WO2010003757A1

WO2010003757A1 - Energy-storage circuit system using lithium ion cells

Info

Publication number: WO2010003757A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/057206
Authority: WO
Inventors: Herbert Naarmann; Hans Zogg
Original assignee: Dilo Trading Ag
Priority date: 2008-07-10
Filing date: 2009-06-10
Publication date: 2010-01-14
Also published as: DE102008040322A1; DE202009017862U1

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-storage circuit system using lithium ion cells, in which current from energy systems is used in charging stations to charge the lithium ion cells which are stored in the charging stations and/or in depot stations, are removed as required and are used to operate transportation units and, after they have been discharged, are again exchanged for charged lithium ion cells at the same or another charging or depot station.

Description

ENERGY STORAGE CIRCUIT SYSTEM USING

LITHIUM-ION CELLS

description

The present invention relates to an energy storage, charging and utilization system based on secondary lithium-ion cells.

Nowadays, secondary cells are also widely used for off-grid applications. The present invention, however, for the first time proposes a closed-loop use system for secondary lithium-ion cells, which can charge, deliver (eg from a depot), install for use and expand secondary lithium-ion cells. Cells comprises after their use in transport facilities or vehicles.

In an energy storage cycle (EKL) system according to the invention (see FIG. 1), standardized lithium-ion cells (batteries) are distributed via plants for decentralized energy generation, eg solar energy plants (I) and / or wind energy plants II, via a charge controller (III) ) loaded, tested (V) and installed in transport units (battery replacement), used there to drive and discharged it. After consuming the stored energy, the transport vehicle returns to an energy storage cycle (EKL) station within its reach (Figure 2). The energy storage (Li-ion cell) (empty / discharged) is replaced with a new (full / charged) and tested energy storage and the vehicle can return to the nationwide EKL network according to its range (eg 300-700 km).

The present invention is based on the object to provide a system that can serve completely or largely independently of the usual supply systems with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons as an energy basis for suitable drive systems of transport units or vehicles.

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the inventive idea. The object of the invention is achieved by the system defined in claim 1. The dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.

The energy storage cycle (EKL) system according to the invention is a system in which lithium ion cells serve as energy suppliers the function of the usual liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons in conventional transport systems such. Passenger cars (cars), buses and trucks (trucks) and other vehicles.

The Li-ion cells used in the system according to the invention are preferably standardized HE (high energy) or HP (high power) cells. Also, UHP (Ultra High Power) cells, e.g. UHP 341450 (GAIA, Akkumulatorenwerke, Nordhausen) are suitable as a basis.

As described, for example, in "Charge Controller for Solar and Wind Turbines", pp. 596-598 (Conrad sales catalog 2006), 12V, 24V or even 42 V batteries are available as drive and starter systems, whereby single cells to batteries are preferably connected in parallel the HP or HE systems with 25 Ah switched up to 60 Ah. With the cell GAIA 1702100 eg up to 485 Ah is stored in the single cell. If such cells are switched to batteries with two or more individual cells, much higher energy and power densities can be achieved. For standardization (and especially for use in the automotive sector), the batteries are adapted for use in motor vehicles by means of a BMS (battery management system).

BMS: a) Communication with the car electronics (via CAN-BUS) b) Safety shutdown c) Control of the charge (above / below) d) Control measurement of temperature, current and voltage e) Balancing of the individual cells in the battery system f) Prediction of the state of charge (c)

In LTC Lithium Technology company presentation March 2007, are in the field of automotive technology u.a. 14S 50V / 6Ah, 50 S l P 180V / 45Ah; 1OS 36V / 7.5 Ah; 8OS IP 288V / 7.5 Ah or OFRO 25V / 60 Ah Li-ion cells. Suitable charge controllers are known from "charge controllers for solar and wind turbines" (Conrad sales catalog 2006, pp. 596-598).

Suitable cells (batteries) which may be used as starter batteries or as energy sources for vehicles are described e.g. in "boarding school. Seminar and Exhibit on Primary and Secondary Batteries, March 11-14,2002, Boca Raton, FIo. USA edit. M. Swiss Berberich et al. P 5/8 to 8/8 and Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries, LTC Lithium Technology Corporation ".

