WO2010009921A1 - Hydraulic vehicle brake system - Google Patents

Hydraulic vehicle brake system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010009921A1
WO2010009921A1 PCT/EP2009/056348 EP2009056348W WO2010009921A1 WO 2010009921 A1 WO2010009921 A1 WO 2010009921A1 EP 2009056348 W EP2009056348 W EP 2009056348W WO 2010009921 A1 WO2010009921 A1 WO 2010009921A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
piston
wheel
booster
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/056348
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dietmar Baumann
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP09779542A priority Critical patent/EP2318246A1/en
Publication of WO2010009921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010009921A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/52—Torque sensing, i.e. wherein the braking action is controlled by forces producing or tending to produce a twisting or rotating motion on a braked rotating member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/165—Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
    • B60T13/165—Master cylinder integrated or hydraulically coupled with booster
    • B60T13/166—Part of the system directly actuated by booster pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
    • B60T13/168—Arrangements for pressure supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
    • B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
    • B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
    • B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
    • B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/08—Self-amplifying or de-amplifying mechanisms
    • F16D2127/085—Self-amplifying or de-amplifying mechanisms having additional fluid pressure elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic vehicle brake system, with a muscle-operated master cylinder, to which one or more wheel brakes are connected, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the master cylinder has a vacuum brake booster to increase the force exerted on a piston of the master cylinder actuating force.
  • a disadvantage of vacuum brake booster is their size. Modern, consumption-optimized petrol and diesel engines sometimes do not provide sufficient negative pressure for a vacuum brake booster. Even with hybrid vehicles powered by electric and internal combustion engine, the use of a vacuum brake booster is problematic or not possible. For electric vehicles, the use of a vacuum brake booster is excluded.
  • the patent US 6,634,724 B2 discloses a muscle-operated master cylinder with electromechanical brake booster.
  • a piston rod which connects a brake pedal with a piston of the master cylinder, a rack.
  • the force is introduced by means of an electric motor via a gear reduction gear.
  • the electric motor electronically controls or regulates an assisting force on the piston rod via the pinion gear and the rack, which adds to the muscle force exerted by the brake pedal to an operating force applied to the piston of the master brake cylinder.
  • the published patent application DE 10 2007 016 250 A1 discloses a hydraulic brake booster which is integrated in a brake caliper of a disk brake, that is to say in a wheel brake.
  • a friction brake lining of the disc brake is displaceable in the direction of rotation of a brake disc in the brake caliper.
  • the friction brake lining is supported on an auxiliary piston against a co-movement with the rotating brake disk. If the friction brake pad is pressed against the rotating brake disc for actuating the disc brake, it generates via the support on the auxiliary piston a hydraulic pressure which acts on a brake piston of the disc brake and thereby increases a clamping force with which the friction brake lining is pressed against the brake disc.
  • the known disc brake can be actuated hydraulically by means of a master brake cylinder.
  • the hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has a muscle-operated, so in particular with a (foot) brake pedal or for example in a motorcycle with a (hand) brake lever actuated master cylinder, to which one or more hydraulically operated brakes are connected.
  • the wheel brakes are in particular disc brakes, but may also be drum brakes or other brake designs.
  • disc brakes of the braked brake body is a brake disc
  • the brake body is a brake drum.
  • one or more friction brake linings of each wheel brake are hydraulically pressed against a respective brake body, for example a brake disk, thereby generating a braking force.
  • the friction brake lining of a wheel brake is movable in the direction of rotation of the brake body and is supported against a co-movement with the rotating brake body on an auxiliary piston. Due to the supporting force of the friction brake lining on the auxiliary piston, the auxiliary piston generates a hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic pressure when the wheel brake is actuated, ie the friction brake pad is pressed against the brake body and the brake body rotates or at least a moment acts on the brake body.
  • the friction brake lining can, for example, be movable in a secant direction to the axis of rotation of the brake body. Other directions of movement are possible. It is essential that a frictional force exerted by the rotating brake body with actuated wheel brake on the friction brake lining pressed against it, the friction brake pad so applied that it generates a hydraulic pressure via the support on the auxiliary piston.
  • the master cylinder of the vehicle brake system has a booster piston, which is not necessarily an additional piston is required, but a piston of the master cylinder can at the same time form the booster piston when it is pressurizable on its back.
  • the booster piston may be arranged in the master cylinder like the other piston or pistons of the master cylinder, which serve the hydraulic pressure generation, but it may also be arranged separately and, for example mechanically or hydraulically operatively connected to a piston of the master cylinder.
  • the booster piston exerts an auxiliary force in the sense of actuating the vehicle brake system on the master brake cylinder or on a piston of the master brake cylinder.
  • the booster piston of the master cylinder communicates with the auxiliary piston of the wheel brake.
  • the auxiliary piston of the wheel brake when the wheel brake is actuated, the auxiliary piston of the wheel brake generates, by the support of the friction brake lining on the auxiliary piston, a hydraulic pressure which acts on the booster piston of the master brake cylinder because the booster piston communicates with the auxiliary piston.
  • the booster piston in turn generates the force applied to the master cylinder or one of its pistons.
  • the assistant adds up to a force exerted on the master cylinder muscle power to the actuating force.
  • the hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention has a brake force boost, which can also be referred to as self-boosting.
  • booster piston and auxiliary piston serves to uniquely identify the respective pistons and their differentiation from other bolts of the vehicle brake system and should not be used to a restrictive interpretation.
  • the wheel brakes of the vehicle brake system according to the invention are in themselves not self-reinforcing, but it can be used hydraulically, mechanically or in any other way self-reinforcing wheel brakes.
  • the wheel brakes of a vehicle axle are either self-reinforcing or not self-reinforcing, whereas the auxiliary piston for brake booster having wheel brake of the vehicle brake system according to the invention is sufficient on only one vehicle.
  • auxiliary piston having wheel brakes are not necessary but possible.
  • the vehicle brake system according to the invention requires no negative pressure for the brake booster. Compared to an electromechanical brake booster, it has the advantage of independence from an electrical power supply. It should also be less susceptible to interference than an electromechanical brake booster. For a possible additional electro-mechanical brake booster the vehicle brake system according to the invention reduces the electrical power consumption and thus the size and weight and the load on the electrical system. Also, no provision must be made for the failure of any additional electromechanical brake booster because of the hydraulic self-boosting of the vehicle brake system according to the invention.
  • auxiliary energy so the hydraulic pressure of the auxiliary piston is transmitted outside of the master cylinder and the wheel brakes connected to it.
  • the vehicle brake system has a braking force control are their hydraulic components such as brake pressure build-up valves and brake pressure lowering valves of the wheel brakes are not influenced by the auxiliary power. This is considered an advantage for the braking force control.
  • Brake force controls are (anti-lock) anti-lock, (drive) slippage, driving dynamics and stability control, often abbreviated ABS, ASR, FDR and ESP.
