WO2010046588A1 - Derives peptidiques et leur utilisation comme vecteurs de molecules sous forme de conjugues - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
- A61P21/02—Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/775—Apolipopeptides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K4/00—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in an undefined or only partially defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the invention relates to peptide derivatives (peptides and pseudo-peptides) and their use as vectors of molecules of interest.
- the invention also relates to conjugates containing a peptide derivative of the invention bound to a molecule of interest.
- the peptides and prodrug conjugates of the invention can be used to vector molecules of pharmaceutical or diagnostic interest, such as, for example, therapeutic molecules, imaging or diagnostic agents, or molecular probes, through cell membranes, and in particular to promote their transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- the brain is protected against potentially toxic substances by the presence of two main systems of physiological barriers: the BBB, and the cerebrospinal fluid-blood barrier (BS-LCR).
- BBB is considered to be the main route for the uptake of plasma ligands. Its area is about 5000 times larger than that of BS-LCR.
- the total length of the blood vessels constituents of the BBB is approximately 600 km.
- Each cm 3 of cerebral cortex contains the equivalent of 1 km of blood vessels.
- the total area of the BBB is estimated at 20 m 2 ⁇ De Boer et al, 2007, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 46 (7), 553-576).
- cerebral endothelium which constitutes the BBB, represents a major obstacle to the use of potential drugs against many CNS disorders, but also a significant area of potential exchange between blood and nerve tissue.
- BCECs brain capillary endothelial cells
- BCECs are closely linked by tight junctions, compared to other endothelial cells of other organs, which are fenestrated. These tight junctions thus prevent any para-cellular transport through the BBB.
- the BBB is considered as the major obstacle to be overcome in the development of new therapies intended to treat cerebral pathologies, and in particular for the use of molecules capable of treating CNS disorders (Neuwelt et al., 2008, Lancet Neurol, 7, 84-96).
- One of the reasons why no effective treatment is currently available for the major brain pathologies is that the developers of candidates -medicines intended to treat pathologies of the brain, carry out internally research programs (brain drug-discovery programs) by investing little effort in the problem of the passage of the BBB and in the preferential targeting of the CNS, and in particular of the brain ⁇ brain drug-targeting programs), (Pardridge, 2003, Mol Interv., 3, 90-105).
- a drug candidate must meet certain structural, physicochemical, pharmacochemical and pharmacological rules in order to have the best chance of becoming a drug to treat a CNS pathology or disorder (Pajouhesh et al., 2005, NeuroRx, 2 (4), 541-553).
- the selectivity and specificity (pharmacological enhancement) of a molecule for its target are essential to its therapeutic activity (efficacy).
- the bioavailability and potential toxicity (pharmaceutical enhancement) of a molecule are crucial for its future as a drug.
- any molecule that could become a drug intended to treat a pathology or disorder of the CNS must firstly pass through the BBB, secondly, retain its biological activity, and have good pharmacokinetic properties (PK), adsorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion (ADME) and pharmacodynamics (PD), with low toxicity (Tox).
- PK pharmacokinetic properties
- ADME adsorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion
- PD pharmacodynamics
- Tox low toxicity
- the major problem in the treatment of disorders and pathologies of the CNS lies therefore in the fact that the administered molecules do not pass the BBB and therefore can not reach their target (s) in the CNS.
- the endothelial cells of CNS vessels and capillaries that make up the BBB hinder molecules that can not pass from blood to nervous tissue.
- these endothelial cells and the astrocyte feet surrounding them constitute a physical barrier related in particular to the existence of tight junctions between the endothelial cells which limit / prevent any passage / transport by the para-cellular pathway, and also a fence physiological, since these cells have effective efflux systems that restrict any passage / transport by the trans-cellular pathway.
- MDR multidrug resistant transport proteins
- P-gp which is mainly localized on the luminal surface of the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries, is an essential element in the physiological barrier function of the BBB preventing the entry into the brain of most xenobiotics but also candidates. drugs and other molecules of therapeutic interest that may be active in the CNS.
- Neurosurgical approaches may be implemented by direct cerebral intraventricular injection of the active substance, intracerebral injection or intrathecal infusion, or by disruption of the BBB (temporary break in the integrity of the BBB).
- intraventricular infusion involves placing a catheter in the ventricles (Aird, 1984, Exp Neurol, 86, 342-358).
- This highly invasive technique is not effective for the transport of active substances in the cerebral parenchyma.
- the volume of flow from the cerebrospinal fluid to the cerebral parenchyma during the delivery of a drug by intraventricular infusion is governed by an abnormally slow diffusion of its convection (of its transport), because the brain has no intra-parenchymal volume flow.
- the diffusion of an active substance in the brain decreases very rapidly from the injection site to the site of injury. Indeed, the brain concentration of an active substance decreases by 90% at a distance of 500 microns from its injection site.
- Intrathecal infusion involves placing a catheter in the brain connected to a pump that delivers the active substance at a predefined rate. Because the brain is the only organ that does not have a lymphatic system, normally used to bring extracellular fluids back to the general circulation, the distribution of an active substance by intrathecal infusion at the cerebral level is very slow. This decreases the concentration of the active substance at the site of injury.
- the temporary interruption of the impermeability of the BBB is associated with a transient opening of the tight junctions of the endothelial cells of the cerebral capillaries. This is the case of vasoactive substances such as leukotrienes or bradykinins ⁇ Baba et al, 1991, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 11, 638-643).
- This strategy is also invasive and requires arterial access to the carotid artery in subjects / patients sedated.
- the major problem with the temporary break in the integrity of the BBB, besides the expenses related to the radiologist's act for access to the carotid artery, is that the BBB only remains open for a short period of time, limiting indeed the possibility of delivering a drug in chronic.
- the pharmacological strategies for the transport of molecules include the trans-cellular diffusion of molecules made more lipophilic by the addition of lipid groups on the active substance (Transcellular Lipophilic Diffusion or TLD) or the use of liposomes (Zhou et al. al., 1992, J. Control Release, 19, 459-486), and ion adsorption transport via positively charged or cationized carrier molecules of the active molecule (Adsorptive-Mediated Transport or AMT).
- lipid group allows the chemical conversion of hydrophilic molecules into more lipophilic molecules, in particular through prodrug approaches.
- the synthesis of such compounds leads to molecules that exceed the optimal transport threshold for crossing the BBB, especially as regards the molecular weight which becomes greater than the optimum limit of 450 Daltons (Pajouhesh et al, 2005, NeuroRx, 2 (4), 541-553).
- liposomes or even small vesicles or nanoparticles are generally too big, not specific enough for the BBB, and therefore relatively ineffective for the transport of molecules of therapeutic interest (or imaging or diagnostic agents, or any other molecule such as a molecular probe) through the BBB (Levin, 1980, J. Med Chem, 23, 682-684, Schackert et al. al, 1989, Selective Cancer Ther., 5, 73-79).
- TLDs lipidization technologies
- AMT advanced cellular cancer
- the main problem encountered is the low specificity to specifically target and cross the BBB compared to other cell membranes.
- the AMT is based on cationic molecules adsorbed on cells whose membrane is negatively charged, which is the case of most cells.
- the decrease in plasma AUC values of the drug, their generally limited use in vectorization of small molecules, and their cytotoxicity are all factors that penalize the vectorization approach via AMT.
- Physiological approaches to vectorization involve exploiting the different mechanisms of natural transport at the level of the BBB. These mechanisms of active transport of molecules through the BBB are either via coupling to a receptor-specific substrate or by molecular mimicry with the carrier specific substrate (Carrier-Mediated Transport or CMT), or via coupling or ligand fusion specifically targeting a receptor (Receptor-Mediated Transport or RMT).
- CMT Carrier-Mediated Transport
- RMT Receptor-Mediated Transport
- L-DOPA Parkinson's disease
- melphalan brain cancer
- ⁇ -methyl-DOPA artificial hypertension
- gabapentin epilepsy
- CMT broad neutral amino acid transporter
- RMT uses a receiver-dependent transport system.
- the vectorization is carried out via endocytosis mechanisms by targeting endogenous receptors / transporters present in the cerebral capillaries.
- endogenous receptors / transporters present in the cerebral capillaries include the transferrin receptor (TfR), the insulin receptor (IR), the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL) for the transport of cholesterol including the LDL receptor (LDLR) and members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) family, or the insulin-like growthfactor (IGFR) receptor, the diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) ) or heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), as well as scavenger receptors (SCAV-Rs) including the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI).
- TfR transferrin receptor
- IR insulin receptor
- LDL low-density lipoprotein receptors
- IGFR insulin-like growthfactor
- DTR diphtheria toxin receptor
- receptors on the membrane of an endothelial cell of the BBB bind their ligand, resulting in endocytosis of the receptor / transporter complex and its ligand in a vesicle that forms on the surface of the cell. and then enters the endothelial cell of the BBB.
- the ligand / receptor complex can pass through the endothelial cell (transcytosis), and thus cross the BBB to act in the nerve tissue.
- This process of RMT does not depend on the size of what is being endocyted.
- the RMT is a mechanism that allows the transport from the blood into the brain of molecules such as insulin, iron-carrying proteins, cholesterol, various peptide derivatives and proteins, etc.
- transferrin is used as a ligand vector of TfR on the BBB (Jefferies et al., 1984, Nature, 312, 162-163, Friden et al, 1983, Science, 259, 373-377, Friden, 1994, Neurosurgery , 35, 294-298), and the molecule to be transported (active substance) is coupled to transferrin (ligand vector).
- this vectorization strategy using a macromolecule allows an increase in the passage of conjugated molecules of interest through the BBB, it has some disadvantages.
- the coupling of the molecule to the vector is generally done by methods of gene expression (fusion) thus limiting the number of molecules to be transported to only polypeptides or proteins.