The present invention provides an energy storage cycle system using lithium-ion cells in which electricity from power plants (I; II) is used in charging stations for charging the lithium-ion cells (V) stored in the charging stations (IV) or in depot stations, removed as needed and used for the operation of transport units and after discharging at the same or another charging or depot station again exchanged for charged lithium-ion cells. The charging stations and the depot stations may be identical, adjacent or spatially separated from each other, in the latter case, a transport of the energy storage between the / the charging station (s) and the / depot (s) can be done.

The power generation plants are preferably decentralized energy generation plants, particularly preferably solar energy plants (I) and / or wind energy plants (II), but traditional or conventional energy production plants can also be used.

In the energy storage cycle system according to the invention, the current for charging the lithium-ion cells (V) via a charge controller (III) of the charging station (IV) is preferably available. In the energy storage cycle system according to the invention, the lithium-ion cells are preferably charged, tested and tested before they are installed as energy storage in a transport unit.

In a preferred embodiment of the energy storage circuit system according to the invention, the discharged lithium-ion cells are then recharged and maintained in the charging stations (IV). The charging stations and / or the depot stations are preferably arranged area-wide, so that an exchange of lithium-ion cells can take place before the complete discharge, wherein the distance between the individual charging stations and / or the depot stations is preferably 300-700km.

The voltage of the lithium-ion cells is preferably 12, 24 or 42 V and the nominal capacity 25 to 500 Ah, more preferably 25 to 60 Ah. In a preferred embodiment, the Li-ion cells used are bundled into batteries. The Li-ion cells used contain as electrochemically active cathode material preferably Li-intercalatable heavy metal oxides or more preferably Li-Fe or Li-V-phosphate and is used as electrochemically active anode material Li-intercalatable synthetic or natural graphite. As the separator between the anode and the cathode, an electrolyte-containing, porous polyolefin, polyfluorine or ceramic layer having a thickness of 10-40 μm, particularly preferably 5-25 μm in thickness, is preferably used in the Li-ion cells.

In the figure 1, the energy storage circuit system of the invention is shown schematically. In this example, solar cells (I) and a wind energy plant (II) generate electricity which, via the charge regulator (III), serves to charge lithium cells, which are preferably connected together to form batteries. Reference numeral (III) denotes a charge controller. The reference numeral (IV) denotes a charging station and / or the battery depot for the energy storage circuit system according to the invention. The in the charging station or the battery depot (IV) charged or deposited batteries are preferably standardized lithium-ion cells. The reference numeral (V) schematically represents the power consumption and the state of charge of the lithium-ion batteries. The reference numeral (Va) means that the Li-ion cell batteries are fully charged and available for installation in vehicles. When discharging to the level indicated by (Vb), it is necessary to drive to a charging station or depot station and replace the Li-ion battery. After removing the discharged and installing a newly charged battery (battery replacement), the operation of the vehicle can be continued.

As can be seen schematically from FIG. 1, the energy storage circulatory system is a self-contained supply system which is completely independent of the power line network and of fossil fuels.

In Fig. 1 are given as preferred examples of decentralized systems for power generation in the system according to the invention solar cells or wind turbines. However, other decentralized installations for power generation or combinations of different power generation facilities such as tidal and tidal power plants and, if e.g. there is no or no adequate supply of regenerative energy sources - conventional power plants or cogeneration power serve as power sources, but power generation plants using regenerative energy sources are preferred.

The solar cell (photovoltaic) units exemplified by the reference numeral (I) serving as a power generation equipment for an EKL unit corresponding to FIG. The number of solar installations (I) or the square meter area of the photovoltaic units is preferably at least 100 m ² to eg 10000 m ² ; A limitation of the solar module surface or a specification of the solar module (amorphous, polycrystalline, thin film or the like) is not within the scope of this invention and is not claimed. The number of exemplary wind turbines (II) is 1-20, preferably 1-7, with powers of 10 KW to 1000 KW. Again, the size and performance of the wind turbine depends on the needs of the charging station or the depot (IV). The power generation plants (I) and (II) preferably feed the generated electricity into the charging station (IV) in parallel. The preferred intermediate charge controller (III) ensures that no disturbances during the charging process can be triggered by means of the respective charging circuits (overvoltages, overcharges, phase reversal, etc.). By charging, the batteries and / or lithium-ion cells provided may be made using a BMS

Battery management system loaded. Subsequently (i.e., after charging), the batteries are checked.

