locking holder CX which prevents the upper spokes 121 which have closed and become straight in a non-power generating operation from rotating around the upper hinge shafts HH.
  • a fitting protrusion CCK is provided on either of the outer circumference of the upper hub 120 or the inner circumference of the locking holder, while a fitting hole CCH is provided in the remaining one such that the fitting protrusion CCK is inserted into the fitting hole CCH.
  • the fitting protrusion CCK may be provided on the inner circumference of the power generating locking holder CW or the non-power generating locking holder CX, and the fitting hole CCH may be provided in the outer circumference of the upper hub 120, and vice versa.
  • the embodiment wherein the fitting protrusion CCK is provided on the inner circumference of the power generating locking holder CW or the non-power generating locking holder CX, and the fitting hole CCH is formed in the outer circumference of the upper hub 120 will be described.
  • the blades 140 are intended to have their pitch angle periodically changed, so that the blades 140 have a symmetrical airfoil cross-section which is mainly used in the airfoils of an air plane. Further, each blade 140 is arranged vertically such that its lengthwise direction is almost perpendicular to the flow direction of fluid, and obtains rotating force from the introduced fluid.
  • this position is the reference position of the blades 140, that is, the position where there is no change of the pitch angle.
  • each blade 140 corresponds to the length of the chord of an airfoil which is the cross-section of the blade 140. Further, each blade 140 is affected by load resulting from centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the blades 140. Thus, it is preferable that the blade 140 be light while having a required strength to achieve structural stability and operational efficiency.
  • each blade 140 is preferably manufactured using a fiber reinforced composite material which has high strength compared to its weight. For example, glass fiber or carbon fiber may be used.
  • Each blade 140 may be manufactured using the composite material according to the generic technology.
  • each blade 140 In the case of using the composite material, load applied to the pitch control unit 150 is reduced to prevent structural damage and prolong lifespan. Further, each blade 140 must be designed such that an aerodynamic center and a gravity center are adjacent to each other. If the aerodynamic center and the gravity center are distant from each other, a large load is applied to each connector 151 which connects each blade 140 with the rotary body 153 due to the rotation of the blade 140, and a large drive force is required. Further, the number of blades 140 may be changed according to the intended purpose or consumption power of the vertical axis turbine 100.
  • the blades 140 are coupled to the upper spokes 121 and the lower spokes 131 such that each blade 140 is rotatable around the associated rotating shaft and thus the pitch angle of the blade 140 is changed.
  • the rotating shaft By mounting the rotating shaft into a hole formed in each blade 140, the rotating shaft may be coupled to the blade 140.
  • the rotating shaft may be provided on each blade 140, and holes may be formed in the upper and lower spokes 121 and 131.
  • the rotating shaft or hole is preferably positioned in the aerodynamic center of each blade 140 having the airfoil-shaped cross-section.
  • the pitch control unit 150 includes connectors 151, a rotary body 153, and an adjusting means.
  • Each connector 151 is connected at one end thereof to the action point of each blade 140 which is spaced apart from the rotating shaft of the blade 140 by a predetermined interval in the widthwise direction of the blade 140.
  • the other end of each connector 151 is connected to the rotary body 153 which rotates around the center of the central shaft 110 set as a reference position.
  • the adjusting means translationally moves and rotates the center of the rotary body 153 from the reference position to sinusoidally change the blade pitch angle and to change the phase of each blade 140 according to wind direction.
  • Each connector 151 is a general rod which is formed using a material which withstands the tensile and compressive force acting on each blade 140.
  • the connector 151 is preferably connected using a bearing such that the connector 151 rotates while changing the blade pitch angle. Further, the connectors 151 are preferably connected to the rotary body 153 using bearings. But, one of the connectors 151 is secured to the rotary body 153.
  • the action point at which each connector 151 is connected to the corresponding blade 140 is determined in consideration of the varying range of the blade pitch angle and the operating range of the adjusting means. Further, the action point for the connection of each connector 151 may be provided on each blade 140.
  • a projection 141a may be provided on each rotating shaft which connects each blade 140 to the upper and lower spokes 121 and 131.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating the portion W of FIG. 1.
  • the remaining connectors 151 are connected to the rotary body 153 using the bearings.
  • a connector 151a serving as a reference is secured to the rotary body 153 for the mechanical operation.
  • the secured connector 151a must be manufactured more strongly than other connectors 151, because a larger load is applied to the secured connector 151a when the blades 140 are rotated.
  • the adjusting means is provided with a guide 155 and a direction converting part 157.
  • the guide 155 is provided with a guide rail to linearly guide the rotary body 153.