  • the invention has a more robust construction and the leadership of the friction brake lining in the direction of rotation of the brake body is easier, it does not have to be on a helical path, but as stated, for example, a circular arcuate or a straight guide.
  • Claim 4 provides a valve with which a liquid volume of the booster piston is lockable. As a result, the booster piston and with it the master cylinder can be detected in the actuated position. If the vehicle brake system has an additional electromechanical brake booster, it does not need to be energized to keep the braking force constant after the valve has been closed and is thereby thermally relieved. Theoretically, the realization of a parking or parking brake function is also possible through the valve. Due to a non-excludable creeping hydraulic pressure loss, the parking brake function may not be sufficiently reliable in practice.
  • FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a vehicle brake system according to the invention.
  • the illustrated in the drawing, generally designated 1 hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention has a dual-circuit master cylinder 2, to which via a hydraulic anti-lock and slip control unit 3 wheel brakes 4, 5 are connected.
  • the slip control unit is of a type known per se; for example, the Applicant's ESP system 8.0 can be used, which enables a wheel-specific brake pressure and braking force control.
  • Such anti-lock and slip control devices are known in the art, so that their explanation can be omitted here.
  • the anti-lock and slip control unit 3 is also referred to herein as brake force control.
  • the master cylinder 2 and with it the vehicle brake system 1 is operated by muscle power with a brake pedal 6.
  • a brake lever would be provided as a control element in place of the brake pedal 6.
  • a force sensor 7 a pedal force and a displacement sensor 8
  • a pedal travel of the brake pedal 6 and a piston travel of a primary or rod piston 9 of the master cylinder 2 is measured.
  • the master brake cylinder 2 has an intensifier piston 10, which exerts an auxiliary force in the sense of an actuation force on the master brake cylinder 2 or on a piston 9 of the master brake cylinder 2 in the event of hydraulic pressurization.
  • the booster piston 10 may be a separate piston, possibly in its own cylinder, which is, for example, mechanically operatively connected to the brake pedal 6, a piston rod 11 or a piston 9 of the master cylinder 2 or hydraulically to the master cylinder 2.
  • one of the pistons of the master cylinder 2 at the same time forms the booster piston 10, in the embodiment, it is the rod piston 9.
  • the rod piston 9 is hydraulically pressurized on its rear side facing the brake pedal 6 and is acted upon in the sense of a brake actuation.
  • the wheel brake 5 has a brake piston 12 with which a friction brake lining 13 can be pressed against a brake disk 14 by applying hydraulic pressure to the brake master cylinder 2, so that the brake disk 14 is braked.
  • friction brake lining 13 in the circumferential and rotational direction of the brake disc 14 is not supported, but movable.
  • plunger 15 the friction brake pad 13 is supported on auxiliary piston 16 from.
  • the auxiliary pistons 16 are accommodated in parallel and in a secant direction to the brake disk 14 so as to be displaceable in a brake caliper 17 of the wheel brake (disk brake) 5. There is an auxiliary piston 16 available for each direction of rotation of the brake disc 14.
  • the brake disk 14 exerts a frictional force in its direction of rotation on the friction brake lining 13 pressed against it, if it rotates or a moment is exerted on it.
  • the frictional force exerted by the brake disk 14 on the friction brake lining 13 pressed against it which is as great as the braking force of the wheel brake 5 and directed against it, transmits the friction brake lining 13 via a plunger 15 to an auxiliary piston 16 on which the friction brake lining is located 13 supported against co-movement with the brake disk 14.
  • the friction brake lining 13 is supported on one of the two auxiliary pistons 16, whereas the other auxiliary piston 16 is inoperative.
  • the other auxiliary piston 16 is effective in the opposite direction of rotation of the brake disc 14 in the same way.
  • the two auxiliary pistons 16 communicate with the booster piston 10 of the main
  • the auxiliary piston 16 generates a hydraulic pressure during the brake actuation, which through the amplifier line 18 drives the booster piston 10 of the master brake cylinder 2 in the direction of a brake actuation applied.
  • the pressure generated by the auxiliary piston 16 causes a force acting on the rod piston 9, which is also the booster piston 10, auxiliary power in the sense of a brake application.
  • the assistant adds up to a muscle force which is exerted on the rod piston 9 during a brake operation by depressing the brake pedal 6.
  • the vehicle brake system 1 thus has a hydraulic braking force boost.
  • a special wheel brake 5 is required, the rest of the wheel brakes 4 are of conventional design. It must therefore not even axle-specific wheel brakes 5 are installed, but it is sufficient as I said such a special wheel 5 on a vehicle.
  • axle-specific wheel brakes 5 are installed, but it is sufficient as I said such a special wheel 5 on a vehicle.
  • the invention does not exclude wheel brakes with mechanical, hydraulic or other self-reinforcement, self-reinforcing wheel brakes should be installed axle wise.
  • the vehicle brake system 1 has an electromechanical brake booster 19.
  • the brake booster 19 comprises an electric motor 20, which meshes via a pinion 21 with a toothed rack 22 of the piston rod 11.
  • the pinion 21 and the electric motor 20 may be interposed a reduction gear.
  • Other electromechanical, electromagnetic or other brake boosters are possible.
  • the electromechanical brake booster 19 is not absolutely necessary because of the hydraulic brake booster.
  • the electric motor 20 When energized the electric motor 20 over kung not mandatory.
  • the electric motor 20 via its pinion 21 and the rack 22 exerts a likewise to be designated as an auxiliary force force on the piston rod 11 and on this on the rod piston 9.
  • the auxiliary power generated by the electromechanical brake booster 19 is added to the auxiliary power hydraulically generated by the auxiliary piston 16 of the wheel brake 5 and the muscle force applied to the rod piston 9 by the brake pedal 6 becomes an operating force of the master cylinder 2 acting on the rod piston 9 of the master cylinder 2.
  • the additional electromechanical brake booster 19 is the possibility of influencing or regulating the so-called pedal characteristic.
  • the pedal characteristic is the dependence of the brake pressure generated in the master brake cylinder 2 on the force applied to the brake pedal 6 muscle force, which is measured with the force sensor 7 or the pedal travel, which is measured with the displacement sensor 8. Since the electromechanical brake booster 19 can also act counteracting the actuation force, that is, can reduce the muscular force exerted on the rod piston 9, an inherent pedal characteristic can be realized.
  • a valve 23 is arranged, with which a brake fluid volume on the back of the rod piston 9 in the master cylinder 2 can be locked.
  • the brake fluid volume of the booster piston 10 can be locked in the master cylinder 2.
  • the electric motor 20 of the electromechanical brake booster 19 can be turned off, which can reduce its thermal load and a load on an electrical system of a vehicle equipped with the vehicle brake system 1 motor vehicle.
