WO2010015098A1 - Formulación farmacéutica veterinaria que comprende una partícula recombinante de arn que codifica para una proteína cu/zn superóxido dismutasa de bacterias patógenas de rumiantes y al menos un alfavirus arn perteneciente a la familia del virus semliki forest - Google Patents
Formulación farmacéutica veterinaria que comprende una partícula recombinante de arn que codifica para una proteína cu/zn superóxido dismutasa de bacterias patógenas de rumiantes y al menos un alfavirus arn perteneciente a la familia del virus semliki forest Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010015098A1 WO2010015098A1 PCT/CL2009/000009 CL2009000009W WO2010015098A1 WO 2010015098 A1 WO2010015098 A1 WO 2010015098A1 CL 2009000009 W CL2009000009 W CL 2009000009W WO 2010015098 A1 WO2010015098 A1 WO 2010015098A1
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- rna
- sod
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/098—Brucella
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0089—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on superoxide as acceptor (1.15)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/525—Virus
- A61K2039/5256—Virus expressing foreign proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/53—DNA (RNA) vaccination
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/55—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the host/recipient, e.g. newborn with maternal antibodies
- A61K2039/552—Veterinary vaccine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55555—Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/36011—Togaviridae
- C12N2770/36111—Alphavirus, e.g. Sindbis virus, VEE, EEE, WEE, Semliki
- C12N2770/36141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2770/36143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
Definitions
- the use of this technology is directed towards the livestock sector, specifically for cattle that have high rates of abortions caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus.
- Brucella abortus is a gram-negative, intracellular, facultative bacterium that contains mannose molecules that favor adherence to host mononuclear phagocytes.
- the placenta of cattle contains a large number of receptors of ma ⁇ osa, which favors the nesting of this bacterium and consequently the probability of abortions in these animals.
- the Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase proteins are periplasmic enzymes that detoxify superoxide ion (O2 ”) and hydrogen peroxide (HbO2), produced by phagocytes after Ia phagocytosis of the bacteria.
- O2 superoxide ion
- HbO2 hydrogen peroxide
- the expression of these enzymes favors the permanence of Brucella sp. within the viable phagocyte.
- strains in attenuated vaccines are the vaccine whose active ingredient uses strain Brucella abortus 19, however, this vaccine causes abortions in the immunized animal and also develops antibodies against the O antigen of LPS, interfering with the serological diagnosis of this disease.
- Another formulation used is Ia that is made with the strain 45/20 (rugose strain), which, although it does not interfere with the serological diagnosis, can be reverted to its virulent smooth form.
- a third vaccine is Ia that uses the strain RB51 of Brucella abortus, which is a natural mutant of the strain 2308 of Brucella abortus, whose main characteristic is the lack of the O antigen of the LPS, for which it does not interfere in the serological diagnosis either.
- An important aspect with the strain of B. abortus 2308 is that it produces placentitis in pregnant cows, there being the possibility of reverting to its virulent form.
- immunization with plasmid expression vectors is a recent technique, with which encouraging results have been obtained in injectable pharmaceutical compositions, achieving levels of protection similar to those obtained with the use of the attenuated strain of Brucella abortus RB51.
- the advantage of this methodology compared to vaccination with attenuated strains, is due to the ease of its management and the ability to generate prolonged immune responses, with a high level of biosecurity.
- the plasmid DNA is incorporated into the genome of the cell, for which reason its practical use in the future would be in doubt.
- RNA 42S that encodes a polyprotein called viral replicase, responsible for Ia replication of genomic RNA.
- the latter is used as a template for the synthesis of subgenomic RNA 26S and viral genomic RNA.
- the 26S subgenomic RNA encodes the structural proteins, which correspond to the proteins of the Capsid (C). These, newly synthesized, can be linked to one or more encapsidation sequences of the viral genomic RNA.
- These vectors can consist basically of the naked self-replicating RNA, whose sequence contains insert of the gene of interest, which codes for the protein with immune capacity, or, for suicidal viral particles of the Semliki Forest virus, which contain RNA without replicative capacity. .
- Previous experiments have shown the high efficiency of these systems to produce heterologous proteins in eukaryotic cells, as well as the ability to confer excellent levels of protection in immunized animals, surpassing even traditional DNA vaccines.
- the US patent US6264952 discloses another type of vaccine, whose active principle is a bacterial agent (Brucella sp.). This bacterium is irradiated with gamma emissions, in this way a bacterium is obtained that is metabolically active, but it can not be replicated, so it does not interfere with the invention to be claimed.
