DE102017118706A1 - Bidirectional solar filling station and method for operating a solar filling station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solar charging station for charging electrically operated vehicles and for participation in the control energy market, comprising a solar module for generating electrical energy, an energy storage, a fast charging station for at least one electrically powered vehicle and a bidirectional power supply for removal and for feeding electrical energy the mains supply of the power supply. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a solar charging station. In order to provide a solar charging station, which allow a particularly economical, reliable and uninterrupted operation of the solar charging station, the solar charging station at the same time has increased independence from an external power supply from the power grid of an electricity supplier and beyond can actively and automatically contribute to a stabilization of the pipeline network is provided that a mains frequency measuring device with a measuring frequency of at least 1 mHz and a device for energy management to control the energy flow between the solar module (2), the energy storage, the power supply network, is provided by means of the device for energy management depending on the with the power frequency meter measured grid frequency, a feed from the energy storage and the solar module (2) in the power supply network of the power supply and a removal from the mains network in the energy storage is controllable.

Description

The invention relates to a solar charging station for charging electrically operated vehicles and for participation in the control energy market, comprising a solar module for generating electrical energy, an energy storage, a fast charging station for at least one electrically powered vehicle and a bidirectional power supply for removal and for feeding electrical energy the mains supply of the power supply. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a bidirectional solar charging station for charging electrically powered vehicles and to participate in the control energy market.

Solar filling stations and methods for operating solar filling stations are known from the prior art. The known solar filling stations have at least one solar module for generating a charging current and a charging device for an electrically operated vehicle. In addition, some of the known solar filling stations also have a connection to the power supply network to obtain the charging current from the line network in the absence or inadequate performance of the solar module and excess energy, in particular those not needed to charge an electrically powered vehicle electrical energy to feed into the power grid of the power supply.

However, the known solar fueling stations have the disadvantage that the solar charging stations must remove electrical energy from the mains network, if no corresponding solar power to the solar charging station and other connected to the mains solar systems is available, which at this time the price of electricity is particularly high and the stability of the Line network of the power supply is particularly low. On the other hand, at the time of feeding in electrical energy through the solar filling station into the mains network, numerous other solar systems feed into the pipeline network, so that there is a surplus and thus the remuneration of the feed is particularly low. This leads to the fact that the solar filling station has a low cost. In addition, in regions with an insufficiently stabilized pipeline network or at times of a particularly high load on the power supply network in conventional solar charging stations is not guaranteed that they can provide reliable and full power electrical energy for multiple electric vehicles at the same time.

An increasing proportion of electrically operated vehicles in road traffic in the coming years and the resulting, greatly increased demand for charging stations will contribute to a further destabilization of the pipeline network and at least temporarily lead to a deficit in the available charging power. In addition, an increasing share of alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, leads to significantly higher fluctuations of the grid frequency and thus to a destabilization of the power supply network. Conventional solar refueling stations are part of this problem, since they also continue to burden the already polluted power supply network in times of low availability of alternative energy.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a solar charging station and a method for operating such a solar charging station, which allow a particularly economical, reliable and uninterrupted operation of the solar charging station, the solar charging station at the same time increased independence from an external power supply from the power grid of a power supplier and can also contribute actively and automatically to a stabilization of the pipeline network.

The object is achieved by a solar charging station according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 4. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The bidirectional solar filling station according to the invention for charging electrically operated vehicles and for participating in the control energy market has a solar module for generating electrical energy, an energy storage, a fast charging station for at least one electrically powered vehicle and a bidirectional power supply for removal and for feeding electrical energy into the pipeline network the power supply on. Furthermore, a mains frequency measuring device with a measuring frequency of at least 1 mHz and a device for energy management to control the energy flow between the solar module, the energy storage, the power supply network and possibly provided via the fast charging station electrically powered vehicle is provided, by means of the device for Energy management depending on the measured with the power frequency meter mains frequency is a feed from the energy storage and / or the solar module in the line network of the power supply and a removal from the line network in the energy storage or by means of the fast charging in an electrically powered vehicle to be charged controllable.