- the coupling system of the molecule to the vector is rather complex, a traditional chemical or biochemical coupling does not make it possible to obtain macro-molecular systems well defined from a structural and molecular point of view.
- the present invention makes it possible to overcome these disadvantages.
- the invention shows that it is possible to design peptides or pseudo-peptides of reduced size capable of carrying through the cell membranes, and more specifically the BBB, substances of mass and / or volume.
- the invention thus proposes novel peptides, conjugates and compositions, making it possible to improve the bioavailability of molecules of interest, and in particular to improve their access (targeting) to the CNS.
- the inventors have developed peptide derivatives capable of binding human LDLR.
- the inventors have shown that these derivatives were able to cross the BBB.
- the inventors have also shown that these derivatives make it possible to convey, in the cells of the BBB, molecules of therapeutic or diagnostic interest.
- the inventors have developed peptides capable of binding LDLR without competition with the natural ligand, and thus without interference with LDL transport. These peptide derivatives therefore represent new products (vectors) particularly advantageous for the design and vectorization of drugs or diagnostic agents, in particular to reach the CNS.
- An object of the invention thus resides in a peptide or pseudo-peptide comprising a sequence of natural and / or non-natural amino acids, characterized in that it contains at most 30 amino acid residues and in that binds human LDLR to the surface of cell membranes.
- the peptides comprise at least 5 amino acid residues, preferably at least 6, 7, or 8.
- the peptides of the invention also bind murine LDLR.
- the peptides of the invention have the ability to pass the BBB and potentially the membranes of cancerous or infectious cells.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a conjugate comprising a peptide or pseudopeptide as defined above coupled to a substance of interest.
- the coupling is advantageously covalent and can be made to dissociate after the passage of cell membranes, in order to release the substance interest in a site of interest.
- the release of the substance can take place for example passively or under the action of enzymes or specific physiological conditions.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a conjugate as defined above.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical or diagnostic composition comprising a conjugate of the invention.
- Another subject of the invention relates to the use of a peptide or pseudo-peptide, or a conjugate, as defined above, for the preparation of a medicament, a diagnostic or imaging agent.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for improving or allowing the passage of a molecule through the BBB, comprising the coupling of this molecule to a peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above.
- Another object of the invention resides in an improved method of treating a subject in a subject with a medicament, the improvement consisting in coupling this drug to a peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above.
- the invention is usable in any mammal, especially any human being.
- FIG. 4 Western blot performed on CHO cell lines constitutively expressing the hLDLR-GFP or GFP fusion proteins (used as a control). A 190 kDa band corresponding to the size of the hLDLR-GFP fusion protein is detected with the anti-hLDLR antibody.
- a - CHO-hLDLR-GFP cells expressing hLDLR-GFP (green) incubated with DiI-LDL (red), the red and green markings overlap is visible in yellow / orange, note the strong labeling of the cells.
- B Cells of a CHO-TfR-GFP line expressing hTfR-GFP (green) incubated with DiI-LDL (red): absence of binding and endocytosis of DiI-LDL.
- C CHO-hLDLR-GFP cells expressing hLDLR-GFP (green) incubated with Texas Red-coupled transferrin (red): absence of Tf ligand binding and endocytosis.
- CHO lines stably expressing A - Ia GFP alone (green), and B - hLDLR-GFP (green), and immunoblotting with anti-viral coat protein of a clone of bacterial viruses with a peptide (SEQ ID NO: 1) displayed for the hLDLR (red dots).
- the cell nuclei are marked with Hoechst (blue, Al and Bl).
- the fluorescence of GFP is visible in green (A2 and B2), that of the labeling of the viral envelope of the bacterial virus by the anti-viral protein antibody is visible in the red (A3 and B3) and the superposition of the red markings. and green is visible in yellow / orange (A4 and B4). Note that cells that do not express hLDLR at A do not fix bacterial viruses.
- the signal in Q2 shows a combination of 2 signals on the cells that are positive on the one hand if the hLDLR-GFP is expressed (GFP fluorescence, horizontal axis) and on the other hand if bacterial viruses affine for this receptor are linked to cells via the peptides they present (labeling by immunocytochemistry, vertical axis).
- a - CHO-hLD LR-GFP cells incubated with the anti-viral envelope protein antibody and its secondary APC antibody.
- B CHO-hLDLR-GFP cells incubated with control (negative) bacterial viruses, the anti-viral envelope protein antibody and its secondary APC antibody.
- C CHO-hLDLR-GFP Cells Incubated with a Clone of Bacterial Viruses Containing an Affinity Peptide for hLDLR (SEQ ID NO: 11), the Anti-Viral Envelope Protein Antibody and Its APC Secondary Antibody There is a significant displacement of the signal at Q2.
- the signal in Q2 shows a combination of 2 signals on the cells which are positive on the one hand if the hLDLR is expressed (labeling by immunocytochemistry, horizontal axis) and on the other hand if bacterial viruses affine for this receptor are linked to the cells via the peptides they present (immunocytochemical labeling, vertical axis).
- a - Human fibroblasts incubated with the anti-viral envelope protein antibody and its secondary APC antibody.
- B - Human fibroblasts incubated with the anti-LDLR antibody and its Alexa 488 secondary antibody.
- C - Human fibroblasts incubated with control (negative) bacterial viruses, anti-viral envelope protein antibody, anti-LDLR antibody and secondary antibodies APC and Alexa 488.
- D - Human Fibroblasts incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses having the peptide SEQ ID NO: 12 affine for hLDLR, the anti-viral envelope protein antibody, the anti-LDLR antibody and APC secondary antibodies and Alexa 488. A significant displacement of the signal is observed.
- a - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with the viral envelope anti-protein antibody and its secondary APC antibody.
- B - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with the anti-LDLR antibody and its Alexa 488 secondary antibody.
- C - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with control (negative) bacterial viruses, anti-viral envelope protein antibody, anti-LDLR antibody and secondary antibodies APC and Alexa 488.
- D - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses having the cyclic peptide (SEQ ID NO: 11) affine for the hLDLR, the viral envelope antiprotein antibody, the anti-LDLR antibody and the APC and Alexa 488 secondary antibodies. signal in Q2.
- E-HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses presenting the linear peptide (SEQ ID NO: 21) labeled for the hLDLR, the viral envelope antiprotein antibody, the anti-LDLR antibody and the secondary antibodies APC and Alexa 488. There is a significant displacement of the signal in Q2.
- Figure 12 FACS evaluation on HUVEC cells of a competition between the peptides presented by the affinity bacterial viruses for LDLR and its natural ligand LDL.
- a - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with the viral envelope anti-protein antibody and its secondary APC antibody.
- D - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with control (negative) bacterial viruses, anti-viral envelope protein, anti-LDLR antibody,
- LDL, and APC and Alexa 488 secondary antibodies No effects are observed due to the presence of LDL.
- E-HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses presenting the linear peptide (SEQ ID NO: 21) affine for hLDLR, the antiprotein antibody of the viral envelope, the anti-LDLR antibody and the secondary antibodies APC and Alexa 488.
- F - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses presenting the linear peptide (SEQ ID NO: 21) affine for hLDLR, the antiprotein antibody of the viral envelope, the anti-LDLR antibody, the LDL and the APC and Alexa 488 secondary antibodies.
- LDL strongly decreases the binding of the peptides SEQ ID NO: 21 presented by the bacterial viruses.
- G - HUVEC endothelial cells incubated with a clone of bacterial viruses having the cyclic peptide (SEQ ID NO: 11) affinity for hLDLR, viral envelope antiprotein antibody, anti-LDLR antibody and secondary antibodies APC and Alexa 488.
- the cerebral vessels are labeled with anti-mouse IgG, in green (A-C), the bacterial viruses are labeled with an anti-viral envelope protein, in red (B-D).
- Figure 14 General scheme of synthesized peptides conjugated to rhodamine or S-Tag, with C-terminal spacer arm (C-term).
- the signal in Q2 shows a combination of 2 signals on the cells which are positive on the one hand if the hLDLR-GFP is expressed (fluorescence GFP, horizontal axis) and on the other hand if the peptide controls, and the peptide SEQ ID NO 11 affin for this receptor is bound to cells (immunocytochemical labeling, vertical axis).
- the invention relates to peptide derivatives capable of binding human LDLR and their use in the pharmaceutical field, in particular for conveying, in the cells of the BBB, molecules of therapeutic or diagnostic interest.
- Human LDLR is a transmembrane protein of 839 amino acids comprising three regions: the extracellular region (1-768), the transmembrane region (768-790) and the cytoplasmic region (790-839).
- the extracellular region is divided into two subregions: that of LDL binding (1-322) and that outside the LDL binding zone (322-768) (see WO2007 / 014992).
- LDLR natural ligands are LDL and more particularly apo lipoprotein B (ApoB) and apo lipoprotein E (ApoE) constitutive of LDL particles thus allowing the transport of cholesterol, contained in these particles, through cell membranes. and more particularly the BBB.
- LDLR allows the transcytosis of LDL particles through the BBB (Dehouck et al., 1997, J. CeIl Biol, 138 (4), 877-889), via a process of RMT, in particular endosomal vesicles that prevent lysosome fusion.
- BBB BBB
- RMT endosomal vesicles that prevent lysosome fusion.
- the invention shows that such peptides or pseudo-peptides are selective for certain cell membranes and can be used to deliver both small chemical molecules (whether or not they are lipophilic), as well as macro molecules such as proteins. therapeutic interest.
- the vector peptides or pseudo-peptides can be easily synthesized chemically, and most of the molecules of therapeutic interest, or imaging or diagnostic agents can be coupled to the peptide or pseudo-peptide vector in a simple and effective way. through a prodrug strategy via a spacer arm (synthesis via linker) or by direct coupling (tandem synthesis) between the two entities ( Figure 2).