- British patent application GB2227936 discloses an improved vaccine against Brucella abortus, this allows to differentiate the infected cattle with other field strains. For this purpose, a combination of the major ⁇ proteins is used. abortus as specific antigens.
- This immunizing agent is a pathogenic strain that can take various forms as purified proteins of said bacteria, dead or attenuated bacteria.
- Another immunizing agent corresponds to the synthetic peptides with antigenic epitopes, which have been obtained from the same bacteria, for example, Omps I, II, III and the envelope protein of 7 and 8kD.
- Other agents are the crude or pure recombinant extracts from transformed E. coli, for the expression of the same proteins, or crude or pure recombinant extracts of transformed E.
- the US invention patent US5824310 discloses the use of the B. abortus LPS as coadjuvant. This invention patent application does not use the SOD protein.
- the patent application of North American priority invention discloses a vector system based on the Semliki Forest virus (SFV), in addition to its use in an expression system directed to the central nervous system (CNS) and the related pharmaceutical formulation for the release of drugs in the CNS.
- the invention demonstrated the potential use of alpha virus vectors as vectors for the CNS.
- a vector that penetrates the CNS is protected and expresses a cloned gene that acts on the CNS, giving an efficient non-invasive treatment.
- the North American application uses neither the protein nor the SOD gene. If you use the viral system as a vector, but this system was already protected in Liljestrom's patent application (US5739036).
- the invention patent application of the world patent office WO9909192 discloses and protects a method for transforming a selected cell with a determined nucleic acid.
- Semliki Forest virus particles are used to infect "in vivo" selectively.
- the target cells are cardiac smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes after angioplasty.
- the purpose is that the nucleic acid code for a restenosis inhibitor, the thymidine kinase of the herpes simplex virus. In this patent application, one does not work with the SOD protein.
- US Patent No. 6566093 discloses a new expression vector for use as a vaccine, is of the DNA type and is based in part on the genome of an alphavirus. This initiative protects the use and methodology of introducing an exogenous gene in said expression system. This technology does not interfere with our proposal, since the DNA construct is different from the one synthesized in the present invention.
- RNA-like alphavirus molecule protects an injectable pharmaceutical composition comprising an RNA-like alphavirus molecule.
- a naked RNA-type vaccine composition is also protected, which is formulated with lipids that can be absorbed by inert particles together with the sequence of the exogenous antigen, where the herpes antigen is HSVgD and the influenza antigen is hemagglutinin.
- HSVgD herpes antigen
- influenza antigen is hemagglutinin.
- the second vaccine incorporates only the RNA of the virus with the sequence of the protein.
- the DNA segment coding for the Cu / Zn protein rSOD (sodC gene) must be subcloned in the plasmid carrying the viral replicase sequence (pSFV4.2).
- the 3 plasmids encoding the recombinant Semliki Forest virus are transcribed in vitro.
- the analysis of the expression of the SOD gene from the replicon RNA (pSFV4.2-SOD) is performed. The results obtained indicate that the SOD protein is expressed with similar effectiveness by the cells of an animal immunized with this RNA.
- the viral particle (rSFV4.2-SOD) is packaged, starting at 3 Transcribed RNA, within a cell line (COS-7), from where the chimeric viral particles of the culture medium are purified.
- the RB51 strain was used.
- the procedure contemplates the cultivation of the strain for a period of 24 hours and its subsequent harvest.
- the pellet is treated with methanol and a hypertonic solution to stop the bacterial activity, then sonicated and centrifuged in cold conditions, the supernatant contains the bacteria already used.
- This pellet is treated with phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride, protease inhibitor (PMSF) and dialysate, in order to obtain the proteins.
- the proteins are concentrated with polyethylene glycol in dialysis bags with the capacity to retain molecular weights above 3500.
- This protein solution contains the Cu / Zn SOD protein that is used as a control.
- the bacteria must be cultured, subsequently harvested from the culture broth and the supernatant added to an anion exchange column, which has no affinity for the Cu / Zn SOD protein.
- the supernatant elutes the protein Cu / Zn SOD, which is treated with polymyxin B in order to eliminate the bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
- this solution is dialyzed against phosphate buffered saline (PBS), to finally analyze the purity of the protein obtained by means of an SDS-PAGE gel and the concentration is determined by the Bradford method.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- This stage is carried out in two parts, first is the preparation of an expression vector that codes for the SOD protein, from the plasmid that contains the genes of the viral replicase of Semliky Forest virus.
- a second stage involves a second expression system also based on plasmids from the same virus, these carry other genes necessary for viral replication.
- competent bacteria To generate the expression system, competent bacteria must be prepared.
- the strain used is E. coli BL21 for the two plasmids of the first stage, the transformation protocol involves the use of CaCl 2 .
