Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
  • B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
  • B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
  • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
  • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
  • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
  • C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/0406—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
  • C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
  • C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• This disclosure relates to low viscosity functional fluids which are useful in a variety of applications, and in particular, as brake fluids.
• SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
• ISO International Standards Organization
• FMVSS 1 16, SAE J1703, SAE J1704, and ISO 4925 provide stringent physical property and performance requirements particularly with respect to minimum dry equilibrium reflux boiling point (ERBP), minimum wet equilibrium boiling point (WERBP), and maximum low temperature (-4O 0 C) viscosity. They also require maintaining adequate resistance to corrosion, stability and other specified physical properties such as pH, reserve alkalinity, rubber swell, etc.
• ERBP dry equilibrium reflux boiling point
• WERBP minimum wet equilibrium boiling point
• 4O 0 C maximum low temperature
• the entirety of SAE J1703 (Rev. April 2004) and J1704 (Rev. April 2004) and FMVSS 1 16 are hereby incorporated by reference.
• FMVSS 1 16, J1703, J1704, and ISO 4925 each include corrosion specifications based on defined test procedures in which metal strips of various metals are submerged in a mixture of 5 percent water (by volume) and the brake fluid for a specified time (120 hours) at a specified temperature (100 0 C). It has been found that the FMVSS 116, J1703, J1704, and ISO 4925 standards do not reliably reproduce the actual road conditions to which many brake fluids are subjected, especially for roads in the northern climates of the U.S. which are frequently salted in the winter to control ice accumulation.
• a fluid composition which comprises at least one glycol and an additive package comprising at least one fatty acid and at least one phosphate ester.
• the at least one fatty acid is an aliphatic carboxylic acid having at least 2, preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 10, and even more preferably at least 15 carbon atoms.
• the at least one fatty acid has no more than 35 preferably no more than 30, and even more preferably no more than 25 carbon atoms.
• the fatty acid is monounsaturated.
• the fatty acids in the additive package are generally present in an amount that is at least about 0.01 percent, preferably at least about 0.04 percent, and more preferably at least about 0.08 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the fatty acids are generally present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.4 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.2 percent, and even more preferably no greater than about 0.15 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the phosphate ester is generally a mono, di- or tri- ester of an alcohol and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ).
• the alcohol preferably has the formula RrR 2 -OH, wherein Ri is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group having at least 2, more preferably at least 3, even more preferably at least 4, and still more preferably at least 6 carbon atoms. Ri has no more than 30, preferably no more than 28, even more preferably no more than 26, and still more preferably no more than 24 carbon atoms.
• R 2 is preferably an alkyl or an alkoxy group having between two and six carbon atoms. In one exemplary embodiment, R 2 is an ethoxy group (-0-CH 2 -CH 2 -).
• a fluid composition which comprises at least one glycol and an additive package, wherein when the fluid is applied between a first surface comprising a glass fiber/polyamide 66 composite and a second surface comprising an 80 Shore A hardness EPDM rubber, the coefficient of friction is less than about 0.07 after 100 seconds of sliding engagement between the first and second surfaces. In certain exemplary embodiments, the coefficient of friction is less than about 0.03 after about 100 seconds of sliding engagement. In other exemplary embodiments, the fluid has an equilibrium reflux boiling point of at least about 230°C. In other exemplary embodiments, the fluid has a kinematic viscosity of not more than about 1800 cSt at -40 0 C. In certain illustrative applications, the fluid is used as a master cylinder lubricant.
• FIG. 1 is a plot of frictional data for a first low viscosity, glycol base fluids and two modified versions of the fluid which include oleic acid and/or a phosphate ester; and
• FIG. 2 is a plot of frictional data for a second low viscosity, glycol base fluid and two modified versions of the fluid which include varying amounts of a phosphate ester.
• This disclosure relates to functional fluids comprising one or more glycols and an additive package that includes at least one fatty acid and a phosphate ester.
• the fatty acid and phosphate ester are preferably present in an amount that is effective to aid in the lubrication frictionally engaged surfaces and to inhibit corrosion when the fluid is contaminated with salt water.