- the peptides and pseudo-peptides of the invention can be designed to adopt a cyclic configuration, and therefore more resistant to proteolysis.
- the peptides and pseudopeptides of the invention can be designed to bind LDLR without competition with the natural ligand.
- the invention has indeed allowed the discovery of a new binding site on LDLR, different from the LDL binding site. Therefore, the use of peptides and pseudo-peptides of the invention targeting this site allows efficient transport without substantial disturbance of the binding of the natural ligand.
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides which it has developed can be used as vectors of molecules of therapeutic interest, or of imaging or diagnostic agents, or any other molecule such as a molecular probe, in the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of neurological pathologies, as well as cerebral or non-cerebral infectious or cancerous pathologies.
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides described in the present invention possess the ability to target cellular receptors / transporters, particular cell types and / or to pass cell membranes including those physiological barriers of the brain and more particularly the BBB or blood-retinal barrier (BSR).
- BBB blood-retinal barrier
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides described in the present invention possess the capacity to target cellular receptors / transporters, particular cell types, in particular cancerous cells, nervous or non-nervous tissue, and / or to pass cell membranes, particularly those physiological barriers of the CNS and more particularly the blood-brain barrier (BHT) at the level of tumors of the nervous tissue.
- BHT blood-brain barrier
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides described in the present invention possess the capacity to target cellular receptors / transporters, particular cell types and / or to pass cell membranes, in particular those of physiological barriers of the CNS, to treat more particularly infectious diseases cerebral or other, bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal.
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides described in the present invention possess the ability to bind to a murine or human LDLR of the cell membrane and to cross said membrane through this receptor by transcytosis.
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides described in the present invention possess the ability to bind to the LDLR at the cell membrane surface of the murine and human brain physiological barriers and to cross the physiological barrier through LDLR by MRT. .
- the invention therefore relates more particularly to peptides and pseudo-peptides which have an affinity for LDLR, and their use as vectors of molecules of therapeutic interest or of imaging or diagnostic agents, or of any other molecule such as a molecular probe.
- peptides can be used in many indications, in particular in the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of neurological pathologies, as well as infectious or cancerous pathologies, cerebral or otherwise.
- An object of the invention therefore resides in a peptide or pseudo-peptide comprising a sequence of natural and / or non-natural amino acids, characterized in that it contains at most 30 amino acid residues, preferably at most 25 amino acids. and in that it binds human LDLR to the surface of cell membranes.
- the term "peptide” or "pseudo-peptide” denotes a molecule comprising a chain of amino acid residues, which may or may not be natural, optionally modified or functionalized, and linked together by peptide bonds, which are not peptidic. or modified peptides.
- the peptides may or may not be cyclic, and may have, where appropriate, one or more protected ends.
- a preferred object of the invention resides in a peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above, characterized in that it has the ability to pass the BBB.
- the peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention correspond to the following general formula (I):
- X is a group comprising 1 to 11 consecutive natural and / or non-natural amino acids
- Y is a group comprising 1 to 11 consecutive natural and / or non-natural amino acids
- X and / or Y contains at least one amino acid residue allowing the formation of a ring within the peptide
- M denotes methionine or one of its isosteres or one of its analogues
- P denotes proline or one of its isosteres or one of its analogues
- X is a group of formula (Xaa) 1 Z (Xaa) J and Y is a group of formula (Xaa) kW (Xaa) i, in which Xaa represents a natural or non-natural amino acid, including a D-configuration amino acid, an uncoded amino acid, or an amino acid containing a peptidomimetic bond, Z and W represent two identical or different amino acids for cyclizing the peptide, and i, j, k and 1 are integers, identical or different, between 0 and 5.
- the invention results in particular from the identification, by comparison strategies of the peptide ligand sequence, of motifs which provide binding and transport by LDLR but without competition with the natural ligand.
- the absence of competition with the natural ligand shows that the binding motifs discovered by the inventors imply a new binding site on the LDLR, which constitutes an unexpected and particularly advantageous discovery in the context of the vectorization of compounds in vivo.
- amino acids, natural or non-natural, constituting the X and Y groups of the peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention may be identical or different and chosen from: glycine (GIy, G) or 2-aminoethanoic acid, sarcosine ( Sar) or N-methylglycine (MeGIy), N-ethylglycine (EtGIy), allylglycine (allylGly) or 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid, 2-cyclopentylglycine (Cpg), 2-cyclohexylglycine (Chg), 2,2-dipropylglycine (Dpg), 2- (3-indolyl) glycine (IndGly), 2-indanylglycine (IgI), 2-neopentylglycine (NptGly), 2-octylglycine (OctGly), 2- propargylglycine (Pra) or 2-amino pent-4
- glycinol or 2-aminoethanol alanine (Ala, A) or 2-aminopropanoic acid, beta-alanine ( ⁇ -Ala) or 3-aminopropanoic acid, dehydroalanine, N-methylalanine, 3 cyclopropylalanine (Cpa), 3-cyclohexylalanine (Cha), 3-cyclopentylalanine, 3- (1-naphthyl) alanine (INaI), 3- (2-naphthyl) alanine (2NaI), 3- (3-cyclopentylalanine); pyridyl) alanine, 3- (2-thienyl) alanine (Thi), palaninol or 2-aminopropanol, valine (Val, V) or 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, N-methylvaline (MeVaI), norvaline (Nva) and its methylated and / or
- wing N-methyliso leucine (Melle), isoleucinol or 2-amino-3-methylpentanol,
- aspartic acid Aspartic acid (Asp, D) or 2-aminobutanedioic acid and its derivatives esterified or laterally amidated, 3-methylaspartic acid, aspartinol, asparagine (Asn, N) or 2-amino-3-acid carbamoylpropanoic or 2-aminosuccinamic acid and its N-substituted derivatives, N-ethylasparagine (EtAsn), asparaginol,
- glutamic acid Glu, E or 2-aminopentanedioic acid and its derivatives esterified or laterally amidated, pyroglutamic acid (Pyr) or pidolic acid or 5-oxoproline, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid or 4-carboxyglutamic acid (GIa), glutarinol, glutamine (GIn, Q) or 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid and its N-substituted derivatives, glutaminol, diaminoethanoic acid, 2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (Dpr or Dap) ), 3-mercaptopropanoic acid (Mpa), 2-amino-3-guanidinopropanoic acid
- threonine Thr, T
- 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid and its O-substituted derivatives (ethers, etc.)
- allo-threonine allo-Thr
- allo-Thr allo-Thr
- O-substituted derivatives ethers, etc.
- threoninol phenylalanine (Phe, F) or 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid
- tryptophan or 2-amino-3- (1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid and its N-substituted derivatives, 2-methyltryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), tryptophanol , cysteine (Cys, C) or 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid and its S-substituted derivatives, S-acetylcysteine or 2-amino-3- (acetylthio) propanoic acid, selenocysteine (Sec, U) or acid 2-amino-3- (seleno) propanoic acid, cysteinol, methionine (Met or M) or 2-amino-4- (methylthio) butanoic acid, homomethionine or 3-amino-5- (methylthio) pentanoic acid, methioninol,
- proline Pro, P
- pyrolidine-2-carboxylic acid homoproline or 2- (2-pyrrolidinyl) ethanoic acid, 3-hydroxyproline (3Hyp), 4-hydroxyproline
- peptides comprising at least 1, preferably 2, amino acid residues which may allow cyclization of the peptide are preferred.
- amino acids are typically selected from Cys, Mpa, Pen, dehydroalanine, or allylGly.
- Cyclization is typically achieved by forming a disulfide bridge between two cysteine residues (or Pen), one present in group X, the other in group Y.
- a cysteine in N-terminal position (N-term) can also be replaced by an Mpa for cyclization via a disulfide bridge.
- a cysteine residue can also be replaced by dehydroalanine, for cyclization via a lanthionine bridge, or by allylGly for metathesis cyclization via a dicarba bridge.
- a lactam bridge can be created between the lateral acid function of a Glu (or Asp) residue and a side amino function on a N-term Lys or amine.
- a cyclization between the amino function N-term and the C-terminal or C-term acid function (head / tail) can be carried out via an amide bond, just like a cyclization between the amine side function of a Lys and the C-term acid function of the peptide.
- At least one of the groups X and Y contains a cysteine residue.
- the residues Z and W each represent a cysteine.
- M represents a methionine residue, or one of its isosteres or one of its analogues.
- the isosteres or analogs of methionine are preferably chosen from Nie, homomethionine, Pen, Mpa.
- P represents a proline residue, or one of its isosteres or one of its analogues.
- the isosteres or proline analogues are preferably selected from cyclopentene isosteres, 3,4-dehydroproline, 3,4-methanoproline, homoproline, 3Hyp, 4Hyp, 3-methylproline, 4-aminoproline, 4 -oxoproline, Thz, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, Idc, Pip, Mp, 4-oxopipecolic acid, 4-hydroxypipecolic acid, amino-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid.
- R represents an arginine residue, or one of its isosteres or one of its analogues.
- the isosteres or analogs of arginine are preferably chosen from homoarginine, N-hydroxyarginine, Agp, Agb, Cit, 2-amino-5- (4-carbamimidoylphenyl) pentanoic acid, 2-amino acid (5H-imidazol-2-ylamino) pentanoic acid, Orn, Lys and its isosteres / analogs, S-aminoethylcysteine, 3-methyl-5-aminoethylcysteine, hLys, ⁇ yl, a ⁇ yl, MeLys, ⁇ is and its isosteres / analogues, Nie, diaminoethanoic acid, Dpr, Dbu.
