WO2010039141A1 - Panneau flexible à base de polymères électrochimiques - Google Patents

Panneau flexible à base de polymères électrochimiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010039141A1
WO2010039141A1 PCT/US2008/078599 US2008078599W WO2010039141A1 WO 2010039141 A1 WO2010039141 A1 WO 2010039141A1 US 2008078599 W US2008078599 W US 2008078599W WO 2010039141 A1 WO2010039141 A1 WO 2010039141A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
flexible
electrochromic
working
panel
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Application number
PCT/US2008/078599
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English (en)
Inventor
Chunye Xu
Chao Ma
Minoru Taya
Original Assignee
University Of Washington
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Priority to PCT/US2008/078599 priority Critical patent/WO2010039141A1/fr
Publication of WO2010039141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010039141A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/161—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
    • G02F1/15165—Polymers

Definitions

  • Electrochromic (EC) materials are a subset of the family of chromogenic materials, which includes photochromic materials, and thermochromic materials. These materials change their tinting level or opacity when exposed to light (p/zotochromic), heat (thermochromic), or an electric potential (electrochromic). Chromogenic materials have attracted widespread interest in applications relating to the transmission of light.
  • chromogenic materials An early application for chromogenic materials was in sunglasses or prescription eyeglasses that darken when exposed to the sun. Such photochromic materials were first developed by researchers at Corning Incorporated in the late 1960s. Since that time, it has been recognized that chromogenic materials could potentially be used to produce window glass that can vary the amount of light transmitted, although the use of such materials is clearly not limited to that prospective application. Another likely application will be in the production of display devices. Indeed, EC technology is already employed in the displays of digital watches.
  • the EC layer is typically tungsten oxide (WO 3 ).
  • WO 3 tungsten oxide
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 5,598,293; 6,005,705; and 6,136,161 describe an inorganic thin film EC device based on a tungsten oxide EC layer.
  • Other inorganic EC materials such as molybdenum oxide, are also known. While many inorganic materials have been used as EC materials, difficulties in processing and a slow response time that is associated with many inorganic EC materials have created the need to develop different types of EC materials.
  • Conjugated, redox-active polymers represent one different type of EC material. These polymers (cathodic or anodic polymers) are inherently electrochromic and can be switched electrochemically (or chemically) between different color states.
  • a family of redox-active copolymers are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,883,220.
  • Another family of nitrogen-based heterocyclic organic EC materials is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,197,923.
  • Research into still other types of organic film EC materials continues, in hopes of identifying or developing EC materials that will be useful in commercial applications such as EC windows. There still exists room for improvement and development of new types of EC organic polymer films, and methods of making EC organic polymer films.
  • the EC devices that have thus far been constructed employ relatively rigid substrates. Polymer films are readily deposited on glass, and it is typically employed for this purpose when fabricating EC devices. However, for certain applications, it would be preferable to produce an ECD that is entirely flexible. Since a flexible ECD that is actuated with an applied electrical potential must retain the spacing between the working and counter electrodes comprising the device, it is not trivial to construct such a device. A flexible ECD must be capable of retaining the seal that keeps an electrolyte between the two electrodes, even when the device is repeatedly flexed. The configuration must enable bending of the device without sustaining damage.
  • flexible ECD clearly indicates an electrochromic display that is flexible and can be bent without being damaged.
  • the present novel approach is intended to produce a flexible EC panel and is not limited specifically to the use of a flexible panel only as a display device.
  • a flexible EC panel might be included in sunglasses.
  • the lens portion of the glasses comprising the flexible EC panel would be more readily fabricated as a planar multilayer configuration, but when mounted in the frames, would have the capability of being readily bent or flexed to conform to a frame that is designed to curve around a user's eyes. Accordingly, it will be understood that discussion of a "flexible ECD" is not intended to be limited only to a display device, but instead, is intended to more broadly apply to a flexible EC panel.
  • one aspect of this novel technology is directed to an exemplary method for producing a flexible electrochromic panel.
  • the method includes the steps of depositing a working electrochromic film on a first flexible polymer substrate.
  • the working electrochromic film is selected for its ability to repetitively change between at least a first state in which the working electrochromic film exhibits a first transmittance characteristic, and a second state in which the working electrochromic film exhibits a second, substantially different transmittance characteristic.
  • the term substantially different should be understood to mean that the different transmittance characteristics can be differentiated by the naked eye.