The inventor has recognized that the arrangement of an energy storage in the solar charging station advantageously an increased independence of the power supply network can be achieved by electric energy generated by the solar module can be stored therein until used for charging an electrically powered vehicle and In addition, a particularly reliable and uninterrupted operation of the solar filling station is possible regardless of the stability of the power supply network. In addition, the solar fueling station according to the invention allows a controlled feed of electrical energy from the energy storage in the power supply network with a drop in the grid frequency below a nominal network frequency value and a withdrawal of energy from the power supply network in excess of the grid frequency via a nominal network frequency, whereby the solar charging station contribute to the stabilization of the pipeline network. In this case, the determination of the grid frequency in each solar filling station is advantageously carried out by means of a mains frequency meter, so that the solar filling station can automatically and independently contribute to the stabilization of the line network of the power supply.

In the method according to the invention for operating a bidirectional solar charging station for charging electrically powered vehicles and for participation in the balancing energy market, the mains frequency of the power supply network network is measured at a measuring frequency of at least 1 MHz and the measured mains frequency is transmitted to a power management device by means of a mains frequency measuring device the energy management device distributes the energy obtained by means of a solar module to a fast charging station for an electrically operated vehicle, an energy store of the solar charging station and the power supply network. Furthermore, the device for energy management controls the charging of the electrically operated vehicle from the solar module and / or from the energy storage and / or from the power supply network Fund Finally, the device for energy management depending on the measured network frequency of the power supply network controls the provision of energy for the primary control energy market of the power supply network from the energy storage and the solar module.

By means of the method according to the invention is a particularly easy adaptation of the operation of the solar charging station to the respective power of the solar module, the available capacity of the energy storage, the required charging capacity or performance for connected, to be loaded vehicles as well as the load situation and stability of the Line network of the power supply possible. Furthermore, by means of the device for energy management of the solar fuel station according to the invention in a particularly simple manner, a stabilization of the network by a supply of energy from the energy storage as quickly retrievable primary control energy or by absorbing excess energy in the energy storage possible, which in particular at numerous, to the Line network connected solar stations a local, automatic and very fast stabilization can be done.

A bidirectional solar charging station in the sense of the invention is first of all each station for charging at least one electrically operated vehicle, which relates at least a part, preferably all of the energy provided for charging from a solar module arranged at or at the station and furthermore a connection to the mains network of Power supply, which can be operated bidirectionally, ie, taken from the both electrical energy, as can be fed. Both the energy storage and the connection to the pipeline network are suitable for participation in the primary control energy market. Preferably, the solar charging station and in particular the energy storage is designed so that regardless of the weather conditions several electrically operated vehicles can be charged per day, without having to obtain energy from the power supply network. The solar charging station can be designed both as a public charging station for customers for a fee and as a private charging station of a company or a private owner for the associated electrically powered vehicles.

The connection of the solar charging station to the power supply network of the power supply can in principle be arbitrarily formed and is designed in particular according to the standard in the installation area of the solar charging station standard, so that this allows participation in the network of the respective electricity supplier and the primary control energy market.

Depending on the particular operating state of the solar stations this participates with the energy storage in the primary control energy market, that is, it provides short-term, within seconds retrievable energy to stabilize the network to maintain the predetermined nominal network frequency, in Germany of 50 Hz ready. In addition, the solar filling station can include any other technical and non-technical facilities.

An electrically powered vehicle can basically be any type of vehicle that is at least capable of driving partially uses electrical energy that must be supplied to the vehicle during a charging process. In this case, the vehicle can have an electric drive either exclusively or in addition to another drive technology, for example an internal combustion engine. Furthermore, it may in principle be any vehicle, such as a passenger car, a bus, a truck, a forklift, a motorcycle, a bicycle with electric auxiliary motor or any commercial vehicle.

A solar module is first understood to mean any module which is suitable for converting light, in particular sunlight, into electrical energy. The conversion preferably takes place exclusively by means of solar cells or photovoltaic cells. Also preferably, a solar module has a plurality of solar cells connected in series and / or in parallel. Preferably, the solar module also includes a support or support frame for the solar cells and / or a transparent protective cover, in particular of glass or plastic. The solar charging station has at least one solar module, which is arranged on or in the vicinity of the solar charging station, wherein the solar module is preferably arranged inclined, in particular inclined to the sun to or in the south. Furthermore, a solar module comprises at least one electrical connection for connection to the solar charging station, in particular a device for energy management or an energy storage of the solar charging station. Preferably, the solar module is arranged in an elevated position, for example on a holder, mast or a roof of the solar charging station.