  • the direction converting part 157 functions to rotate the guide 155.
  • the detection unit is equipped with a typical sensor having a fan, and detects the rotating speed and direction relative to a wind speed, thus detecting the flow speed and direction of fluid.
  • the detected data is converted into an operational signal, which is transmitted to the actuating part.
  • the actuating part includes a guide actuating part (not shown) and a direction converting actuating part (not shown).
  • the guide actuating part is connected to the guide 155 to translationally move the pitch control unit 150.
  • the direction converting actuating part is connected to the direction converting part 157 to rotate the direction converting part 157.
  • Such a direction converting actuating part may use a hydraulic or electric motor.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating the state in which the upper and lower spokes rotate in the vertical axis turbine according to the present invention.
  • the upper hub 120 and the upper spokes 121 are rotatably coupled to each other via the upper hinge shafts HH, while the lower hub 130 and the lower spokes 131 are rotatably coupled to each other via the lower hinge shafts LH.
  • the upper and lower spokes 121 and 131 are rotated, so that the entire volume of the vertical axis turbine 100 can be advantageously reduced.
  • the stopper provided on the upper hub 120 and the stopper provided on the lower hub 130 limit the rotation of the upper hinge shafts HH and the lower hinge shafts LH, so that the upper spokes 121 and the lower spokes 131 are secured to the upper hub 120 and the lower hub 130, respectively.
  • the rotation of the upper spokes 121 may be limited.
  • the power generating locking holder CW prevents the upper spokes 121 from rotating around the upper hinge shafts HH, when the upper spokes 121 opened radially to generate power are rotated by the flow of the fluid.
  • non-power generating locking holder CX prevents the upper spokes 121 pulled together to be in a straight manner in the non-power generating operation from rotating around the upper hinge shafts HH.
  • the upper spokes 121 and the lower spokes 131 may be rotated, respectively, around the upper hinge shafts HH and the lower hinge shafts LH to be pulled together such that the upper and lower spokes 121 and 131 are not arranged radially but are arranged straight together, and the rotation of the closed upper spokes 121 is constrained by the non-power generating locking holder CX.
  • the fitting protrusion CCK is inserted into the fitting hole CCH, thus preventing the power generating locking holder CW or the non-power generating locking holder CX from being removed from the upper hub 120.
  • the support F is in contact with the mounting surface so that the vertical axis turbine 110 is secured to the mounting surface.
  • the mounting surface is generally the ground.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view illustrating portion A of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is a top view illustrating the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a view illustrating the pitch angle of a blade with respect to the flow of fluid in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 8 through 11 are graphs illustrating the process of converging the pitch angle of the blade in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating one example of a blade pitch angle which is calculated through the method of determining the blade pitch angle in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating the state in which upper and lower spokes are rotated in the vertical axis turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating the coupling of the vertical axis turbine with a support according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vertical axis turbine includes a central shaft 210 which is positioned vertically to the direction of fluid flow and transmits power to a generator.
  • An upper hub 220 is provided on the upper portion of the central shaft 210, with a plurality of upper spokes 221 radially coupled to the upper hub 220.
  • a lower hub 230 is provided on the lower portion of the central shaft 210, with a plurality of lower spokes 231 radially coupled to the lower hub 230.
  • a plurality of blades 240 is provided to rotate around rotating shafts 241.
  • each rotating shaft 241 is rotatably coupled to each upper spoke 221 of the upper hub 220, while the other end of each rotating shaft 241 is rotatably coupled to each lower spoke 231 of the lower hub 230.
  • a servomotor 250 is provided on at least one of the upper spokes 221 or the lower spokes 231, and is connected to the rotating shaft of each blade 240 to change a blade pitch angle.
  • a detection unit detects the flow rate and flow direction of fluid.
  • a data storage unit 270 stores an optimum blade pitch angle set depending on the data detected by the detection unit.
  • the control unit 260 operates the servomotor 250 such that the blade 240 is positioned at the optimum pitch angle.
  • the central shaft 210 is rotatably coupled to a support F. One surface of the support F is in contact with a mounting surface.
  • the upper spokes 221 are rotatably coupled to the upper hub 220, and the lower spokes 231 are rotatably coupled to the lower hub 230.
  • the upper hub 220 is mounted to the upper portion of the central shaft 210, while the lower hub 230 is mounted to the lower portion of the central shaft 210.
  • the central shaft 210 is detachably coupled to the support F.
  • the upper spokes 221 are rotatably coupled to the upper hub 220 at regular intervals. That is, the upper hub 220 and the upper spokes 221 are coupled to each other via upper hinge shafts HH.