  • the working electrochromic film in the first state the working electrochromic film is generally an opaque color, and in the second state the working electrochromic film is substantially transparent. The change between states occurs as a result of the working electrochromic film undergoing a redox process.
  • the transmittance characteristics of some electrochromic polymers in the different states is a function of the applied voltage, such that one can vary the voltage applied to the EC polymer to selectively vary its transmittance (i.e., the EC polymer is oxidized or reduced, depending on the applied voltage, and different voltages can be applied to vary the degree of oxidation or reduction, resulting in changing the relative transmittance of the EC polymer).
  • an ion storage film is deposited on a second flexible polymer substrate.
  • the ion storage film chemically interacts with the working electrochromic film during the redox process.
  • the first and the second flexible polymer substrates are selected for a characteristic flexibility that enables them to be readily bent in an arc.
  • the first and the second flexible polymer substrates are then coupled together with a film sealant that is disposed between them.
  • the film sealant serves as a spacer and defines a volume that is disposed between the working electrochromic film and the ion storage film.
  • An electrolyte solution is injected into the volume defined by the film sealant.
  • the flexible electrochromic panel is then sealed to exclude moisture and oxygen, and to maintain the electrolyte solution within the volume.
  • the flexible electrochromic panel that is thus produced is capable of being bent in a substantial curve without experiencing damage.
  • the step of sealing the flexible electrochromic panel can include the step of curing the film sealant with ultraviolet light.
  • the film sealant can also define an inlet port in fluid communication with the volume.
  • the step of injecting the electrolyte solution into the volume can then include the step of injecting the electrolyte solution through the inlet port.
  • the step of sealing can include the step of sealing the inlet port with a sealant material after the electrolyte has been injected into the volume.
  • Another step of the method is providing terminals on the flexible electrochromic panel to enable a voltage to be applied to the working electrochromic film and to the ion storage film for selectively changing the working electrochromic film between the first state and the second state.
  • the method further includes the step of coating the first and the second flexible polymer substrates with an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating before depositing the working electrochromic film and the ion storage film on the flexible substrates.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the method further includes the step of coating the first and the second flexible polymer substrates with an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating before depositing the working electrochromic film and the ion storage film on the flexible substrates.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • An exemplary embodiment employs a polyethylene terephthalate
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the method can then include the step of baking the ion storage film deposited on the second flexible polymer substrate at a sufficiently elevated temperature so as to evaporate a liquid from the vanadium oxide-titanium oxide composite that is deposited on the second flexible polymer substrate, while avoiding thermal damage to the second flexible polymer substrate.
  • At least one exemplary embodiment uses dimethyl substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) for the working electrochromic film, although it is contemplated that many other types of polymers might instead be used for this purpose.
  • Dimethyl substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) is also known as poly(3 ,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylene-dioxy)thiophene) and poly[3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro- 2H-thieno[3,4-b][l,4] dioxepine]; and is referred to in abbreviated format as PPrODOT-Me 2 .
  • Another aspect of the novel technology is directed to a flexible electrochromic panel that is configured generally as discussed above in regard to the method for making such a device.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the layers of an exemplary flexible ECD configured in accord with the present novel approach
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a schematic plan view and an isometric view of the exemplary flexible ECD that is being fabricated, showing the patterned inlet port of a film sealant layer that is adherently disposed between the counter layer and the working layer;
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates exemplary fabrication steps and components used for making a flexible ECD in accord with the present novel approach
  • FIGURE 4 is a graph showing an exemplary cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of the electrochromic (EC) film on the flexible substrate for a potential range from about -1.5 V to about +1.5 V;
  • FIGURE 5 is a graph showing an exemplary CV curve of the counter film, which requires a potential of about 0.8 V to about 1.0 V;
  • FIGURE 6 is a graph illustrating the typical transmittance as a function of wavelength for both the transparent and opaque states, for a plurality of flexible ECDs configured according to the present novel approach;
  • FIGURES 7A-7D are graphs illustrating the response time for switching states as the applied potential is alternately stepped between -1.2 V and +1.2 V for each of four different flexible ECDs configured according to the present novel approach;
  • FIGURES 8A and 8B respectively illustrate an exemplary flexible
  • ECD in its transparent state and its colored (opaque) state as the appropriate potential is applied to switch to each of these states by leads attached to terminals on the device;
  • FIGURES 9A and 9B respectively illustrate an exemplary flexible
  • ECD in its normal flat state, and in its flexed or bent state that is achieved when opposed forces are applied to opposite ends of the device;
  • FIGURE 10 is a flowchart illustrating steps that are carried out to fabricate the exemplary flexible ECD.