  • the arranged between the auxiliary piston 16 of the wheel brake 5 and the booster piston 10 of the master cylinder 2 valve is designed as a 2/2-way solenoid valve, which is open in its normally-off normal position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheel brake (5) of a hydraulic vehicle brake system having a friction brake pad (13) that is moveable in a pivoting direction of a brake body (14), said brake pad being supported on an auxiliary piston (16), which communicates with a reinforcing piston (10) of a main brake cylinder (2). Upon actuation of the vehicle brake system (1) the support of the friction brake pad (13) provides a hydraulic pressure on the auxiliary piston (16), which acts upon the reinforcing piston (10) of the main brake cylinder (2) in the sense of a brake actuation, e.g. which increases the braking force. It is sufficient to configure one wheel brake (5) with an auxiliary piston (16); the remaining wheel brakes (4) may be of conventional construction. The invention further provides an electromechanical power brake (19).

Description

Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage Hydraulic vehicle brake system
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage, mit einem muskelkraftbetätigten Hauptbremszylinder, an den eine oder mehrere Radbremsen an- geschlossen sind, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a hydraulic vehicle brake system, with a muscle-operated master cylinder, to which one or more wheel brakes are connected, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
In Kraftwagen sind hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlagen gebräuchlich, deren Hauptbremszylinder einen Unterdruckbremskraftverstärker zur Erhöhung der auf einen Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders ausgeübten Betätigungskraft aufweist. Ein Nachteil von Unterdruckbremskraftverstärkern ist deren Baugröße. Moderne, verbrauchsoptimierte Otto- und Dieselmotoren stellen teilweise keinen ausreichenden Unterdruck für einen Unterdruckbremskraftverstärker zur Verfügung. Auch bei Hybridfahrzeugen mit Antrieb durch Elektro- und Verbrennungsmotor ist der Einsatz eines Unterdruckbremskraftverstärkers problematisch oder nicht möglich. Bei Elektrofahrzeugen ist der Einsatz eines Unterdruckbremskraftver- stärkers ausgeschlossen.In motor vehicle hydraulic vehicle brake systems are used, the master cylinder has a vacuum brake booster to increase the force exerted on a piston of the master cylinder actuating force. A disadvantage of vacuum brake booster is their size. Modern, consumption-optimized petrol and diesel engines sometimes do not provide sufficient negative pressure for a vacuum brake booster. Even with hybrid vehicles powered by electric and internal combustion engine, the use of a vacuum brake booster is problematic or not possible. For electric vehicles, the use of a vacuum brake booster is excluded.
Das Patent US 6,634,724 B2 offenbart einen muskelkraftbetätigten Hauptbremszylinder mit elektromechanischem Bremskraftverstärker. Dazu weist eine Kolbenstange, die ein Bremspedal mit einem Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders verbindet, eine Zahnstange auf. Die Krafteinleitung erfolgt mittels eines Elektromotors über ein Zahnrad-Untersetzungsgetriebe. In Abhängigkeit von einer Pedalkraft übt der Elektromotor über das Zahnradgetriebe und die Zahnstange elektronisch gesteuert oder geregelt eine Hilfskraft auf die Kolbenstange aus, die sich zu der mittels des Bremspedals ausgeübten Muskelkraft zu einer den Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders beaufschlagenden Betätigungskraft addiert. Die Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2007 016 250 A1 offenbart eine hydraulische Bremskraftverstärkung, die in einen Bremssattel einer Scheibenbremse, also in eine Radbremse, integriert ist. Ein Reibbremsbelag der Scheibenbremse ist in Drehrichtung einer Bremsscheibe im Bremssattel verschiebbar. Der Reib- bremsbelag stützt sich an einem Hilfskolben gegen eine Mitbewegung mit der drehenden Bremsscheibe ab. Wird der Reibbremsbelag zur Betätigung der Scheibenbremse gegen die drehende Bremsscheibe gedrückt, erzeugt er über die Abstützung am Hilfskolben einen hydraulischen Druck, der einen Bremskolben der Scheibenbremse beaufschlagt und dadurch eine Spannkraft, mit der der Reibbremsbelag gegen die Bremsscheibe gedrückt wird, erhöht. Die bekannte Scheibenbremse kann hydraulisch mittels eines Hauptbremszylinders betätigbar sein.The patent US 6,634,724 B2 discloses a muscle-operated master cylinder with electromechanical brake booster. For this purpose, a piston rod which connects a brake pedal with a piston of the master cylinder, a rack. The force is introduced by means of an electric motor via a gear reduction gear. In response to a pedaling force, the electric motor electronically controls or regulates an assisting force on the piston rod via the pinion gear and the rack, which adds to the muscle force exerted by the brake pedal to an operating force applied to the piston of the master brake cylinder. The published patent application DE 10 2007 016 250 A1 discloses a hydraulic brake booster which is integrated in a brake caliper of a disk brake, that is to say in a wheel brake. A friction brake lining of the disc brake is displaceable in the direction of rotation of a brake disc in the brake caliper. The friction brake lining is supported on an auxiliary piston against a co-movement with the rotating brake disk. If the friction brake pad is pressed against the rotating brake disc for actuating the disc brake, it generates via the support on the auxiliary piston a hydraulic pressure which acts on a brake piston of the disc brake and thereby increases a clamping force with which the friction brake lining is pressed against the brake disc. The known disc brake can be actuated hydraulically by means of a master brake cylinder.