- i is an integer selected from 0, 1, 3 or 4;
- j is an integer selected from 0, 3 or 4;
- k is an integer selected from 0, 1 or 3; and / or - 1 is an integer selected from 0, 1 or 3.
- Preferred peptides or pseudo-peptides within the meaning of the invention correspond to the general formula (Xaa) i-Cys- (Xaa) 1-Met-Pro-Arg- (Xaa) k-Cys- (Xaa) 1, in which Xaa denotes any natural or non-natural amino acid residue and i, j, k and 1 are integers, identical or different, between 0 and 5.
- Xaa denotes any natural or non-natural amino acid residue and i, j, k and 1 are integers, identical or different, between 0 and 5.
- i 0, 1, 3 or 4
- j 0, 3 or 4
- k 0, 1 or 3
- / or 1 0, 1 or 3.
- Particular examples of peptides according to the invention having the formula (I) are described in the following sequences SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 30 to SEQ ID NO: 65:
- SEQ ID NO: 33 DSALCMPRLRGCDPR
- SEQ ID NO: 34 DSGACMPRLRGCDPR
- SEQ ID NO: 40 DSGLCMPRLRGCDPA
- these peptides bind LDLR without competition with LDL, exhibit high affinity, are able to cross the BBB and carry molecules of interest.
- the peptides of formula (I) having a cyclic configuration are preferred. Particularly preferred is the peptide comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: 11, or a sequence derived therefrom, for example SEQ ID NO: 30 and 48.
- the peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention are chosen from the peptides of sequence SEQ ID NO: 12 to SEQ ID NO: 29: SEQ ID NO: 12, MT VMPTGL WNPLIP S; SEQ ID NO: 13, SASWFAVPIPPLRLE; SEQ ID NO 14, MTPMSTPRMLPVYVA; SEQ ID NO: 15, MTATHLSTLFQPLTY; SEQ ID NO: 16, MSPIPPAASTWANTL; SEQ ID NO: 17, MTANPLQNAPGPLSL; SEQ ID NO 18, MQTAPPPPLTRVQWS; SEQ ID NO 19, GTPRMHIPLNVDHLP; SEQ ID NO.
- LTLPPISGLSSYPLP LTLPPISGLSSYPLP; SEQ ID NO: 21, TPSAHAMALQSLSVG; SEQ ID NO 22, LTLPPISGLSSYPLP; SEQ ID NO. 23, MGTLNAPTAYPQDSL; SEQ ID NO 24, LTNPPAYLPQNTDPH; SEQ ID NO: 25, MGLPLPYIQTILHTP; SEQ ID NO. 26, SAALIAMSSFKSITA; SEQ ID NO: 27, SGFAFARSVPTESRR; SEQ ID NO: 28, MTSPYMSLPPSTDDM; SEQ ID NO 29, LTNPPAYLPQNTDPH.
- the linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention may comprise modified peptide, non-peptide and / or peptide bonds.
- the peptides or pseudo-peptides comprise at least one peptidomimetic bond, preferably chosen from the intercalation of a methylene group (-CH 2 -) or phosphate (-PO 2 -), secondary amine.
- alpha-azapeptides alpha-alkylpeptides, N-alkylpeptides, phosphonamidates, depsipeptides, hydroxymethylenes, hydroxyethylenes, dihydroxyethylenes, hydroxyethylamines, retro-inverso, methyleneoxy, cetomethylene, esters, phosphinates , phosphinic, phosphonamides, carba analogues.
- the peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention comprise a function N-term and / or C-term respectively protected, for example, by acylation, or by amidation or esterification.
- the peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention can be synthesized by any technique known per se to those skilled in the art (chemical, biological, genetic synthesis, etc.). They can be stored as is, or formulated in the presence of a substance of interest or any acceptable excipient.
- amino acids referred to as exotic, that is to say, non-coded
- a peptide sequence containing one or more peptidomimetic linkages may in particular include the intercalation of a methylene (-CH 2 -) or phosphate (-PO 2 - ), secondary amine (-NH-) or oxygen (-O-).
- lipid derivative or phospholipidic derivative
- a constituent of a nanoparticle so as to incorporate the peptide or pseudo-peptide of the invention in a lipid membrane such as that of a liposome consisting of one or more lipid layers or bilayers, or a nanoparticle.
- the peptides of the invention, or part of them of protein nature can also be obtained from a nucleic acid sequence coding for it.
- the subject of the present invention is also a nucleic acid molecule comprising or consisting of a nucleic sequence coding for a peptide as defined above. More particularly, the invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least one sequence coding for a compound of general formula (I) or corresponding to one of the sequences SEQ ID NO: 12 to SEQ ID NO: 29 or a part of this one of protein nature.
- These nucleic acid sequences may be DNA or RNA and may be associated with control sequences and / or inserted into biological expression vectors. The biological expression vector used is chosen according to the host in which it will be transferred.
- nucleic acids and biological expression vectors are particular objects of the invention, and are useful for producing the peptides of the invention, or part thereof of a protein nature, in a cellular host.
- the preparation of these biological expression vectors as well as the production or expression in a host of the peptides can be carried out by the techniques of molecular biology and genetic engineering well known to those skilled in the art.
- the peptides of the invention are particularly useful for formulating substances of therapeutic or diagnostic interest, and especially for promoting their biodistribution and / or their passage through the BBB.
- an object of the invention lies in the use of a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above, as a vector for the transfer / transport of molecules of therapeutic interest, or as agents for imaging or diagnostic, or any other molecule.
- Another subject of the invention is the use of a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above for the preparation of a drug capable of crossing the BBB.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for enabling or improving the passage of a molecule through the BBB, comprising coupling the molecule to a peptide or pseudo-peptide of the invention.
- linear or cyclic peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention make it possible to cross the BBB to an active substance that does not pass this barrier. They can therefore be used in the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of any disease affecting the CNS, but also as carriers of biological material (biotransporters) in studies conducted on various families of molecules with cell membrane models and more particularly of BBB.
- biological material biological material
- the present application describes various prodrug conjugate compounds comprising a peptide or pseudo-peptide as defined above.
- conjugate refers to a molecule resulting from the combination of one or more peptides or pseudo-peptides of the invention and one or more molecules of interest.
- the conjugation can be of a chemical nature, such as by means of a linker or spacer arm, or of a genetic nature, for example genetic recombination technology.
- a fusion protein with for example a marker or tracer molecule (for example, GFP, ⁇ -galactosidase, etc.) or a therapeutic molecule (for example a growth factor, neurotrophic factor, etc.).
- a marker or tracer molecule for example, GFP, ⁇ -galactosidase, etc.
- a therapeutic molecule for example a growth factor, neurotrophic factor, etc.
- VxDy (II) wherein V represents a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide of the invention, D represents an active substance or of interest, and x and y are integers between 1 and 5. In a particular embodiment , x and y are equal to 1, where x is greater than y.
- the active substance is an analgesic therapeutic peptide, dalargine.
- the direct coupling (tandem synthesis) of this therapeutic peptide into N-term of the vector peptide SEQ ID NO: 48 gives the conjugate SEQ ID NO: 66, Y- (D) -AGFLR- (D) -CMPRLRGC.
- Another particular object of the invention relates to a conjugate compound of formula (III) below:
- VxLzDy (III) wherein V represents a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide of the invention, L represents a spacer arm, D represents an active substance or of interest, x and y are integers between 1 and 5 and z is an integer between 1 and 10.
- the active substance or of interest may be any molecule of pharmaceutical interest, in particular therapeutic, a diagnostic or medical imaging agent, or a molecular probe. It may be in particular any chemical entity having a biological interest such as a small chemical molecule (antibiotic, antiviral, immunomodulator, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc.), a peptide or polypeptide, a protein (enzyme , hormone, cytokine, apolipoprotein, growth factor, antigen, antibody or part of antibody), a nucleic acid (ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid of human, viral, animal, eukaryotic or prokaryotic origin, vegetable, synthetic, etc.
- a small chemical molecule antibiotic, antiviral, immunomodulator, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc.
- a peptide or polypeptide a protein (enzyme , hormone, cytokine, apolipoprotein, growth factor, antigen, antibody or part of antibody)
- a nucleic acid
- the "substance of interest” can be any active ingredient of a drug, be it a chemical, biochemical, natural or synthetic.
- the term "small chemical molecule” denotes a molecule of pharmaceutical interest having a molecular weight of up to 1000 Daltons, typically between 300 and 700 Daltons. Another particular object of the invention relates to a compound of formula (IV) below:
- the coupling between V and D, or between V and L on the one hand and between L and D on the other hand can be achieved by any means of binding acceptable given the chemical nature , the size and the number of active substance (s) and associated peptide (s) or pseudo-peptide (s).
- the coupling can thus be carried out by one or more covalent, hydrophobic or ionic bonds, cleavable or otherwise in a physiological medium or inside cells.
- D can be coupled to V, where appropriate via L, at different reactive groups, and in particular at one or more N-term and / or C-term ends of V and / or at a or more reactive groups carried by the side chains of the natural amino acids or not, constituting V.
- the coupling can be carried out at any site of the peptide or pseudo-peptide, in which functional groups such as -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, -NH 2 , -SO 3 H, -
- a molecule of therapeutic interest, or a diagnostic agent (or medical imaging agent) or any other molecule such as a molecular probe may be linked (coupled) to the linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide vector of the invention by a covalent bond either at the N-term or C-term termini, or at the level of the reactive groups borne by the side chains of the natural amino acids or not, of this peptide sequence.
- the coupling can be carried out at any site of the active substance or of interest (molecule of therapeutic interest, diagnostic or medical imaging agent, any other molecule such as a molecular probe), where for example groupings such as -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, -NH 2 , -SO 3 H, -PO 2 H are naturally present or have been introduced.