  • electrochromic polymer materials have been developed that are blue, red, or green in color and which can be employed to produce a full color display.
  • An initial exemplary embodiment of the present novel approach employs a cathodic EC polymer material, poly [3,3 -dimethyl-3, 4-dihydra2H- thieno[3,4-b][l,4]dioxepine] (PPrODOT-Me 2 ), as a working material on which to fabricate a flexible electrochromic display (ECD) that can be controllably changed from a transparent state to a blue colored (opaque) state by applying an appropriate potential across the counter and working electrodes of the device.
  • ECD flexible electrochromic display
  • the PProDOT- Me 2 EC film exhibits a high transmittance contrast ratio (having 0% transmittance in its colored state) between a blue color and a transparent state, operates at low potentials, has high conductivity, and exhibits excellent thermal stability.
  • a plurality of different colors can be selectively provided by fabricating a flexible ECD with a plurality of different EC films, to produce a multicolor display or panel.
  • the flexibility of this ECD device makes it useful in many applications in which a rigid ECD fabricated using glass substrates would be unacceptable and readily broken, if the display or panel were flexed or bent while in use or during construction of the product that includes the EC device.
  • An exemplary flexible ECD 20 comprises a multilayer electrochromic polymer configuration, as illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the PProDOT- Me 2 polymer film was deposited from a 0.01 M monomer in a 0.1 M LiCKVAcetonitrile (ACN) solution on ITO coated PET substrate 22 (obtained from Sheldahl, Inc. of Minnesota), which has a surface resistance of about 20 ⁇ .
  • ACN LiCKVAcetonitrile
  • An oxidative electrochemical polymerization method was used to deposit polymer films onto the ITO PET substrate in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the monomer is oxidized and forms a radical cation, which undergoes a further coupling reaction with other monomers or radical cations, forming insoluble polymer chains on the electrode surface of the ITO PET substrate.
  • the applied potential during the deposition is 1.5-2.5 V, and the deposition time is from about 1 s to about 15 s. Due to the relatively low quality and conductivity of the ITO coating on the PET substrate, a copper tape can be applied to minimize the potential drop through the substrate surface.
  • a counter layer 26 of the flexible ECD is a vanadium oxide-titanium oxide (V 2 Os-TiO 2 ) composite film, which is also deposited on an ITO PET substrate 24 that is substantially identical to ITO coated substrate 22.
  • V 2 Os-TiO 2 vanadium oxide-titanium oxide
  • ITO coated substrate 22 an applied potential controlled to be about 3.5 V was used, resulting in a deposition time of about 10 s to about 20 s.
  • excess liquid needs to be evaporated from the deposited V 2 Os- TiO 2 composite film, which can be accomplished by baking the assembly in an oven at over 100 0 C.
  • the PET plastic comprising this substrate can experience a damaging deformation during heating at such an elevated temperature, it is necessary to carefully control the baking time and temperature.
  • the PET substrate After being coated with the V 2 Os-TiO 2 composite film, the PET substrate is placed on a flat glass substrate support and heated to about 104 0 C for 4 h.
  • This exemplary embodiment also includes a transparent electrolyte layer 30, which is a good conductor for small ions, such as ClO 4 " and Li + , and an insulator for electrons.
  • the transparent liquid electrolyte layer is sandwiched between the working and counter layers.
  • This transparent liquid electrolyte layer serves as an ion transport layer, and ions move quickly inside the transparent electrolyte layer during switching of the display device between states.
  • a gel or solid electrolyte can also be used, although empirical studies have suggested that liquid electrolytes offer enhanced performance.
  • the V 2 Os-TiO 2 composite film serves as an ion storage layer (i.e., an ion attracting layer) and works with the PProDOT-Me 2 film - each forming one part of a pair.
  • the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film When the EC film is reduced with an applied potential and changes color to blue (attracting positively charged lithium (Li) ions), the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film simultaneously attracts negatively charged perchlorate (ClO 4 ) ions.
  • the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film attracts positively charged Li + ions.
  • the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film While switching between these two states, the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film maintains a light green color.