An energy store is understood as meaning any device which can store electrical energy, the storage preferably taking place on an electrochemical basis. For this purpose, the energy store particularly preferably has at least one and very particularly preferably a multiplicity of batteries or accumulators. In principle, the energy storage is often loadable and dischargeable. The entire storage capacity may result from a single device or from a plurality of electrically connected, separate devices. Preferably, the energy storage is arranged in the solar charging station in a housing or a building, which may be formed both above ground and underground.

The energy store preferably comprises a plurality of lead and / or lithium accumulators, in particular lithium-ion, lithium-polymer, lithium-iron-phosphate and / or lithium-titanate accumulators. The energy store is particularly preferably formed from a plurality of mutually identical accumulators, in particular lithium-ion accumulators. Also preferably, the individual accumulators are set interchangeably on the energy storage, whereby a repair and maintenance of the energy storage is possible in a particularly simple manner.

The energy store preferably has at least one capacity which is sufficient for a complete charge, particularly preferably for at least three times the charge of an electrically operated vehicle. In an advantageous embodiment of the energy storage device has a capacity of at least 200 kWh, preferably at least 300 kWh and more preferably at least 400 kWh.

Under a fast charging station is basically understood a device by means of an electrically powered vehicle or its energy storage can be charged with electrical energy. In this case, the rapid charging station is basically connected to the energy storage of the solar charging station and / or to the solar module and / or to the power supply network, wherein this connection is particularly preferably via a charging electronics, which can monitor the charging and / or discharging of the electrically operated vehicle. The charging of the electrically operated vehicle can take place both by means of at least one wired connection between the quick charging station and the vehicle and also wirelessly, for example by induction. For charging via an electrical conductor, the quick charging station has at least one connection for a charging cable of the vehicle or itself at least one charging cable for connection to the vehicle. The quick charging station preferably provides connections and / or cables for a plurality of different standardized charging sockets or plugs. In this case, the fast charging station has at least one charging port, preferably at least two charging ports for the simultaneous charging of two electrically operated vehicles.

As a device for energy management is first understood any device or each network of several devices that are suitable to control the energy flows in the solar charging station, regulate and / or monitor. In addition, the device for energy management may also include a load management and measuring and / or regulating device. Furthermore, the device for energy management preferably has at least one industrial PC, by means of which the respective data are processed. Preferably, the device for energy management also includes a database server for archiving this data.

The power frequency meter may be either a standalone meter or a part of a metering arrangement, with the power frequency meter being used continuously the frequency of the power supply network of the power supply can be monitored at or in the solar charging station with a measuring frequency of at least 1 mHz. Preferably, the measuring frequency of the power frequency meter is at least 0.1 mHz in order to be able to carry out a regulation of the primary energy output of the solar charging station based on a plurality of values, wherein a PID controller or a corresponding algorithm is very particularly preferably used.

Further preferably, the mains frequency measuring device has an interface for time synchronization or for synchronization of the measuring process with other mains frequency measuring devices, the interface particularly preferably allowing communication via GSM. In the method, a measurement of the mains frequency by means of the mains frequency measuring device preferably takes place permanently or periodically with a measuring frequency of at least 1 Hz, particularly preferably of 1 MHz and very particularly preferably of 0.1 MHz.

Under the energy management is understood in particular the regulation of the individual components of the solar charging station and, where appropriate, the conversion of currents or voltages between the solar module, the energy storage, the power supply network and / or also connected to the fast charging station vehicles. In addition, the energy management independently regulates the stabilization of the grid frequency by feeding or withdrawing energy or control power into or out of the power supply network. In particular, the aspects of the current state of charge or of the currently available capacity of the energy storage, the required or interrogated capacity of a vehicle connected to the charging, the power currently provided by the solar module and / or the current network frequency of the power supply network can be taken into account. Furthermore, however, other influences can also be included in the energy management, such as user inputs or commands from the operator of the solar filling station or the line network, average consumption statistics or predictions regarding the consumption or the power available via the solar module.

In particular, it is the task of the energy management to contrast the energy consumers and energy sources and in each case to ensure an adequate supply of consumers. By means of the energy management is preferably a temporary storage of excess energy from the solar module, which is not immediately used for charging an electrically operated vehicle in the energy storage. In addition or in addition, a feed into the mains supply of the power supply can be made against payment. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a maximization of self-consumption and minimization of the absorption of energy from the power supply network of the power supply is achieved by means of the device for energy management.