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 weist einen muskelkraftbetätigten, also insbesondere mit einem (Fuß-)Bremspedal oder beispielsweise bei einem Kraftrad mit einem (Hand-)Bremshebel betätigbaren Hauptbremszylinder auf, an den ein oder mehrere hydraulisch betätigte Radbremsen angeschlossen sind. Die Radbremsen sind insbesondere Scheibenbremsen, können allerdings auch Trommelbremsen oder andere Bremsenbauformen sein. Im Falle von Scheibenbremsen ist der bremsbare Bremskörper eine Bremsscheibe, im Falle einer Trommelbremse ist der Bremskörper eine Bremstrommel. Zu einer Betätigung der Fahrzeugbremsanlage wird der Hauptbremszylinder betätigt, der seinerseits die angeschlossenen Radbremsen hydraulisch betätigt. Mit Bremskolben der Radbremsen wird ein oder werden mehrere Reibbremsbeläge jeder Radbremse hydraulisch gegen jeweils einen Bremskörper, beispielsweise eine Bremsscheibe, gedrückt und dadurch eine Bremskraft erzeugt. Der Reibbremsbelag einer Radbremse ist in Drehrichtung des Bremskörpers beweglich und stützt sich gegen eine Mitbewegung mit dem drehenden Bremskörper an einem Hilfskolben ab. Auf Grund der Abstützkraft des Reibbremsbelags am Hilfskolben erzeugt der Hilfskolben einen hydraulischen Druck, einen hydraulischen Druck, wenn die Radbremse betätigt, d. h. der Reib- bremsbelag gegen den Bremskörper gedrückt ist und sich der Bremskörper dreht oder jedenfalls ein Moment auf den Bremskörper wirkt. In Drehrichtung beweglich bedeutet nicht unbedingt auf einer kreisförmigen Bahn um eine Drehachse des Bremskörpers, der Reibbremsbelag kann beispielsweise auch in einer Sekantenrichtung zur Drehachse des Bremskörpers beweglich sein. Auch andere Bewegungsrichtungen sind möglich. Wesentlich ist, dass eine Reibkraft, die der drehende Bremskörper bei betätigter Radbremse auf den gegen ihn gedrückten Reibbremsbelag ausübt, den Reibbremsbelag so beaufschlagt, dass dieser über die Abstützung am Hilfskolben einen hydraulischen Druck erzeugt.The hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has a muscle-operated, so in particular with a (foot) brake pedal or for example in a motorcycle with a (hand) brake lever actuated master cylinder, to which one or more hydraulically operated brakes are connected. The wheel brakes are in particular disc brakes, but may also be drum brakes or other brake designs. In the case of disc brakes of the braked brake body is a brake disc, in the case of a drum brake, the brake body is a brake drum. For actuation of the vehicle brake system of the master cylinder is actuated, which in turn hydraulically actuates the connected wheel brakes. With the brake piston of the wheel brakes, one or more friction brake linings of each wheel brake are hydraulically pressed against a respective brake body, for example a brake disk, thereby generating a braking force. The friction brake lining of a wheel brake is movable in the direction of rotation of the brake body and is supported against a co-movement with the rotating brake body on an auxiliary piston. Due to the supporting force of the friction brake lining on the auxiliary piston, the auxiliary piston generates a hydraulic pressure, a hydraulic pressure when the wheel brake is actuated, ie the friction brake pad is pressed against the brake body and the brake body rotates or at least a moment acts on the brake body. Movable in the direction of rotation does not necessarily mean on a circular path about an axis of rotation of the brake body, the friction brake lining can, for example, be movable in a secant direction to the axis of rotation of the brake body. Other directions of movement are possible. It is essential that a frictional force exerted by the rotating brake body with actuated wheel brake on the friction brake lining pressed against it, the friction brake pad so applied that it generates a hydraulic pressure via the support on the auxiliary piston.
Der Hauptbremszylinder der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugbremsanlage weist einen Verstärkerkolben auf, wozu nicht unbedingt ein zusätzlicher Kolben erforderlich ist, sondern ein Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders zugleich den Verstärkerkolben bilden kann, wenn er auf seiner Rückseite druckbeaufschlagbar ist. Der Verstärkerkolben kann wie der oder die anderen Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders, die der hydraulischen Druckerzeugung dienen, im Hauptbremszylinder angeordnet sein, er kann aber auch separat angeordnet und beispielsweise mechanisch oder hydraulisch mit einem Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders wirkverbunden sein. Bei einer hydraulischen Druckbeaufschlagung übt der Verstärker- kolben eine Hilfskraft im Sinne einer Betätigung der Fahrzeugbremsanlage auf den Hauptbremszylinder bzw. einen Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders aus. Der Verstärkerkolben des Hauptbremszylinders kommuniziert mit dem Hilfskolben der Radbremse. Wie erläutert, erzeugt der Hilfskolben der Radbremse bei betätigter Radbremse durch die Abstützung des Reibbremsbelags am Hilfskolben einen hydraulischen Druck, der den Verstärkerkolben des Hauptbremszylinders beaufschlagt, weil der Verstärkerkolben mit dem Hilfskolben kommuniziert. Der Verstärkerkolben seinerseits erzeugt die auf den Hauptbremszylinder oder einen seiner Kolben ausgeübte Hilfskraft. Die Hilfskraft addiert sich zu einer auf den Hauptbremszylinder ausgeübten Muskelkraft zur Betätigungskraft. Auf diese Wei- se weist die erfindungsgemäße hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage eine Brems- kraftverstärkung auf, die auch als Selbstverstärkung bezeichnet werden kann.The master cylinder of the vehicle brake system according to the invention has a booster piston, which is not necessarily an additional piston is required, but a piston of the master cylinder can at the same time form the booster piston when it is pressurizable on its back. The booster piston may be arranged in the master cylinder like the other piston or pistons of the master cylinder, which serve the hydraulic pressure generation, but it may also be arranged separately and, for example mechanically or hydraulically operatively connected to a piston of the master cylinder. When a hydraulic pressure is applied, the booster piston exerts an auxiliary force in the sense of actuating the vehicle brake system on the master brake cylinder or on a piston of the master brake cylinder. The booster piston of the master cylinder communicates with the auxiliary piston of the wheel brake. As explained, when the wheel brake is actuated, the auxiliary piston of the wheel brake generates, by the support of the friction brake lining on the auxiliary piston, a hydraulic pressure which acts on the booster piston of the master brake cylinder because the booster piston communicates with the auxiliary piston. The booster piston in turn generates the force applied to the master cylinder or one of its pistons. The assistant adds up to a force exerted on the master cylinder muscle power to the actuating force. In this way For example, the hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention has a brake force boost, which can also be referred to as self-boosting.
Die Bezeichnung als Verstärkerkolben und als Hilfskolben dient der eindeutigen Bezeichnung der jeweiligen Kolben und ihrer Unterscheidung von anderen KoI- ben der Fahrzeugbremsanlage und soll nicht zu einer einschränkenden Auslegung verwendet werden.The designation as booster piston and as auxiliary piston serves to uniquely identify the respective pistons and their differentiation from other bolts of the vehicle brake system and should not be used to a restrictive interpretation.