• the functional fluids described herein generally comprise greater than about 20 percent by weight of total glycols, more preferably greater than about 40 percent by weight of total glycols, and even more preferably greater than about 60 percent by weight of total glycols. Total glycol amounts of greater than about 70 percent are even more preferred, and total glycol amounts of greater than about 80 percent by weight are especially preferred. The total amount of glycols is preferably less than 100 percent by weight of the total functional fluid composition and is preferably no greater than about 99 percent by weight of the total fluid composition.
• the glycol component can be formed partially, substantially entirely (at least 90 percent or at least 95 percent by weight) or entirely of one, two, three or more glycols, polyglycols, or both. Preferably the glycols or polyglycols of the glycol component have the formula of EQUATION I:
• Each of R-i, R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5 is either hydrogen (H) or an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 or more carbon atoms or mixtures thereof such as one disclosed in Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/976,010 (filed September 28, 2007) entitled "Functional Fluid Composition", which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
• Ri be an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms such that the glycol or polyglycol is an alkoxy glycol ether (e.g., an alkyl end capped glycol ether) as opposed to being simply a glycol where Ri is H.
• Ri is H for less than 90 percent, more typically less than 50 percent and even possibly less than 30 percent or 20 percent by weight of the glycol component, the overall fluid composition, or both.
• polyglycol refers to a glycol such as that of EQUATION I in which n is at least 2 or greater.
• glycol is inclusive of all polyglycols.
• the glycol component can include both those glycols in which R 1 is an alkyl group and those in which R 1 is H.
• the amount of glycol in which n is 2 or more is even more preferably at least about 90 percent by weight.
• Preferable glycol components include an Ri group comprising a methyl, an ethyl, a propyl, a butyl, or combinations thereof.
• examples of useful glycols include methoxy triglycol, methoxy diglycol, methoxy tetraglycol, methoxy polyglycol (e.g., mixtures of methoxy triglycol, methoxy tetraglycol, and other glycols in which R 1 is CH 3 and n is 5 or more), ethoxy triglycol, ethoxy diglycol, ethoxy tetraglycol, propoxy triglycol, butoxy triglycol (e.g., Methylene glycol monobutyl ether), butoxy diglycol (e.g., diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), butoxy tetraglycol, butoxy polyglycol (e.g., mixtures of butoxy triglycol, butoxy tetraglycol, and other glycols in which R 1 is an alkyl having 4 carbon atoms and
• Preferable glycols (e.g., alkoxy glycols) of the glycol component include, without limitation, methoxy triglycol, methoxy diglycol, methoxy polyglycol, methoxy tetraglycol, ethoxy polyglycol, ethoxy triglycol, ethoxy diglycol, ethoxy tetraglycol, butoxy polyglycol, butoxy triglycol, butoxy diglycol, butoxy tetraglycol, triethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether,
• More preferable alkoxy glycol components comprise methoxy triglycol, methoxy diglycol, methoxy polyglycol, butoxy triglycol, butoxy diglycol, butoxy polyglycol, triethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monopropyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether or mixtures thereof.
• alkoxy glycol components comprise a mixture of two or more of methoxy polyglycol, butoxy diglycol, butoxy triglycol, butoxy polyglycol, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monopropyl ether, or polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether.
• useful glycols include, without limitation, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, triethylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monopropyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monopropyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polybutylene glycol monopropyl ether, polybutylene glycol monopropyl ether, polybutylene glycol monobutyl ether, combinations thereof or the like.
• methods of preparing useful alkoxy glycols include an alkoxylation reaction that reacts an alkylene oxide with an alcohol to produce an alkoxy glycol.
• the glycol component may also include a glycol polymer, which can be a homopolymer, block copolymer, random copolymer or the like. Glycol copolymers are preferred. Glycol copolymers will typically include one or more first repeat units of EQUATION I having a first configuration and one or more second repeat units having a second configuration. In particular, the glycol copolymer typically includes at least one of first repeat unit of EQUATION I wherein R 2 , R3, R 4 , and R 5 are each H.