In a preferred embodiment of the solar charging station according to the invention this has a controllable with a frequency of at least 1 mhz charge controller energy storage management of the energy storage and / or with a frequency of at least 1 mHz controllable inverter for feeding from the energy storage in the power supply network of the power supply, thereby Advantageously, a particularly rapid provision of primary control energy and a particularly good and rapid adaptation to fluctuations in the grid frequency is possible.

The inverter is at least for charging the energy storage, in particular from the mains supply of the power supply, as well as for power supply from the energy storage and / or the solar module provided in the line network of the power supply, thereby easily a bidirectional exchange of energy with the power supply network is made possible. In this case, the inverter is at least designed so as to convert the DC voltage of the energy storage in AC voltage that can be fed directly into the power supply network of the power supply. In addition, it is also possible in principle to convert the DC voltage of the solar module into AC voltage. The charge controller of an energy storage management is provided at least for charging or discharging the energy store from the solar module and / or from the power supply network of the power supply.

In a further preferred embodiment of the solar charging station according to the invention is a power output stage of the solar module and particularly preferably all output stages of the solar modules or with a frequency of at least 1 mHz can be regulated, whereby a particularly rapid down control of the solar module made available line is possible, which in particular may be useful or even necessary if the nominal network frequency is exceeded. The power output stage is initially basically a component that is arranged between the solar module and the other elements of the solar charging station, in particular the storage unit or a consumer, and by means of which the power provided by the solar module can be regulated.

In a preferred embodiment of the solar filling station according to the invention is the Quick charging station suitable both for charging an electrically powered vehicle, as well as for discharging a vehicle for charging the energy storage and / or for feeding into the power supply network, which increases the storage capacity of the solar station by connected vehicles in a particularly simple manner and a more comprehensive stabilization of the network the power supply is enabled. Particularly preferably, this is done according to ISO / IEC15118. In particular, the capacity of permanently, for example, overnight or during a long absence, connected to the solar charging station vehicles can be used. For this purpose, the quick charging station is preferably formed bidirectional and the solar charging station particularly preferably has a corresponding inverter and / or a corresponding charge controller.

According to a likewise preferred embodiment of the solar charging station according to the invention, the rapid charging station allows at least the same time charging and / or discharging two electrically powered vehicles with a respective charging power at AC of 22 kW and / or DC power of 50 kW, whereby a rapid loading or unloading of the Vehicle is guaranteed. Particularly preferably, the fast charging column allows charging with alternating current up to 43 kW, very particularly preferably at the fast charging station charging options for two vehicles at 50 kW DC and / or 43 kW AC exist at the same time. Furthermore, at least one simultaneous charging of a vehicle with alternating current and a vehicle with direct current and / or of two vehicles with alternating current is possible.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the solar charging station according to the invention at least the device for energy management, preferably all electronic components are arranged on and / or within a closed building, the building is particularly preferably formed on the basis of a sea freight container, which in a particularly simple manner and very quickly a solar filling station can be built. The sea freight container is a standardized bulk container made of metal, in particular steel, which is preferably formed according to the specifications of ISO standard 668. Further preferably, the interior of the building is thermally insulated with isothermal elements, in particular with 120 mm Isotherm wall elements on the ceiling and / or with 60 mm Isotherm wall elements on the walls, to optimize the service life of the energy storage by constant temperature control and reduction of Energy consumption by eliminating or reducing a necessary cooling or heating to achieve. Furthermore, the building, in particular the sea freight container, is preferably set or erected on point foundations and fastened thereto in order to achieve in a particularly simple manner a stationary arrangement and at the same time protection against substrate moisture. Very particular preference is given to at least all four corners of the sea freight container point foundations. Furthermore, a double bottom, in particular with a height of 380 mm, is preferably provided inside the building, within which cable laying of the electrical equipment of the solar filling station is particularly preferred.

A preferred development of the solar charging station according to the invention has an interface for networking multiple solar charging stations for data and / or energy exchange, which in a particularly simple manner, a synchronized or coordinated operation, for example, in relation to a provision of primary control energy in the power supply network reached can be. Furthermore, an imbalance in the available charging capacities or the state of charge of the individual energy storage of the solar filling stations can be compensated by a direct networking of several solar charging stations.