- the construction of the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD was carried out through the gene coding for the protein Cu / Zn Superoxide Dismutase of ⁇ . abortus (sodC), which is obtained from the pBSSOD plasmid, previously developed in the invention and from the pSFV4.2 plasmid.
- the already competent bacteria are transformed by conventional methods widely known in the art.
- Figure 3 shows the general scheme of the process until the viral suicide particles are obtained: (1) The plasmid is constructed using the plasmid pSFV4.2, (2) plasmid pBSSOD is digested with the same restriction enzymes and synthesized after Ia gel extraction of the insert between 1000 and 1200 bp (sodC) whose gene encodes the protein Cu / Zn Superoxide Dismutase of S. abortus. In (3), the ligation of the insert of the range comprised between 1000 and 1200 bp takes place in the plasmid pSFV4.2, (4) the purification of each plasmid is carried out, in vitro transcription and transfection.
- the second stage of expression is the preparation of the two viral structural plasmids, for which the vectors pSFV-Helper Spike2 (7543 bp) and plasmid pSFV-Helper Capsid S219A (5504 bp) were used.
- Line 2 pSFV4.2-SOD plasmid digested with Xho ⁇ and BamHl,
- Line 3 pSFV-Helper Spike2 plasmid digested with XhoI
- Line 4 pSFV-Helper Capsid S219A plasmid digested with EcoRI.
- the restriction enzyme Spel
- In vitro transcription is performed using a commercial kit.
- Transfection to cell line COS-7 ATCC, CRL 1651 is carried out using cationic liposomes.
- RNA transcribed from the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD like the RNA of the plasmids pSFV-Helper-Spike2 and pSFV-Helper-Capsid S219, are obtained by in vitro transcription as described above. This procedure is specifically developed in the application example. In Figure No. 5 the effectiveness of the in vitro transcription is checked. The sizes of the transcribed RNAs, from the plasmids pSFV-Helper Spike2, pSFV-Helper Capsid S219 and pSFV4.2-SOD, are as expected.
- Figure 5 shows the analysis of the RNA transcribed from the plasmids under study.
- the 1% agarose gel is subjected to electrophoresis for 30 min at 4OmA. Both standard RNA and RNA transcripts, must be pre - incubated with loading buffer and heated at 65 0 C for 3 min before being sown in the gel.
- Figure No. 5 shows the following:
- Lane 3 RNA transcribed from plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD
- Line 5 RNA transcribed from plasmid pSFV-Helper Capsid S219A.
- line 2 RNA transcribed from plasmid pSFV-Helper Capsid S219A.
- the correct in vitro transcription of the positive control is observed, and in addition, the correct transcription of each plasmid can be observed, which have the expected sizes.
- a Western Blot is performed. For this reason, an electrophoresis of the proteins must first be carried out on a polyacrylamide gel. Once the proteins are transferred to the nitrocellulose paper, the nonspecific sites are blocked, using skimmed milk dissolved in PBS buffer plus Tween 20. Subsequently, the nitrocellulose paper must be incubated under agitation for a period of time with a monoclonal antibody against SOD . Then incubate with a second anti-mouse IgG rabbit antibody, labeled with peroxidase. Finally, the transferred paper is revealed by incubation in a solution that diaminobenzidine (DAB) in PBS buffer, where a positive reaction to 18kD must be observed.
- DAB diaminobenzidine
- Figure No. 6 shows the Western Blot for the analysis of the expression of the protein Cu / Zn rSOD from the RNA replicon.
- a monoclonal antibody against the Cu / Zn rSOD protein is used and the pure Cu / Zn rSOD protein is used as a positive control.
- Line 1 negative control (cells not transfected with transcribed RNA)
- Line 2 sample (cells transfected with transcribed RNA pSFV4.2-SOD)
- Line 3 positive control (protein Cu / Zn rSOD).
- RNA transcribed from the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD has the ability to express the recombinant Cu / Zn Superoxide Dismutase protein (rSOD), it is transfected with RNA from the pSFV4.2-SOD plasmid to the J774 cell line (ATCC, TIB-67). Once transcribed, the expression of the Cu / Zn rSOD protein within this cell line is detected by means of a Western Blot.
- the Semliki Forest virus is genetically modified in order to elaborate a viral suicide particle, which can be used as a vector for the expression of heterologous proteins in animals.
- the genetically modified virus is encoded in three plasmids: pSFV4.2, pSFV-Helper-Capsid and pSFV-Helper-Spike.
- Figure No. 1 presents the expression vectors based on the Semliki Forest virus.
