WO2010007759A1 - Système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010007759A1
WO2010007759A1 PCT/JP2009/003290 JP2009003290W WO2010007759A1 WO 2010007759 A1 WO2010007759 A1 WO 2010007759A1 JP 2009003290 W JP2009003290 W JP 2009003290W WO 2010007759 A1 WO2010007759 A1 WO 2010007759A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat medium
fuel cell
heat
path
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2009/003290
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
中村彰成
行正章典
小原英夫
浦田隆行
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
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Priority to JP2010520765A priority Critical patent/JPWO2010007759A1/ja
Publication of WO2010007759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010007759A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a configuration of a fuel cell system.
  • the fuel cell system generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction between fuel gas and oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell from outside, collects the heat generated by the reaction, stores it as hot water, and stores this hot water to the outside.
  • This system is used effectively for heat supply.
  • Such a fuel cell system is grid-connected to a grid power source, and the power generated by the fuel cell or the like and the power from the grid power source are supplied to an external power load (for example, household power load).
  • the fuel cells that make up the fuel cell system have a slow output change (following) speed due to load fluctuations of the external power load, so the total power consumption of all devices that receive power supply from the cogeneration system is output from the cogeneration system. If the output power is lower than the output power, surplus power is generated, and a reverse power flow to the system power supply occurs.
  • a fuel cell system is known in which surplus power is converted into heat by a heater and used effectively (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • the fuel cell system 200 disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a fuel cell 201, a cooling water channel 202, a heat exchanger 203, a hot water tank 204, a hot water channel 205, and heating elements 206 and 207. It has.
  • a cooling water channel 202 is connected to the fuel cell 201, and a hot water channel 205 is connected to the hot water tank 204.
  • the heat exchanger 203 is configured so that the heat exchanger 203 can exchange heat between the cooling water flowing through the cooling water flow path 202 and the hot water flowing through the hot water flow path 205. It is provided so as to straddle.
  • the cooling water channel 202 is provided with a cooling water pump 208, while the warm water channel 205 is provided with an exhaust heat recovery water pump 209. Furthermore, heating elements 206 and 207 are provided in the cooling water passage 202 and the hot water passage 205, respectively.
  • the conventional fuel cell system has a (cooling) water tank that stores cooling water flowing through the cooling water flow path, and the water tank is located downstream of the heat exchanger in order to efficiently recover heat.
  • a (cooling) water tank that stores cooling water flowing through the cooling water flow path, and the water tank is located downstream of the heat exchanger in order to efficiently recover heat.
  • JP 2006-12564 A Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-213985
  • the hot water flowing through the hot water flow path 205 is changed into the cooling water rapidly heated by the heat exchanger 203, and in some cases, the boiling cooling water and
  • the hot water heated excessively than usual and overheated may be supplied to the hot water tank 204.
  • the hot water that has been overheated is stored in the hot water storage tank, when the hot water in the hot water storage tank 204 is supplied to the outside, the temperature is reduced to the optimum temperature desired by the user even if the temperature is lowered by mixing with city water. Does not decrease, hot hot water is supplied, and the user may be burned.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the heat medium exemplified by the cooling water or the like for cooling the fuel cell has a surplus power heater that causes the cooling water to flow from the surplus power heater due to a sudden fluctuation in surplus power. Even if gas is generated from the cooling water as described above, the heat exchange in the heat exchanger is more stable than before due to rapid heating, excessive temperature rise, and in some cases boiling.
  • a first object is to provide a fuel cell system that can be used.
  • the present invention provides a second heat medium exemplified by the warm water by suppressing the supply of the heat medium that has been heated rapidly, and in some cases, the boiled heat medium to the heat exchanger.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system that can be operated safely while suppressing the supply to a heat accumulator exemplified by the hot water storage tank while the temperature is raised.
  • a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a first heat medium path through which a first heat medium that cools the fuel cell flows, and a second heat medium.
  • a second heat medium path that flows, the first heat medium that is provided across the first heat medium path and the second heat medium path, and flows through the first heat medium path;
  • a heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the second heat medium flowing through the second heat medium path, and heating the first heat medium that has cooled the fuel cell before flowing into the heat exchanger
  • a surplus power heater that consumes surplus power of the fuel cell, and a tank that is provided in the first heat medium path and stores the first heat medium, wherein the tank is heated by the surplus power heater.
  • the first heat medium and the first heat medium in the tank are mixed.