Die Radbremsen der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugbremsanlage sind an sich nicht selbstverstärkend, es können allerdings hydraulisch, mechanisch oder in sonstiger Weise selbstverstärkende Radbremsen verwendet werden. In diesem Fall sind allerdings die Radbremsen einer Fahrzeugachse entweder selbstverstärkend oder nicht selbstverstärkend vorzusehen, wogegen die den Hilfskolben zur Bremskraftverstärkung aufweisende Radbremse der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugbremsanlage an nur einem Fahrzeugrad genügt. Mehrere solche Hilfskolben aufweisende Radbremsen sind nicht notwendig aber möglich.The wheel brakes of the vehicle brake system according to the invention are in themselves not self-reinforcing, but it can be used hydraulically, mechanically or in any other way self-reinforcing wheel brakes. In this case, however, the wheel brakes of a vehicle axle are either self-reinforcing or not self-reinforcing, whereas the auxiliary piston for brake booster having wheel brake of the vehicle brake system according to the invention is sufficient on only one vehicle. Several such auxiliary piston having wheel brakes are not necessary but possible.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugbremsanlage benötigt keinen Unterdruck zur Bremskraftverstärkung. Gegenüber einer elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkung hat sie den Vorteil der Unabhängigkeit von einer elektrischen Energieversorgung. Sie dürfte auch weniger störanfällig als eine elektro- mechanische Bremskraftverstärkung sein. Für eine etwaige zusätzliche elektro- mechanische Bremskraftverstärkung verringert die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugbremsanlage die elektrische Stromaufnahme und damit deren Baugröße und Gewicht sowie die Belastung des elektrischen Bordnetzes. Auch muss keine Vorsorge für den Ausfall einer etwaigen zusätzlichen elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkung getroffen werden wegen der hydraulischen Selbstverstärkung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugbremsanlage.The vehicle brake system according to the invention requires no negative pressure for the brake booster. Compared to an electromechanical brake booster, it has the advantage of independence from an electrical power supply. It should also be less susceptible to interference than an electromechanical brake booster. For a possible additional electro-mechanical brake booster the vehicle brake system according to the invention reduces the electrical power consumption and thus the size and weight and the load on the electrical system. Also, no provision must be made for the failure of any additional electromechanical brake booster because of the hydraulic self-boosting of the vehicle brake system according to the invention.
Eine Hilfsenergie, also der hydraulische Druck des Hilfskolbens, wird außerhalb des Hauptbremszylinders und der an ihn angeschlossenen Radbremsen übertragen. Sofern die Fahrzeugbremsanlage eine Bremskraftregelung aufweist, werden deren hydraulische Komponenten wie Bremsdruckaufbauventile und Brems- druckabsenkventile der Radbremsen nicht von der Hilfsenergie beeinflusst. Das wird als Vorteil für die Bremskraftregelung angesehen. Bremskraftregelungen sind (Brems-)Blockierschutz-, (Antriebs-)Schlupf-, Fahrdynamik- und Stabilitäts- regelungen, die vielfach mit ABS, ASR, FDR und ESP abgekürzt werden.An auxiliary energy, so the hydraulic pressure of the auxiliary piston is transmitted outside of the master cylinder and the wheel brakes connected to it. If the vehicle brake system has a braking force control are their hydraulic components such as brake pressure build-up valves and brake pressure lowering valves of the wheel brakes are not influenced by the auxiliary power. This is considered an advantage for the braking force control. Brake force controls are (anti-lock) anti-lock, (drive) slippage, driving dynamics and stability control, often abbreviated ABS, ASR, FDR and ESP.
Im Vergleich mit einer mechanischen Selbstverstärkung hat die Erfindung einen robusteren Aufbau und die Führung des Reibbremsbelags in Drehrichtung des Bremskörpers ist einfacher, sie muss nicht auf einer schraubenlinienförmigen Bahn erfolgen, sondern kann wie ausgeführt beispielsweise eine kreis- bogenförmige oder eine Geradführung sein.In comparison with a mechanical self-reinforcement, the invention has a more robust construction and the leadership of the friction brake lining in the direction of rotation of the brake body is easier, it does not have to be on a helical path, but as stated, for example, a circular arcuate or a straight guide.
Die Unteransprüche haben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung zum Gegenstand. Anspruch 4 sieht ein Ventil vor, mit dem ein Flüssigkeitsvolumen des Verstärkerkolbens einsperrbar ist. Dadurch ist der Verstärkerkolben und mit ihm der Hauptbremszylinder in betätigter Stellung feststellbar. Weist die Fahrzeugbremsanlage einen zusätzlichen elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärker auf, braucht dieser zum Konstanthalten der Bremskraft nach Schließen des Ventils nicht bestromt werden und wird dadurch thermisch entlastet. Theoretisch ist durch das Ventil auch die Verwirklichung einer Park- oder Feststellbremsfunktion möglich. Wegen eines nicht ausschließbaren schleichenden hydraulischen Druckverlusts ist die Parkbremsfunktion für die Praxis möglicherweise nicht genügend zuverlässig.The dependent claims have advantageous refinements and developments of the invention specified in claim 1 to the subject. Claim 4 provides a valve with which a liquid volume of the booster piston is lockable. As a result, the booster piston and with it the master cylinder can be detected in the actuated position. If the vehicle brake system has an additional electromechanical brake booster, it does not need to be energized to keep the braking force constant after the valve has been closed and is thereby thermally relieved. Theoretically, the realization of a parking or parking brake function is also possible through the valve. Due to a non-excludable creeping hydraulic pressure loss, the parking brake function may not be sufficiently reliable in practice.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description of the drawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugbremsanlage. Ausführungsformen der ErfindungThe invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a vehicle brake system according to the invention. Embodiments of the invention
Die in der Zeichnung dargestellte, insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnete hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage gemäß der Erfindung weist einen Zweikreis-Hauptbremszylinder 2 auf, an den über eine hydraulische Blockierschutz- und Schlupf- regeleinheit 3 Radbremsen 4, 5 angeschlossen sind. Die Schlupfregeleinheit ist von an sich bekannter Bauart, es kann beispielsweise das ESP-System 8.0 der Anmelderin Verwendung finden, das eine radindividuelle Bremsdruck- und Bremskraftregelung ermöglicht. Solche Blockierschutz- und Schlupfregeleinrichtungen sind dem Fachmann bekannt, so dass hier auf ihre Erläuterung verzichtet werden kann. Die Blockierschutz- und Schlupfregeleinheit 3 wird hier auch als Bremskraftregelung bezeichnet.The illustrated in the drawing, generally designated 1 hydraulic vehicle brake system according to the invention has a dual-circuit master cylinder 2, to which via a hydraulic anti-lock and slip control unit 3 wheel brakes 4, 5 are connected. The slip control unit is of a type known per se; for example, the Applicant's ESP system 8.0 can be used, which enables a wheel-specific brake pressure and braking force control. Such anti-lock and slip control devices are known in the art, so that their explanation can be omitted here. The anti-lock and slip control unit 3 is also referred to herein as brake force control.
Der Hauptbremszylinder 2 und mit ihm die Fahrzeugbremsanlage 1 wird per Muskelkraft mit einem Bremspedal 6 betätigt. Bei einer Handbremse wäre ein Bremshebel als Bedienelement an Stelle des Bremspedals 6 vorgesehen. Mit einem Kraftsensor 7 wird eine Pedalkraft und mit einem Wegsensor 8 ein Pedalweg des Bremspedals 6 bzw. ein Kolbenweg eines Primär- oder Stangenkolbens 9 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 gemessen.The master cylinder 2 and with it the vehicle brake system 1 is operated by muscle power with a brake pedal 6. In a handbrake a brake lever would be provided as a control element in place of the brake pedal 6. With a force sensor 7, a pedal force and a displacement sensor 8, a pedal travel of the brake pedal 6 and a piston travel of a primary or rod piston 9 of the master cylinder 2 is measured.
