Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
  • A61B5/02042—Determining blood loss or bleeding, e.g. during a surgical procedure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
  • A61M1/3656—Monitoring patency or flow at connection sites; Detecting disconnections
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
  • A61M1/3659—Cannulae pertaining to extracorporeal circulation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3653—Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
  • A61M1/3659—Cannulae pertaining to extracorporeal circulation
  • A61M1/3661—Cannulae pertaining to extracorporeal circulation for haemodialysis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
  • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
  • A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
  • A61M2205/18—General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
  • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
  • A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting a paravasal hemorrhage in a supply of blood to a vascular access via a conduit and / or the removal of blood from a vascular access via a conduit, in particular a paravascular bleeding during an extracorporeal blood treatment, for example for hemodialysis, hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration.
• the invention relates to a device for extracorporeal blood treatment, in particular for hemodialysis, hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration, which has a device for detecting a paravasal hemorrhage.
• Devices for the delivery of blood to a vascular access and / or the withdrawal of blood from a vascular access via a conduit are well known. These devices are characterized in that the blood is supplied via a line to the vascular access, for example, a vein or artery or discharged from the vascular access. Such devices are known, for example, as infusion or transfusion devices.
• Extracorporeal blood circulation is generally equipped with a protection system that permanently monitors arterial and venous pressure within the circulation.
• the purpose of pressure monitoring is the detection of various complications during extracorporeal blood treatment. Among the possible complications is a faulty vascular access, which is for example due to slipping or sucking the cannula back.
• the known protection systems usually provide in determining a faulty vascular access to stop the blood pump for delivering the blood in extracorporeal blood circulation, to close a hose clamp in the venous blood line of the extracorporeal circuit and to give an audible or visual warning. As a result, the blood treatment device is brought into a safe state for the patient, however, leads to the interruption of the therapy.
• Methods and devices for monitoring an extracorporeal blood circulation which are based on monitoring the pressure in both the venous and arterial branches of the extracorporeal circuit, are known, for example, from DE 10 2006 032 815 A1 and EP 0 995 451 A2.
• Another complication that can occur, for example, in extracorporeal blood treatment is a violation of vascular access that results in bleeding into the surrounding tissue, also known as paravasal hemorrhage. Since paravasal bleeding leads only to a very slow pressure increase in the leading to the puncture needle lead or the puncture needle itself, the detection of paravasal bleeding in practice is problematic. If the pressure in the line or cannula is still well below the pressure limit at which the known pressure monitoring devices respond, the slight increase in pressure per unit time is initially unnoticed, although continuously more and more blood bleeds into the tissue and thereby accumulates, causing the Patient is getting more damaged. Therefore, a considerable period of time elapses until the pressure limit value is reached, in which blood bleeds into the tissue unrecognized.
• the invention has for its object to provide a method that with a supply of blood to a vascular access via a line and / or the removal of blood from a vascular access via a line, especially in an extracorporeal blood treatment, a rapid detection of paravascular bleeding with a relatively high security possible.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a device for detecting a paravascular haemorrhage, which in a supply of blood to a vascular access and / or the removal of blood from a Gefbuszugang, especially in an extracorporeal blood treatment, a rapid detection of paravasal hemorrhage with a relatively high security allowed.
• an object of the invention is to provide an extracorporeal blood treatment device with a device for detecting a paravasal hemorrhage, which quickly detects a paravasal hemorrhage with relatively high security.
• the basic principle of the invention is that continuous pressure increases, which start at a pressure level which is far below the pressure limit established in the known monitoring devices, disproportionately be taken into account with the aid of an evaluation algorithm for dynamic pressure analysis, because with such initial states the risk of a particularly long-lasting paravascular bleeding until its detection by means of the known monitoring devices. Since Druck S ⁇ ngen to value afford away from the predetermined REFERENCED / a greater contribution to the evaluation, it is determined according to the invention of the "value of an appropriate non-linear function of the difference between the measured pressure and a predetermined reference value.
• any non-linear function can be used, which of for large amounts Difference between the measured pressure and a predetermined reference value provides greater contributions than for small amounts of the difference between the measured pressure and a predetermined reference value
• a power function can be used, for example, the difference between the measured pressure and a predetermined reference value is increased.
• the magnitude of the difference between the measured pressure and a predetermined reference value may preferably be raised to a value In practice, it has been found that the magnitude of the difference between the measured pressure and the measured value can not be reduced d should be occupied by a given reference value with a power from the value range of 2 to 4.
• the exponent does not have to be 2, 3 or 4, but in principle the exponent can also be any intermediate value in the specified value range from 2 to 4.
• the triple power has proved particularly advantageous in laboratory experiments. The greater the value of the power, the greater are the contributions of pressure changes far from the reference value.
