WO2010039964A1 - Unité de climatisation avec ensemble d'économiseur et de filtre - Google Patents

Unité de climatisation avec ensemble d'économiseur et de filtre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010039964A1
WO2010039964A1 PCT/US2009/059238 US2009059238W WO2010039964A1 WO 2010039964 A1 WO2010039964 A1 WO 2010039964A1 US 2009059238 W US2009059238 W US 2009059238W WO 2010039964 A1 WO2010039964 A1 WO 2010039964A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air conditioning
conditioning unit
outside
air
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/059238
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael J. Koehler
Randal A. Schroeder
Original Assignee
Mclean Midwest Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mclean Midwest Corporation filed Critical Mclean Midwest Corporation
Priority to CN2009801480747A priority Critical patent/CN102232169A/zh
Priority to EP09818509A priority patent/EP2342513A1/fr
Publication of WO2010039964A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010039964A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/202—Air circulating in closed loop within enclosure wherein heat is removed through heat-exchangers

Definitions

  • Air conditioning (AC) systems for electrical enclosures can include an economizer assembly to allow circulation of fresh, outdoor air into the enclosures. This can maintain the quality of the indoor air as well as save energy by reducing the work done by a mechanical cooling system.
  • conditioned air circulated throughout electrical enclosures not only needs to be cool, but also clean and dry to provide a sufficient operating environment for electronics. Incorporating an economizer assembly to bring in outdoor air requires an opening between the outdoor environment and the inside of the enclosure. Therefore, this poses a risk for moisture and impurities from the outdoor air to enter the enclosure.
  • Some embodiments of the invention provide an air conditioning unit for circulating outdoor air into an enclosure.
  • the air conditioning unit includes an economizer assembly, an intake vent allowing outdoor air into the air conditioning unit, and a pre-filter positioned near the intake vent preventing dust and small particles in the outdoor air from entering the air conditioning unit.
  • the air conditioning unit also includes a water-repellent filter positioned downstream from the pre-filter. The water-repellent filter prevents moisture and dirt in the outdoor air from entering the air conditioning unit through depth filtration.
  • Some embodiments of the invention provide an air conditioning unit including an outside section in communication with the outdoor environment, an inside section in communication with the enclosure, and a vertical partition separating the outside section from the inside section.
  • the vertical partition includes at least one vent allowing air flow between the outside section and the inside section.
  • the air conditioning unit also includes an economizer assembly with a damper coupled to the vertical partition. The damper is capable of substantially covering the at least one vent and temporarily separating the outside section from the inside section.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an AC unit according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 2A-2E are top, front, bottom, side, and back views of the AC unit of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the AC unit of FIG. 1 while in a mechanical cooling mode.
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of the AC unit of FIG. 1 while in an economizer cooling mode.
  • FIG. 5 A is a perspective view of an outside section of the AC unit of FIG. 1 while in the mechanical cooling mode.
  • FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the outside section of the AC unit of FIG. 1 while in the economizer cooling mode.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of a control system of the AC unit of FIGS. 1-5B.
  • FIG. 7 is side cross-sectional view of an AC unit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an outside section of the AC unit of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a front view of the outside section of the AC unit of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of an AC unit according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an AC unit 10 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the AC unit 10 can be a side-mounted unit used to cool a small building or enclosure that holds electronics for cellular phone towers or similar applications.
  • the AC unit 10 can be operated using an input voltage of about 115 volts at a frequency between about 50 Hertz and 60 Hertz and a current between about 16.1 amperes and 21.0 amperes.
  • the AC unit 10 can have a cooling capacity between about 12,000 and 12,500 BTU per hour up to a maximum enclosure temperature of about 131 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • Ambient (outside) operating temperatures for the AC unit 10 can range from about negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit to about 131 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the AC unit 10 can be different sizes and include different operating specifications for conditioning air in other spaces, buildings, houses, or enclosures.
  • FIGS. 1-2E illustrate the exterior of the AC unit 10.
  • the AC unit 10 can be about 53 inches high, about 15 inches wide, about 12 inches deep, and can weigh about 131 pounds.
  • the AC unit 10 can include an outer housing 12 with an exhaust vent 14, an intake vent 16, a return vent 18, and a supply vent 20 (as shown in FIG. 2E).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the AC unit 10 in a mechanical cooling mode.
  • the AC unit 10 can include an outside section (wet side) 22 and an inside section (dry side) 24.
  • the inside section 24 can be adjacent to or in contact with the enclosure, while the outside section 22 can be in contact with the outside (ambient) environment.
  • a back panel 26 of the housing 12 can separate the inside section 24 from the enclosure and a front panel 28 of the housing 12 can separate the outside section 22 from the outside environment.
  • the inside section 24 and the outside section 22 can be separated within the housing 12 by a partition 30.
  • the outside section 22 can house the exhaust vent 14, the intake vent 16, a compressor 32, a condenser 34, one or more impeller fans 36, a filter 38, and other related components.
  • the other related components can include piping containing refrigerant to be run through the refrigeration cycle.
  • the filter 38 can be a common throwaway fiberglass filter, a washable mesh filter, an electrostatic filter, or another suitable filter.
  • the impeller fans 36 can pull in outdoor air through the intake vent 16, across the filter 38, and release it radially throughout the outside section 22.