  • the upper hub 220 is provided with a stopper (not shown) which limits the rotation of each upper hinge shaft HH during the operation of the vertical axis turbine, thus securing each upper spoke 221 to the upper hub 220.
  • the stopper could be a pin penetrating both the upper spoke 221 and the upper hub 220 separating from the upper hinge shaft HH.
  • the lower spokes 231 are rotatably coupled to the lower hub 230 at regular intervals. That is, the lower hub 230 and the lower spokes 231 are coupled to each other via lower hinge shafts LH.
  • the lower hub 230 is provided with a stopper (not shown) which limits the rotation of each lower hinge shaft LH during the operation of the vertical axis turbine, thus securing each lower spoke 231 to the lower hub 230.
  • the stopper could be a pin penetrating both the lower spoke 231 and the lower hub 230 separating from the lower hinge shaft LH.
  • a groove G is formed in each of the upper and lower hubs 220 and 230 to allow the upper and lower spokes 221 and 231 to rotate.
  • the blades 240 are provided to rotate around the rotating shafts 241.
  • the upper end of each rotating shaft 241 is rotatably coupled to the associated upper spoke 221 of the upper hub 220, and the lower end of each rotating shaft 241 is rotatably coupled to the associated lower spoke 231 of the lower hub 230.
  • a servomotor 250 is connected to the rotating shaft of a blade 240 so as to change the blade pitch angle, and the servomotor is provided on at least one of the upper or lower spokes 221 or 231. Preferably, the servomotor 250 is provided on each of the plurality of the upper spokes 221.
  • the rotating shaft 241 of each blade 240 is connected to the servomotor 250 to change the blade pitch angle.
  • the servomotor 250 As the rotating shaft 241 rotates, the servomotor 250 also rotates, thus changing the pitch angle of each blade 240.
  • the servomotor 250 and the rotating shaft 241 are connected to each other via bevel gears. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the servomotor 250 and the blade 240 may transmit power using a servomotor gear 255 and a blade gear 245 which are formed in the shape of the bevel gears.
  • the servomotor gear 255 is connected to the servomotor 250, and the blade gear 245 is connected to the rotating shaft 241, and the servomotor gear 255 engages with the blade gear 245 to transmit power.
  • the blade pitch angle means the angle between each blade and the tangential line of a circumference which is drawn by ends of the upper or lower spokes 221 and 231 while they are rotating.
  • the servomotor 250 is operated by the control unit 260, and controls the blade pitch angle to obtain optimum efficiency.
  • control unit 260 may control the servomotor 250 by sending a pulse-shaped control signal to the servomotor 250.
  • the servomotor 250 rotates at a predetermined angle whenever a pulse is input, and the rotating angle of the servomotor 250 is controlled by changing the frequency of the pulse.
  • the optimum blade pitch angle is stored in the data storage unit 270, and the control unit 260 selects the blade pitch angle which may obtain optimum efficiency according to the direction of flow of and the speed of fluid and the rotating speed of the central shaft 210, thus driving the servomotor 250.
  • the blade pitch angle stored in the data storage unit 270 will be described in detail in the description of the method of determining the blade pitch angle of the vertical axis turbine, which will be described below.
  • the vertical axis turbine 200 of the present invention actively changes the pitch angle of each blade 240 according to the change of fluid flowing out, thus always obtaining the best energy conversion efficiency.
  • the detection unit further includes a fluid direction detection unit 280 which detects the moving direction of the fluid, and a fluid speed detection unit 281 which detects the moving speed of the fluid.
  • a fluid direction detection unit 280 which detects the moving direction of the fluid
  • a fluid speed detection unit 281 which detects the moving speed of the fluid.
  • the detected direction and speed of fluid are input into the control unit 260.
  • the fluid direction detection unit 280 may use a direction meter which has been being widely used, and the fluid speed detection unit 281 may use a speed meter.
  • the direction meter and the speed meter may be used.
  • the detection unit may further include a rotating shaft speed detection unit 282 which detects the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 210 of the vertical axis turbine 200, and a rotating shaft position detection unit 283.
  • the rotating speed and rotating position of the rotating shaft 210 detected by the rotating shaft speed detection unit 282 and the rotating shaft position detection unit 283 are input into the control unit 260.
  • the control unit 260 selects an optimum blade pitch angle from the data storage unit 270 according to the input direction and speed of fluid and the input speed of the rotating shaft, and then drives the servomotor 250 such that the blade 240 maintains an optimum pitch angle at each rotating position.