- Plasmid pSFV4.2 contains four genes that encode the replicase of Semliki Forest virus (nsP1-4); this plasmid lacks the structural genes of the virus (C, p62, 6K and E1). Plasmids pSFV-Helper-Spike2 and pSFV-Helper-Capsid S219A lack the genes that encode the viral Replicase, but they possess the structural genes of the virus. The three plasmids have the following characteristics in common:
- Each plasmid has an SP6 promoter that allows it to be transcribed in vitro, obtaining RNA molecules from each one.
- the plasmid pSFV4.2 has a multicloning site, in which a gene coding for the SOD protein can be inserted.
- the RNA of the plasmid pSFV4.2 corresponds to the replicon vector, a subgenomic promoter followed by the heterologous genes of interest (SOD) and the 5 ' and 3 ' ends required for the replication of the genome, available in the three RNAs.
- the plasmid RNA, pSFV-Helper-Capsid contains a subgenomic promoter, followed by the genes that code for the capsid proteins of the virus.
- the RNA of the plasmid pSFV-Helper-Spike also possesses a subgenomic promoter followed by the genes of the transmembrane proteins of the envelope of the virus.
- the three transcribed RNAs are cotransfected to the eukaryotic cell line COS-7, which are subsequently translated and initiate the packaging of the viral particles with the information of the protein of interest. Due to a genetic modification, these viruses have a limited genome, which consists only of the RNA of the replicon vector, since only this has the sequence of the encapsidation signal. This prevents the virus from developing a productive infection, giving a high biosecurity to the system. In addition, a mutation has been introduced into the gene coding for Ia p62 protein (Arg 66 -> Leu), which prevents the cleavage of this protein by the host proteases. Thus, the viruses obtained are conditionally infectious.
- the cotransfection of a cell with the three RNAs induces the packing and release by budding of the recombinant Semliki Forest virus, which encapsidates only the Replicon RNA, since only the latter possesses Ia encapsidation signal.
- the recombinant Semliki Forest virus was obtained from cells cotransfected with the RNA transcribed from the plasmids: pSFV4.2-SOD, pSFV-Helper-Capsid S219A and pSFV-Helper-Spike2.
- FIG. 2 shows the construction of the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD.
- Plasmid pSFV4.2 was used to construct the plasmid, which was previously digested with the restriction enzymes BamH ⁇ and Xho ⁇ (1), before its ligation with the fragment obtained from the digestion of the pBSSOD plasmid with the same restriction enzymes.
- (2) which was synthesized after the gel extraction of the insert between 1000 and 1200 bp (sodC).
- the 1.1 kb fragment contains the sodC gene that encodes the Cu / Zn Superoxide Dismutase protein of B. abortus.
- the ligation of the insert takes place in the range between 1000 and 1200 bp in the plasmid pSFV4.2, previously digested with the same restriction enzymes.
- mice BALB / c strain were immunized. Naked replicon RNA (pSFV4.2-SOD) and replicon RNA packaged in the Semliki Forest virus (rSFV4.2-SOD) intraperitoneally was administered intramuscularly.
- pSFV4.2-SOD replicon RNA
- rSFV4.2-SOD Semliki Forest virus
- the study of expression of the SOD protein, by the replicon RNA packaged in the Semliki Forest virus in vitro used the cell line COS-7 (ATCC, CRL 1651), which are kidney fibroblasts of the green African monkey and the cell line J774 (ATCC, TIB-67), which are mouse macrophages.
- the two cell lines were cultured in complete DMEM medium.
- 3 bacterial strains were used:
- the packaging of Semliki Forest virus is carried out within the COS-7 cell line, for which it must be co-transfected with the RNAs transcribed from the plasmids pSFV4.2-SOD, pSFV-Helper-Capsid S219 and pSFV-Helper -Spike2.
- the transfection is carried out through cationic liposomes, subsequently the transfection mixture is removed, and then the cotransfected cells are incubated in RPMI medium.
- the viral particle formed inside the cell COS-7 is released into the culture medium, from where it is purified by a gradient of discontinuous sucrose. Finally, the fraction where the viral particles are found must be diluted.
- the visualization and identification of the viral particles of the recombinant Semliki Forest virus is carried out in an electron microscope.
- As a negative control the same cell line is used without transfecting.
- the obtained from the sucrose gradient of this control is observed in the electron microscope.
- Figure 7 shows an electron microscopy of a sample containing viral particles of the recombinant Semliki Forest virus.
- Figure No. 7A corresponds to the photograph of a sample containing purified viral particles in a sucrose gradient
- Figure No. 7B corresponds to the negative control of the previous sample. These samples must be previously stained with a solution of phosphotungstic acid, which is the differential staining for the virus.