• the glycol copolymer also typically includes at least one second repeat unit wherein at least one and typically only one, but also possibly two, three or all four of R 2 , R3, R4, and R 5 are each an alkyl group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Preferable second repeat units of the glycol copolymer include an R 2 or R 3 group and more preferably an R 4 or R 5 group comprising a methyl, an ethyl, a propyl, a butyl, or combinations thereof.
• More preferable second repeat units of the glycol copolymer include an R 2 or R 3 group and more preferably an R 4 or R 5 group comprising a methyl or an ethyl group.
• Still more preferable second repeat units of the glycol copolymer include an R 2 or R 3 group and more preferably an R 4 or R 5 group comprising a methyl group (i.e., propylene oxide repeating units).
• the glycol polymer has the following formula:
• EO is ethylene oxide unit
• R 8 is a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group; x is at least 1 ;
• R 7 is a hydrogen or an x valent hydrocarbyl group; m is a number of at least 0; n is a number at of least 0; and m+n is greater than 0.
• the glycol polymer has a molecular weight that is at least about 500 g/mol, preferably at least about 750 g/mol, and more preferably at least about 900 g/mol.
• the glycol polymer has a molecular weight that is no greater than about 2,000 g/mol, more preferably no greater than about 1 ,500 g/mol, and even more preferably no greater than about 1 ,110 g/mol.
• m and n are equal, in which case the glycol copolymer contains equal amounts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide repeating units.
• the number of repeating ethylene oxide units and the number of propylene oxide units are each preferably greater than 2, more preferably greater than 4, and even more preferably greater than 8.
• One suitable glycol copolymer is UCON ® 50 HB-260 (The Dow Chemical Company).
• UCON 50 HB-260 comprises equal numbers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide units and has a molecular weight of about 1 ,000 g/mol.
• R 7 is a univalent alkyl group
• x is 1
• R 8 is a hydrogen atom.
• glycol borate ester component preferably includes at least one ingredient having the formula:
• glycol borate ester component can have any of the repeat units of glycol component as discussed with respect to EQUATION I herein. It is also understood that the glycol borate ester component and any borate containing compound is not considered as part of the glycol component, but rather is separate.
• optional glycol borate ester components include alkoxy glycol borate ester components such as methoxy triethylene glycol borate ester, ethoxy triethylene glycol borate ester, butoxy triethylene glycol borate ester and mixtures thereof disclosed in U.S.
• a borate ester component is present in the composition, it is preferably present in an amount greater than about 1 percent by weight of the functional fluid.
• the optional borate ester is also preferably present in an amount that is less than about 10 percent by weight and more preferably less than about 4 percent by weight of the functional fluid.
• the functional fluid composition is substantially free (less than about 0.5 percent by weight of the functional fluid) or entirely free of any borate ester component.
• glycol groups of the component represent a substantial portion of the overall composition.
• glycol groups as defined herein, are the portions of EQUATION I and EQUATION Il attached to the (H) hydrogen atom or the (B) Boron atom of those equations.
• EQUATION I and EQUATION Il attached to the (H) hydrogen atom or the (B) Boron atom of those equations.
• the functional fluids of the present disclosure also include an additive package which contains at least one fatty acid, at least one phosphate ester, one or more corrosion inhibitors, and one or more of the following: an antifoaming agent, a pH stabilizer, a chelating agent, and an antioxidant.
• the corrosion inhibitors in the additive package preferably include compounds that inhibit the corrosion of tinned iron, steel, aluminum, cast iron, brass, and copper, each of which has a corrosion specification set forth in SAE J1703, SAE J1704 and FMVSS 116.
• the corrosion inhibitors also include one or more compounds that inhibit the corrosion of zinc.
• the additive package is preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.1 percent by weight of the fluid composition, more preferably at least about 0.2 percent by weight of the fluid composition, and most preferably at least about 0.3 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the additive package is preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 10 percent by weight of the fluid composition, more preferably no greater than about 6.0 percent by weight of the fluid composition, and most preferably no greater than about 4.0 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the fatty acids in the additive package preferably include one or more aliphatic carboxylic acids having at least 2, preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 10, and even more preferably at least 15 carbon atoms.