Der Hauptbremszylinder 2 weist einen Verstärkerkolben 10 auf, der bei einer hydraulischen Druckbeaufschlagung eine Hilfskraft im Sinne einer Be- tätigungskraft auf den Hauptbremszylinder 2 bzw. auf einen Kolben 9 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 ausübt. Der Verstärkerkolben 10 kann ein eigener Kolben, evtl. in einem eigenen Zylinder sein, der beispielsweise mechanisch mit dem Bremspedal 6, einer Kolbenstange 11 oder einem Kolben 9 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 oder auch hydraulisch mit dem Hauptbremszylinder 2 wirkverbunden ist. Im dar- gestellten Ausführungsbeispiel bildet einer der Kolben des Hauptbremszylinders 2 zugleich auch den Verstärkerkolben 10, im Ausführungsbeispiel ist es der Stangenkolben 9. Der Stangenkolben 9 ist auf seiner dem Bremspedal 6 zugewandten Rückseite hydraulisch mit Druck beaufschlagbar und wird dabei im Sinne einer Bremsbetätigung beaufschlagt. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Radbremsen 4, 5 hydraulische Scheibenbremsen, wobei mit Ausnahme einer Radbremse 5 die übrigen Radbremsen 4 herkömmlicher Bauart sind und hier nicht erläutert werden brauchen. Wie auch die übrigen Radbremsen 4 weist die Radbremse 5 einen Bremskolben 12 auf, mit dem durch hydraulische Druckbeaufschlagung durch Betätigung des Hauptbremszylinders 2 ein Reibbremsbelag 13 gegen eine Bremsscheibe 14 drückbar ist, so dass die Bremsscheibe 14 gebremst wird. Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Scheibenbremsen ist der mit dem Bremskolben 12 gegen die Bremsscheibe 14 drückbare Reibbremsbelag 13 in Umfangs- und Drehrichtung der Bremsscheibe 14 nicht abgestützt, sondern beweglich. Über Stößel 15 stützt sich der Reibbremsbelag 13 an Hilfskolben 16 ab. Die Hilfskol- ben 16 sind parallel und in einer Sekantenrichtung zur Bremsscheibe 14 verschiebbar in einem Bremssattel 17 der Radbremse (Scheibenbremse) 5 aufgenommen. Es ist für jede Drehrichtung der Bremsscheibe 14 ein Hilfskolben 16 vorhanden.The master brake cylinder 2 has an intensifier piston 10, which exerts an auxiliary force in the sense of an actuation force on the master brake cylinder 2 or on a piston 9 of the master brake cylinder 2 in the event of hydraulic pressurization. The booster piston 10 may be a separate piston, possibly in its own cylinder, which is, for example, mechanically operatively connected to the brake pedal 6, a piston rod 11 or a piston 9 of the master cylinder 2 or hydraulically to the master cylinder 2. In the illustrated embodiment, one of the pistons of the master cylinder 2 at the same time forms the booster piston 10, in the embodiment, it is the rod piston 9. The rod piston 9 is hydraulically pressurized on its rear side facing the brake pedal 6 and is acted upon in the sense of a brake actuation. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the wheel brakes 4, 5 hydraulic disc brakes, with the exception of a wheel brake 5, the remaining wheel brakes 4 are conventional design and need not be explained here. Like the other wheel brakes 4, the wheel brake 5 has a brake piston 12 with which a friction brake lining 13 can be pressed against a brake disk 14 by applying hydraulic pressure to the brake master cylinder 2, so that the brake disk 14 is braked. In contrast to conventional disc brakes can be pressed with the brake piston 12 against the brake disk 14 friction brake lining 13 in the circumferential and rotational direction of the brake disc 14 is not supported, but movable. About plunger 15, the friction brake pad 13 is supported on auxiliary piston 16 from. The auxiliary pistons 16 are accommodated in parallel and in a secant direction to the brake disk 14 so as to be displaceable in a brake caliper 17 of the wheel brake (disk brake) 5. There is an auxiliary piston 16 available for each direction of rotation of the brake disc 14.
Wird bei einer Bremsbetätigung der Reibbremsbelag 13 vom Bremskolben 12 gegen die Bremsscheibe 14 gedrückt, übt die Bremsscheibe 14, sofern sie sich dreht oder ein Moment auf sie ausgeübt wird, eine Reibkraft in ihrer Drehrichtung auf den gegen sie gedrückten Reibbremsbelag 13 aus. Die von der Brems- scheibe 14 auf den gegen sie gedrückten Reibbremsbelag 13 ausgeübte Reibkraft, die so groß wie die Bremskraft der Radbremse 5 und ihr entgegen gerichtet ist, überträgt der Reibbremsbelag 13 über einen Stößel 15 auf einen Hilfskolben 16, an dem sich der Reibbremsbelag 13 gegen Mitbewegung mit der Bremsscheibe 14 abstützt. Abhängig von der Drehrichtung der Bremsscheibe 14 stützt sich der Reibbremsbelag 13 an einem der beiden Hilfskolben 16 ab, wogegen der andere Hilfskolben 16 außer Funktion ist. Der andere Hilfskolben 16 ist bei entgegen gesetzter Drehrichtung der Bremsscheibe 14 in gleicher Weise wirksam.If the friction brake lining 13 is pressed against the brake disk 14 by the brake piston 12 during a braking operation, the brake disk 14 exerts a frictional force in its direction of rotation on the friction brake lining 13 pressed against it, if it rotates or a moment is exerted on it. The frictional force exerted by the brake disk 14 on the friction brake lining 13 pressed against it, which is as great as the braking force of the wheel brake 5 and directed against it, transmits the friction brake lining 13 via a plunger 15 to an auxiliary piston 16 on which the friction brake lining is located 13 supported against co-movement with the brake disk 14. Depending on the direction of rotation of the brake disk 14, the friction brake lining 13 is supported on one of the two auxiliary pistons 16, whereas the other auxiliary piston 16 is inoperative. The other auxiliary piston 16 is effective in the opposite direction of rotation of the brake disc 14 in the same way.