- groupings such as -OH, -SH, -CO 2 H, -NH 2 , -SO 3 H, -PO 2 H are naturally present or have been introduced.
- the interaction is sufficiently solid so that the peptide does not dissociate from the active substance until it has reached its site of action.
- the preferred coupling according to the invention is a covalent coupling, but it could however be a non-covalent coupling.
- the substance of interest can be coupled directly to the peptide (tandem synthesis) either at one of these terminal ends (N-term or C-term), or at the level of a side chain of one of the constituent amino acids of the sequence ( Figure 2).
- the substance of interest can also be coupled indirectly via a linker or spacer arm (synthesis via linker), either at one of the terminal ends of the peptides, or at a side chain of a amino acids constituting the sequence ( Figure 2).
- an object of the invention also resides in a process for preparing a conjugated compound as defined above, characterized in that it comprises a step of coupling between a peptide or pseudo-peptide V and a Substance D, where appropriate via L, preferably chemically, biochemically, enzymatically, or by genetic engineering.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it comprises at least one conjugated compound as defined above and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a diagnostic composition characterized in that it comprises a diagnostic or medical imaging agent consisting of a conjugated compound as defined above.
- the conjugate can be used in the form of any pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts is meant, for example and without limitation, pharmaceutically acceptable basic or acid addition salts, hydrates, esters, solvates, precursors, metabolites or stereoisomers, said vectors or conjugates charged with at least one substance of interest. .
- salts refers to non-toxic salts, which can be generally prepared by reacting a free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid. These salts retain the biological efficacy and properties of free bases.
- Representative examples of such salts are water-soluble and water-insoluble salts, such as acetates, N-methylglucamine ammonium, ansonates (4,4-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonates), benzenesulfonates, benzonates, bicarbonates, bisulfates, bitartrates, borates, hydrobromides, bromides, buryates, camsylates, carbonates, hydrochlorides, chlorides, citrates, clavulariates, dihydrochlorides, diphosphates, edetates, calcium edetates, edisylates, estolates, esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolylars
- compositions of the invention advantageously comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle may be chosen from the vehicles conventionally used according to each of the modes of administration. Depending on the intended mode of administration, the compounds may be in solid, semi-solid or liquid form.
- the active substance may be combined with: a) diluents, for example lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and / or glycine; b) lubricants, for example silica, talc, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and / or polyethylene glycol; c) binders, for example magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and / or polyvinylpyrrolidone; d) disintegrants, for example starch, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures; and / or e) absorbents, dyes, flavoring agents and sweeteners.
- diluents for example lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and / or glycine
- lubricants for
- the excipients may be, for example, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talc, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate and pharmaceutical grade analogs.
- the excipient may, for example, be a fat emulsion or suspension, or based on polyalkylene glycol, such as polypropylene glycol.
- Liquid compositions, in particular injectable or to be included in a soft capsule can be prepared for example by dissolution, dispersion, etc. of the active substance in a pharmaceutically pure solvent such as, for example, water, physiological saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, an oil and its analogues.
- compositions or conjugates of the invention may be administered by any suitable route and, in a non-limiting manner by the parenteral route, such as, for example, in the form of injectable preparations subcutaneously, intravenously or intramuscularly; orally (or per os), such as, for example, in the form of coated tablets or not, capsules, powders, granules, suspensions or oral solutions (such a form for oral administration can be either immediate release, either prolonged or delayed release); - rectal route, such as, for example, in the form of suppositories; - Topical route, particularly transdermal, such as, for example, in the form of patches, ointments or gels; - intra- nasal, such as aerosols and sprays; - perlingual route; - intraocular route.
- the parenteral route such as, for example, in the form of injectable preparations subcutaneously, intravenously or intramuscularly; orally (or per os), such as, for example, in the form
- compositions typically comprise an effective dose of a peptide or pseudo-peptide or conjugate of the invention.
- a "therapeutically effective dose” as herein described is understood to be the dose that provides a therapeutic effect for a given condition and administration regimen. This is typically the average dose of an active substance to be administered to substantially improve some of the symptoms associated with a disease or condition. For example, in the treatment of cerebral or non-brain cancer, a pathology, a lesion or a disorder of the CNS, the dose of an active substance which decreases, prevents, delays, suppresses or stops the any of the causes or symptoms of the disease or disorder would be therapeutically effective.
- a "therapeutically effective dose" of an active substance is not required to cure a disease or disorder but will provide treatment for that disease or disorder so that its onset is delayed, hindered or prevented, or that its symptoms are alleviated, or the term is modified or, for example, less severe or the patient's recovery is accelerated.
- the "therapeutically effective dose” for a particular individual will depend on various factors, including the activity / efficacy of the active substance, its time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion and metabolism, associations / drug interactions and the severity of the disease (or disorder) treated as a preventative or curative, as well as age, body weight, overall health status, sex and / or diet of the patient.
- the conjugates and compositions of the invention may be used for the treatment, prevention, diagnosis or imaging of numerous pathologies, in particular pathologies affecting the CNS, infectious pathologies or cancers.
- the invention relates to the use of conjugates or pharmaceutical compositions as described above for the treatment or the prevention of CNS pathologies or disorders, of cerebral cancer tumors or of other cancerous cells, and of infectious pathologies. cerebral or otherwise, bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal.
- the invention also relates to the use of conjugates or pharmaceutical compositions as described above for the diagnosis or imaging of CNS pathologies or disorders, of cerebral cancer tumors or of other cancerous cells, and of cerebral infectious pathologies or others, bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal.
- the invention also relates to the use of a conjugate or a composition as defined above for the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of a cerebral cancer tumor or of another type of cancer cells.
- hypocholesterolemia This hypocholesterolemia is the consequence of overuse of cholesterol by cancer cells.
- the latter induce an increase in the level of expression of LDLR in the tumoral organs in order to survive (Henricksson et al., 1989, Lancet, 2 (8673), 1178-1180).
- LDLR low-denothelial ase.
- LDLR low-density lipoprotein
- tumor cells overexpress LDLR, such as those of prostate cancer (Chen et al, 2001, J. Cancer, 91, 41-45), colon cancer (Niendorf et al, 1995, Int. J. Cancer, 61, 461- 464), leukemias (Tatidis et al., 2002, Biochem Pharmacol, 63, 2169-2180), colorectal cancer (Caruso et al., 2001, Anticancer Res., 21, 429-433), breast cancer (Graziani et al, 2002, Gynecol, Oncol, 85, 493-497), as well as cancers of the liver, pancreas, ovary, lung, stomach, etc.
- the invention also relates to the use of a conjugate or a composition as defined above for the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of infectious diseases of the brain or the like, of the bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal, such as, and not limited to, AIDS, even meningitis, etc.
- LDLR is also present on liver cells. It is now known that endocytosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be mediated through LDLR. LDLR could serve as a viral receptor at an early stage of human hepatocyte infection with HCV (Molina et al., 2007, J. Hepatol, 46 (3), 411-419).
- the conjugates of the invention can therefore be used to specifically target pathological cells, infected with viruses such as hepatitis B and C, which express LDLR and / or to modulate the process of infection of healthy cells by viruses. via the LDLR.
- the invention also relates to the use of a conjugate or a composition as defined above for the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of neurodegenerative pathologies such as but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, stroke, bovine spongiform encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc.
- neurodegenerative pathologies such as but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, stroke, bovine spongiform encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc.
- the invention also relates to the use of a conjugate or a composition as defined above for the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of neurological pathologies such as, but not limited to, epilepsy, migraine , encephalitis, CNS pain, etc.
- the invention also relates to the use of a conjugate or a composition as defined above for the treatment, imaging and / or diagnosis of pathologies neuropsychiatrics such as, but not limited to, depression, autism, anxiety, schizophrenia, etc.
- treatment means obtaining a pharmacological and / or physiological effect, for example, inhibition of cancer cell growth, cancer cell death, or amelioration. of a disease or neurological disorder.
- the effect may be prophylactic or preventative in order to totally or partially prevent the aggravation of a disease or symptom thereof, in a sick person, or its spread, in healthy subjects, and / or may be therapeutic in order to treat totally or partially a disease and / or its related harmful effects.
- treatment includes any treatment of a disease in a mammal, and more particularly a human, and includes: (a) the prevention of a disease (for example, the prevention of cancer) or a condition that may occur in a person who is prone to this condition or disorder, but has not yet been diagnosed as having it, (b) slowing down a disease (for example, stopping its development) , or (c) the relief of a disease (for example, by reducing the symptoms associated with a disease).
- a disease for example, the prevention of cancer
- condition that may occur in a person who is prone to this condition or disorder, but has not yet been diagnosed as having it
- slowing down a disease for example, stopping its development
- the relief of a disease for example, by reducing the symptoms associated with a disease.
- treatment also includes any administration of an active substance to treat, cure, relieve, ameliorate, diminish or inhibit a condition in an individual or patient, including but not limited to , administering to a person in need of a drug composed of a vector or conjugate as described herein.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide, of the invention for increasing the biological activity of an active substance or of interest (molecule of therapeutic interest, diagnostic agent or medical imaging, any other molecule such as a molecular probe) to which it is coupled.
- an active substance or of interest molecule of therapeutic interest, diagnostic agent or medical imaging, any other molecule such as a molecular probe
- the present invention also relates to the use of a linear or cyclic peptide or pseudo-peptide of the invention for reducing the toxicity of the active substance or of interest (molecule of therapeutic interest, diagnostic or medical imaging agent, any other molecule such as a molecular probe) to which it is coupled.
- the active substance or of interest molecule of therapeutic interest, diagnostic or medical imaging agent, any other molecule such as a molecular probe
- the peptides were identified on the basis of their interaction and affinity for the human and murine receptors with low-density lipoproteins (hLDLR and mLDLR), involved in particular in endocytosis and transcytosis (trans-cellular transport, in particular through the BBB ) cholesterol.