A particularly advantageous development of the solar charging station according to the invention has a communication interface for communication with the operator of the power supply network and / or the operator of the solar charging station. The communication can basically be done in any way. It is preferably a digital radio interface, in particular a radio interface via 3G / GSM. Furthermore, communication takes place via OCCP 1.5 (Open Charge Point Protocol), OCCP 1.6 and / or OCCP 2.0 , A direct communication and / or accessibility of an operator of the pipeline network allows a simple change of the solar charging station between different operating conditions and a particularly simple and efficient participation of the solar filling station on the primary and secondary control energy market, in particular by the direct receipt of a request or notification of the operator Line network about required energy. Furthermore, the communication interface allows the operator of the solar charging station remote monitoring, maintenance and operation management, whereby the solar filling station can be operated very economically without staff on site.

In a preferred embodiment of the solar charging station according to the invention, a visualization of the operating parameters, in particular the instantaneous energy flow direction and / or services, in particular the performance of the solar module, takes place at the installation site, for which purpose a suitable display device, in particular a monitor, displays LED at the solar charging station. or LCD display is arranged. Particularly preferably, the display device is arranged outside a building of the solar charging station visible to a user or customer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the provision of energy for the primary control energy market is controlled by the device for energy management based on the measured network frequency and is controlled without an external control signal, for example by the operator of the solar charging station on site or by remote control, creating a particularly simple and efficient integration into an existing power supply network is possible. In this case, each solar filling station preferably stabilizes the line network of the power supply autonomously or fully automatically, at least in a corresponding operating mode of the solar filling station. In addition, participation in the primary control energy market can be initiated by communication or a signal from the operator of the solar charging station or the power grid.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention stabilizes the power network of the power supply from a deviation from a nominal network frequency value of ± 0.01 Hz, whereby each solar station with a corresponding control threshold of only ± 0.01 Hz already in the dead band of the allowed mains frequency deviation of ± 20 mHz contributes to the stabilization and thereby allows a particularly fine and fast control of the mains frequency close to the nominal network frequency.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the provision of energy by the solar filling station for the primary control energy market takes place within a maximum of 30 s, preferably a maximum of 20 s and more preferably a maximum of 15 s. Furthermore, the feed into the network, preferably with a power of at least 22 kW, more preferably of at least 50 kW and most preferably of at least 100 kW, for a period of at least 15 minutes, preferably at least 30 minutes and more preferably at least 60 minutes take place, in particular without the operation of the solar charging station must be set. Particular preference is still possible to charge a maximum number of electrically operated vehicles at the solar charging station.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the energy storage device is charged by the device for energy management and / or by the solar module and / or by charging from the line network of the power supply only up to a maximum filling capacity, which is smaller than the total capacity of the energy store and in particular 63 % of the total capacity, and discharged by means of the fast charging only up to a minimum filling capacity, which is greater than 0kWh, preferably greater than 20% of the total capacity of the energy storage and particularly preferably 37% of the total capacity of the energy storage corresponds, whereby always sufficient in normal operation of the solar charging station Free storage capacity remains to absorb energy to reduce the grid frequency or enough energy remains in the energy storage to feed energy to increase the grid frequency can. The remaining capacity that is not used in normal operation is thus available as or for primary control energy.

In order to reduce the mains frequency while energy can be absorbed through the maximum capacity, preferably up to the maximum capacity of the energy storage, particularly preferably this energy as soon as possible again, either to the mains of the power supply or the fast charging station to be charged to an electrically powered vehicle or is delivered to another connected consumer in the solar charging station, such as lighting and / or air conditioning or other technical building equipment.

In order to increase the mains frequency energy can be delivered beyond the minimum filling capacity, in which case a discharge of the energy storage under 20% of the total capacity is in principle not possible in order to avoid a deep discharge of the energy storage. Most preferably, the energy storage has a usable capacity of 342 kWh with a minimum filling capacity of 86 kWh and a maximum filling capacity of 428 kWh.