  • the first heat medium heated by the surplus power heater is excessively heated, or in some cases, boiling, so that dissolved oxygen in the cooling water is vaporized, Even if gas is generated by steaming, the possibility that the flow rate of the first heat medium becomes unstable due to gas retention in the first heat medium path is suppressed, and the heat exchanger is stable with the second heat medium. Heat exchange takes place. Further, the first heat medium that has been heated rapidly, and in some cases, the first heat medium that has boiled is mixed with the first heat medium in the tank, whereby the temperature is leveled in the tank. Since the heat medium is supplied to the heat exchanger, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the temperature of the second heat medium that has passed through the heat exchanger is excessively increased.
  • the surplus power heater is provided in the first heat medium path, and the first heat medium heated by the surplus power heater flows into the tank. May be.
  • the surplus power heater may be provided in the tank.
  • the tank may be open to the atmosphere.
  • the tank may be provided with a depressurizer.
  • a portion of the first heat medium path between the surplus power heater and the tank is configured to be horizontal or ascending in the flow of the first heat medium. It may be.
  • the first temperature detector provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger in the first heat medium path and the first heat detector flow through the second heat medium flow path.
  • a first flow rate regulator that adjusts the flow rate of the two heat mediums and a first controller that controls the first flow rate regulator based on the temperature detected by the first temperature detector may be provided.
  • the first temperature detector provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger in the first heat medium path, and after cooling the fuel cell, the surplus power heater
  • a second temperature detector for detecting a temperature of the first heat medium before being heated
  • a second flow rate regulator for adjusting a flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path
  • a second controller for controlling the second flow rate regulator such that a detected temperature of the second temperature detector is lower than an average temperature of the detected temperature of the first temperature detector and the boiling point of the first heat medium; May be provided.
  • the fuel cell system of the present invention even if the first heat medium heated suddenly by the surplus electric power heater or, in some cases, the first heat medium boils due to a rapid fluctuation of the surplus power, By collecting the generated gas such as water vapor in the tank, gas retention in the first heat medium path is suppressed, and heat exchange in the heat exchanger can be stably performed. Moreover, by mixing with the 1st heat medium in a tank, the temperature rise of the 1st heat medium supplied to a heat exchanger is suppressed, and the 2nd heat medium after passing a heat exchanger can overheat. Is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell system 100 As shown in FIG. 1, a fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a fuel cell 1, a surplus power heater 2, a first heat medium tank 3, a heat exchanger 4, and a controller 10. Yes.
  • a fuel gas supply device (not shown) and an oxidant gas supply device (not shown) are connected to the fuel cell 1, and a fuel gas and an oxidant gas (reacted by these) supplied from these supply devices. Electricity and heat are generated by electrochemical reaction of gas).
  • the fuel cell 1 is provided with a first heat medium flow path 21 through which the first heat medium flows in order to recover exhaust heat generated by the electrochemical reaction.
  • the downstream end of the first heat medium forward path 51 a is connected to the inlet of the first heat medium flow path 21 in the fuel cell 1, and the upstream end of the first heat medium forward path 51 a is the primary flow of the heat exchanger 4. Connected to the exit of the path 22.
  • the inlet of the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4 is connected to the downstream end of the first heat medium return path 51b, and the upstream end of the first heat medium return path 51b is connected to the first heat medium in the fuel cell 1.
  • the outlet of the medium channel 21 is connected.
  • the first heat medium path 51 includes the first heat medium forward path 51a, the first heat medium return path 51b, the first heat medium flow path 21, and the primary flow path 22.
  • a second pump (second flow regulator) 7 capable of adjusting the flow rate is provided in the middle of the first heat medium forward path 51a, and the surplus power heater 2 is disposed in the middle of the first heat medium return path 51b.
  • a first heat medium tank 3 for storing a first heat medium (here, cooling water) are provided in this order.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is configured such that surplus power out of the power generated by the fuel cell 1 is energized and heats the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium forward path 51a.
  • the 2nd flow regulator of this invention although the pump which can adjust flow volume is used here, it is not limited to this, You may use flow regulators, such as a pump and a flow control valve.
  • the second heat medium forward path 52a and the second heat medium return path 52b are connected to the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4, and the second heat medium forward path 52a and the second heat medium return path 52b are connected.
  • route 52 comprised from the secondary flow path 23 is connected with the hot water storage tank 5 as a heat storage device.
  • the downstream end of the second heat medium return path 52 b is connected to the inlet of the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4, and the upstream end is connected to the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5.
  • the upper end of the hot water storage tank 5 is connected to the downstream end of the second heat medium forward path 52 a, and the upstream end is connected to the outlet of the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • a first pump (first flow rate regulator) 6 capable of adjusting the flow rate is provided in the middle of the second heat medium return path 52b.
  • the pump which can adjust flow volume is used here as a 1st flow regulator of this invention, it is not limited to this, You may use flow regulators, such as a pump and a flow control valve.