- hLDLR and mLDLR low-density lipoproteins
- trans-cellular transport in particular through the BBB ) cholesterol.
- CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
- the messenger RNA sequences coding for hLDLR and mLDLR are available in the databases (access numbers: NM_000527 and NM O 10700 respectively).
- the primers necessary for amplification of the cDNAs by PCR were selected, having at their end (in bold type) the necessary restriction sites (HindIII and SalI for human LDLR and HindIII and KpnI for murine LDLR) for cloning in the pEGFP-N1 expression vector (Clontech):
- RNAs prepared from human and murine brains were transformed into reverse transcription cDNA for PCR amplification of DNA fragments encoding hLDLR and mLDLR.
- the PCR products were digested with the HindIII-SalI and HindIII-KpnI restriction enzymes respectively and ligated into the pEGFP-N1 expression vector (Clontech), digested with the same restriction enzymes.
- this vector allows the expression, under the control of the CMV promoter, of LDLR fused to GFP at their C-term end, ie at the end of their intracellular domains (FIG. 3).
- E. coli DH5 ⁇ competent bacteria After transformation of E. coli DH5 ⁇ competent bacteria, obtaining isolated colonies, preparation of the plasmid DNA, the constructs were integrally sequenced on the 2 strands for verification.
- Transient transfections in different cell lines were performed to determine the expression levels and membrane localization of hLDLR and mLDLR on living cells.
- the receptor is visible directly on living cells, under fluorescence microscopy, without the need for immunostaining, thanks to the green fluorescence emitted by the GFP fused at C-term of these receptors.
- Stable transfectants were selected by limiting dilution and using the geneticin resistance gene (G418) carried by the expression vector. These lines were amplified while keeping a selection pressure.
- the expression of the hLD LR-GFP of the expected size was verified by Western Blot on cell lysates with antibodies directed against the Human LDLR and against GFP.
- a protein corresponding to the combined sizes of GFP and hLDLR (190 kDa) is recognized by anti-hLDLR ( Figure 4) and anti-GFP antibodies in cell extracts prepared from stable lines.
- a CHO line expressing GFP constitutively was used as a negative control.
- the anti-hLDLR antibody does not detect any protein in the GFP line.
- DiI-LDL fluorescent natural ligand
- Figure 6- A This fluorescent natural ligand (DiI-LDL) is rapidly internalized (endocytosis) as visualized under fixed-cell fluorescence microscopy ( Figure 6- A).
- DiI-LDL is not endocytinated by the CHO-GFP control line, or by another CHO cell control line, which overexpresses, for example, the human transferrin receptor (hTfR, Figure 6-B), a other receptor involved in transcytosis.
- hTfR human transferrin receptor
- the endocytosis activity of the CHO-LDLR-GFP line is specific to the LDLR ligand, since in this line no non-specific ligand endocytosis is observed, for example transferrin (Tf) labeled with a red fluorochrome (Texas Red, Figure 6-C).
- Tf transferrin labeled with a red fluorochrome (Texas Red, Figure 6-C).
- Receptor functionality endocytotic capacity is confirmed by real-time experiments under fluorescent video microscopy, showing that LDL, the natural ligand of hLDLR, labeled with DiI, is effectively transported rapidly and very efficiently in expressing cells.
- hLDLR-GFP compared to cells expressing GFP alone or cells expressing another receptor involved in endocytosis such as hTfR (negative controls).
- video microscopy experiments performed with Texas Red Tf which is very effective endocytated by cells expressing hTfR-GFP, confirm that transferrin is not endocytinated by the cells of a GFP control line nor those of a line hLDLR.
- the clones of bacterial viruses identified by the binding of the peptides they present and which bind to the hLDLR-GFP expressed by the CHO-hLDLR-GFP stable line were placed in the presence of the cells of the LDLR lines and after intensive washing, were were detected with an antibody directed against the viral envelope protein of the bacterial virus followed by a second antibody coupled to Alexa 594. ( Figure 7). These bacterial viruses do not bind to cells of the CHO-GFP control line expressing GFP alone.
- Bacterial viruses with affinity peptides for hLDLR were incubated with adherent, non-engineered cells, and known to constitutively or inducibly express hLDLR, including human fibroblasts, human endothelial cells prepared from umbilical cord ( HUVEC) or microvascular endothelial cells of pig brain.
- Immunocytochemistry approaches with antibodies to bacterial viral envelope protein show that affinity peptides for hLDLR, presented by bacterial viruses, also bind to LDLR present on primary cells, not genetically modified, for example human fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells of pig brain (Figure 8).
- FACS quantitative flow cytometry
- Figures 9, 10, 11 correspond to the results obtained for the peptides SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 12 and SEQ ID NO: 21 on cells of the CHO-hLDLR-GFP line (FIG. 9), human fibroblasts ( Figure 10) and HUVEC cells ( Figure 11).
- Bacterial viruses with affinity peptides for hLDLR (SEQ ID NO: 1 is described here for example) and control bacterial viruses (lacking affinity peptide for hLDLR) were injected into the anesthetized C57BL6 mouse tail vein with halothane. After 15 min and 2 h post injection, the mice were sacrificed and perfused with 0.9% NaCl. The brain, liver and kidneys were frozen in isopentane and freezing sections were made for double immunohistochemical staining to visualize the blood vessels with an anti-mouse IgG and an anti-mouse antibody. viral envelope protein for visualizing bacterial viruses linked to endothelial cells in vivo.
- the experiments show that the bacterial viruses presenting the peptide SEQ ID NO: 1 for hLDLR and for mLDLR bind to the endothelial cells of the vessel wall, which is not the case for the control bacterial viruses (FIG. 13). .
- Peptides were synthesized by Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) on an automatic synthesizer, Advanced ChemTech Apex396 model (AAPPTec), or a Liberty TM (CEM) microwave assisted automatic synthesizer, using a Fmoc / tBu strategy on Rink resins
- SPPS Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis
- AAPPTec Advanced ChemTech Apex396 model
- CEM Liberty TM microwave assisted automatic synthesizer
- Barlos and Sieber type "hypersensitive acid labile or HAL" resins allow the release of the terminal acid or amide function (in C-term) while preserving the orthogonal lateral protections of the different amino acids of the synthesized peptide as well as the amino terminal protection.
- N-term of the amino function of its last amino acid (for example, N-acetylation for stability issues of the neo-synthesized peptide sequence).
- This type of resins via an Fmoc synthesis strategy (in Proti) makes it possible to use orthogonal acid-labile side protections (PrOt 2 of the Boc, tBu, OtBu, Trt, Mmt, Acm, etc.
- the standard orthogonal side protections (Prot 2 ) used for each amino acid during peptide synthesis are: Arg (N-Pbf), Arg (N-Pmc), Asn (N-Trt), Asp (O-tBu), Cys (S-Acm), Cys (S-Mmt), Cys (S-4MeBn), Cys (S-tBu), Cys (S-Tmob), Cys (S-Trt), Glu (O-tBu), Gln (N-Trt), His (N-Trt), Lys (N-Boc), Ser (O-tBu), Thr (O-tBu), Trp (N-Boc), Tyr (O-tBu) (Applied Biosystems) , 1998, Cleavage, Deprotection, and Isolation of Peptides after Fmoc Synthesis.
- the amino acid couplings are made by activation of the acid function of the amino acid n + 1 using DIEA / HBTU / HOBt or DIPC / HOBt in DMF.
- the deprotection of the Fmoc (Proti) group of a new amino acid thus coupled is carried out using 20% of piperidine in DMF.
- the last amino acid coupled during the peptide sequence will either be protected by a Boc function (in order to release its free terminal amine function at the end of synthesis) or acetylated (in order to stabilize the synthesized neo-peptide at the end of synthesis). risks of side reactions during the coupling of the molecule of therapeutic interest in C-term for example).
- the disulfide bridges are obtained by intramolecular cyclization from 2 thiol functions of 2 suitably protected Cys (mAb, Trt, tBu, etc.), either in solution or on the resin, using reagents typically used by those skilled in the art: I 2 / DMF, I 2 / HFIP / DCM, TFA / DMSO / anisole, I 2 / DCM / MeOH / H 2 O, etc.
- a Cys N-term positon can be advantageously replaced by an Mpa acid for cyclization via a disulfide bridge.
- Lanthionine bridges (by cyclization via dehydroalanine) or dicarba (by cyclization via allylGly) can also be obtained by synthetic routes known to those skilled in the art.
- a lactam bridge can be created between the lateral acid function of a Glu (or Asp) residue and a side amino function on a N-term Lys or amine.
- a cyclization between the amino function N-term and the C-term acid function (head / tail) can be carried out via an amide bond, as can a cyclization between the amine side function of a Lys and the acid function C- term of the peptide.
- the cleavage of the peptides of the Barlos or Sieber resins is carried out by methods conventionally used by those skilled in the art, either with 0.5% of TFA (v / v) in DCM or with AcOH / TFE. / DCM (1/1/3), either with HFIP (30%) in DCM or with TFE (30%) in DCM, etc.
- the deprotections of the side chains, and the cleavage of the peptides of Rink Amide or Wang resins are carried out by methods conventionally used by those skilled in the art: either with a TFA / H 2 O / TIS or TIPS mixture (95 / 2.5 / 2.5), either with TFA / H 2 O / EDT / TIS or TIPS (94 / 2.5 / 2.5 / 1), or with TFA / thioanisole / H 2 O (94/5 / 1), either with TFA / TIS / H 2 O / thioanisole (90/5/3/2), or with
- the peptides are isolated and purified by HPLC on a Beckman System GoId 126 apparatus with a Chromolith C18 column (4.6 ⁇ 50 mm) or Nucleosil C18 (10 ⁇ 250 mm) with, for example, a gradient of 0 to 100% acetonitrile.