• the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are based on detecting the change in the arterial pressure in the arterial branch and / or the venous pressure in the venous branch. If paravascular bleeding occurs during the blood treatment, it can be seen that the positive back pressure at the conduit leading to the vascular access, ie at the venous cannula, increases or the suction pressure at the conduit going out of the vascular access, ie at the arterial cannula, ie the suction pressure becomes more negative. The increase in pressure begins at first moderately and then becomes increasingly larger. For the inventive method and the device according to the invention is therefore crucial that changes in pressure, which emanate from a pressure level, the one greater distance from the reference value than those which assume a pressure level only a short distance from the reference value.
• the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can monitor not only the pressure on the venous needle of an extracorporeal blood treatment device, but also the pressure on the arterial needle of the extracorporeal blood treatment device in order, for example, to be able to recognize a puncture cannula sucked on the vessel wall of the blood vessel.
• the method and the device according to the invention can make use of the arterial and venous pressure sensors, which are present anyway in the known blood treatment devices.
• the machine-side change for implementation of the protection system is limited only to a modification of the machine control.
• the integral of the value of the power of the difference between the measured pressure and the predetermined reference value over a predetermined time interval t 2 - U is determined and compared with the predetermined arterial or venous limit, after being exceeded on the presence a paravasal hemorrhage is closed. The differences are thus accumulated until the value of the integral exceeds a critical value.
• the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can also be combined with other methods and devices for detecting a defective vascular access of an extracorporeal blood treatment.
• the security of the monitoring system can be further increased.
• the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be combined with the methods and devices described in DE 10 2006 032 815 A1 and EP 0 995
• the differential monitoring according to the invention should not abolish the conventional monitoring of the arterial or venous pressure in the known blood treatment devices, but both monitoring systems can operate independently of each other.
• the blood flow in the extracorporeal blood circulation can be interrupted to prevent blood loss.
• interruption of the blood flow is possible by stopping the blood pump arranged in the extracorporeal blood circulation and / or by a safety valve arranged in the extracorporeal circuit, for example a hose clamp, in particular, closing the venous hose clamp arranged in the venous blood line.
• the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are fundamentally suitable for detecting the unintentional, accidental infusion of blood into the tissue of a patient surrounding a blood vessel as a result of the accidental puncturing of the opposite vessel wall of the blood vessel.
• the method and device according to the invention is suitable for use in all methods for extracorporeal blood treatment, in which blood over a Cannula is returned to a blood vessel of the patient. Examples of these are hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and also cell separation methods in which the blood of a patient in an extracorporeal blood circulation is subjected to cell separation and thereby separated into its components.
• Fig. 1 in a highly simplified schematic representation of a device for extracorporeal blood treatment, which has a device for detecting a paravascular haemorrhage and
• Fig. 2 shows the increase in venous pressure in the venous branch of the extracorporeal
• FIG. 1 shows in a highly simplified schematic representation a dialysis apparatus as an embodiment of an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus.
• the dialysis apparatus has a dialyzer 1, which is subdivided by a semipermeable membrane 2 into a blood chamber 3 and a dialysis fluid chamber 4.
• a dialyzer 1 which is subdivided by a semipermeable membrane 2 into a blood chamber 3 and a dialysis fluid chamber 4.
• an arterial blood line 5 is connected, in which a peristaltic blood pump 6 is connected.
• a venous blood line 7 leads to the patient.
• a drip chamber 8 is connected.
• cannulas 5A and 7A are connected, which are each stung into a corresponding arterial or venous blood vessel (shunt) of the patient.
• the arterial and venous blood lines 5, 7 form the arterial or venous branch of the extracorporeal blood circulation I.
• the blood lines are part of a disposable hose line system, which is inserted into the dialysis machine.
• a dialysis fluid source 9 fresh dialysis fluid is provided.
• a dialysis fluid supply line 10 leads to the inlet 4 A of the dialysis fluid chamber 4A of the dialyzer 1, while a dialysis fluid discharge line 11 leads from the outlet 4B of the dialysis fluid chamber 4 to an outlet 12.
• the dialysis device may still have other components, for example a balancing device and an ultrafiltration device, etc., which are not shown for the sake of clarity.
• the dialysis device has means for interrupting the blood flow in the event of incorrect Gefforgedzugangs.
• a shut-off terminal 13 is provided on the venous blood line 7 downstream of the drip chamber 8, which is actuated electromagnetically.
• the arterial blood pump 6 and the venous shut-off clamp 13 are actuated via control lines 14, 15 by a central control unit 16 of the dialysis machine.
• the monitoring of the extracorporeal blood circulation to detect a paravasal hemorrhage can in the known blood treatment devices that work in the so-called two-needle operation with an arterial and venous cannula for the preparation of patient access, and in the known dialysis machines in single-needle operation with only a cannula for the arterial and venous access to patients.