If the maximum filling capacity of the energy store has not yet been reached and the solar module provides more energy than is consumed, for example, by the fast charging station, in a preferred embodiment of the method the energy store is charged up to the maximum filling capacity. Further preferably, the rapid charging station is primarily operated with energy from the solar module and related only at an insufficient power further energy from the energy storage or the power supply network. In the case of too low a line frequency, however, it is preferable to give priority to feeding energy from the solar module and / or the energy store into the supply network of the power supply, wherein the energy store particularly preferably only differentiates between the available energy from the solar module and the energy store energy needed to stabilize the grid frequency.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the device for energy management regulates the charging and discharging of the energy storage of the solar charging station, in particular the provision of energy for the primary control energy market such that always a defined number of full loads, in particular at least one full charge for an electrically powered vehicle per day is available and an electrically powered vehicle can be charged accordingly. In this case, the capacity required for a full charge can be predetermined both by the user or operator of the solar charging station, as well as, in particular in a solar charging station used only for a single electrically operated vehicle, an automatic determination by means of the previous charging statistics or by querying the battery management of the electrically operated Vehicle done.

Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solar module, the energy storage management and the fast charging are controlled by the device for energy management in opposite directions to the deviation of the measured network frequency of the nominal network frequency value, with a stabilization of the network due to a low line frequency, the power of charging the energy storage and / or an electrically operated vehicle at the fast-charging station are reduced or interrupted and stabilize the line network due to a high grid frequency, the delivery of energy is interrupted in the power supply network, so that the operating state of the solar station in a particularly simple manner and very quickly the current deviation of the mains frequency from the nominal network frequency can be adjusted. For this purpose, in particular, preferably all components of the solar filling station for controlling energy consumers and energy producers at least a control frequency of 1 mHz.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solar module is additionally down-regulated or deactivated by means of a power output stage in a stabilization of the pipeline network due to an excessive network frequency by means of the device for energy management, especially if the energy storage is already too full or the energy storage already its maximum Filling capacity has reached.

In a likewise preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention stabilization of the grid frequency in the calculation and control by means of the device for energy management is always treated prioritized, especially before charging an electrically powered vehicle at the fast charging station, charging the energy storage or energy production by means of the solar module, wherein it is particularly preferred to compensate for a too low line frequency unneeded, existing excess power, in particular of the solar module, is used for charging an electrically operated vehicle or the energy storage.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solar charging station in addition to the automatic monitoring and stabilization of the network frequency also receive a signal to provide energy for the primary and / or secondary control energy market via an interface with the network operator, the signal reception or data exchange with the Grid operator with respect to the required control energy by telecontrol protocol, in particular telecontrol IEC 60870-5-104, is carried out, which in a particularly simple way integrating a solar charging station in the existing infrastructure of a network operator is possible. Particularly preferably, the solar filling station can provide secondary control power based on a signal from the operator.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the devices for energy management of multiple solar charging stations communicate with each other and thereby data, such as the level of the energy storage or the operating state, and / or electrical energy, in particular for inclusion in the energy storage exchange. Particularly preferably, at least two and most preferably more than two solar filling stations are connected locally, which advantageously allows operation as a pool participant in the primary control energy market, in particular taking into account the technical connection conditions of the transmission system operator ENTSO-E. For this purpose, each solar filling station preferably meets the technical requirements of the corresponding prequalification procedure according to the complete rules and requirements of the transmission system operators.

In addition, several solar filling stations can also exchange location-related information, for example the time profile of the available solar power, so that in each case a prognosis of the soon to be necessary operating state or on a shortly necessary regulation of the grid frequency can be made. For example, in the case of a known wind direction and / or general weather conditions, for example by means of information from the Internet, cloud cover can already affect it Solar gas stations report the locomotive cloud front to soon also affected solar charging stations, so that they adjust their operating behavior and, for example - as long as the current grid frequency allows - the energy storage from the mains supply of the power supply as much as possible.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solar charging station is operated by means of the device for energy management in one of at least two different operating conditions, wherein in a first operating state primarily energy from the solar module and / or discharged from the energy storage to the mains if required as the primary control energy or If necessary energy is taken from the mains network in the energy storage, but particularly preferably always at least the amount of energy for a charge of an electrically powered vehicle per day, for example, 80 kWh, remains in the energy storage, and wherein in a second operating state self-consumption is maximized and Preferably, a charge of an electrically operated vehicle may be made only from the energy of the solar module and / or the energy storage.

In the first operating state and / or in a further third operating state, the energy store of the solar charging station is preferably completely controlled by means of the energy management device, which means in particular that the energy store must implement the charging and discharging commands from the energy management. The control is carried out depending on the available capacity of the energy storage and / or determined by means of the measured network frequency stability of the power supply network. If required, the solar charging station can also draw energy from the power grid of the power supply for charging the energy storage or an electrically powered vehicle, in particular in a cross over the power supply network and the charge of the energy storage.