  • the hot water storage tank 5 is formed so as to extend in the vertical direction, and a water supply path 53 for supplying city water is connected to the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5. Is connected to a hot water supply passage 54 for supplying hot water to the user.
  • the hot water supply channel 54 is connected to a heat load that uses the hot water (not shown). Examples of the thermal load include hot water supply equipment, heating equipment, and air conditioning equipment.
  • the first heat medium recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 flows through the first heat medium return path 51b of the first heat medium path 51 and is supplied to the primary flow path 22 in the heat exchanger 4. .
  • the first heat medium supplied to the primary flow path 22 is supplied from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5 to the secondary flow path 23 in the heat exchanger 4 while flowing through the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the second heat medium is subjected to heat exchange and cooled.
  • the cooled first heat medium flows through the first heat medium forward path 51 a and is supplied to the inlet of the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1.
  • the second heat medium (here, hot water) supplied from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5 to the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4 flows through the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4. In the meantime, it is heated by the first heat medium flowing through the primary flow path 22.
  • the heated second heat medium flows through the second heat medium return path 52 b and is supplied to the upper end portion of the hot water storage tank 5.
  • the hot water storage tank 5 stores water having a low temperature close to the city water temperature in the lower part, and stores a second heat medium heated by the heat exchanger 4 from the upper part. It becomes a hot water storage tank.
  • the first heat medium recovered from the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 is further heated by the surplus power heater 2 if surplus power is generated while flowing through the first heat medium return path 51b of the first heat medium path 51. Is done.
  • the flow direction of the first heat medium and the second heat medium (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1) is the flow direction during power generation, and the flow of the second heat medium during the warm-up operation of the fuel cell 1. The direction is the opposite direction.
  • an input terminal (not shown) of the DC / DC converter 8 is connected to an output terminal (not shown) of the fuel cell 1 by appropriate wiring.
  • the DC / DC converter 8 is configured to boost DC power generated in the fuel cell 1 to a predetermined voltage.
  • an input terminal (not shown) of the inverter 9 is connected to an output terminal of the DC / DC converter 8 by an appropriate wiring.
  • the inverter 9 is configured to convert the DC power boosted by the DC / DC converter 8 into AC power.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is connected to an output terminal (not shown) of the inverter 9 by appropriate wiring.
  • a system power supply 12 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 9 through a system interconnection point 11. That is, the output power of the fuel cell 1 and the power from the system power supply 12 are grid-connected at the grid connection point 11.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 9 here, the invention is not limited to this, and it may be connected to the output terminal of the DC / DC converter 8.
  • the external power load 14 is connected to the grid connection point 11 by appropriate wiring.
  • the external power load 14 is assumed to be a power consuming device used in a general household.
  • a current detector 13 is provided between the grid connection point 11 and the inverter 9.
  • the current detector 13 detects the amount of current supplied from the system power supply 12, and the detected current value is output to the controller 10.
  • the current detector 13 is composed of a current sensor such as a current transformer.
  • the current detector 13 detects the magnitude of the current as the magnitude of the electric power, and detects the direction of the current, thereby generating a reverse power flow. Is detected.
  • a current sensor using a shunt resistor a clamp type AC current sensor that clamps a current transformer on a system wire, and detects current from a secondary winding current proportional to the primary current, AC current An AC ammeter or the like that directly measures can be used.
  • the DC power boosted by the DC / DC converter 8 is converted to AC power by the inverter 9 and supplied to the external power load 14 while being connected to the system power supply 12. Then, the current detector 13 detects the power supplied from the system power supply 12, and the detected power is output to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 is configured by a computer such as a microcomputer, and includes an arithmetic processing unit composed of a CPU, a storage unit (internal memory) composed of a semiconductor memory, and a clock unit (not shown) having a calendar function. Have.
  • the arithmetic processing unit reads out a predetermined control program stored in the storage unit and executes it to perform various controls relating to the fuel cell system.
  • the arithmetic processing unit detects whether or not reverse power flow has occurred based on the direction of the current detected by the current detector 13, and according to the current value detected by the current detector 13.
  • the arithmetic processing unit of the controller 10 controls the amount of power supplied to the surplus power heater 2 so that the current detected by the current detector 13 does not flow to the system power supply 12. That is, the fuel cell system 100 is provided with, for example, a voltage regulator (a voltage converter capable of adjusting the output voltage: not shown) that controls the supply voltage to the surplus power heater 2, and this voltage regulator The power consumption of the surplus power heater 2 is adjusted by adjusting the output voltage.
  • the controller 10 controls the amount of power supplied to the surplus power heater 2 by controlling the output voltage of the voltage regulator.
  • the controller means not only a single controller but also a group of controllers that execute control of the fuel cell system in cooperation with a plurality of controllers. For this reason, the controller 10 does not need to be composed of a single controller, and a plurality of controllers may be arranged in a distributed manner so that they cooperate to control the fuel cell system 100. .