• the device 17 for detecting a paravasal hemorrhage has a device 18 for measuring the arterial pressure in the arterial branch 5 and the venous Pressure in the venous branch 7 of the extracorporeal blood circulation I,
• the measuring device 18 has an arterial pressure sensor 18 A monitoring the pressure in the arterial blood line 5 and a venous pressure sensor 18 B monitoring the pressure in the venous blood line 7.
• the measured values of the pressure sensors 18 A, 18 B are transmitted via data lines 19 A, 19 B to a computing and evaluation unit 20 of the device 17 for detecting the paravascular bleeding.
• the evaluation and arithmetic unit 20 has means for calculating a nonlinear function of the difference between the currently measured arterial or venous pressure p (t) and a predetermined reference value p ref according to the following equation:
• the evaluation and calculation unit 20 has means 2OA for calculating the integral I of the value of the n-fold power of the magnitude of the difference between the currently measured arterial or venous pressure p (t) and a predetermined reference value p ref for the pressure for given time interval t 2 - 1 ⁇ according to the following equation:
• Pr e / is the upper limit pressure of the limit value window of the known pressure monitor 2.
• p re f is lower limit pressure of the limit window of the known pressure monitoring
• p re f is mean (symmetric or asymmetric) limit pressure of the limit window of the known pressure monitor
• pr e / is the low-pass filtered value of the pressure
• the reference value can be specified in various ways.
• the reference value p ref and / or the exponent n and / or the time interval t 2 -ti can be manually entered and specified in the device by the user or can be permanently stored in the device or can be automatically calculated and proposed by the device according to predetermined rules become.
• the evaluation and arithmetic unit 20 has means 2OB for comparing the integral I with a predetermined limit value crit.
• the integral I is calculated according to Equation (2) both for the arterial pressure Pa r t (t) measured with the arterial pressure sensor 18 A and for the venous pressure p ven (t) measured with the pressure sensor 18B, the integral I 3n is compared with the predetermined arterial limit critart and the integral I ven with the given venous limit crit ven .
• the exponent n 3 has proved particularly favorable in laboratory experiments for the power function in equation (2).
• the exponent can also be any intermediate value in the interval from 2 to 4. If a paravasal bleeding is detected by exceeding the limit value, the evaluation and processing unit 20 generates a control signal which the central control unit 16 of the dialysis apparatus receives via a control line 21. Thereafter, the control unit 16 stops the blood pump 6 and closes the venous occlusion clamp 13, so that the blood flow in the extracorporeal blood circulation I is interrupted. Consequently, blood can no longer bleed into the peripheral tissue.
• the computing and evaluation unit 20 also has an alarm unit 22, which is connected via a data line 23 to the central control unit 16 of the dialysis machine.
• the alarm unit 22 gives an audible and / or visual alarm when paravasal bleeding is detected.
• FIG. 2 shows, in the case of a paravasal hemorrhage at the venous cannula 7A, the course of the venous pressure p ven (t) measured with the venous pressure sensor 18B in the venous blood line 7 upstream of the venous cannula 7A before and after the occurrence of the paravasal hemorrhage a conventional pressure monitoring with a known protection system according to the prior art.
• a conventional pressure monitoring with a known protection system according to the prior art.
• the upper limit for venous pressure monitored by the conventional monitoring system is shown in dashed lines in FIG. This is in the present embodiment at about 330 mmHg.
• the blood treatment is in the conventional monitoring system basically after reaching or exceeding the upper limit for the venous pressure by stopping the blood pump 6 and closing the hose clamp 13 is interrupted.
• This reaction delay has the task of reducing the rate of false alarms in the more frequent pressure exceedances, which usually occur only for a short time and are usually due to harmless causes, ie it should not always be immediately reacted to the shutdown of the pump.
• the invention assumes that the known protection system preferably remains and the protection system according to the invention operates in parallel, whereby the security of the monitoring is increased and false alarms are largely avoided.

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• 2008
  • 2008-11-19 DE DE102008057994A patent/DE102008057994A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-11-14 EP EP09765018.8A patent/EP2349394B1/de active Active
  • 2009-11-14 JP JP2011536766A patent/JP2012509118A/ja active Pending
  • 2009-11-14 CN CN200980145735.0A patent/CN102215889B/zh active Active
  • 2009-11-14 US US13/130,116 patent/US8439857B2/en active Active
  • 2009-11-14 WO PCT/EP2009/008128 patent/WO2010057600A1/de active Application Filing
• 2013
  • 2013-05-07 US US13/888,585 patent/US9295394B2/en active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-11-07 JP JP2014227475A patent/JP5976755B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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