- the preparative purifications are performed with a Waters prep LC4000 System with a Guard-PakTM cartridge (stationary phase) containing Delta-PakTM Cl 8 cartridges (25 x 10 mm) with detection by a Waters 2487 Dual 1 Absorbance Detector.
- LC-MS analysis conditions are as follows:
- Affine peptides for hLDLR-GFP, as well as control peptides were synthesized, and coupled / conjugated in C-term to different "tracer” molecules, namely rhodamine, either S-Tag, separated by a spacer arm consisting of 3 GIy residues ( Figure 14).
- S-Tag (15 amino acid peptide derived from the 1-15 sequence of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A) can be recognized by an anti-S-tag antibody for immunocytochemistry or FACS approaches, and on the other hand to reconstitute enzymatic activity by binding to the ribonuclease S-protein (C-term portion, amino acids 21-124) in in vitro activity assays using the FRETWorks S-Tag assay kit (Novagen 70724-3) .
- the ribonuclease thus activated digests an MRA substrate releasing a masked fluorescent agent revealed by FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) and quantified in a 96-well plate in a Beckmann spectrofluorometer.
- the cells are washed twice with 2 ml of PBS and then incubated for 1 h at 37 ° C. with 250 ⁇ l of peptide solution. They are again washed twice with 2 ml of PBS and then twice with 1 ml of PBS, then scraped into 1 ml of PBS and centrifuged for 5 min at 1250 rpm. The supernatant is then aspirated and the cell pellet is lysed in 80 .mu.l of PBS + 0.1% of Triton X100. Twenty ⁇ l of each cell lysate are analyzed by measuring the fluorescence emission after FRET reaction. Incubation experiments of peptides on different cells expressing hLDLR were performed.
- Endocytosis of affinity peptides for hLDLR was quantified.
- peptides SEQ ID NO: 11 / S-Tag and control random peptide
- the cells were washed to remove any trace of unbound peptide.
- the washes were carried out firstly with PBS which makes it possible to quantify by FRET the peptides fixed to the cell membrane and those internalized by endocytosis (FIG. 16-A), on the other hand with an acidic solution (glycine 0.2M 0.15M NaCl, pH3) which makes it possible to dissociate the peptides attached to hLDLR to the cell membrane. Only the peptides endocytosed by the cells are then detected by FRET (FIG. 16-B). Likewise with the peptides SEQ ID NO: 2 / S-Tag on human fibroblasts (FIG. 16-C-D).
- Toxicity, endocytosis and transcytosis of peptides synthesized, affinity for hLDLR, on endothelial cells in a BBB model in vitro The potential toxic effects of peptides on endothelial cells, the binding / accumulation of peptides in these cells, and the transcytosis passage of peptides were evaluated on BBB models in vitro.
- the cells needed to put in place of the model are bovine cells (bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells, BBMEC) distributed by Cellial Technologies (Lens, France).
- This model of in vitro BBB is used to evaluate the passive passage or active transport of many molecules, including pharmacological agents, across the BBB and thus their ability to reach the CNS nervous tissue.
- the model exhibits ultrastructural properties characteristic of the cerebral endothelium, including tight junctions, absence of pores, absence of transendothelial canals, low permeability to hydrophilic molecules and high electrical resistance.
- this model showed a good correlation between the results of the measurements made on different molecules evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their property of passage through the BBB. To date, all the data obtained reveal that this model of BBB closely mimics the in vivo situation by reproducing some of the complexities of the cellular environment that exist in vivo, while retaining the benefits associated with tissue culture experimentation. . Numerous studies have validated this cell co-culture as one of the most reproducible model of BBB in vitro.
- the in vitro BBB model involves a co-culture of BBMECs and astrocytes.
- plate inserts Prior to cell culture, plate inserts (Millicell-PC 3.0 ⁇ M, 30 mm diameter) are treated on the upper side with rat tail collagen to allow optimal adhesion of BBMECs and create the conditions for a basal blade.
- Primary mixed astrocyte cultures are established from neonatal rat cerebral cortex (Dehouck et al., 1990, J. Neurochem., 54, 1798-1801). Briefly, after removing the meninges, the brain tissue was passed through a 82 ⁇ m nylon screen.
- the astrocytes are distributed in the microplate wells at a concentration of 1.2x10 5 cells / ml and 2 ml of optimal culture medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal calf serum by heating. The middle is changed twice a week.
- the BBMECs obtained from Cellial Technologies are cultured in the presence of DMEM medium supplemented with 10% (y IY) of horse serum and 10% of inactivated calf serum by heating, 2 mM of glutamine, 50 ⁇ g / ml of gentamycin, and 1 ng / ml of basic fibroblast growth factor, added every two days.
- the BBMECs are then distributed on the upper side of the filters in 2 ml of the co-culture. This BBMECs medium is changed three times a week. Under these conditions, differentiated BBMECs form a monolayer of confluent cells 7 days later. The experiments reported below are carried out between 5 and 7 days after the confluence has been reached.
- the culture medium of the lower chamber is collected at different times and the fluorescence quantified by fluorimetric analysis.
- the results are expressed as endothelial surface permeability (or Pe) expressed in 10 -3 cm / min.
- Lucifer Yellow (LY) a small fluorescent molecule that spends little of the BBB, is used on the one hand to control the integrity of the BBB in vitro, in all the wells analyzed, but on the other hand, in co-incubation.
- the in vitro barrier is considered “permeable” or “open” if the LY pass value Pe is greater than 1.10 " cm / min.
- TEER Tr ans Endothelial Electrical Resistance
- the binding and / or internalization rate of a control peptide and the peptide SEQ ID NO: 1, both conjugated to rhodamine, was determined on the in vitro BBB model described above. This analysis was performed by lysis of the endothelial cells at different times (2h, 5h, 24h), and by fluorimetric measurement of the amount of fluorescence (rhodamine), associated with the cells (membrane and cytoplasmic compartments). obtained by centrifugation these cells after lysis). The measured values indicate that the peptide SEQ ID NO: 1 conjugated to rhodamine has more affinity for endothelial cells in a BBB model in vitro than the control peptide, at all times analyzed (Figure 19).
- the passage of a control peptide and peptide SEQ ID NO: 1, both conjugated to rhodamine was determined on the model of in vitro BBB described above. This analysis is performed by measuring by fluorimetry the amount of fluorescence accumulated in the recipient well at different times (Ih, 4h, 24h). The integrity of the BBB in the different wells analyzed was evaluated by simultaneously measuring the rate of LY passing from one compartment to another as a function of time. The measured Pe values indicate that at short times (Ih and 4h), peptide levels of SEQ ID NO: 1 that pass through transcytosis can not be distinguished from non-specific or para-cellular passage as measured for the control peptide.
- the rate of passage of peptide SEQ ID NO: 1 conjugated to rhodamine is very significantly greater than that of the control peptide.
- the LY measurements also show that the integrity of the BBB is preserved at 1h, 4h and 24h ( Figure 20).
- Other measurements show that the concentration of peptide SEQ ID NO: 1 conjugated to rhodamine is much higher in the recipient compartment at 24 hours, compared with that of the donor compartment, suggesting active transport of the peptide, certainly via the receptors, without which a balance of concentration would have been reached between the two compartments.
- a solution containing 10 ⁇ M peptide SEQ ID NO: 11 / S-Tag is prepared in HamF12-1% BSA culture medium. To this solution is added 10 ⁇ M peptide derived from the Ala-scan to be evaluated (competition).
- Several control solutions are also prepared: (i) HamF medium 12-1% BSA.
- SEQ ID NO: 48 / S-Tag serves as a reference for the chemical optimization (study of the size of the cycle, introduction of non-natural amino acids) of the peptide vector SEQ ID NO: 48, and measuring the affinity of conjugates on LDLR.
- the conjugates SEQ ID NO: 66 to SEQ ID NO: 72, described in the present application also exhibit in vitro affinity for LDLR.
- a molecule of therapeutic interest or imaging or diagnostic agent or any other molecule such as a molecular probe may be released from the vector after transport and passage through the cell membranes and more particularly the
- BHE for example through a prodrug strategy by hydrolysis or enzymatic cleavage of a chemical bond between the vector and the active substance.
- Covalent coupling between the totally protected peptide vector on its lateral reactive functions (case of couplings in C-term and N-term) or partially protected (case of coupling on a reactive function of a side chain), and the molecule d therapeutic interest, is achieved via 2 general strategies (Figure T): tandem synthesis (ie direct coupling without intermediate between the two entities), synthesis through a linker (Temsamani et al., 2004, Drug Discov. 23, 1012-1019).
- tandem synthesis of the peptide conjugate SEQ ID NO: 66 between an analgesic therapeutic peptide, dalargine, and the vector peptide SEQ ID NO: 48 was carried out as described for the synthesis of peptides in the EXAMPLE VI.
- syntheses via peptide linkers (GGG, GFLG, ALAL, ⁇ -Ala, Ahx, GFAL) of the peptide conjugates SEQ ID NO: 67 to SEQ ID NO: 72 between an analgesic therapeutic peptide, dalargine, and the vector peptide SEQ ID NO: 48 was carried out as described for peptide synthesis in EXAMPLE VI.
- one or the other of the various strategies is applied either on the C-term or on the N-term, or on a reactive function of a side chain.
- the spacer arms selected should allow a good release of the active substance and the improvement of the solubility of the conjugate (Molema et al, 2001, Drug targeting, organ-specific strategies, In Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol 12 ).
- Various labile covalent chemical bonds can thus be generated between the two entities (vector and active substance) through or not a spacer arm: amides, carbamates, esters, thioester, disulfide, etc.