  • a fuel gas and an oxidant gas are respectively supplied to an anode and a cathode (not shown) of the fuel cell 1 from a fuel gas supply device and an oxidant gas supply device, and electric power and heat are generated by an electrochemical reaction.
  • the electric power (DC power) generated in the fuel cell 1 is boosted by the DC / DC converter 8, and the boosted DC power is supplied to the inverter 9.
  • the supplied DC power is converted into AC power, and power is supplied to the external power load 14 while being connected to the system power supply 12.
  • the heat (exhaust heat) generated in the fuel cell 1 is recovered by the first heat medium supplied to the first heat medium flow path 21.
  • the first heat medium that has recovered the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 flows out to the first heat medium return path 51b, flows through the first heat medium return path 51b, and returns to the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the first heat medium returned to the first heat medium tank 3 is mixed with the first heat medium in the first heat medium tank 3, and the temperature is leveled.
  • the first heat medium supplied into the first heat medium tank 3 further flows through the first heat medium return path 51 b and is supplied to the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the first heat medium supplied to the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4 flows from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5 to the secondary flow of the heat exchanger 4 while flowing through the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4. Heat is exchanged with the second heat medium supplied to the passage 23 to be cooled.
  • the cooled first heat medium flows through the first heat medium forward path 51 a and is supplied to the inlet of the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1.
  • the second heat medium supplied from the lower end of the hot water storage tank 5 to the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4 is heated while flowing through the secondary flow path 23 of the heat exchanger 4.
  • the heated second heat medium flows through the second heat medium forward path 52 a and returns to the upper end portion of the hot water storage tank 5.
  • the second heat medium returned to the hot water storage tank 5 is supplied to the heat load through the hot water supply channel 54 according to demand, and used as hot water by the user.
  • city water is supplied from the water supply path 53 under the control of the controller 10.
  • the flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path 51 is adjusted by the second pump 7 based on a control signal from the controller 10, and similarly, the second heat medium path 52.
  • the flow rate of the second heat medium flowing therethrough is adjusted by the first pump 6 based on a control signal from the controller 10.
  • the high-temperature first heat medium is supplied (returned) to the first heat medium tank 3, so that the inside of the first heat medium tank 3 It is mixed with the first heat medium, and the temperature of the first heat medium is leveled in the first heat medium tank 3. Accordingly, the first heat medium is suppressed from being excessively heated or boiled in the primary flow path 22 of the heat exchanger 4 to be supplied, so that the first heat medium flow of the fuel cell 1 is suppressed. Supply of the first heat medium that has been overheated to the path 21 is suppressed, and temperature fluctuations in the fuel cell 1 can be suppressed.
  • the first heat medium is rapidly heated by the surplus electric power heater 2 and, in some cases, is boiled, whereby dissolved oxygen in the first heat medium is vaporized, water vapor is generated, and the gas is Although generated, the generated gas is collected in the first heat medium tank 3. For this reason, it can suppress that the produced
  • the first heat medium circulates stably, the heat exchanger 4 can stably exchange heat, and the inside of the fuel cell 1 can be kept at an appropriate temperature.
  • the second pump 7 may be disposed at any location in the first heat medium path 51. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the second pump 7 is provided in the first heat medium path 51a downstream of the heat exchanger 4, but this is merely an example and is not limited to this example. Absent. However, it is more preferable that the second pump 7 is provided in the first heat medium path 51 downstream from the first heat medium tank 3 or the first heat medium path 51 upstream from the surplus power heater 2. This is for suppressing the gas generated by the rapid heating of the surplus power heater 2 from clogging the second pump 7 (so-called gas biting).
  • the second pump 7 is disposed at the first heat medium path 51 (first heat medium forward path 51a) downstream of the first heat medium tank 3 rather than the first heat medium path 51 upstream of the surplus power heater 2. ) Is more preferable. This is because the first heat medium may be heated while passing through the fuel cell 1 and the dissolved oxygen may vaporize, so the second pump 7 is disposed in the first heat medium path 51 upstream from the surplus power heater 2. If installed, there is a possibility of gas biting. On the other hand, when the second pump 7 is provided in the first heat medium path 51 (first heat medium forward path 51 a) downstream from the first heat medium tank 3, it is generated from the first heat medium while passing through the fuel cell 1. This is because the gas is collected in the first heat medium tank 3 so that the possibility of gas biting in the second pump 7 is suppressed.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the first heat medium path 51 The difference is that the first temperature detector 15 is provided in the first heat medium forward path 51a (downstream of the heat exchanger 4 in the first heat medium path 51).