- Table No. 1 specifies the groups tested for the constructs, designed from the Semliki Forest virus.
- the first group (I) of the tested individuals were immunized with the naked RNA sequences, ie the group IA
- the sequence of immunization codes for the rSOD protein from rSFV4.2-SOD RNA.
- a second group denominated as I. B was subjected to a test with naked RNA, but with the construct that does not code for the SOD protein (rSFV4.2).
- the second group (II) of the study was immunized with viral particles, specifically individuals II.A, which were subjected to viral immunization, whose genetic material carries the genes coding for the rSOD proteins and was constructed from the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD.
- group II. B was also subjected to viral action, but whose genome only carried the genes that code for the protein complex of the viral replicase.
- the PBS buffer pH 7.4 is used as a negative control.
- Viral particles must be previously activated using a solution of succinic acid at pH 4.5.
- mice immunized with the expression systems The cellular immune response of the mice immunized with the expression systems is evaluated, for which the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in mice is measured, against antigens such as protein Cu / Zn rSOD and total proteins of Brucella abortus RB51.
- antigens such as protein Cu / Zn rSOD and total proteins of Brucella abortus RB51.
- the obtaining of both antigens has been described in the letters A and B of the description of the invention in the specification, namely Obtaining total proteins of B. abortus strain RB51 "and in” Expression of the protein Cu / Zn rSOD " .
- Proliferation is determined by measuring the incorporation of thymidine [ 3 H] into the DNA of the spleen cells of the mice.
- the cells are induced to actively divide in the presence of the antigen.
- the cell suspension should be seeded in microplates and the antigen, corresponding to the protein Cu / Zn rSOD or total proteins of Brucella abortus strain RB51.
- Splenocytes are cultured as a positive control and only the complete culture medium is incubated as a negative control.
- the cells are cultured and then the lymphocytes are harvested to include them in the scintillation solution.
- the stimulation index (EI) is determined, by obtaining the quotient between the value obtained in counts per minute (cpm) of the experimental group with the cpm obtained in the negative control of the same experimental group.
- Figure No. 8 graphically shows the results of the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mice immunized with a naked RNA vaccine from the sequences coding for the SOD protein, viral replicase and buffer (rSFV4.2-SOD, rSFV4 .2 and PBS).
- the study of lymphoproliferation is carried out for 28 days after the second immunization, culturing the lymphocytes in the presence of total protein of Brucella abortus RB51 (figure N ° 8, graph A) and protein Cu / Zn rSOD (figure N ° 8, graph B).
- FIG. 9 graphically shows the results of the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mice, immunized with the vaccine containing the genetically modified virus (pSFV4.2-SOD, pSFV4.2 and PBS). Lymphoproliferation is carried out 18 days after the immunization, culturing the lymphocytes in the presence of Brucella abortus total protein RB51 (graph A) and protein Cu / Zn rSOD (graph B). In the graph A of the figure, it is observed that the lymphocytes of mice immunized with pSFV4.2-SOD, proliferate more than the lymphocytes of the mice immunized with the controls pSFV4.2 and PBS.
- the maximum (14229 cpm) was obtained with a concentration of 4 ⁇ g / ml of the antigen, whose value is significantly higher than that of the lymphocytes of the control group of mice immunized with pSFV4.2 (8794 cpm) and PBS (5254 cpm).
- a greater proliferative response is observed by the lymphocytes of mice immunized with pSFV4.2-SOD.
- the maximum (18876 cpm) is obtained with a concentration of 0.8 ⁇ g / ml of the antigen, whose value is significantly higher than that of the lymphocytes of the control group of mice immunized with pSFV4.2 (7056 cpm) and PBS (4541 cpm) ). Protection Test
- mice should be challenged with 10 4 colony forming units (CFU) of the pathogenic strain Brucella abortus 2308, injected intraperitoneally.
- CFU colony forming units
- the challenges are carried out 24 days after the second immunization in the case of mice immunized with replicon RNA or pSFV4.2-SOD (group I), in addition to their respective controls, and 36 days after the immunization in the case of the mice immunized with the recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV-SOD) plus their respective controls (group II).
- the protection test is carried out 2 weeks later, for which the spleens of the mice tested are extracted. The protection is expressed as the logarithm of the number of CFUs present in the dilution sown in the plate, where a maximum number of isolated colonies can be observed.
- RNA Ribonucleic acid
- SSV Semliki Forest virus
- a second option is the use of naked RNA, carrier of the information required for the synthesis of a heterologous protein, with the capacity to generate an immune response against Brusella abortus.