Furthermore, in the second operating state, the supply of energy from the line network is preferably minimized. Particularly preferably, the charge of an electrically operated vehicle takes place only from the energy of the solar module or a charge may only be made in excess of the energy generated by the solar module. Finally, in the second operating state or, alternatively, in a fourth operating state, the supply of energy from the pipeline network and / or any energy exchange with the pipeline network can be prevented, so that the charging of an electrically operated vehicle can take place exclusively via the energy store or the solar module from solar energy. In particular, island operation of the solar filling station is thus possible independently of the mains supply network.

The operating status can be selected remotely via the digital radio interface, locally via the local user interface or automatically. In this case, the device for energy management monitors the choice of the operating state, at least to the effect that damage to the solar charging station or a component of the solar charging station is prevented.

For billing of the extracted energy with a customer takes place in an advantageous development of the method according to a communication with a central cost center or a back office of the operator of the solar charging station, the communication preferably by means of a digital radio interface, particularly preferably by means of a mobile radio connection, in particular 3G / GSM and / or OCCP 1.5 he follows.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a detection of operating and operating conditions and measured values within the solar charging station, in particular by means of the device for energy management, wherein the collected data particularly preferably subsequently processed in the solar charging station or processed. Furthermore, a storage / archiving in a database server of the solar filling station and / or a transmission to the operator of the solar filling station preferably takes place or subsequently.

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer bidirektionalen Solartankstelle.

An embodiment of the bidirectional solar charging station according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In the figure shows:

• 1 a perspective view of a bidirectional solar charging station.

An in 1 illustrated, bidirectional solar filling station 1 has a shelter formed as a carport 5 , a building 6 and a fast charging station 3 for charging an electric vehicle.

The shelter 5 includes a roof 4 by means of a substructure 8th made of aluminum on microfunders 9 is supported on the ground. This shows the roof 4 an inclination and is designed so that it is designed for wind speeds up to 27.5 m / s and a load capacity of 120 kg / m ² . On the sky-facing surface of the roof 4 are several solar modules 2 set next to each other.

The building 6 is completely under the shelter 5 , where it is on the side of shelter 5 is arranged, which has the smallest distance to the ground. The building 6 is made up of a converted ocean-going container, which rests on point foundations at all four corners, so that no surface water enters the building 6 can penetrate. Inside, the ocean container has an insulation of all exterior walls with 60 mm isotherm wall elements and the ceiling with 120 mm isothermal elements. The floor is formed as a raised floor at a height of 380 mm, whereby the entire cable installation takes place within the double floor.

On an exterior wall of the building 6 is a user interface formed as a touch-sensitive screen 7 arranged on the one hand, on the one hand the energy balance from means of solar modules 2 On the other hand, the energy to charge the electric vehicle can pay.

To charge the electric vehicle is under the shelter 5 a fast charging station 3 which can be used for two vehicles at the same time each for a charging with 22kW AC or 50 kW DC.

Inside the building 6 is a formed from lithium-ion accumulators energy storage with a total capacity of 200 kWh and an industrial PC arranged, the control of the solar charging station and in particular the energy and load management of the solar filling station is done by means of the industrial PC.

Here is the solar filling station 1 electrically connected to a line network of the power supply and can electrical energy from the energy storage, the solar modules 2 or an energy storage device at the fast charging station 3 fed electric vehicle in the power grid or remove it from it.

In the case of energy and load management, that of the solar modules is constantly being used 2 provided electrical energy, the need for energy for the charging of electric vehicles and the current grid frequency of the power supply network monitored and taken as needed excess energy in the energy storage and released from this. In this case, however, a feed into the power supply network of the power supply to a stabilization of the pipeline network only if in the energy storage while sufficient energy for charging of at least two electric vehicles remains.

In a method for operating the solar charging station is preferably continuously tested by measurements of the mains frequency by means of a mains frequency meter, whether a stabilization of the network of the power supply is necessary.

If this is not necessary, then it is checked whether a vehicle to be charged is connected to the quick charging station. If this is the case, the energy required for this purpose is initially made available from the solar module and additionally from the energy store, as long as the energy store is not discharged below the minimum permissible fill level of 37% of the total capacity. If no energy is available from the solar module and from the energy storage device for the fast charging station, charging takes place from the power supply line as long as the grid frequency is stable.