  • the first temperature detector 15 is provided on the downstream side of the second pump 7 in the first heat medium forward path 51a.
  • the first temperature detector 15 is configured to detect the temperature of the first heat medium that flows through the first heat medium forward path 51 a and is supplied to the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1.
  • the detected temperature is output to the controller (first controller) 10.
  • the controller 10 is configured as an example of the first controller of the present invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the first controller is controlled separately from the controller 10 by a controller (computer). It may be configured.
  • the first temperature detector 15 is provided with the first heat medium. It is more preferable that the forward path 51a is provided at a position near the downstream end of the first heat medium forward path 51a.
  • Controller 10 controls first pump 6 based on the temperature detected by first temperature detector 15. Specifically, the amount of operation of the first pump 6 is adjusted so that the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 15 becomes a predetermined temperature (for example, 60 ° C.), and the second heat medium path 52. The flow rate of the second heat medium flowing therethrough is controlled.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, 60 ° C.
  • the controller 10 when the detected temperature of the first temperature detector 15 reaches 62 ° C., which is higher than a predetermined temperature, the controller 10 outputs a control signal for increasing the operation amount to the first pump 6.
  • the first pump 6 increases its operation amount to increase the flow rate of the second heat medium.
  • the controller 10 controls the first pump 6 to reduce the operation amount.
  • the flow rate of the second heat medium is decreased.
  • the amount of heat recovered from the second heat medium in the secondary flow path 23 in the heat exchanger 4 is reduced, and the temperature of the first heat medium can be raised.
  • a temperature detector 210 is provided between the heating element 206 and the heat exchanger 203 in the cooling water flow path 202 (downstream of the heating element 206 in the cooling water flow path 202). It is disclosed that the operation amount of the heat recovery water pump 209 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector 210. Since the fuel cell cannot adjust the amount of power generation following the rapid fluctuation of the electric power load, the sudden fluctuation of surplus power occurs. For this reason, in the fuel cell system 200 disclosed in Patent Document 1, the temperature of the cooling water heated by the heating element 206 also varies abruptly due to a rapid variation in surplus power supplied to the heating element 206. If the operation amount is controlled by following the temperature fluctuation of the exhaust heat recovery water pump 209, the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the fuel cell 201 may not be stabilized.
  • the temperature detector 210 is provided between the heating element 206 and the heat exchanger 203 in the cooling water flow path 202, the fuel cell system 200 is supplied to the fuel cell 201. In order to detect the exact temperature of the cooling water, it is necessary to further provide a temperature detector, and the cost of the fuel cell system cannot be reduced.
  • the first heat medium tank 3 is provided on the downstream side of the surplus power heater 2, the first heat that has fluctuated in temperature due to sudden fluctuations in surplus power.
  • the medium is supplied into the first heat medium tank 3, and the temperature fluctuation is alleviated by the first heat medium stored in the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the heat exchanger 4 since the heat exchanger 4 is provided on the downstream side of the first heat medium tank 3, the temperature fluctuation of the first heat medium is further alleviated.
  • the first temperature detector 15 is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 4 in the first heat medium path 51. For this reason, even if the surplus electric power fluctuates rapidly, the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium forward path 51a is more relaxed by the first heat medium tank 3 and the heat exchanger 4, Control of the operation amount of the first pump 6 based on the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 15 can be stably performed. As a result, the temperature of the cooling water flowing into the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1 is more stable than before even if the surplus power suddenly varies.
  • the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 15 with a simple configuration. Therefore, by controlling the operation amount of the first pump 6, the heat exchange amount in the heat exchanger 4 can be adjusted, and the temperature of the first heat medium can be adjusted stably. Moreover, the temperature in the fuel cell 1 can be stably adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the first heat medium stably.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 2, but the first heat medium path 51 includes The difference is that the second temperature detector 16 is provided in the one heat medium forward path 51a.
  • the second temperature detector 16 is provided on the upstream side of the surplus power heater 2 in the first heat medium return path 51b.
  • the second temperature detector 16 is configured to detect the temperature of the first heat medium discharged from the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1, and the detected temperature is the controller (first 2 controller) 10.
  • the controller 10 is configured as an example of the second controller.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the second controller is configured by a controller (computer) that is independent from the controller 10. Also good.
  • the second temperature detector 16 is provided with the first heat medium return path. It is preferable to be provided at a position near the upstream end of 51b.
  • the controller 10 controls the operation amount of the second pump 7 based on the temperatures detected by the first and second temperature detectors 15 and 16. Specifically, the controller 10 detects that the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 16 is the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 15 (for example, 60 ° C.) and the boiling point of the first heat medium 100 ° C.