• the aliphatic carboxylic acids generally have no more than 35, preferably no more than 30, and more preferably no more than 25 carbon atoms.
• Straight chain, monofunctional fatty acids are preferred, and straight chain, unsaturated, monofunctional fatty acids are more preferred.
• Monounsaturated fatty acids are especially preferred.
• Suitable fatty acids include without limitation, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid.
• the fatty acids in the additive package are generally present in an amount that is at least about 0.01 percent, preferably at least about 0.04 percent, and more preferably at least about 0.08 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the fatty acids are generally present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.4 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.2 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.15 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• One or more of the additives in the additive package will generally be a phosphate, and more specifically, a phosphate ester.
• the phosphate ester is generally a mono, di- or tri- ester of an alcohol and phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ).
• the alcohol preferably has the following formula:
• Ri is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl group having at least 2, more preferably at least 3, even more preferably at least 4, and still more preferably at least 6 carbon atoms.
• Ri preferably has no more than 30, more preferably no more than 28, even more preferably no more than 26, and still more preferably no more then 24 carbon atoms.
• R 2 is preferably an alkyl or alkoxy group having from two to six carbon atoms.
• R 2 is an ethoxy group (-0-CH 2 -CH 2 -), Suitable phosphate esters include without limitation, RHODOFAC ® RM-510 (Rhodia), a dinonylphenol, ethoxylated, phosphate ester, LUBRHOPHOS ® LP-700 (Rhodia), a phosphate ester of ethoxylated phenol, LUBRHOPHOS ® LB-400 (Rhodia), an ethoxylated phosphate ester of oleic alcohol, LUBRHOPHOS ® LK-500 (Rhodia), a phosphate ester of ethoxylated hexanol, and tricresyl phosphate, a phosphate triester of cresol.
• RHODOFAC ® RM-510 Rhodia
• LUBRHOPHOS ® LP-700 Rhodia
• a phosphate ester of ethoxylated phenol LUBR
• the phosphate ester is preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.05 percent, more preferably at least about 0.1 percent, and even more preferably at least about 0.15 percent by weight of the functional fluid.
• the phosphate ester is preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.4 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.3 percent, and even more preferably no greater than about 0.25 percent by weight of the functional fluid.
• the corrosion inhibitors preferably include at least one heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound, for example, triazoles such as benzotriazole, tolytriazole, 1 , 2, 4 triazole, and mixtures thereof.
• the triazole compounds are preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.01 percent, more preferably at least about 0.05 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.09 percent by weight of the total fluid weight.
• the triazole compounds are preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.4 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.3 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.20 percent by weight of the total fluid composition.
• triazole compounds such as benzotriazole, tolytriazole, and 1 , 2, 4 triazole are believed to be particularly effective for inhibiting copper corrosion.
• the corrosion inhibitors also preferably include amine compounds other than triazoles, including alkyl amines (e.g., di n-butylamine and di n-amylamine), cyclohexylamine, piperazines (e.g., hydroxylethyl piperazine), and salts thereof.
• alkyl amines e.g., di n-butylamine and di n-amylamine
• piperazines e.g., hydroxylethyl piperazine
• salts thereof e.g., hydroxylethyl piperazine
• Non-triazole amine compounds which are particularly useful as corrosion inhibitors in the functional fluid compositions of the present disclosure include the alkanol amines, preferably those containing one to three alkanol groups with each alkanol group containing from one to six carbon atoms.
• alkanol amines examples include mono-, di- and trimethanolamine, mono-, di- and triethanolamine, mono-, di- and tripropanolamine and mono-, di- and triisopropanolamine.
• Preferred alkanol amines include butyldiethanol amine and diisopropanolamine ("dipa").
• the alkanolamines are believed to be effective for inhibiting the corrosion of ferrous compounds (e.g., iron, steel) and also act as a buffer.