- disulfide bonds relatively stable in plasma, can be cleaved within the intracerebral compartment to restore free thiol function (Saito et al., 2003, Adv Drug Deliv. Rev., 55, 199-215).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the conjugates vectors / active substances or of interest can be used in diagnosis, imaging or therapy of a pathology, a lesion or a disorder of the CNS for the preparation of a drug able to cross the BBB, a cerebral cancer tumor or other type of cancer cells for the preparation of a drug capable of traversing cancerous cell membranes, and / or infectious pathologies for the preparation of a drug capable of crossing cell membranes and targeting infected cells of cerebral or other infectious diseases, of bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal type.
- In situ brain perfusion for vectors and vector / molecule conjugates of therapeutic interest or imaging (or diagnostic) agent or any other molecule such as a molecular probe, and study of their transport kinetics through the BBB, and of their accumulation in the mouse brain.
- the in situ brain perfusion technique (in the OFl male adult mouse) is used here to select the best vectors and to provide proof of their mechanism of action for their passage in the brain through the BBB.
- the peptide vectors are radiolabeled with tritium ( 3 H), which offers the highest sensitivity for the detection of radioactive compounds, especially on tissue sections.
- the preparation of radioactive peptides with a high specific radioactivity (RAS, up to 100 Ci / mmol) is carried out by a strategy of acylation of the N-term amino function by propionic anhydride (or propanoic) tritiated or tritiated propionyl-N-succinimide (NPS).
- This tritiation method can be applied to all peptides, provided that the modification of the N-term does not affect the affinity of the peptides for the targeted receptor (ie LDLR) or their biological activity in the case of therapeutic peptides.
- the tritiation reaction of the peptide vectors SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 48 in N-term by propionylation is carried out in DMF (1 mg of peptide in 100 to 450 ⁇ l according to solubility) by addition of 0.1 equivalent of NPS. tritiated for 5 minutes at room temperature, then 0.9 equivalents of cold (non tritiated) NPS for Ih, then a new equivalent of cold NPS for 5 hours. The reaction medium is then left at 4 ° C. overnight and purified the next day by HPLC.
- the SAR for each tritiated peptide is between 5 and 10 Ci / mmol (theoretically of the order of 7.7 Ci / mmol).
- the total amount of radioactivity prepared by synthesis is between 600 and 950 ⁇ Ci.
- Another strategy consists of the synthesis of a conjugate between a therapeutic peptide and a peptide vector via a linker (which may be of peptide or organic nature) or not, as in the case of the conjugates SEQ ID NO: 66 to SEQ ID NO: 72 described in this application.
- a linker which may be of peptide or organic nature
- bicarbonate buffer plasma or blood
- Oxygenated Krebs bicarbonate buffer is used first to evaluate the brain passage abilities of vectors and conjugates. After catheterization of the carotid artery, the endogenous blood flow is stopped by cutting the ventricles of the heart to avoid mixing of the buffer with blood and elevation of blood pressure. The duration of the fixed rate infusion is controlled. Buffer infusion can be extended for up to 20 min or up to 1 h in the presence of oxygen transporters (washed erythrocytes) for Receptor-Mediated Transport (RMT) studies.
- RTT Receptor-Mediated Transport
- the study of the vector peptide SEQ ID NO: 11 made it possible to determine its cerebral transport or transfer coefficient (Kin).
- the cerebral perfusion time for these experiments is 5 min with a perfusate flow rate of 2 ml / min.
- Kin volume of distribution on the cerebral perfusion time of the vector peptide SEQ ID NO: 11 gives a value of 3.5 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ 10 -4 ml / s / g.
- transferrin (Tf) has a Kin of 3.0 x 10 -4 ml / s / g (Demeule et al., 2008, J. Neurochem., 106 (4), 1534-1544).
- RAP protein is 1.0 x 10 "5 ml / s / g ⁇ Pan et al, 2004, J. Ceil Sci 117, 5071-5078).
- this type of in situ brain perfusion experiment also makes it possible to distinguish between compounds that remain in the vascular compartment of those who have passed the abluminal endothelial membrane to enter the cerebral parenchyma.
- the technique of post-perfusion capillary depletion makes it possible to measure if the molecule actually crosses the endothelium in order to enter the cerebral parenchyma.
- the use of this technique makes it possible to demonstrate that specific peptide vectors (or conjugates) tend to accumulate in the cerebral parenchyma.
- This technique (Triguero et al., 1990, J. Neurochem., 54 (6), 1882-8) is used to distinguish between the fraction of vectors (or conjugates), which has passed through the endothelium and entered in the brain by extracellular space or brain cells, and the remaining fraction associated with endothelial cells.
- LDLR LDLR.
- iii Study of the rate of cerebral uptake as a function of the concentration of vectors or conjugates (Tmax, Km).
- iv Study of transport mechanisms using inhibitor or modulator substrates of LDLR.
- v Distribution in the Brain Compartments: Capillary Depletion (Triguero et al., 1990, J. Neurochem., 54 (6), 1882-8).
Abstract
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EA201170587A EA022976B1 (ru) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Пептидные производные и их применение в качестве векторов молекул в форме конъюгатов |
BRPI0919777-0A BRPI0919777B1 (pt) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Derivados de peptídeo e uso dos mesmos como vetores para moléculas na forma de conjugados |
ES09760175.1T ES2525649T3 (es) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Derivados peptídicos y su uso como vectores de moléculas en forma de conjugados |
SI200931072T SI2350117T1 (sl) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Derivati peptidov in njihova uporaba kot nosilcev za molekule v obliki konjugatov |
CN200980150257.2A CN102282159B (zh) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | 肽衍生物及其以结合物形式作为分子载体的应用 |
CA2741098A CA2741098C (fr) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Derives peptidiques et leur utilisation comme vecteurs de molecules sous forme de conjugues |
DK09760175.1T DK2350117T3 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES AND USE THEREOF AS CARRIERS FOR MOLECULES IN THE FORM OF CONJUGATE |
US13/125,634 US8729029B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Peptide derivatives and use thereof as carriers for molecules in the form of conjugates |
EP09760175.1A EP2350117B1 (fr) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Derives peptidiques et leur utilisation comme vecteurs de molecules sous forme de conjugues |
PL09760175T PL2350117T3 (pl) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Pochodne peptydów i ich zastosowanie jako wektorów cząsteczek w postaci koniugatów |
JP2011532687A JP5808250B2 (ja) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | ペプチド誘導体、およびコンジュゲートの形態での分子用ベクターとしてのそれらの使用 |
AU2009306237A AU2009306237B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2009-10-20 | Peptide derivatives and use thereof as carriers for molecules in the form of conjugates |
ZA2011/03669A ZA201103669B (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2011-05-19 | Peptide derivatives and use thereof as carriers for molecules in the form of conjugates |
US14/277,339 US9328143B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2014-05-14 | Peptide derivatives and use thereof as carriers for molecules in the form of conjugates |
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WO2021116079A1 (fr) | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | Université de Mons | Peptides se liant au récepteur des ldl en tant que véhicules pour traverser la barrière hémato-encéphalique |
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WO2024026468A2 (fr) * | 2022-07-28 | 2024-02-01 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Méthodes et compositions concernant des peptides cycliques destinés à être utilisés avec des anticorps et des fragments d'anticorps |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9328143B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2016-05-03 | Vect-Horus | Peptide derivatives and use thereof as carriers for molecules in the form of conjugates |
WO2011131896A2 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | Vect-Horus | Derives peptidiques, leur preparation et leurs utilisations comme vecteurs |
FR2959229A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-28 | Vect Horus | Derives peptidiques, leur preparation et leurs utilisations |
WO2011131896A3 (fr) * | 2010-04-21 | 2012-01-19 | Vect-Horus | Derives peptidiques, leur preparation et leurs utilisations comme vecteurs |
EA022422B1 (ru) * | 2010-04-21 | 2015-12-30 | Вект-Орус | Пептидные производные, их получение и применение |
WO2014060601A1 (fr) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Vect-Horus | Compositions et procédés d'administration de médicament |
EP2896402A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-22 | Vect-Horus | Molécules de neurotensine activés et leurs utilisations |
WO2015107182A1 (fr) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-23 | Vect-Horus | Molécules de neurotensine activée et utilisations |
US9821072B2 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2017-11-21 | Vect-Horus | Activated neurotensin molecules and the uses thereof |
WO2020144233A1 (fr) | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-16 | Vect-Horus | Molécules de liaison au récepteur de transferrine, leurs conjugués et leurs utilisations |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6232396B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
CA2741098C (fr) | 2017-03-28 |
US9328143B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
PL2350117T3 (pl) | 2015-04-30 |
BRPI0919777B1 (pt) | 2021-09-14 |
CN102282159A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
BRPI0919777A2 (pt) | 2016-09-20 |
EA201170587A1 (ru) | 2012-05-30 |
ZA201103669B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
WO2010046588A9 (fr) | 2010-06-24 |
CA2741098A1 (fr) | 2010-04-29 |
HRP20141139T1 (en) | 2015-03-13 |
JP2015212264A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
US20140243499A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
EP2350117A1 (fr) | 2011-08-03 |
SI2350117T1 (sl) | 2015-03-31 |
US20110230416A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
CN102282159B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
US8729029B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
FR2937322A1 (fr) | 2010-04-23 |
EP2350117B1 (fr) | 2014-09-10 |
AU2009306237A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
FR2937322B1 (fr) | 2013-02-22 |
JP2012506407A (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
EA022976B1 (ru) | 2016-04-29 |
DK2350117T3 (en) | 2014-12-08 |
ES2525649T3 (es) | 2014-12-26 |
AU2009306237B2 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
JP5808250B2 (ja) | 2015-11-10 |
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