  • the operation amount of the second pump 7 (including the first pump 6 in this case) is controlled so as to be a predetermined temperature (for example, 70 ° C.) lower than the average of 80 ° C. In this case, when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 16 rises above the predetermined temperature, the amount of heat generated by the fuel cell 1 is increased, so the amount of operation of the second pump 7 is increased and the first heat medium is increased. In order to reduce the amount of heat generated by the fuel cell 1 when the detected temperature of the second temperature detector 16 decreases and the detected temperature of the second temperature detector 16 decreases. The amount is decreased and the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 16 is increased.
  • the power generation usually generates a heat amount equivalent to a heat amount conversion value of the power generation amount (that is, the heat generation amount of the fuel cell ⁇ the heat amount conversion of the fuel cell power generation amount). Value), the temperature of the first heat medium rises due to this generated heat.
  • the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 15 is 60 ° C. while the surplus power is not generated during operation of the fuel cell system 100, and is detected by the second temperature detector 16.
  • the temperature is 70 ° C., it can be said that the temperature of the first heat medium has increased by 10 ° C. due to the heat generated in the fuel cell 1.
  • the surplus power heater is a resistance heating type heater, since the heat exchange efficiency is almost 100%, “the amount of heat generated by the surplus power heater ⁇ the amount of heat generated from the fuel cell power generation value”, and In the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, considering that “the amount of heat generated by the fuel cell ⁇ the value converted to the amount of power generated by the fuel cell”, “the amount of heat generated by the surplus power heater ⁇ the amount of heat generated by the fuel cell”.
  • the temperature increase of the first heat medium heated by the surplus power heater 2 is expected to further increase by about 10 ° C. compared to the case where the surplus power is zero.
  • the temperature of the first heat medium introduced into the first heat medium tank 3 is about 80 ° C., and the amount of power supplied to the surplus power heater 2 increases rapidly due to fluctuations in power consumption in the external power load 14.
  • the 1st heat carrier is heated until it boils.
  • the first exhaust discharged from the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1 is performed.
  • the temperature of one heat medium is the temperature of the first heat medium (detected by the first temperature detector 15) supplied to the first heat medium flow path 21 of the fuel cell 1.
  • the surplus power heater due to fluctuations in the external power load 14 by controlling the operation amount of the second pump 7 so that the predetermined temperature is lower than the average temperature of the boiling point of the first heat medium. Even if the energization amount of the first heat medium rapidly increases, the temperature of the first heat medium heated by the surplus power heater 2 becomes less than the boiling point, and the boiling of the first heat medium can be stably suppressed.
  • the temperature of the first heat medium is set to an appropriate temperature by suppressing the surplus power heater 2 from heating until the first heat medium boils. It can be kept more stable, and the inside of the fuel cell 1 can be kept at an appropriate temperature.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the basic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, but the first configuration in the first heat medium path 51 is the same.
  • the portion 55 between the surplus power heater 2 and the first heat medium tank 3 in the first heat medium return path 51b is configured such that the direction of the vertical flow of the first heat medium is vertically upward. Different. Specifically, the flow of the first heat medium in the pipe constituting the portion 55 is configured to face upward in the vertical direction.
  • the generated gas is Due to the buoyancy, the portion 55 flows together with the first heat medium without staying in the portion 55 and flows into the first heat medium tank 3. Since the gas flowing into the first heat medium tank 3 is collected in the gap 3a of the first heat medium tank 3, it flows out to the downstream side of the first heat medium tank in the first heat medium return path 51b. There is no. For this reason, the gas generated by the heating of the surplus power heater 2 is more reliably collected in the first heat medium tank 3 without staying in the first heat medium path 51 up to the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path 51 can be used.
  • the flow rate can be made more stable. Further, since the flow rate of the first heat medium is stabilized, heat exchange with the second heat medium in the heat exchanger 4 is further stabilized, and the temperature of the first heat medium supplied to the fuel cell 1 is further stabilized. Therefore, the temperature in the fuel cell 1 is further stabilized.
  • the portion 55 of the first heat medium return path 51b is configured to flow upward in the vertical direction in the flow of the first heat medium.
  • the portion 55 is horizontal or It does not matter if it is uphill.
  • the “uphill gradient” means that the vertical component of the flow of the first heat medium is not vertically downward in the portion 55.
  • the portion 55 is slanted.
  • the horizontal portion and the vertically upward portion may be mixed, or the horizontal portion and the inclined portion may be mixed.