  • the air in the outside section 22 can then travel across coils of the condenser 34 and exit the outside section 22 through the exhaust vent 14. As a result, the air passing through the outside section 22 can cool the refrigerant within the condenser coils.
  • the inside section 24 can house the return vent 18, the supply vent 20, a return fan 40, and an evaporator 42.
  • the return fan 40 e.g., an impeller fan
  • the air within the inside section 24 can travel across the evaporator coils and exit the inside section 24 through the supply vent 20.
  • the air passing across the evaporator coils can be cooled as the refrigerant within the coils is heated, thus supplying cool air to the enclosure.
  • the only components that transfer between the outside section 22 and the inside section 24 can be piping containing refrigerant that circulates through the refrigeration cycle.
  • the mechanical cooling system can include the elements necessary for a refrigeration cycle, including, but not limited to, the condenser 34, the compressor 32, the evaporator 42, an expansion device (not shown), connective piping, and a liquid to be cycled through the system (e.g., a refrigerant).
  • the refrigerant at low pressure and in liquid form, cycles through the evaporator coils 42 absorbing heat from passing return air, resulting in the warm return air being cooled and the refrigerant being heated to a vapor at low pressure.
  • the low-pressure, vapor refrigerant reaches the compressor 32, which increases the pressure of the vapor.
  • the high- pressure, high-temperature vapor travels through the condenser coils 34 and is cooled by outside air flowing across the coils, causing the vapor to condense.
  • the cooled, high-pressure liquid reaches the expansion device, which reduces the pressure, continuing to cool the liquid.
  • the cool, low-pressure liquid again reaches the evaporator coils 42 to complete the cycle and cool the return air. Modifications and alterations of the refrigeration cycle can be made in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the AC unit 10 in an economizer cooling mode.
  • air can pass between the outside section 22 and inside section 24 via an inside-to-outside (IO) vent 44 and an outside-to-inside (OI) vent 46 in the partition 30.
  • a damper 48 can be positioned to allow up to 100% return air to be released from the inside section 24, through the IO vent 44, to the outside section 22, and through the exhaust vent 14 to the outside environment.
  • Outside air from the intake vent 16 can flow through the OI vent 46, into the inside section 24, and through the supply vent 20 into the enclosure.
  • the direction of air flow is indicated by arrows in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the IO vent 44, the OI vent 46, and the damper 48 can create an economizer assembly of the AC unit 10.
  • other components capable of allowing outside air to be supplied into the enclosure can be included as an economizer assembly in the AC unit 10.
  • economizer cooling can either be 100% on, or 100% off, meaning only economizer cooling or only mechanical cooling can be operating at one time.
  • the damper 48 can control the IO vent 44 between return air and exhausted air, as well as the OI vent 46 between outdoor air and supply air. Rather than the multiple dampers used in conventional economizer assemblies, the single damper 48 of the AC unit 10 can control return air, outdoor air, exhaust air, and supply air. Further, the single damper 48 can be incorporated into the AC unit 10 without requiring a custom assembly or adding to the overall height and footprint of a standard unit.
  • the AC unit 10 can be a standard-sized air conditioning unit with energy-conserving economizer functionality.
  • the damper 48 can be controlled by a crank arm actuator assembly 50.
  • a damper motor (not shown) can rotate the crank arm, which can rotate the damper 48 to the position shown in FIG. 4 to allow air to pass through the IO vent 44 and OI vent 46.
  • the damper motor can be controlled by a control system 52, as also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate the AC unit 10 with the front panel 28 removed in mechanical cooling mode and economizer cooling mode, respectively.
  • the impeller fans 36 can be positioned vertically above one another.
  • One of the impeller fans 36 e.g., the top impeller fan 36
  • the mounting bracket 54 of the upper impeller fan 36 can provide a duct 56 for the lower impeller fan 36. This vertical and horizontal staggered positioning can allow the impeller fans 36 to operate near each other and minimize any negative performance effects of having two impeller 36 fans located in the same air space.
  • the impeller fan 36 positioning can also increase the overall performance of each impeller fan 36.
  • this multiple-fan configuration can offer improved failsafe operation over single-fan assemblies. For example, if one impeller fan 36 fails, the AC unit 10 can remain in operation using the other impeller fan 36. In the event that the upper impeller fan 36 fails, the duct 56 can help minimize recirculation of the outside air.
  • the AC unit can include a dry bulb economizer assembly, in which the control system 52 controls the economizer assembly based on sensed temperatures.
  • the AC unit 10 can include an enthalpy economizer assembly, in which the economizer cooling mode is controlled based on air enthalpy in addition to temperature. For example, outside air enthalpy can be measured to determine if the economizer cooling mode is sufficient for ventilating the enclosure. This can be accomplished using an outside air enthalpy sensor and/or an inside air enthalpy sensor, as well as outside air and inside air temperature sensors.
  • the outside air enthalpy and temperature sensors can be placed along the outer housing 12 in order to retrieve an accurate representation of the outside air enthalpy and temperature.
  • the outside sensors can be placed a substantial distance from the exhaust vent 14, because sensing the enthalpy of air from the exhaust vent would not give an accurate representation of the outside air.
  • Inside air enthalpy and temperature sensors can be placed either inside the enclosure near the return vent 18 or within the AC unit 10 directly in line with return air in order to retrieve an accurate representation of inside air enthalpy and temperature.
  • the control system 52 can determine the outside and/or inside air enthalpies, as well as compare the outside and inside air temperatures to determine whether outdoor air can be used to cool the enclosure in place of mechanical cooling. The control system 52 can then control the damper motor accordingly to adjust the position of the damper 48.
  • inputs to the control system 52 can include inside air temperature, outside air temperature, and outside humidity, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 6.