  • the relatively light tint provided by the V 2 Os-TiO 2 film is acceptable for most applications. If a more optically transparent counter layer is desired, (i.e., a counter layer without the green tint), other counter layers, such as patterned gold or graphite layers, can also be employed.
  • an ultraviolet (UV) light cured film sealant 36 (FIGURE 2) was adopted to seal the flexible ECD.
  • This cured film sealant serves as spacer 32 (see FIGURE 1) that is sized to maintain about a 30 ⁇ m gap between the working and counter electrodes, while also serving as a barrier (in addition to barrier 34) to prevent moisture and oxygen absorption by the display device.
  • the cured film sealant thus maintains the separation between the two electrodes, while sealing the flexible ECD, and is patterned to provide an inlet port 40 into a relatively thin volume 42 for holding liquid electrolyte 30 (FIGURE 1), as shown in FIGURE 2.
  • liquid transparent electrolyte solution is injected through the inlet port of the film sealant, and inlet port 40 is then sealed with a glue or other suitable adhesive/sealant.
  • a glue or other suitable adhesive/sealant it should be recognized that the concepts disclosed herein encompass embodiments in which the cured film sealant also functions as barrier 34 (such that separate barrier and spacer elements are not required, with the cured film sealant simultaneously implementing both elements).
  • FIGURE 2 note that while substrate 22 and 24 overlap in a center portion of the device (i.e., proximate thin volume 42), a right edge 24a (relative to the drawing figure) of substrate 24 extends beyond the center portion, and a left edge 22a (relative to the drawing figure) of substrate 22 extends beyond the center portion.
  • the substrates do not overlap at these edge portions.
  • the specific dimensions of the edge portions are not critical, but these edge portions do provide a functional role, in that electrical connections can be made relatively easily at these edge portions.
  • FIGURE 8A and 8B schematically illustrate such connections.
  • the edges act as terminals for electrical connections.
  • FIGURE 3 The components that are assembled to produce a flexible ECD 50 are shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the steps used for fabricating flexible ECD 50 are illustrated in FIGURE 10, and the following discussion is directed to both FIGURES 3 and 10.
  • steps 132 and 134 working layer 28 comprising the EC film, and counter layer 26 comprising the V 2 Os-TiO 2 composite film are respectively deposited on ITO PET substrates 22 and 24.
  • Film sealant 36 is patterned and applied between the working and counter substrates in a step 136.
  • the liquid electrolyte solution is then injected through inlet port 40 provided in the patterned film sealant.
  • a step 140 the open inlet port is sealed using a UV curable glue or other suitable adhesive or sealant, and the entire device is then irradiated with UV light for about 10 minutes, which causes the sealant to fully bond between the two substrate layers and to become impermeable to moisture and oxygen.
  • the flexible ECD, barriers 34 can be provided to more fully seal the ends of the layers comprising the flexible ECD, but are not shown in FIGURE 3, and this aspect is not included as a step shown in FIGURE 10.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates an exemplary cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve 60 of the EC film for the flexible substrate, which ranges from about -1.5 V to about +1.5 V in potential.
  • CV cyclic voltammetry
  • T% light transmittance
  • Several flexible devices were fabricated and a typical (average) T% for visible light wavelengths was measured, yielding the results shown in FIGURE 6.
  • a flat line curve 80 at the top of the graph in this Figure represents T% in the transparent state of the devices, and indicates that the device provides high transmittance in the visible light range.
  • a "U" shaped curve 82 at the bottom of the graph is the T% in the opaque state and has a minimum transmittance in the range of 550 nm-600 nm, which is the most sensitive portion of the visible light spectrum, to human eyes.
  • the contrast ratio of light transmittance at a certain wavelength is defined as the difference between T% for the transparent and the opaque states at that wavelength.
  • the highest contrast ratio, ⁇ T% max , for these exemplary display devices appears at a wavelength of about 580 nm, as indicated by the double arrowhead line in FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURES 7A-7D illustrate the measured results of reversing the potential applied to four devices, in regard to the cyclic light transmittance. This technique is used to test the response time and repeatability of the display devices. In this test, the potential was stepped between -1.2 V and ⁇ 1.2 V, with a delay time of about 2 seconds between each stepped change in the potential polarity.
  • the light transmittance was measured at 580 nm wavelength.
  • T% max , T% n , and AT% were measured.
  • a curve 92 indicates that the range was from 62% to 5%, with ⁇ T% ⁇ 57%.