If, on the other hand, an insufficient grid frequency of less than 49.99 Hz is detected during the test of the grid frequency, any possible charging of an electrically operated vehicle at the fast charging station and charging of the energy store will be stopped immediately. Subsequently, it is checked whether sufficient energy for network stabilization from the solar module is available. If this is not the case, then additional energy from the energy storage is provided.

If an excessively high mains frequency of more than 50.01 Hz is finally detected during the test of the mains frequency, then the charge of the energy store is promptly activated and, if necessary, the solar module is regulated down or even deactivated via the power output stage.

In addition, the solar filling station 1 be operated temporarily or permanently in stand-alone operation independently of the mains supply of the power supply, in which case if necessary, the charging of an electrically operated vehicle at the fast charging station 3 exclusively by means of solar energy from the solar module 2 or the energy storage takes place.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

solar charging station

2

solar module

3

Quick charger

4

top, roof

5

shelter

6

building

7

User interface

8th

substructure

9

micro foundation

Claims (10)

Bidirectional solar charging station (1) for charging electrically powered vehicles and for participating in the control energy market, comprising - a solar module (2) for generating electrical energy, - an energy store, - a rapid charging station (3) for at least one electrically powered vehicle, - a bidirectional Power connection for removal and for feeding electrical energy into the power supply network, characterized by - a power frequency meter with a measuring frequency of at least 1 mHz and - a device for energy management to control the flow of energy between the solar module (2), the energy storage, the network of Power supply, wherein by means of the device for energy management in dependence of the measured with the mains frequency meter power supply from the energy storage and the solar module (2) in the mains supply of the power supply and a removal from the line network in the energy storage is controllable. Bidirectional solar filling station according to Claim 1 characterized by a controllable with a frequency of at least 1 mHz controller of an energy storage management for charging the energy storage and / or with a frequency of at least 1 mHz controllable inverter for feeding from the energy storage in the power supply network. Bidirectional solar filling station according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a power output stage of the solar module (2) with a frequency of at least 1 MHz is adjustable. Method for operating a bidirectional solar charging station (1) for charging electrically powered vehicles and for participation in the control energy market, in which by means of a mains frequency meter, the mains frequency of the power supply network with a measuring frequency of at least 1 mHz is measured and measured network frequency to a device for energy management be transferred, wherein the device for energy management the energy obtained by means of a solar module (2) is distributed to a rapid charging station (3) for an electrically operated vehicle, an energy store of the solar charging station (1) and the power supply network, - Controls the charging of the electrically powered vehicle from the solar module (2) and from the energy storage and the power supply network, as well - Depends on the measured network frequency of the power supply network, the provision of energy for the primary control energy market of the line network of the power supply from the energy storage and the solar module (2) regulates. Method according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the supply of energy for the primary control energy market is controlled by the device for energy management on the basis of the measured mains frequency and takes place without an external control signal. Method according to Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that a stabilization of the power network of the power supply is performed from a deviation from a nominal network frequency value of ± 0.01 Hz. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy store is charged by means of the device for energy management and by means of the solar module (2) only up to a maximum filling capacity, which is smaller than the total capacity of the energy storage, in particular 63% of the total capacity , and by means of the rapid charging station (3) is discharged only up to a minimum filling capacity which is greater than 0 kWh, preferably greater than 20% of the total capacity of the energy store and more preferably 37% of the total capacity of the energy store. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the device for energy management, the solar module (2), an energy storage management for charging and discharging the energy storage and the fast charging (3) are controlled in opposite directions to the deviation of the measured network frequency of the desired network frequency value, wherein - in a stabilization of the pipeline network due to a low grid frequency, the performance of charging the energy storage and / or an electrically powered vehicle at the rapid charging station (3) are reduced or interrupted and - in a stabilization of the pipeline network due to a high grid frequency, the release of Energy is interrupted in the mains supply of the power supply. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that additionally or alternatively, the solar module (2) is down-regulated or deactivated by means of a power output stage in a stabilization of the line network due to a high network frequency by means of the device for energy management. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stabilization of the grid frequency in the calculation and control by means of the device for energy management is always treated prioritized, especially before charging an electrically operated vehicle at the fast charging station (3), the loading of Energy storage or energy production by means of the solar module (2), being used to compensate for a low grid frequency unneeded, existing excess power, in particular of the solar module (2), for charging an electrically powered vehicle or the energy storage.

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