- the invented expression system has some additional advantages, which establish the difference in the type of response induced in the immunized animal.
- This surprising expression system consists of a viral replicase encoded in the RNA replicon, which has the peculiarity of synthesizing several copies of the genomic RNA, further increasing the probability of the translation of the RNA molecule of interest.
- viral particles based on the Semliki Forest virus have high affinity with a broad spectrum of cellular receptors, which in turn allows them to enter a wide variety of cells. Some of these are crucial for the development of the protective immune response, as they are antigen-presenting dendritic cells, however, they do not manage to phagocytose as efficiently as the macrophages, further increasing the efficiency of the immune system response.
- This invention includes an expression system with a high level of biosecurity, because the virus is not self-replicating and its genome is constituted by an RNA replicon sequence, which is not incorporated into the host's genome, because its metabolism does not require DNA as an intermediary.
- Example No. 1 Extraction of total proteins from the RB51 strain of Brucella abortus.
- Example No. 2 Expression of the Cu / Zn Protein Recombinant Superoxide Dismutase (see Figure N 0 6)
- the Cu / Zn SOD protein of Brucella abortus is expressed in E. coll DH5 bacteria, which was transformed by electroporation with the pBSSOD plasmid containing the gene coding for the Cu / Zn SOD protein (sodC).
- the bacteria were grown in LB broth plus 100ug / ml ampicillin for 12 h at 37 0 C with stirring. Subsequently, the bacteria were collected from the culture broth by centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 20 min. Bacteria were resuspended in 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.6 plus 0.1% Triton X-100 and incubated at 37 0 C for 12 h, with stirring.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 20 min, recovering the supernatant added to an anion exchange column, which has no affinity for the Cu / Zn SOD protein, and most of the other proteins present in the supernatant are retained.
- the eluate obtained from the column was treated with polymyxin B in order to eliminate the bacterial Lipopolysaccharide.
- this solution was dialyzed against PBS buffer, to analyze the purity of the protein obtained by means of a gel 12% SDS-PAGE and its concentration by the Bradford method.
- Cu / Zn RSOD -2O protein was stored at 0 C.
- plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD was digested with ⁇ amHI and Xho enzymes ⁇ for 2 h at 37 0 C. From the digestion a fragment of 1, 1 kb, containing the gene of interest, which is extracted from obtained a 1% agarose gel using a commercial kit (see figure No. 4, line 2).
- the plasmid pSFV4.2 was digested with the same restriction enzymes used previously and under the same conditions.
- the restriction enzymes were inactivated at 6O 0 C for 15 min.
- the ligation was performed by mixing in a 3: 1 ratio the insert of 1.1 kb, with the plasmid pSFV4.2, which had a marker for the antibiotic ampicillin. This was previously digested using the enzyme DNA ligase T4 in 10X T4 DNA ligase buffer plus 5mM ATP.
- the ligation mixture was incubated for 12 h at 16 0 C in the dark, this was used to transform competent E. coli BL21 bacteria.
- the effectiveness of the ligation was determined by growing in plates with LB medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin.
- plasmid DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. The obtained plasmid was digested with the enzymes ⁇ amHI and Xho ⁇ , then analyzed by means of a 1% agarose gel, which was observed in ultra violet light to confirm the presence of the 1.1 kb fragment.
- the competent E. coli BL21 bacteria were transformed by mixing 100 ⁇ l of these with approximately 1 ⁇ g of plasmid, keeping them on ice for 30 min. Then incubated at 42 0 C for 90 s, then 400 ul of LB broth was added and again were incubated for 45 min at 37 0 C with shaking at 200 rpm. Finally, the mixture was seeded in a culture dish containing LB agar plus 60 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin, the bacteria were incubated for a period of 12 37 0 C.
- Example No. 5 Competency test
- the bacterial strain BL21 E. coli was plated on agar Laurya Bertoni (LB) and incubated at 37 0 C for 16 h. After the plate was selected from an isolated colony, which was inoculated in a test tube with 5 ml of LB broth and then incubated for 12 h at 37 0 C with shaking at 220 rpm. Subsequently, 1 ml of medium inoculated a flask with 100 ml of LB broth and incubated at 37 0 C with shaking at 220 rpm to an optical density of the broth from 0.38 to 590 nm.
- the culture medium was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant was discarded.
- the bacteria were resuspended in 20 ml of 0.1 M CaCb at 4 0 C. It was incubated for 10 min on ice and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for the same period of time. The supernatant was discarded and the bacteria were resuspended in 4 ml of CaCb (0.1 M) at 4 0 C.