Durch eine Bremsleitung, die hier als Verstärkerleitung 18 bezeichnet wird, kom- munizieren die beiden Hilfskolben 16 mit dem Verstärkerkolben 10 des Haupt- bremszylinders 2, also mit der Rückseite des Stangenkolbens 9. Durch die Abstützung des Reibbremsbelags 13 am Hilfskolben 16 erzeugt der Hilfskolben 16 bei einer Bremsbetätigung wie erläutert einen hydraulischen Druck, der durch die Verstärkerleitung 18 den Verstärkerkolben 10 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 im Sin- ne einer Bremsbetätigung beaufschlagt. Der vom Hilfskolben 16 erzeugte Druck bewirkt eine auf den Stangenkolben 9, der zugleich der Verstärkerkolben 10 ist, wirkende Hilfskraft im Sinne einer Bremsbetätigung. Die Hilfskraft addiert sich zu einer Muskelkraft, die bei einer Bremsbetätigung durch Niedertreten des Bremspedals 6 auf den Stangenkolben 9 ausgeübt wird. Die Summe der auf den Stan- genkolben 9 ausgeübten Muskelkraft und der Hilfskraft bilden eine Betätigungskraft, mit der der Hauptbremszylinder 2 betätigt wird. Die mit dem Hilfskolben 16 erzeugte Hilfskraft erhöht den hydraulischen Druck im Hauptbremszylinder 2 und in den Radbremsen 4, 5 und bewirkt somit eine Bremskraftverstärkung. Die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugbremsanlage 1 weist somit eine hydraulische Brems- kraftverstärkung auf. Dazu ist nur eine spezielle Radbremse 5 erforderlich, die übrigen Radbremsen 4 sind herkömmlicher Bauart. Es müssen also nicht einmal achsweise die speziellen Radbremsen 5 verbaut werden, sondern es genügt wie gesagt eine solche spezielle Radbremse 5 an einem Fahrzeugrad. Selbstverständlich sind auch mehrere spezielle Radbremsen 5 möglich. Die Erfindung schließt Radbremsen mit mechanischer, hydraulischer oder sonstiger Selbstverstärkung nicht aus, wobei selbstverstärkende Radbremsen achsweise verbaut werden sollten.Through a brake line, which is referred to here as amplifier line 18, the two auxiliary pistons 16 communicate with the booster piston 10 of the main As a result of the support of the friction brake lining 13 on the auxiliary piston 16, the auxiliary piston 16 generates a hydraulic pressure during the brake actuation, which through the amplifier line 18 drives the booster piston 10 of the master brake cylinder 2 in the direction of a brake actuation applied. The pressure generated by the auxiliary piston 16 causes a force acting on the rod piston 9, which is also the booster piston 10, auxiliary power in the sense of a brake application. The assistant adds up to a muscle force which is exerted on the rod piston 9 during a brake operation by depressing the brake pedal 6. The sum of the force exerted on the rod piston 9 muscle force and the auxiliary force form an actuating force with which the master cylinder 2 is actuated. The auxiliary power generated by the auxiliary piston 16 increases the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder 2 and in the wheel brakes 4, 5 and thus causes a brake booster. The vehicle brake system 1 according to the invention thus has a hydraulic braking force boost. For this purpose, only a special wheel brake 5 is required, the rest of the wheel brakes 4 are of conventional design. It must therefore not even axle-specific wheel brakes 5 are installed, but it is sufficient as I said such a special wheel 5 on a vehicle. Of course, several special wheel brakes 5 are possible. The invention does not exclude wheel brakes with mechanical, hydraulic or other self-reinforcement, self-reinforcing wheel brakes should be installed axle wise.
Zusätzlich zur hydraulischen Selbstverstärkung mit den Hilfskolben 16 einer der Radbremsen 5 weist die Fahrzeugbremsanlage 1 eine elektromechanische Bremskraftverstärkung 19 auf. Die Bremskraftverstärkung 19 umfasst einen Elektromotor 20, der über ein Ritzel 21 mit einer Zahnstange 22 der Kolbenstange 11 kämmt. Dem Ritzel 21 und dem Elektromotor 20 kann ein Untersetzungsgetriebe zwischengeschaltet sein. Auch sind andere elektromechanische, elektromagnetische oder sonstige Bremskraftverstärkungen möglich. Zudem ist die elektrome- chanische Bremskraftverstärkung 19 wegen der hydraulischen Bremskraftverstärkung nicht zwingend erforderlich. Bei Bestromen übt der Elektromotor 20 über kung nicht zwingend erforderlich. Bei Bestromen übt der Elektromotor 20 über sein Ritzel 21 und die Zahnstange 22 eine ebenfalls als Hilfskraft zu bezeichnende Kraft auf die Kolbenstange 11 und über diese auf den Stangenkolben 9 aus. Die von der elektromechanischen Bremsverstärkung 19 erzeugte Hilfskraft ad- diert sich zur mit dem Hilfskolben 16 der Radbremse 5 hydraulisch erzeugten Hilfskraft und der mit dem Bremspedal 6 auf den Stangenkolben 9 ausgeübten Muskelkraft zu einer auf den Stangenkolben 9 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 wirkenden Betätigungskraft des Hauptbremszylinders 2.In addition to the hydraulic self-boosting with the auxiliary piston 16 of one of the wheel brakes 5, the vehicle brake system 1 has an electromechanical brake booster 19. The brake booster 19 comprises an electric motor 20, which meshes via a pinion 21 with a toothed rack 22 of the piston rod 11. The pinion 21 and the electric motor 20 may be interposed a reduction gear. Other electromechanical, electromagnetic or other brake boosters are possible. In addition, the electromechanical brake booster 19 is not absolutely necessary because of the hydraulic brake booster. When energized the electric motor 20 over kung not mandatory. When energized, the electric motor 20 via its pinion 21 and the rack 22 exerts a likewise to be designated as an auxiliary force force on the piston rod 11 and on this on the rod piston 9. The auxiliary power generated by the electromechanical brake booster 19 is added to the auxiliary power hydraulically generated by the auxiliary piston 16 of the wheel brake 5 and the muscle force applied to the rod piston 9 by the brake pedal 6 becomes an operating force of the master cylinder 2 acting on the rod piston 9 of the master cylinder 2.
Ein Vorteil der zusätzlichen elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkung 19 ist die Möglichkeit, die sog. Pedalcharakteristik zu beeinflussen bzw. zu regeln. Die Pedalcharakteristik ist die Abhängigkeit des im Hauptbremszylinder 2 erzeugten Bremsdrucks von der auf das Bremspedal 6 ausgeübten Muskelkraft, die mit dem Kraftsensor 7 gemessen wird oder vom Pedalweg, der mit dem Wegsensor 8 gemessen wird. Da die elektromechanische Bremskraftverstärkung 19 auch der Be- tätigungskraft entgegen gerichtet wirken, also die auf den Stangenkolben 9 ausgeübte Muskelkraft verringern kann, lässt sich eine an sich beliebige Pedalcharakteristik verwirklichen.One advantage of the additional electromechanical brake booster 19 is the possibility of influencing or regulating the so-called pedal characteristic. The pedal characteristic is the dependence of the brake pressure generated in the master brake cylinder 2 on the force applied to the brake pedal 6 muscle force, which is measured with the force sensor 7 or the pedal travel, which is measured with the displacement sensor 8. Since the electromechanical brake booster 19 can also act counteracting the actuation force, that is, can reduce the muscular force exerted on the rod piston 9, an inherent pedal characteristic can be realized.
