WO2010043824A1 - Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide - Google Patents
Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010043824A1 WO2010043824A1 PCT/FR2009/051976 FR2009051976W WO2010043824A1 WO 2010043824 A1 WO2010043824 A1 WO 2010043824A1 FR 2009051976 W FR2009051976 W FR 2009051976W WO 2010043824 A1 WO2010043824 A1 WO 2010043824A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- curve
- wave numbers
- aqueous solution
- range
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013611 frozen food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1873—Ice or snow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1761—A physical transformation being implied in the method, e.g. a phase change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the solid or liquid phase of an aqueous solution. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for determining the liquid or solid state of a product comprising at least a possibly small amount of water.
- a first object of the invention is to provide a method for determining the solid or liquid phase of an aqueous solution or more generally of a product containing water which satisfies the conditions set out above.
- the method for determining the solid / liquid phase of an aqueous solution comprises the following steps: a) subjecting said aqueous solution to a photon beam; b) recording the Raman spectrum of the photons scattered by said solution in the range of wave numbers between 2500 and 4000 cm- 1 ; c) processing said recording to deduce the solid / liquid phase of said aqueous solution.
- the means for implementing the method comprise only a photon source, a Raman spectrometer and information processing means.
- the Raman intensity curve is defined as a function of the wave numbers in said range
- the solid / liquid phase is deduced from said aqueous solution on the basis of at least one difference between the Raman intensities in the sub-range of wave numbers corresponding to a symmetrical stretching of the OH bonds of the aqueous solution, and the wave number sub-range corresponding to asymmetric stretching of the OH bonds of the aqueous solution.
- the Raman intensity curve is defined as a function of the wave numbers in said range
- the method for determining the phase is characterized in that, to determine the reference curve of said phase ratio;
- the Raman intensities corresponding to the two specific wave numbers are determined, and the ratio is calculated by which a reference phase ratio is obtained for each temperature; and the curve of said reference phase ratios is defined as a function of the temperature.
- the method for determining the phase is characterized in that, to determine the reference curve of said phase ratio:
- the curve of said reference phase ratios is defined as a function of the temperature.
- the method of determining the phase is characterized in that said two specific wave numbers are chosen such that one of said wave numbers is selected in the corresponding wave number sub-range. at a symmetric stretching of the OH bonds and the other is in the sub-range of wave numbers corresponding to asymmetric stretching of the OH bonds.
- the process can be applied to a large number of aqueous solutions including a chloride, an acetate, a formate, urea or a mixture of all or part of these salts. More generally, the invention applies to any product producing an anion during its dissolution in water.
- a second object of the invention is the application or use of the method defined above in its various variants for determining the state of a roadway. The interest of the process for such a control has already been explained.
- a third object of the invention is the application or use of the method defined above to the control of the state of freezing of food products, in particular but not exclusively products generating brines.
- a fourth object of the invention is the application or the use of the method for detection. the appearance or the presence of gel in a pipe carrying a product containing at least a fraction of water.
- FIG. 1 is a curve showing an example of Raman spectrum for an aqueous solution
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a reference curve used for the implementation of the method which is the subject of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a reference curve for a NaCl solution at 60 g / l
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of equipment for implementing the method according to the invention
- FIG. 5A shows the processing circuits used in said equipment; and Figure 6 shows Raman spectra for aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, potassium acetate and urea in liquid and solid phases.
- the method according to the invention uses Raman spectrometry. This technique is well known in itself and therefore does not need to be described in detail.
- the frequency analysis of the scattered light shows a component of the same wavelength as the incident beam (elastic scattering) and a component of comprising different wavelengths of the incident beam (inelastic scattering).
- the Raman spectrum of the scattered beam is characteristic of the medium to which the electromagnetic beam has been applied.
- the method for determining the solid or liquid phase of a perfectly identified aqueous solution comprises a preliminary step of forming a reference curve and then a step of effectively determining the liquid phase to the solid of the product to be tested.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a Raman spectrum for the solution whose phase is to be determined at a given temperature; the abscissas represent the wave numbers and the ordinates the Raman intensities.
- the total range of PL wave numbers that goes from 2500 to 4000 cm -1 can be divided into two sub-ranges PL 1 and PL 2 respectively corresponding to a symmetrical stretching of the OH bonds of the water, which is representative of the solid state, and asymmetric stretching of OH bonds of water which corresponds to the liquid state.
- Each point Pi and P 2 is associated with a magnitude representative of its Raman intensity. It can be the intensities themselves Ii and I 2 or areas Ai and A 2 between the curve S and the abscissa for portions of curves limited around the points Pi and P 2 . Then the phase ratio Rp is calculated between these representative quantities.