  • a curve 94 indicates that the range was from 57% to 3%, with ⁇ T% ⁇ 54%.
  • the range of these parameters is controlled by the thickness of the EC polymer film, i.e., the thicker the EC polymer film, the darker will be the film; and conversely, the thinner the EC polymer film, the lighter will be the film.
  • the thickness of the EC polymer film can be controlled during film deposition by adjusting parameters such as deposition potential and charging time.
  • the response time of the flexible devices is relatively fast, since they can be switched from a completely transparent state to a completely opaque state (and vice versa) in about 1 second.
  • FIGURES 8 A and 8B A test setup 100 for the flexible ECDs is illustrated in FIGURES 8 A and 8B.
  • the flexible ECD was changed from a colored or opaque state 102 as shown in FIGURE 8 A to a transparent state 102', as shown in FIGURE 8B, by applying the appropriate potential through leads 104 and 106, which are clipped to terminals 108 and 110, respectively.
  • the light transmittance for the colored state displayed almost no change.
  • the light transmittance of the transparent state decreased slightly during the first 5,000 cycles, but became stable after that. At the beginning of this test, the light transmittance was about 55.2% ⁇ 2.4%, and after 40,000 cycles, it had decreased to about 52.1% ⁇ 2.6%.
  • FIGURES 9A and 9B respectively illustrate a device made in accord with the novel approach described above in a normal flat state 120, and in a flexed or bent state 120', which is achieved when a force F is applied to opposite edges of the flexible ECD causing the edges to move toward each other and the center of the flexible ECD to bend outwardly.
  • the capability of the flexible ECD to bend without being damaged enables it to be used in any application where such bending of the device may occur.
  • prior art rigid ECDs would be damaged if an attempt were made to flex them in this manner.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un panneau électrochimique (EC) flexible utilisable pour un dispositif d'affichage ou pour d'autres applications par lesquelles on peut modifier sélectivement l'opacité d'au moins une région du panneau. Un panneau donné à titre d'exemple comprend une couche de travail d'EC ou une électrode constituée d'un film polymère de PProDOT-Me2 qui est déposé sur un substrat flexible de polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET) recouvert d'un oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain (ITO). De même, une électrode auxiliaire est formée par dépôt d'un film composite d'oxyde de vanadium et d'oxyde de titane (V2O5-TiO2) sur un autre substrat flexible recouvert de PET ITO. Un produit d'étanchéité de film avec rayonnement ultraviolet est utilisé pour fermer hermétiquement le panneau flexible et est également utilisé en tant qu'espaceur entre les électrodes. Ce produit d'étanchéité de film est modelé pour définir un volume permettant d'injecter une solution électrolytique par un orifice d'admission prévu dans le produit d'étanchéité de film. Ledit orifice d'admission est alors fermé. Le panneau d'EC peut être facilement fléchi sans dommage.
PCT/US2008/078599 2008-10-02 2008-10-02 Panneau flexible à base de polymères électrochimiques WO2010039141A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9099575B2 (en) 2013-07-16 2015-08-04 Cree, Inc. Solid state lighting devices and fabrication methods including deposited light-affecting elements

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702963A (en) * 1981-04-03 1987-10-27 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Flexible polymer film with vapor impermeable coating
US4761061A (en) * 1985-09-19 1988-08-02 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Method for fabrication of electrochromic device and the same fabricated by the method
US20050025980A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-02-03 Anoop Agrawal Electrochromic safety glazing
US6950220B2 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-09-27 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same
US20070292606A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Eclipse Energy Systems Electrochromic Device with Self-forming Ion transfer Layer and Lithium Fluoro-Nitride Electrolyte

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4702963A (en) * 1981-04-03 1987-10-27 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Flexible polymer film with vapor impermeable coating
US4761061A (en) * 1985-09-19 1988-08-02 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Method for fabrication of electrochromic device and the same fabricated by the method
US20050025980A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-02-03 Anoop Agrawal Electrochromic safety glazing
US6950220B2 (en) * 2002-03-18 2005-09-27 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same
US20070292606A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Eclipse Energy Systems Electrochromic Device with Self-forming Ion transfer Layer and Lithium Fluoro-Nitride Electrolyte

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9099575B2 (en) 2013-07-16 2015-08-04 Cree, Inc. Solid state lighting devices and fabrication methods including deposited light-affecting elements

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