- a micropuge tube of 1.5 ml capacity, 850 ⁇ l of the previous suspension was mixed in with a microfuge tube. 150 ⁇ l of sterile glycerol and then each tube was placed in a container with liquid nitrogen. Finally, the competent frozen bacteria were stored at -80 ° C.
- Example No. 6 Linearization of the plasmid and in vitro transcription system
- the linearization of the plasmids was performed by digestion with the enzyme SpeI at 37 0 C for one hour.
- the linearized plasmids were purified from the cutting mixture, adding a volume of mixture containing 25% phenol, 24% chloroform and 1% isoamyl alcohol, the mixture was stirred vigorously. Subsequently, it was centrifuged at 4650 rpm and the aqueous phase was recovered, from which the plasmid was extracted by precipitation using 2.5 volumes of 70% ethanol plus 0.05 volumes of 3M sodium acetate.
- the plasmid was resuspended in deionized water treated with 0.2% diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC). The transcription was then carried out in vitro using a commercial kit.
- DEPC diethylpyrocarbonate
- the 5 ⁇ g mixture of the linearized plasmid was treated with 10 ⁇ l of 5X SP6 transcription buffer; 5 ⁇ l of 100 mM Dithiothreitol (DTT); 50 units of recombinant ribonuclease inhibitor; 2.5 ⁇ l of 1mM rATP, 10mM rCTP and 1mM rUTP plus 2.5 ⁇ l of 1mM rGTP; 5 ⁇ l of the Cap 5mM analog, Ribo m 7 G; 40 units of the RNA polymerase SP6 and enrrasó with nuclease free water to a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, then this mixture was incubated for 2 h at 37 0 C.
- DTT Dithiothreitol
- the transcribed mRNA was purified by precipitation with 0, 72 volumes of sopropanol at -20 ° C plus 0.2 volumes of 3M sodium acetate (pH 4.8), and a new incubation was carried out for a period of 10 min at room temperature, then centrifuged for 15 min at 4650 rpm, to then precipitate the transcribed RNA. To carry out this step, it was washed with 75% ethanol and centrifuged at 4650 rpm for a period of 15 min. The precipitated RNA was resuspended in TE buffer at pH 7.5. The size of the transcribed RNA was verified by resolution by electrophoresis in a 1% agarose gel.
- the sample was preincubated with loading buffer for 3 min at 65 0 C before being sown in the gel.
- the gel was analyzed in an ultraviolet transilluminator where the size of the transcribed RNA was compared with that of the RNA molecular weight standard.
- the transcribed RNA was aliquoted and stored at -80 ° C, see figures No. 4 and No. 5.
- the transfection was performed by means of cationic liposomes, for which cell lines COS-7 (ATCC CRL-1651) and J774 (ATCC TIB-67) were cultured in complete DMEM medium, until obtaining an approximate amount of 4 x 10 6 cells per ml. .
- the cells were detached and subsequently transferred to plates for cell cultures, where the cells were incubated with culture medium to a confluence of 80%.
- This culture medium was then replaced by the modified complete DMEM medium and incubated for 5 to 10 minutes in a humid atmosphere at 37 ° C with 5% CO 2 . After the incubation, the medium was replaced by a transfection mixture containing 9 ⁇ g of Lipofectamine plus 2-5 ⁇ g of RNA transcribed in modified complete DMEM medium. The transfected mixture was incubated for 2 h.
- Example No. 8 Expression of RNA transcribed from the plasmid pSFV4.2-SOD
- RNA was transfected in J774 cell line (ATCC, TIB-67), following the same steps of transfection with liposomes.
- the transfected cells were detached, by mechanical means and used with loading buffer, used in protein electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels.
- the above mixture was heated at 100 0 C for 5 min and then loaded on a polyacrylamide gel to electrophoretically separate proteins from the sample.
- the expression of the Cu / Zn SOD protein in the transfected cell line was verified by means of a Western Blot ( Figure No. 5), whose procedure is described in Example No. 10.
- a monoclonal mouse antibody of class IgG against the protein Cu / Zn SOD (figure No. 7) was used as the first antibody.
- Example N ° 9 Preparation of Polyacrylamide gel SDS-PAGE
- the polyacrylamide gels were built on a support for gels, these consist of a gel separator and a concentrator gel, the first was prepared at 12% by mixing 2 ml of a solution of 30% acrylamide, plus 1.3 ml of buffer Tris at pH 8.8 and 0.05 ml of 10% SDS. Polymerization was initiated by adding 0.05 ml of ammonium persulfate and 0.002 ml of EDTA. On the polymerized separating gel, the concentrating gel was added, which was prepared by adding 0.17 ml of the 30% acrylamide solution plus 0.13 ml of Tris-HCl at pH 6.8 and 0.01 ml of SDS at 10. %.