  • the vertical axis turbine 200 of the present invention is advantageous in that variation in the flow of fluid and the rotation of the central shaft 210 are detected, and the blade pitch angle for obtaining optimum efficiency in each condition is maintained, so that energy conversion efficiency can be considerably improved.
  • a plurality of azimuth angles is optionally selected at predetermined intervals around the central shaft 210 in the vertical axis turbine 200, and pitch angles of the blades 240 are selected at any azimuth angles.
  • the blade 240 is oriented at the azimuth angles of 360 degrees around the central shaft 210.
  • a plurality of azimuth angles is optionally selected at predetermined intervals, and the pitch angle of a blade 240 positioned at a selected azimuth angle is selected.
  • step b) the pitch angles of respective blades 240 at the azimuth angles selected at step a) are connected linearly, so that the pitch angles of the blades 240 are determined at azimuth angles other than the selected azimuth angles.
  • the pitch angles of the blades 240 at the azimuth angles which are optionally selected are optionally selected, and the blades 240 are allowed to have similar pitch angles at adjacent azimuth angles, thus enabling the blade pitch angle to be selected at each azimuth angle.
  • the output of the vertical axis turbine 200 is calculated for a predetermined fluid speed and a predetermined rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
  • an automatic grid generating technique may be preferably used as the method of calculating the output of the vertical axis turbine 200.
  • Such an automatic grid generating technique is a technique capable of creating this process as a kind of macro and automatically executing the process.
  • step d) the pitch angle of the blade 240 at which the output of the vertical axis turbine 200 is highest is selected by repeating steps a) to c).
  • step d) the predetermined speed of fluid and the predetermined speed of the rotating shaft are not changed while steps a) to c) are repeated.
  • the output of the vertical axis turbine 200 is repeatedly calculated while the pitch angle of the blade 240 is optionally changed for the uniform fluid speed and the uniform rotating speed of the rotating shaft.
  • the pitch angle of the blade 240 is selected to be that which provides the highest output among all the calculated outputs.
  • the pitch angle of each blade 240 is determined through the optimization algorithm at step a).
  • the pitch angle of each blade 240 approximates a pitch angle having optimum efficiency.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the selection of the blade pitch angle at the highest output among various blade pitch angles.
  • any pitch angles of the blades 240 are selected again within a range narrower than that of the blade pitch angles which are optionally selected at step a), on the basis of the blade pitch angles selected at step d).
  • step f) the blade pitch angles are caused to converge on the pitch angle, at which the vertical axis turbine 200 may obtain the highest output at the predetermined fluid speed and the predetermined rotating speed of the rotating shaft, by repeating steps b) to e).
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs illustrating the convergence of the pitch angles of the blades 240 by repeating steps b) to e).
  • step g) the blade pitch angles converged at step f) are stored in the data storage unit 270.
  • the predetermined fluid speed and the predetermined rotating speed of the rotating shaft used at step c) are changed into other values.
  • step i) the optimal pitch angles of the blades 240 corresponding to various speeds of fluid and rotating speeds of the rotating shaft are stored in the data storage unit 270 and are arranged into a Database by repeating steps a) to h).
  • FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating an example of the pitch angles of the blades 240 calculated through the above steps.
  • Tip Speed Ratio means a value obtained by dividing the linear speed of the blades 240 by the speed of the fluid.
  • low TSR means that the case where the linear speed of the blades 240 is lower than the speed of fluid.
  • high TSR means that the case where the linear speed of the blades 240 is higher than the speed of fluid.
  • the wind turbine 200 obtains rotating force based on a drag in an initial driving stage during which the linear speed of the blades 240 is low, and obtains rotating force based on a lift as the linear speed of the blades 240 increases, so as to increase energy conversion efficiency.
  • the method of determining the pitch angles of the blades in the vertical axis turbine according to the present invention is advantageous in that the pitch angles of the blades 240, enabling optimum energy converting efficiency to be obtained depending on the flow of various types of fluid, can be calculated.
  • the upper hub 220 and the upper spokes 221 are rotatably coupled to each other via the upper hinge shafts HH, and the lower hub 230 and the lower spokes 231 are rotatably coupled to each other via the lower hinge shafts LH.
  • the upper and lower spokes 221 and 231 are rotated, so that the entire volume of the vertical axis turbine 200 can be reduced. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the upper and lower spokes 221 and 231 are rotated such that they are not arranged radially but are arranged straight, thus reducing the entire volume of the vertical axis turbine 200, and making it easy to carry owing to the reduced volume.
  • the stopper provided on the upper hub 220 and the stopper provided on the lower hub 230 limit the rotations of the upper hinge shafts HH and the lower hinge shafts LH, respectively, so that the upper spokes 221 are secured to the upper hub 220 and the lower spokes 231 are secured to the lower hub 230.