In der Verstärkerleitung 18 ist ein Ventil 23 angeordnet, mit dem sich ein Bremsflüssigkeitsvolumen auf der Rückseite des Stangenkolbens 9 im Hauptbrems- zylinder 2 einsperren lässt. Anders ausgedrückt lässt sich durch Schließen des Ventils 23 das Bremsflüssigkeitsvolumen des Verstärkerkolbens 10 im Hauptbremszylinder 2 einsperren. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der Verstärkerkolben 10 unbeweglich im Hauptbremszylinder 2 feststellen, so dass eine aufgebrachte Bremskraft aufrecht erhalten wird. Der Elektromotor 20 der elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkung 19 kann ausgeschaltet werden, wodurch seine thermische Belastung und eine Belastung eines elektrischen Bordnetzes eines mit der Fahrzeugbremsanlage 1 ausgerüsteten Kraftfahrzeugs verringern lässt.In the amplifier line 18, a valve 23 is arranged, with which a brake fluid volume on the back of the rod piston 9 in the master cylinder 2 can be locked. In other words, by closing the valve 23, the brake fluid volume of the booster piston 10 can be locked in the master cylinder 2. In this way, the booster piston 10 immovably in the master cylinder 2 notice so that an applied braking force is maintained. The electric motor 20 of the electromechanical brake booster 19 can be turned off, which can reduce its thermal load and a load on an electrical system of a vehicle equipped with the vehicle brake system 1 motor vehicle.
Wegen der hydraulischen Bremskraftverstärkung mit dem Hilfskolben 16 genügt ein verhältnismäßig kleiner, leichter und leistungsschwacher Elektromotor 20 für die elektromechanische Bremskraftverstärkung 19. Auch eine andere Art der Bremskraftverstärkung an Stelle der elektromechanischen Bremskraftverstärkung 19 kann wegen der hydraulischen Bremskraftverstärkung klein, leicht und mit niedriger Hilfskraft ausgebildet sein (nicht dargestellt).Because of the hydraulic brake booster with the auxiliary piston 16 is sufficient, a relatively smaller, lighter and low-power electric motor 20 for the electromechanical brake booster 19. Also, another type of brake booster instead of the electro-mechanical brake booster 19 may be small, light, and low-powered because of the hydraulic brake booster (not shown).
Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das zwischen den Hilfs- kolben 16 der Radbremse 5 und dem Verstärkerkolben 10 des Hauptbremszylinders 2 angeordnete Ventil als 2/2-Wege-Magnetventil ausgebildet, das in seiner stromlosen Grundstellung offen ist. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the arranged between the auxiliary piston 16 of the wheel brake 5 and the booster piston 10 of the master cylinder 2 valve is designed as a 2/2-way solenoid valve, which is open in its normally-off normal position.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage, mit einem muskelkraftbetätigten Hauptbremszylinder (2), an den eine Radbremse (5) angeschlossen ist, deren Reibbremsbelag (13) zur Erzeugung einer Bremskraft durch Betätigung des Hauptbremszylinders (2) hydraulisch gegen einen Bremskörper (14) drückbar ist, wobei der Reibbremsbelag (13) in Drehrichtung des Bremskörpers (14) beweglich ist und sich gegen eine Mitbewegung mit dem drehenden Bremskörper (14) an einem Hilfskolben (16) abstützt, der bei betätigter Radbremse (5) und drehendem Bremskörper (14) einen hydraulischen Druck erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptbremszylinder (2) einen Verstärkerkolben (10) aufweist, der bei einer hydraulischen Druckbeaufschlagung eine Hilfskraft auf den Hauptbremszylinder (2) ausübt, und dass der Verstärkerkolben (10) des Hauptbremszylinders (2) mit dem Hilfskolben (16) der Radbremse (5) kommuniziert.1. Hydraulic vehicle brake system, with a muscle-operated master cylinder (2) to which a wheel brake (5) is connected, the Reibbremsbelag (13) for generating a braking force by pressing the master cylinder (2) is hydraulically pressed against a brake body (14) the friction brake lining (13) is movable in the direction of rotation of the brake body (14) and is supported against a co-movement with the rotating brake body (14) on an auxiliary piston (16) which, when the wheel brake (5) and the brake body (14) are actuated, bears a hydraulic pressure characterized in that the master brake cylinder (2) has an intensifier piston (10) which exerts an auxiliary force on the master brake cylinder (2) during hydraulic pressurization, and in that the booster piston (10) of the master brake cylinder (2) engages with the auxiliary piston (16 ) of the wheel brake (5) communicates.
2. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Radbremse (5) für jede Drehrichtung des Bremskörpers (14) einen Hilfskolben (16) aufweist, an dem sich der Reibbremsbelag (13) bei betätigter Radbremse (5) abhängig von der Drehrichtung des Bremskörpers (14) abstützt und der mit dem Verstärkerkolben (10) des Hauptbremszylinders (2) kommuniziert.2. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel brake (5) for each direction of rotation of the brake body (14) has an auxiliary piston (16) on which the friction brake lining (13) with actuated wheel brake (5) depends on the direction of rotation of the brake body (14) is supported and which communicates with the booster piston (10) of the master cylinder (2).
3. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fahrzeugbremsanlage (1 ) weitere Radbremsen (4) aufweist, die an den Hauptbremszylinder (2) angeschlossen sind, aber keinen Hilfskolben aufweisen, der mit dem Verstärkerkolben (10) des Hauptbremszylinders (2) kommuniziert.3. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle brake system (1) further wheel brakes (4) which are connected to the master cylinder (2), but have no auxiliary piston communicating with the booster piston (10) of the master cylinder (2).
4. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fahrzeugbremsanlage (1 ) ein Ventil (23) auf- weist, mit dem ein Bremsflüssigkeitsvolumen des Verstärkerkolbens (10) einsperrbar ist.4. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle brake system (1) has a valve (23) up, with a brake fluid volume of the booster piston (10) is lockable.
5. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptbremszylinder (2) eine elektromechani- sche Bremskraftverstärkung (19) aufweist.5. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the master brake cylinder (2) has an electromechanical brake booster (19).
6. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Radbremse/n 4, 5 eine Scheibenbremse/n ist/sind.6. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wheel brake / n 4, 5 is a disc brake / n is / are.
7. Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fahrzeugbremsanlage (1 ) eine Bremskraftregelung (3) aufweist. 7. Hydraulic vehicle brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle brake system (1) has a brake force control (3).
PCT/EP2009/056348 2008-07-22 2009-05-26 Hydraulic vehicle brake system WO2010009921A1 (en)

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EP2734427B1 (en) * 2011-07-18 2018-11-07 Robert Bosch GmbH Brake assist device for a motor vehicle
CN103950442B (en) * 2014-04-14 2016-05-18 同济大学 The mechanical electronic brake fluid system of adjustable lever fulcrum

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US3044580A (en) * 1957-04-17 1962-07-17 Dunlop Rubber Co Braking system
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