  • the control system 52 can first determine (at step 58) outside and inside temperatures (e.g., from temperature sensors). The control system 52 can then compare (at step 60) the inside and outside temperatures. If the inside temperature is about 15 degrees Fahrenheit less than the outside temperature, the control system 52 can proceed to step 62 and enter or continue in the mechanical cooling mode. If not, the control system 52 can proceed to step 64.
  • the control system 52 can determine (at step 64) outside humidity (e.g., from a humidity sensor). If the outside humidity is greater than 60%, as determined at step 66, the control system 52 can proceed to step 68 and enter or continue in the mechanical cooling mode. If not, the control system 52 can proceed to step 70 and enter the economizer cooling mode.
  • the control system 52 can again determine (at step 72) outside and inside temperatures.
  • the control system 52 can again compare (at step 74) the inside and outside temperatures. If the inside temperature is about 10 degrees Fahrenheit less than the outside temperature, the control system 52 can proceed to step 76 and enter the mechanical cooling mode. If not, the control system 52 can proceed to step 78.
  • the control system 52 can again determine outside humidity. If the outside humidity is greater than 60%, as determined at step 80, the control system 52 can proceed to step 82 and enter the mechanical cooling mode. If not, the control system 52 can continue in the economizer cooling mode and return to step 72.
  • the control system 52 can operate the AC unit 10 in the mechanical cooling mode regardless of the measured temperature differences. Also, other temperature and humidity limits can be used in some embodiments. Outputs from the control system 52 can include signals to control the damper motor (to change between the mechanical cooling mode and the economizer cooling mode, or vice versa) and signals to control fan motors (while in the mechanical cooling mode, as described below). In some embodiments, the control system 52 can monitor the recovery rate of the inside temperature in the enclosure. If the AC unit 10 in the economizer cooling mode has not sufficiently cooled the enclosure at a desired rate, the control system 52 can switch to the mechanical cooling mode.
  • the control system 52 can also control fan motors for the impeller fans 36, 40.
  • the AC unit 10 can be used to cool electrical enclosures (where the inside of the enclosure is a dry, clean environment). Positioning the control system 52, fan motors, and damper motor in the inside section 24 where they are not in contact with humid, ambient air can reduce the cost and/or increase the life of the motors. In addition, if the enclosure is sufficiently cool, mechanical cooling can be slowed as less refrigerant needs to be circulated through the refrigeration cycle
  • the control system 52 can vary the speed of the fan motors controlling the fans 36, 40. This can also reduce noise emitted by the fans 36, 40.
  • the control system 52 can include a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to control the fan motors and the damper motor based on temperatures and/or enthalpies.
  • PID proportional-integral-derivative
  • the AC unit 10 can be compact while still utilizing energy- conserving economizer functionality. Unlike conventional AC units with economizers, the economizer assembly can fit into a standard AC unit mounting foot print. The single inside/outside compartment separated by the partition 30, as shown in FIGS. 1-5B (rather than distinctly separate compartments in conventional AC units), can greatly reduce the foot print of the AC unit 10. This can allow AC units 10 for smaller enclosures to include economizer assemblies without a large or complex custom assembly. In addition, smaller AC units 10 can include only one impeller fan 30 to potentially further reduce the footprint.
  • FIGS. 7-9 illustrate the AC unit 10 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the AC unit 10 of FIGS. 7-9 can include the staggered impeller fans 36 and the control system 52 to vary fan speed as described above.
  • the AC unit 10 of FIGS. 7-9 only includes a mechanical cooling option.
  • the AC unit 10 of FIGS. 7-9 can have a similar footprint to the AC unit 10 of FIGS. 1-5B, but the partition 30 of the AC unit 10 in FIGS. 7-9 can completely separate the outside section 22 from the inside section 24.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the AC unit 10 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the AC unit 10 can include an additional shroud 84 on the front panel 28, and a first air filter (pre-filter) 86 followed by a water-repellant filter 88 at the intake vent 16.
  • the additional shroud 84 can be an add-on to existing AC units.
  • the positioning of the shroud 84 can allow for convenient installation, removal, and maintenance of the filters 86, 88.
  • the pre- filter 86 can be positioned in front of the water-repellant filter 88 to prevent dust particles or debris from entering the AC unit 10.
  • the pre-filter 86 can be a throwaway fiberglass filter, a washable mesh filter, an electrostatic filter, etc.
  • the pre-filter 86 can substantially prevent debris from contacting the water-repellant filter 88.
  • the water-repellant filter 88 can be directly downstream from the pre-filter 86 and can be a mechanical filter that includes a hydrophobic media throughout the depth of the filter 88. As opposed to surface filtration, moisture can be continuously removed as air passes throughout the depth of the filter 88.
  • This two-filter assembly can substantially prevent dust and other contaminants from entering the clean environment within the enclosure, as well as substantially prevent moisture within the ambient air from entering the enclosure.
  • FIG. 10 also illustrates louvers 90 on the sides and front of the shroud 84, as an extension of the exhaust vent 14, causing air to exit out the sides of the AC unit 10. This altered direction of air flow can help ensure that the intake vent 16 is taking in fresh, cool air from the outdoor environment rather than warm, exhausted air from the enclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention, selon des modes de réalisation, porte sur une unité de climatisation (AC) comprenant un préfiltre et un filtre hydrofuge. Le filtre hydrofuge empêche l'humidité et la saleté de l'air extérieur d'entrer dans l'unité de climatisation par une filtration profonde. L'unité de climatisation comprend également une cloison verticale séparant une section extérieure d'une section intérieure, avec un orifice permettant l'écoulement d'air entre la section extérieure et la section intérieure, et un ensemble économiseur comprenant un amortisseur.
PCT/US2009/059238 2008-10-03 2009-10-01 Unité de climatisation avec ensemble d'économiseur et de filtre WO2010039964A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2009801480747A CN102232169A (zh) 2008-10-03 2009-10-01 带有节能器和过滤器组件的空气调节设备
EP09818509A EP2342513A1 (fr) 2008-10-03 2009-10-01 Unité de climatisation avec ensemble d'économiseur et de filtre