  • the support F is in contact with a mounting surface so that the vertical axis turbine 210 is secured to the mounting surface.
  • the mounting surface is generally the ground.
  • central shaft 210 is detachably coupled to the support F, it is easy to assemble and disassemble the rotary turbine 200.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une turbine à axe vertical. La turbine à axe vertical comprend un arbre central positionné verticalement par rapport à une direction d'écoulement de fluide et transmettant de la puissance à un générateur. Un moyeu supérieur est disposé sur la partie supérieure de l'arbre central et comprend des rayons supérieurs. Un moyeu inférieur est disposé sur la partie inférieure de l'arbre central et comprend des rayons inférieurs. Une pluralité d'aubes sont disposées pour tourner autour d'arbres de rotation. Une unité de commande de pas fait tourner les aubes dans une direction horizontale, commandant ainsi un angle de pas d'aube. Une unité de détection détecte le débit et la direction d'écoulement du fluide. Une unité d'entraînement entraîne l'unité de commande de pas, et a une partie d'actionnement qui applique une force d'action à l'unité de commande de pas sur la base de données détectées par l'unité de détection. L'arbre central est couplé à rotation à un support.
PCT/KR2009/003392 2008-11-27 2009-06-24 Turbine à axe vertical WO2010062018A1 (fr)

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KR20080118876 2008-11-27

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012071591A1 (fr) * 2010-11-28 2012-05-31 Broadstar Wind Systems Group Turbine hydraulique présentant des profils de pas des aubes optimisés
CN102767477A (zh) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-07 杜满河 变桨叶式垂直轴风力发电机
AU2011213447B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2014-09-18 Shandong Zhongtai New Energy Group Co., Ltd Wind power generating device and wind blade structure
FR3018868A1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-25 Patrick Claude Michel Bouquerel Dispositif d'eolienne vertical a geometrie variable
EP2957768A1 (fr) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Cockerill Maintenance & Ingenierie S.A. Éolienne à axe vertical améliorée
CN111121285A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 南京比尔森热力技术工程有限公司 一种新型热水供应设备

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021790A1 (fr) * 1979-06-19 1981-01-07 Frederick Charles Evans Aéromoteurs et turbines à axe vertical
JP2002081364A (ja) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-22 Kaoru Nishimura 風力装置
US6394745B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2002-05-28 Saeed Quraeshi Straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine
KR100490683B1 (ko) * 2002-09-30 2005-05-19 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 수직축 풍력발전 장치
JP2007085182A (ja) * 2005-09-20 2007-04-05 Univ Of Tokushima 空力的調速機構を備える縦軸型直線翼風車

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0021790A1 (fr) * 1979-06-19 1981-01-07 Frederick Charles Evans Aéromoteurs et turbines à axe vertical
US6394745B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2002-05-28 Saeed Quraeshi Straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine
JP2002081364A (ja) * 2000-09-06 2002-03-22 Kaoru Nishimura 風力装置
KR100490683B1 (ko) * 2002-09-30 2005-05-19 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 수직축 풍력발전 장치
JP2007085182A (ja) * 2005-09-20 2007-04-05 Univ Of Tokushima 空力的調速機構を備える縦軸型直線翼風車

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2011213447B2 (en) * 2010-02-05 2014-09-18 Shandong Zhongtai New Energy Group Co., Ltd Wind power generating device and wind blade structure
US8847423B2 (en) 2010-02-05 2014-09-30 Shandong Zhongtai New Energy Group Co., Ltd Wind power generating apparatus and wind blade structure
WO2012071591A1 (fr) * 2010-11-28 2012-05-31 Broadstar Wind Systems Group Turbine hydraulique présentant des profils de pas des aubes optimisés
US20120134820A1 (en) * 2010-11-28 2012-05-31 Robert Clifton Vance Fluid Turbine Having Optimized Blade Pitch Profiles
CN102767477A (zh) * 2011-05-03 2012-11-07 杜满河 变桨叶式垂直轴风力发电机
FR3018868A1 (fr) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-25 Patrick Claude Michel Bouquerel Dispositif d'eolienne vertical a geometrie variable
EP2957768A1 (fr) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Cockerill Maintenance & Ingenierie S.A. Éolienne à axe vertical améliorée
CN111121285A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 南京比尔森热力技术工程有限公司 一种新型热水供应设备
CN111121285B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-02 南京比尔森热力技术工程有限公司 一种新型热水供应设备

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KR20110089362A (ko) 2011-08-05

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