- a reference curve CR (T) can be drawn by plotting the temperatures T on the abscissa and the phase ratios Rp on the ordinate.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a reference curve CR for an aqueous solution whose phase is to be determined.
- the CR curve comprises a first portion Zi corresponding to the solid state, a second portion Z 2 corresponding to the liquid state and an intermediate portion Z 3 corresponding to the solid / liquid transition.
- FIG. 3 shows reference curves CRI, CR2, CR3 corresponding to the same aqueous solution, in the particular case of water alone.
- Rp was determined by ratio of A 1 (3080 to 3200 cm -1 ) and A 2 (3300-320 cm -1 ).
- Rp is calculated from areas Ai (3080 - 3200 cm -1 ) and A 2 (3350 - 3500 cm -1 ).
- the liquid or solid phase of the aqueous solution is determined in situ by raising the Raman spectrum for this solution. From the recording of this spectrum, the solution-specific phase ratio Rp is calculated using the same parameters as for the establishment of the reference curve CR (same values of Si and
- the method comprises a preliminary step which consists in developing the reference curve CR and an effective measurement step linked to the example of the aqueous solution whose phase is to be determined.
- the preliminary step does not require access to the test copy. It suffices to have a sample of aqueous solution identical to that which one wants to test.
- the actual determination step it only requires a Raman spectrum of the test specimen to be taken and then a mathematical and logical treatment of the collected spectrum. It therefore does not require any contact with the exemplary aqueous solution to be tested or any particular packaging of the solution.
- the method which is the subject of the invention is therefore of a very flexible use.
- the equipment comprises a vehicle 10 outside of which a Raman probe 12 is mounted directed towards the roadway 14 on which the aqueous solution to be tested has been spread.
- the probe 12 is connected by optical fibers 16 to an instrumentation 18.
- the instrumentation may comprise a laser source 20 and a Raman spectrometer 22 in relation to the optical fibers 18.
- the spectrometer 22 transmits to a processing unit 24 the information corresponding to the Raman spectra established successively.
- the information-taking instants can be generated automatically by the processing unit 24.
- the processing unit 24 is associated with a memory 26 able to store the data relating to the reference curve CR, the wave numbers Si and S 2 as well as software for processing the received Raman spectra.
- phase ratio R P is calculated and the comparison is made between the reference curve and the calculated phase ratio Rp to deduce the phase of the aqueous solution.
- a display screen 28 allows the operator to see the results. These results can also constitute control data of another device or process, and thus enter the control loop of these devices or processes. Of course, other uses of the process can be envisaged besides those already mentioned. It suffices that they make use of the determination of the solid or liquid phase of a product, in particular an aqueous solution, since it contains a sufficient quantity of water.
- the process can be applied to a large number of salts in aqueous solution in the sense defined above.
- Figure 6 shows three Raman spectra SA, SB and SC respectively corresponding to sodium chloride, potassium acetate and urea.
- SA sodium chloride
- SB potassium acetate
- urea urea
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/124,006 US20110228265A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Process for the determination of the solid/liquid phase |
CN2009801414711A CN102187204A (zh) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | 确定固/液相的方法 |
JP2011531543A JP2012505983A (ja) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | 液相/固相の判定の方法 |
CA2740519A CA2740519A1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide |
EP09760161A EP2342550A1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide |
RU2011119617/28A RU2011119617A (ru) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Способ определения твердой/жидкой фазы |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0857090A FR2937418B1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 | 2008-10-17 | Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide. |
FR0857090 | 2008-10-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010043824A1 true WO2010043824A1 (fr) | 2010-04-22 |
Family
ID=40602761
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2009/051976 WO2010043824A1 (fr) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Procede de determination de la phase solide/liquide |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110228265A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2342550A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2012505983A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20110086703A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102187204A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2740519A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2937418B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2011119617A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010043824A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3060750A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Methode optimisee de detection de la formation d'hydrates de gaz |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013206915A1 (de) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Vorrichtung, System und Verfahren zur Identifizierung belebter Verkehrsobjekte sowie Verwendung des Systems |
DE102013212701B4 (de) * | 2013-06-28 | 2021-06-02 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Zustands einer Fahrbahnoberfläche |
EP3629226B1 (fr) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-11-25 | Axis AB | Procédé pour convertir des alertes |