• the non-triazole amine compounds are preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.1 percent, more preferably at least about 0.5 percent, and even more preferably at least about 0.8 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the non-triazole amine compounds are preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 3 percent, more preferably no greater than about 2.0 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 1.5 percent by weight of the total fluid composition.
• the corrosion inhibitors may include one or more alkenyl succinic anhydrides.
• Preferred alkenyl succinic anhydrides include derivatives of maleic anhydride. Dodecenyl succinic anhydride is especially preferred.
• the alkenyl succinic anhydrides are preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.1 percent, more preferably at least about 0.12 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.14 percent by weight of the functional fluid composition.
• the alkenyl succinic anhydrides are preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.5 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.3 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.2 percent by weight of the functional fluid composition.
• the corrosion inhibitors also include one or more inorganic nitrates, preferably sodium nitrate.
• the inorganic nitrates are preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.01 percent, more preferably at least about 0.015 percent and most preferably at least about 0.02 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the inorganic nitrates are preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.06 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.05 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.04 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the inorganic nitrates are believed to be effective at inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum.
• the corrosion inhibitors may include one or more inorganic borates such as Sodium Tetraborate, commonly known as Borax.
• the inorganic borates are preferably provided as solid hydrates.
• An especially preferred inorganic borate is sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 -SH 2 O, also known as Borax 5 MoI.
• Another exemplary inorganic borate is sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 -I OH 2 O).
• the inorganic borate is preferably provided in an amount that is at least about 0.03 percent, more preferably at least about 0.05 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.07 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the inorganic borate is preferably provided in an amount that is no greater than about 0.1 percent, more preferably greater than about 0.09 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.08 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the inorganic borates are believed to be effective at inhibiting ferrous corrosion (e.g., iron and steel).
• the corrosion inhibitors may also optionally include one or more silicone compounds such as silicate esters.
• Preferred silicate esters include polymers of dialkoxysiloxanes, including without limitation poly(diethoxysiloxane) (e.g., PSI- 021 ).
• the silicone corrosion inhibitor is preferably provided in an amount that is at least about 0.001 percent, more preferably at least about 0.003 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.004 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the silicone corrosion inhibitor is preferably provided in an amount that is no greater than about 0.008 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.007 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.006 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the silicone corrosion inhibitors are believed to inhibit the corrosion of brass and aluminum.
• the functional fluid additive package may also include other additive compounds such as antifoaming agents, pH stabilizers, chelating agents, antioxidants, and the like.
• Preferred antifoaming agents include poly(dimethylsiloxane) and silicone-based compounds such as SAG 100 Antifoam, a product of GE Advanced Materials. If present, the antifoaming agent is preferably provided in an amount that is no greater than about 0.00020 percent and more preferably no greater than about 0.00015 percent by weight of the fluid composition. The antifoaming agent is preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.00001 percent and more preferably at least about 0.00005 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• Suitable antioxidants include phenolic compounds and quinoline compounds.
• Exemplary phenolic antioxidants include BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene); 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol (which is supplied by Great Lakes Chemical Corporation under the name Lowinox ® 624) 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p- cresol), 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol (which is supplied by the SI Group under the name Isonox ® 132), and bisphenol A.
• Exemplary quinoline antioxidants include Agerite ® Resin D, a polymerized trimethyl dihydroquinoline compound supplied by the RT. Vanderbilt Company.
• antioxidants are included in the additive package, they are preferably provided in an amount that is at least about 0.1 percent, more preferably at least about 0.2 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.25 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• the antioxidants are provided in an amount that is preferably no greater than about 1.0 percent, more preferably no greater than about 0.8 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.4 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• Suitable chelating agents include trioctylphosphine oxide, tributyl- phosphate, dibuty butyllphosphate, DEHPA (Di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid) and propanediamine/xylene compositions such as Dupont Metal Deactivator (N, N' Disalicylidene-1 ,2-propanediamene and xylene).
• the chelating agents are preferably present in an amount that is at least about 0.01 percent, more preferably at least about 0.05 percent, and most preferably at least about 0.08 percent by weight.
• the chelating agents are preferably present in an amount that is no greater than about 0.2 percent, most preferably no greater than about 0.15 percent, and most preferably no greater than about 0.13 percent by weight of the fluid composition.