- the staining of the polyacrylamide gel was carried out once the electrophoresis was finished, the gel was stained with a 0.5% Coomassie blue solution plus 45% methanol and 10% acetic acid. Subsequently, the gel was destained with a decolorizing solution containing 10% methanol and 10% acetic acid dissolved in distilled H 2 O.
- Example N ° 10 Western Blot (see figure N ° 9)
- a protein electrophoresis was first performed on a polyacrylamide gel, described in Example No. 9.
- the gel was disassembled and placed on a sheet of nitrocellulose paper of the same size.
- the gel was placed in a support for Western Blot, to introduce it in an electrophoresis chamber, which contained a transfer buffer.
- the operating conditions to carry out the transfer were one hour at 25OmA at room temperature.
- the proteins were transferred to the nitrocellulose paper, the nonspecific sites were blocked, using 5% skim milk dissolved in PBS buffer plus 0.3% Tween 20, then incubated for 12 h at 4 ° C.
- the paper of nitrocellulose was incubated for a period of 3 h with the first monoclonal antibody against diluted SOD, which was in PBS buffer plus 0.03% Tween 20 and 5% skim milk, at room temperature with shaking.
- nitrocellulose paper was washed 3 times for five minutes with PBS buffer and 0.03% Tween 20 under agitation. Then one hour was incubated with a second rabbit anti-mouse IgG antibody labeled with peroxidase, diluted in buffer PBS and 0.03% Tween 20, to wash again under agitation. Finally, the transferred paper was revealed by incubation in a solution containing 10 mg / ml Diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 0.3% hydrogen peroxide in PBS buffer.
- DAB Diaminobenzidine
- Example No. 11 Production of the recombinant Semliki Forest virus
- Semliki Forest virus packaging was carried out within cell line COS-7 (ATCC, CRL 1651), for which it was cotransfected with the RNAs transcribed from the plasmids pSFV4.2-SOD, pSFV-Helper-Capsid S219 and pSFV-Helper-Spike2.
- the transfection was performed through liposomes as described in example No. 7. Subsequently, the transfection mixture was removed and the plate was washed with 2ml of incomplete modified RPMI. Finally, cotransfected cells were incubated in modified complete RPMI medium, for 24 h in a humid atmosphere at 37 ° C with 5% CO 2 .
- the viral particle formed inside the cell COS-7 is released to the culture medium from where it was purified by a gradient of discontinuous sucrose.
- the gradient was prepared in an ultracentrifuge tube, first adding 1 ml of 55% sucrose and then 3 ml of 25% sucrose, on which 9 ml of the culture medium was added.
- the sucrose gradient was subjected to a centrifugation of 135000 rpm for 90 minutes in an ultracentrifuge.
- the culture medium of the gradient surface was carefully removed and 0.8 ml of 55% sucrose was subsequently aspirated from below the tube.
Abstract
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US13/057,620 US20110200667A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Veterinary pharmaceutical formulacion that comprises an rna recombinant particle that encodes for a cu/zn superoxide dismutase protein of ruminant pathogenic bacteria and at least one rna alphavirus belonging to the semliki forest virus family |
BRPI0917956A BRPI0917956A2 (pt) | 2008-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | formulação farmacêutica veterinária que inclui uma partícula recombinante de rna que codifica para uma proteína cu/zn superóxido dismutase de bactérias patogênicas de ruminantes e pelo menos um alfavírus rna pertencente à família do vírus semliki forest |
MX2011001429A MX2011001429A (es) | 2008-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Formulacion farmaceutica veterinaria que comprende una particula recombinante de arn que codifica para una proteina cu/zn superoxido dismutasa de bacterias patogenas de rumiantes y al menos un alfavirus arn perteneciente a la familia del virus semlik |
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CL2008002322A CL2008002322A1 (es) | 2008-08-07 | 2008-08-07 | Formulacion farmaceutica veterinaria que comprende un sistema vectorial viral constituido por una particula recombinante de arn que codifica una cu/zn superoxido dismutasa de la bacteria patogena de bovinos brucella abortus, y al menos un alfavirus arn perteneciente a la familia del virus semliki forest (sfv), util como vacuna. |
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US5824310A (en) * | 1991-10-22 | 1998-10-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Lipopplysaccharide conjugate vaccines |
US6264952B1 (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 2001-07-24 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method for protecting a mammalian host against infection by Brucella |
SE9401091D0 (sv) * | 1994-03-31 | 1994-03-31 | Bioption Ab | Alphavirus cDNA vectors |
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