  • control of the first pump 6 or the second pump 7 as in the fuel cell system in the second or third embodiment is performed on the fuel cell system in the present embodiment. You may comprise so that it may implement.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • the fuel cell system 100 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention has the same basic configuration as the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, but the surplus power heater 2 is the first heat. The difference is that it is provided inside the medium tank 3 and that the first heat medium tank 3 is provided with a pressure releaser comprising a pressure detector 17, a communication flow path 18, and an on-off valve 19.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is provided inside the first heat medium tank 3 and is configured to heat the first heat medium in the first heat medium tank 3. Further, a water level detector (not shown) is provided inside the first heat medium tank 3, and the detected water level is output to the controller 10. Based on the water level detected by the water level detector, the controller 10 uses the appropriate means (for example, a water replenisher for replenishing the first heat medium to the first heat medium tank 3) to make the surplus power heater 2 the first.
  • the water level of the first heat medium is adjusted so that it is always located below the liquid level of the one heat medium.
  • the surplus power heater 2 when surplus power that is not consumed by the external power load 14 among the power generated by the fuel cell 1 is energized to the surplus power heater 2, the first heat medium in the first heat medium tank 3 is directly heated. Therefore, compared with the configuration in which the surplus power heater 2 is provided in the first heat medium forward path 51a of the first heat medium path 51, there is less heat loss (that is, there is no heat loss in the portion 55 of the third embodiment), and the efficiency is high.
  • the surplus power can be used as thermal energy, and the energy saving property of the fuel cell system 100 can be further improved.
  • the generated gas remains in the gap portion. Since it is collected by 3a, it does not flow out to the first heat medium path 51. For this reason, the flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path 51 can be made more stable, and the second flow rate in the heat exchanger 4 can be increased by stabilizing the flow rate of the first heat medium. Heat exchange with the heat medium can be performed more stably. And since the temperature of the 1st heat medium supplied to the fuel cell 1 becomes more stable because the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 4 becomes more stable, the temperature in the fuel cell 1 also becomes more stable.
  • a communication flow path 18 is provided in the upper part of the first heat medium tank 3 so as to communicate the air gap 3 a inside the first heat medium tank 3 with the outside air.
  • a valve 19 is provided.
  • a pressure detector 17 is provided on the upper portion of the first heat medium tank 3. The pressure detector 17 is configured to detect the pressure of the gap 3 a of the first heat medium tank 3 and output the detected pressure of the gap 3 a to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 adjusts the opening / closing of the on-off valve 19 based on the pressure detected by the pressure detector 17. Specifically, the controller 10 opens the valve of the on-off valve 19 when the pressure in the gap 3a becomes lower than a predetermined pressure Pc (for example, the design pressure of the piping that configures the first heat medium path 51).
  • a predetermined pressure Pc for example, the design pressure of the piping that configures the first heat medium path 51.
  • the pressure of the gap 3a is controlled to be lower than the predetermined pressure Pc, and the valve of the on-off valve 19 is controlled to be closed when the pressure of the gap 3a is lower than the predetermined pressure Pc.
  • the pressure release device including the communication flow path 18 and the on-off valve 19 is provided in the first heat medium tank 3, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the communication flow path 18 is simply provided to provide the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the heat medium tank 3 may be open to the atmosphere.
  • the first heating medium is rapidly heated by the surplus power heater 2, and in some cases, gas such as water vapor generated by boiling is collected in the gap 3a, thereby increasing the pressure in the gap 3a.
  • the gap 3a communicates with the outside air, and the pressure of the gap 3a can be made smaller than the predetermined pressure Pc, and the pressure in the first heat medium tank 3 can be reduced.
  • An increase (pressure fluctuation) can be suppressed.
  • the flow rate of the first heat medium flowing through the first heat medium path 51 can be made more stable, By stabilizing the flow rate, heat exchange with the second heat medium in the heat exchanger 4 can be performed more stably. And since the temperature of the 1st heat medium supplied to the fuel cell 1 becomes more stable because the heat exchange in the heat exchanger 4 becomes more stable, the temperature in the fuel cell 1 also becomes more stable.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is directly connected to the first heat medium tank 3 in the first heat medium tank 3. Compared with the configuration in which the surplus power heater 2 is provided in the first heat medium forward path 51a of the first heat medium path 51 in order to heat the heat medium, the heat dissipation loss can be suppressed, and the energy saving performance of the fuel cell system 100 is further improved. be able to.
  • control of the first pump 6 or the second pump 7 as in the fuel cell system in the second embodiment or the third embodiment with respect to the fuel cell system in the present embodiment You may comprise so that it may implement.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the basic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 5, but the surplus power heater 2 is disposed on the outer surface of the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the first heat medium tank 3 is provided on the bottom outer surface (lower surface) of the first heat medium tank 3 through the bottom of the first heat medium tank 3.
  • the first heat medium is configured to be heated.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is configured to be covered with a heat insulating material.
  • surplus power that is not consumed by the external power load 14 among the power generated by the fuel cell 1 as in the fifth embodiment.