EP4022283A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-28 | 2022-07-06 | FOSS Analytical A/S | Procédé de correction de variation d'amplitude dans un spectromètre |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10314424A1 (de) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-07 | Cammann, Karl, Prof. Dr. | Warnsystem zum Zwecke einer ortsaufgelösten Feststellung von vereisten Oberflächenstellen |
US20080165354A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-07-10 | Helsingin Yliopisto | Method and Apparatus For Dissolving Solid Matter in Liquid |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6015015B2 (ja) * | 1979-06-29 | 1985-04-17 | 株式会社 レオ技研 | 路面水分検知装置 |
US4620284A (en) * | 1983-12-29 | 1986-10-28 | Uop Inc. | Qualitative and quantitative analysis using Raman scattering |
US5121443A (en) * | 1989-04-25 | 1992-06-09 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Neural net system for analyzing chromatographic peaks |
US5090806A (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1992-02-25 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and apparatus for measuring the composition of a zinc phosphate compound |
US5262644A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1993-11-16 | Southwest Research Institute | Remote spectroscopy for raman and brillouin scattering |
US5139334A (en) * | 1990-09-17 | 1992-08-18 | Boston Advanced Technologies, Inc. | Hydrocarbon analysis based on low resolution raman spectral analysis |
JPH06241761A (ja) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-09-02 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 路面状態検知装置 |
JPH0915156A (ja) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-01-17 | Kdk Corp | 分光測定方法及び測定装置 |
US6023065A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2000-02-08 | Alberta Research Council | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling characteristics of process effluents |
US5999255A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 1999-12-07 | Solutia Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring Raman spectra and physical properties in-situ |
DE69800414T2 (de) * | 1998-04-21 | 2001-04-12 | Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto | Nachweis und Bestimmung von Edelgasen |
JP3651755B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-05 | 2005-05-25 | 株式会社東芝 | ガス成分濃度計測装置およびガス成分濃度計測方法 |
MXPA02002068A (es) * | 1999-08-26 | 2003-08-20 | Aaipharma Inc | Medicion espectroscopica de raman-transformacion de fourier de relacion de isomero de omeprazol en una composicion. |
US7108970B2 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2006-09-19 | Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Rapid identification of conditions, compounds, or compositions that inhibit, prevent, induce, modify, or reverse transitions of physical state |
US20040046121A1 (en) * | 2001-07-15 | 2004-03-11 | Golden Josh H. | Method and system for analyte determination in metal plating baths |
US20030030800A1 (en) * | 2001-07-15 | 2003-02-13 | Golden Josh H. | Method and system for the determination of arsenic in aqueous media |
US8094311B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2012-01-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Spectroscopic method of determining the amount of an analyte in a mixture of analytes |
US9103793B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2015-08-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Intrinsic Raman spectroscopy |
-
2008
- 2008-10-17 FR FR0857090A patent/FR2937418B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-10-16 EP EP09760161A patent/EP2342550A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-16 WO PCT/FR2009/051976 patent/WO2010043824A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-10-16 CA CA2740519A patent/CA2740519A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-16 US US13/124,006 patent/US20110228265A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-16 RU RU2011119617/28A patent/RU2011119617A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-16 KR KR1020117011103A patent/KR20110086703A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-16 JP JP2011531543A patent/JP2012505983A/ja active Pending
- 2009-10-16 CN CN2009801414711A patent/CN102187204A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10314424A1 (de) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-07 | Cammann, Karl, Prof. Dr. | Warnsystem zum Zwecke einer ortsaufgelösten Feststellung von vereisten Oberflächenstellen |
US20080165354A1 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-07-10 | Helsingin Yliopisto | Method and Apparatus For Dissolving Solid Matter in Liquid |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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GEORGIEV M D ET AL: "Raman spectroscopy of aqueous salt solutions", PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPIE - THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING SPIE-INT. SOC. OPT. ENG USA, vol. 4397, 2001, pages 241 - 245, XP002527847, ISSN: 0277-786X * |
KAHAN T F ET AL: "Spectroscopic probes of the quasi-liquid layer on ice", JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY USA, vol. 111, no. 43, 1 November 2007 (2007-11-01), pages 11006 - 11012, XP002527846, ISSN: 1089-5639 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3060750A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-22 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Methode optimisee de detection de la formation d'hydrates de gaz |
WO2018114267A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Methode optimisee de detection de la formation d'hydrates de gaz |
US10935493B2 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2021-03-02 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Optimised method for detecting the formation gas hydrates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2342550A1 (fr) | 2011-07-13 |
RU2011119617A (ru) | 2012-11-27 |
CA2740519A1 (fr) | 2010-04-22 |
FR2937418B1 (fr) | 2010-12-31 |
US20110228265A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
CN102187204A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
KR20110086703A (ko) | 2011-07-29 |
FR2937418A1 (fr) | 2010-04-23 |
JP2012505983A (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
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