• SAE J1703 and J1704 set forth corrosion standards for DOT 3 and DOT 4 brake fluids, respectively. In accordance with both standards, two sets of six specified metal corrosion test strips are polished, cleaned and weighed. The six metal strips comprising each set are fastened together at one end. Each strip is approximately 8 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, not more than 0.6 mm thick, and has a surface area of 25 ⁇ 5 cm 2 .
• the specified metals are copper, brass, cast iron, aluminum, steel, and tinned iron.
• SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
• IRHD International Rubber Hardness Degree
• the strips are then removed and desiccated at 23 0 C ⁇ 2 0 C for 1 hour. Following desiccation, the strips and are each weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg and the change in weight is calculated for each strip. The area of the strips is then determined, and the weight change per unit area in mg/cm 2 of surface area is calculated. The diameter and IRHD values of the cups are then determined. According to FMVSS 1 16, in order to be certified as a DOT 4 brake fluid, the weight change per unit surface area must not exceed the following specifications, which are identical to those of SAE J1703 and J1704:
• the SBR cup specification of FMVSS 116 calls for an inner cup diameter increase of no more than 1.4mm and a hardness decrease of no more than 15 International Rubber Hardness Degrees.
• the SAE J1704 specifications are identical, except that they call for an SBR Cup volume increase of no more than 16 percent instead of specifying a diameter increase.
• SAE J1703 and J1704 call for a pH of not less than 7.0 and not more than 1 1.5 when the functional fluid is mixed with an equal volume of a 50 percent ethanol/50 percent distilled water mixture neutralized to a pH of 7.0.
• the standards also call for a sediment level of not more than 0.1 percent by volume. Each standard also includes a low temperature appearance requirement that calls for the absence of stratification, sedimentation, or crystallization under specified test conditions.
• the functional fluids of the present disclosure when the functional fluids of the present disclosure are subjected to the J1703/J1704 corrosion test using a mixture of brake fluid with 5 percent water (by volume) and 25 ppm chloride ion, the mixture meets the J1703/J1704 and FMVSS 1 16 corrosion specifications for the maximum allowable weight change per surface area for tinned iron, steel, aluminum, cast iron, brass and copper.
• the fluid compositions of the present disclosure exhibit superior water stability and are able to maintain high boiling points and low viscosities at relatively high water levels.
• the fluid compositions maintain a wet equilibrium reflux boiling point (WERBP) of no less than about 140°C, preferably no less than about 150 0 C, more preferably no less than about 200 0 C, and even more preferably no less than about 220°C.
• WERBP wet equilibrium reflux boiling point
• the fluid compositions maintain a dry equilibrium reflux boiling point (ERBP) of no less than about 200 0 C, preferably no less than about 220 0 C, more preferably no less than about 230 0 C and even more preferably no less than about 240 0 C.
• the functional fluids preferably have a kinematic viscosity at -40 0 C of no greater than about 1800 cSt, more preferably no greater than about 1400 cSt, and most preferably no greater than about 1000 cSt.
• Example 1 Corrosion and Lubricity Performance of a Functional Fluid with a Phosphate Ester and with a Phosphate Ester/Oleic acid Combination
• Lubricity and corrosion test data are obtained for a commercially available DOT 3 brake fluid (PM6664) base fluid and two modified versions of the fluid containing a RHODOFAC ® RM 510 phosphate ester.
• the phosphate ester is combined with a fatty acid (oleic acid) and in the other version no fatty acid is included.
• the formulations are as follows:
• MPG Metal polyglycol
• both the LV-RG1 and LV-RG2 fluids include a phosphate ester.
• LV-RG2 also includes oleic acid.
• FIG. 1 indicates, combining oleic acid and a phosphate ester produces more than a two-fold improvement in lubricity and a more consistent lubricity over the testing period.
• Table 4 indicates, both LV-RG 1 and LV-RG2 meet the ERBP specifications of both SAE J1703 (ERBP not less than 230 5 C) and SAE J1704 (ERBP of not less than 205 5 C).
