DE202014001367U1 - Intelligent charging controller for adaptive charging of electric vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Automatic power control of a charging device for electric vehicles depending on the power of a self-generating system (adaptive charge control) - zero-sum control at the network handover

Description

State of the art and its underlying problems

As part of the energy transition, more and more homeowners have installed a photovoltaic system on their roof. This supplies the base load of the house during the day and in most cases feeds the surplus electricity into the public grid. On average, this fed-in electricity is 70%, and the directly used share is 30% of the energy generated. Due to the strongly decreasing remuneration of the injected energy, it becomes more and more important to consume the electricity itself. In some cases, there is a difference of 20 eurocents between the cost of self-supply and the costs of supply (as of February 2014).

If such a homeowner acquires an electric car, then comes a short time after the desire / thought to refuel the car directly from the locally generated solar power. This makes sense because the electric car has a high power consumption and thus increase the proportionate self-consumption in the household drastically and lower the cost of electricity.

The prior art is charging an electric car by means of a wallbox or an ICCB cable to a three-phase connection or a conventional household socket. With these two options, one can only have little influence on the direct additional consumption of self-generated energy.

• a.) Man hat eine hinreichend große Photovoltaikanlage auf dem Dach, die den Leistungsbedarf des Fahrzeuges genügt, und lädt dann während der Hauptsonnenstunden zwischen 10–14 Uhr.
• b.) Man aktiviert und deaktiviert eine hinreichend kleine Ladeleistung durch Einstecken/Herausziehen des Ladekabels, in Abhängigkeit des Sonnenstandes und dem Blick auf den Stromzähler.

Currently, there are only two ways to influence an economically viable cargo on a self-generating system:

• a.) One has a sufficiently large photovoltaic system on the roof, which satisfies the power requirement of the vehicle, and then loads during the main sun hours between 10-14 clock.
• b.) Activate and deactivate a sufficiently small charging power by plugging / unplugging the charging cable, depending on the position of the sun and the view of the electricity meter.

Another current problem for electric car owners is the high power consumption of vehicles with fast chargers. These often want to draw more power from the home network than the actual house connection gives.

• a.) Man erhöht die Leistung des Hausanschluss, was in vielen europäischen Ländern einen monatlichen Aufpreis von > 70 € bedeutet. (vgl. Niederlande)
• b.) Man beschneidet die Ladeeinrichtung (Wallbox oder Fahrzeug) so, dass sie nur mit begrenzter Leistung das Fahrzeug auflädt. Dies verlängert die Ladezeiten erheblich.

There are currently also solutions here:

• a.) Increases the performance of the house connection, which means a monthly surcharge of> 70 € in many European countries. (see Netherlands)
• b.) Cut the charging device (wallbox or vehicle) so that it only charges the vehicle with limited power. This considerably increases the loading times.

• 1.) Man nutzt genau nur so viel Leistung zum Laden, wie an Überschuss der Eigenerzeugeranlage ins öffentliche Netz fließen würde.
• 2.) Man lädt dynamisch geregelt nur so viel an Leistung in das Auto, wie es die Haussicherung und andere Verbraucher im Haus dies in diesem Augenblick zulassen.

Both problems can be solved as follows:

• 1.) One uses exactly as much power for charging, as would flow to surplus of the self-generating system into the public network.
• 2.) Dynamically charged loads only as much power in the car, as it allow the home security and other consumers in the house at this moment.

Both solutions require active power control, which is provided by the Smart Charging Controller to be protected here.

Without an active power control, a continuous zero-sum reference at the house transfer point would not be possible. Either you would need to buy extra energy to load from the public grid or you do not use all the available self-generating energy, which would then flow into the then public network.

Troubleshooting

The new intelligent charging controller (Smart Charging Controller) takes over the task of centralized charge control of the vehicle depending on the current self-generated electricity, the general consumption in the house and specific settings of the user. The controller optimizes the load so that a zero sum is created at the house transfer point.

The intelligent charging controller is mounted directly after the main meter of the energy supplier. There, he measures the current benefit receipt or the delivery of the entire house on all current phases in real time. In addition to the active power, other relevant data are also recorded there and included in the control. These are u. a. the apparent power and the power factors.

If there is sufficient active power of the self-generating system (s), the loading of an infected vehicle is automatically activated. The charge power is started so that the vehicle receives only as much energy as would otherwise flow into the public grid. If the self-generating power (change in the sun's position) in the house increases, the charging power of the vehicle is increased until it comes to a zero reference at the house transfer point again. If other energy consumers are switched on in the household during a charge of a vehicle, these have a priority and the charge of the vehicle is dynamically adjusted downwards. If the energy is freely available again after a household consumption has been switched off, the charging power of the vehicle is corrected upwards.

During the entire dynamic control, attention is paid to the maximum permissible load of the house entrance fuses. Threatening these fuses to be overloaded, the charging power is adjusted downwards. This takes place in sufficient time, so that a blow-out of the fuses in the house is prevented by overload.

An intelligent logic and rating system recognizes user behavior and volatile weather conditions. Depending on this and various other external and internal parameters, charge control is carried out.

This intelligent charging controller is a novelty. So far, there is no automatic control unit of a vehicle charge depending on external factors. The controller integrates the power measurement unit, the intelligent control and control of the external charging box (Wallbox) in one device. The very precise regulation guarantees optimal use of the free energy in the house.

achieved advantages

The intelligent charging controller (Smart Charging Controller) allows the maximum use of self-generated energy in an electric vehicle and in the home. Since the self-generated electricity is much cheaper than grid-connected electricity, the consumption costs of an electric car to 100 km to about 50-60% (photovoltaic). If the electricity is generated in combination with a combined heat and power system, reductions of 70-80% are possible. (As of February 2014)

By reaching the continuous zero reference at the house transfer point, a load on the public network is avoided. The home network is fully transparent as a virtual island and enables the stabilization of electricity grids.

Claims (5)

automatic power control of a charging device for electric vehicles as a function of the power of a self-generating system (adaptive charge control) zero-sum control at the grid transfer Dynamic adjustment of the charging power, taking into account the maximum performance of the home security and under the influence of other, activated household consumers intelligent assessment of power fluctuations to determine optimal charge control, e.g. B. changing irradiation conditions of a photovoltaic system through clouds Priority automatic for household consumers before charging an electric car parametrizable specifications by the user, such. B. vehicle selection, infrastructure information to influence the scheme

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