Testing of the charged batteries (cells) also conforms to the safety tests described in "Lithium Ion Batteries" edited by M. Wakihara, O. Yamamoto, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (1998) p.91-93.

The charged Li-ion battery (s) or (cell (s)) is (are) (see Fig. 1 (Va)) in the (the) vehicle (s) or transport unit (s) installed, these then have according to the energy (capacity) of the built-in battery (cell) a range of 300-700 km to the next EKL station - where the next battery (ZeIl) - change takes place.

In FIG. 2, a view of the EKL system according to the invention, as shown in detail in FIG. 1, is represented geographically as an example for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the points for the exchange of energy storage in area-covering or the respective range of Energy store covering manner distributed over the respective (state) area. Fig. 2 shows that with the EKL stations a nationwide network for battery replacement is present and thus a completely mobile system exists, which allows independent of conventional fossil

Fuel resources transport units or vehicles with suitable drive devices over long distances (preferably 300-700km) to drive.

The integrated lithium-ion cells (batteries) with nominal capacities of 6-500 Ah can be used as an electrochemically active cathode layer Li-intercalatable heavy metal oxides and / or LiFe or LiV phosphates and as an electrochemically active anode material Liinterkalierbaren synthetic or natural graphite contain .

As a separator with thicknesses of 10-40 microns between the cathode and anode in the Li-ion cells with electrolyte impregnated porous polyolefin, polyfluorine or ceramic layers are used; Electrolytes are preferably 1 molar solutions of conductive salts LiPFε, Lioxalatoborat od. Ä. In aprotic solvents, alkyl carbonates, Dimethoxiethan od.

The used Li-ion cells can be switched as needed to batteries (in parallel or in succession).

To ensure a smooth battery replacement for the transport units to be equipped, a sufficient amount, for example 100-10000 standard Li-ion cells (batteries), is preferably present in the charging station (IV). The following Table 1 lists Li-ion cells that can be used in parallel or series combination for the energy storage cycle system.

Table 1: Overview of Li-ion cells that can be used in the EKL system

* The Li-Ion Cell Overview is a random selection of different cell types that are suitable for use in the invention

** The cycles become 2O ⁰ C and 100% DOD, up to 80%

Nominal capacity measured. DOD = DEPTH OF DISCHARGE

*** The cycle determination takes place at 0.2 C discharge and

60% nominal capacity

**** The determination of the spec. Energy Wh / kg is carried out here at 0.1 C in all other cases at 0.2 C. C is the C rate, a per unit time flowing (charging or discharging) current

Claims

Claims:

1. Energy storage circulatory system using lithium-ion cells, characterized in that

Electricity from power plants (I; II) is used in charging stations to charge the lithium-ion cells (V) stored in the charging stations (IV) or depot stations, taken as needed and used to operate transport units and after discharge therefrom or other charging or depot stations for charged lithium-ion cells.

2. Energy storage circuit system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation plants decentralized power generation plants, preferably solar energy systems (I) and / or wind turbines (II), are.

3. Energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the current for charging the lithium-ion cells (V) via a charge controller (III) of the charging station (IV) is available.

4. energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lithium-ion cells are loaded, tested and tested before they are installed as energy storage in a transport unit.

5. energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharged lithium-ion cells are exchanged and in one of the charging station (IV) to be reloaded and maintained.

6. Energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the charging stations and / or the depot stations are arranged nationwide so that an exchange of the lithium-ion cells can take place before their complete discharge.

7. energy storage circuit system according to claim 6, wherein the distance between the individual charging stations and / or the depot stations is 300-700km.

8. Energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Li-ion cells used are bundled into batteries

9. energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the voltage of the lithium-ion cells 12, 24 or 42 V and the nominal capacity is 25 to 500 Ah, preferably 25-60 Ah.

10. energy storage circuit system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Li-ion cells used as electrochemically active cathode material Li intercalatable heavy metal oxides or preferably Li-Fe or Li-V-phosphate and as electrochemically active anode material Li-intercalatable synthetic or natural Graphite is used.

11. Energy storage circuit system according to any one of claims 9 or 10, wherein as a separator between the anode and cathode an electrolyte-containing, porous polyolefin, polyfluorine or ceramic layers of 10-40μm, preferably 5-25μm, thickness are used.