  • the surplus power heater 2 when the surplus power heater 2 is energized, the first heat medium in the first heat medium tank 3 is heated via the bottom of the first heat medium tank 3, so that the surplus power heater 2 is The heat loss is less than the configuration provided in the first heat medium forward path 51a of the medium path 51 (that is, there is no heat loss in the portion 55 of the third embodiment), and the surplus power can be efficiently used as heat energy.
  • the energy saving property of the fuel cell system 100 can be further improved.
  • the surplus power heater 2 is provided on the outer surface of the first heat medium tank 3, particularly on the bottom outer surface (lower surface). Therefore, the first heat in the first heat medium tank 3 is used. Regardless of the height of the medium, the first heat medium can be heated by the surplus power heater 2 from the position facing the first heat medium via the container of the first heat medium tank 3 in between. The heat energy from the power heater 2 can be efficiently transmitted to the first heat medium, and further energy efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 can be improved.
  • the hot water storage tank 5 is connected to the second heat medium path 52 and the hot water is supplied from the hot water storage tank 5 to the heat load.
  • the present invention is not limited to this. It is good also as a structure which supplies hot water directly from the 2 heat-medium path
  • the operation amount of the 1st pump 6 was adjusted based on the temperature detected by the 1st temperature detector 15, it is not limited to this,
  • a 2nd heat medium A temperature detector may be provided in the path 52 and the operation amount of the first pump 6 may be adjusted based on the temperature detected by the temperature detector.
  • water is used as the first heat medium
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • an antifreeze liquid may be used.
  • the fuel cell system of the present invention is useful for a fuel cell system that performs an operation of recovering surplus power generated during power generation as heat. It can also be applied to applications such as a cogeneration system that recovers heat generated with power generation using an engine or the like.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de pile à combustible comprenant : une pile à combustible (1) ; un premier canal de milieu thermique (51) à travers lequel un premier milieu thermique s'écoule pour refroidir la pile à combustible (1) ; un second canal de milieu thermique (52) à travers lequel un second milieu thermique qui a collecté de la chaleur provenant du premier milieu thermique s'écoule ; un échangeur de chaleur (4) pour un échange de chaleur entre le premier milieu thermique s'écoulant dans le premier canal de milieu thermique (51) et le second milieu thermique s'écoulant dans le second canal de milieu thermique (52) ; un dispositif de chauffage par énergie en excès (2) qui chauffe le premier milieu thermique utilisé pour refroidir la pile à combustible (1) avant un écoulement dans l'échangeur de chaleur (4) de façon à consommer une énergie en excès de la pile à combustible (1) ; et un premier réservoir de milieu thermique (3) agencé sur un premier canal de milieu thermique (51) pour accumuler le premier milieu thermique. Le premier réservoir de milieu thermique (3) est configuré de façon à mélanger le premier milieu thermique chauffé par le dispositif de chauffage par énergie en excès (2) et le premier milieu thermique dans le premier réservoir de milieu thermique (3).
PCT/JP2009/003290 2008-07-14 2009-07-14 Système de pile à combustible WO2010007759A1 (fr)

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JP2008182608 2008-07-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2012195263A (ja) * 2011-03-18 2012-10-11 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
EP2549270A2 (fr) 2011-07-22 2013-01-23 Bayer Healthcare LLC Système de dessiccation de biocapteur présentant une meilleure performance de mesure

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JP2005310644A (ja) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池発電装置
WO2005112175A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Système à cellule électrochimique
JP2005353580A (ja) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-22 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池の加湿装置
JP2006012564A (ja) * 2004-06-24 2006-01-12 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2006338984A (ja) * 2005-06-01 2006-12-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
JP2007335326A (ja) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池システム

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JP4912792B2 (ja) * 2006-08-23 2012-04-11 リンナイ株式会社 貯湯ユニット
US8241807B2 (en) * 2006-09-26 2012-08-14 Panasonic Corporation Fuel cell system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005310644A (ja) * 2004-04-23 2005-11-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池発電装置
JP2005353580A (ja) * 2004-05-10 2005-12-22 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池の加湿装置
WO2005112175A1 (fr) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Système à cellule électrochimique
JP2006012564A (ja) * 2004-06-24 2006-01-12 Ebara Ballard Corp 燃料電池システム
JP2006338984A (ja) * 2005-06-01 2006-12-14 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
JP2007335326A (ja) * 2006-06-16 2007-12-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃料電池システム

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012195263A (ja) * 2011-03-18 2012-10-11 Denso Corp 燃料電池システム
EP2549270A2 (fr) 2011-07-22 2013-01-23 Bayer Healthcare LLC Système de dessiccation de biocapteur présentant une meilleure performance de mesure

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