• both LV-RG1 and LV-RG2 meet the tinned iron, steel, aluminum, cast iron, brass, and copper corrosion specifications of both SAE J1703 and J1704 as well as the hardness and rubber cup diameter specifications of both standards.
• lubricity and corrosion data are obtained for a commercial DOT 3 brake fluid (DBF 310 GC) and two modified versions of the fluid in which varying amounts of RHODOFAC® RM-510 (a dialkyl phenol ethoxylated phosphate ester) are added.
• the formulations are provided in Table 7:
• butoxy polyethylene glycol refers to a mixture of butoxy triethylene glycol (1 1.9 wt. percent of the BPG), butoxy tetraethylene glycol (64.2 wt. percent of the BPG) and butoxy polyethylene glycols with 5 or more repeating ethylene oxide units (21.9 wt. percent of the BPG).
• “Diflash refined” refers to a mixture of diethylene glycol (22.8 wt. percent of the Diflash), triethylene glycol (58.3 wt. percent of the Diflash), tetraethylene glycol (16.4 wt. percent of the Diflash), and ethylene glycols with 5 or more repeating ethylene oxide units (1.8 wt.
• “Pusher refined” refers to a mixture of tetraethylene glycol (65.3 wt. percent of the Pusher), pentaethylene glycol (29.2 wt. percent of the Pusher), hexaethylene glycol (1.8 wt. percent of the Pusher), and ethylene glycols with 7 or more repeating ethylene oxide units (2.3 wt. percent of the Pusher).
• the functional fluids of Table 7 are also tested for lubricity using the Cameron-Plint device as described previously with respect to Example 1.
• the surfaces used with the Cameron-Plint device are those used in Example 1.
• the resulting lubricity data is presented in FIG. 2.
• the addition of 0.1 percent of RM-510 provides for greater lubricity from 10 seconds to about 230 seconds.
• the 0.1 percent RM-510 formulation experiences a decrease in lubricity.
• the formulation with 0.2 percent RM-510 maintains a coefficient of friction below about 0.06 throughout the test period.
• Both formulations in Table 7 include a phosphate ester (RM-510), but neither of them includes a fatty acid.
• the LV-RG2 formulation of Table 3 includes both a fatty acid and a phosphate ester.
• a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates that the combination of oleic acid and RM-510 produces a substantial increase in lubricity even when the amount of RM-510 remains constant, further indicating that the combination of a fatty acid and a phosphate ester achieves a synergistic affect and an unexpected improvement in lubricity.
• Functional fluids of the present disclosure are well suited for use as a hydraulic fluid for numerous mechanical systems (e.g., hydraulic lifts, cranes, forklifts, bulldozers, hydraulic jacks, brake systems, combinations thereof, or the like).
• the high lubricity as well as the ERBP, WERBP, and low temperature viscosity of these fluid compositions make them well-suited for brake systems in transportation vehicles (e.g., fixed and rotary wing aircraft, trains, automobiles in classes 1 to 8, or the like).
• These braking systems include anti-lock braking systems (ABS), stability control systems, or combinations thereof.
• a brake system which comprises a depressible actuator, a master cylinder, a piston, and a rubber cup seal disposed on the piston.
• the functional fluid of the present disclosure is disposed in the bore of a master cylinder and is used to transmit pressure to a braking mechanism (e.g., brake pad and rotor) to slow or stop the vehicle.
• a braking mechanism e.g., brake pad and rotor
• the piston moves along the interior of the master cylinder and displaces fluid from the cylinder bore.
• the rubber cup frictionally engages the walls of the master cylinder which can eventually cause the rubber cup to wear, leading to leakage around the rubber cup and diminished braking performance.
• the master cylinder is lined with plastic, and the functional fluid lubricates the frictional engagement of the rubber cup and the plastic master cylinder lining.
• the use of a functional fluid comprising at least one glycol and an additive package comprising at least one fatty acid and at least one phosphate ester beneficially reduces the amount of friction between rubber and plastic surfaces, thereby reducing the degree of wear experienced by the rubber cup.

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