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10268808P 2008-10-03 2008-10-03
US61/102,688 2008-10-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010039964A1 true WO2010039964A1 (fr) 2010-04-08

Family

ID=42073882

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/059238 WO2010039964A1 (fr) 2008-10-03 2009-10-01 Unité de climatisation avec ensemble d'économiseur et de filtre

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100083682A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2342513A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102232169A (fr)
RU (1) RU2011117226A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010039964A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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WO2015061527A1 (fr) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Kooltronic, Inc. Unité de transfert de chaleur utilisée dans des environnements dangereux

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US8725300B2 (en) * 2011-07-08 2014-05-13 Aircuity, Inc. Methods and apparatus for differential energy based airside economizer changeover
WO2015079673A1 (fr) * 2013-11-26 2015-06-04 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Dispositif de ventilation d'alimentation et d'évacuation
NO337280B1 (no) * 2014-03-17 2016-02-29 Global Lng Services Ltd Forbedring ved luftkjølte varmevekslere
US9714770B2 (en) * 2014-04-01 2017-07-25 Hoffman Enclosures, Inc. Fresh air cooling device
US10005016B2 (en) * 2015-12-28 2018-06-26 General Electric Company Hydrophobic filtration of tempering air
US20180328619A1 (en) * 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. Packaged terminal air conditioner unit
CN113811720B (zh) * 2019-03-01 2023-06-02 亨利·I·帕特尔 具有动态智能空气管理系统的ptac单元

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EP3060857A4 (fr) * 2013-10-25 2018-04-18 Kooltronic Inc. Unité de transfert de chaleur utilisée dans des environnements dangereux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100083682A1 (en) 2010-04-08
CN102232169A (zh) 2011-11-02
EP2342513A1 (fr) 2011-07-13
RU2011117226A (ru) 2012-11-10

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