WO2009157898A1 - Charges décalées de batteries pour des batteries multiples - Google Patents

Charges décalées de batteries pour des batteries multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009157898A1
WO2009157898A1 PCT/US2008/007938 US2008007938W WO2009157898A1 WO 2009157898 A1 WO2009157898 A1 WO 2009157898A1 US 2008007938 W US2008007938 W US 2008007938W WO 2009157898 A1 WO2009157898 A1 WO 2009157898A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charge
battery
batteries
charging
profiles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/007938
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael J. Brandon
Original Assignee
Eveready Battery Company, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eveready Battery Company, Inc. filed Critical Eveready Battery Company, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US2008/007938 priority Critical patent/WO2009157898A1/fr
Publication of WO2009157898A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009157898A1/fr
Priority to US12/973,964 priority patent/US8823324B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the following generally relates to charging batteries, and more particular to charging two or more batteries, using a different charge profile for at least two of the batteries.
  • a conventional multi-battery battery charger typically charges the batteries inserted therein using the same charge profile.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 respectively show individual and aggregate charge profiles for a prior art technique in which Batteries A and B, each with a charge capacity of twenty-four hundred (2400) milliamp hours (mAh), are concurrently charged for thirty (30) minutes.
  • the x-axis represents the charge time in units of minutes
  • the y-axis represents the charging current in units of Amperes (A)
  • the curves represent the charge profiles, or the charging current as a function of the charge time.
  • battery charging includes generating a plurality of charge profiles, each for a different one of a plurality of batteries, wherein a charge profile indicates a charge current as a function of charge time, and at least two of the charge profiles have a different charge current at a same charge time, and concurrently charging each of the plurality of batteries based on a corresponding charge profile.
  • a battery charger in another aspect, includes a battery charge profile generator that generates a different charge profile for each of a plurality of batteries to be charged, wherein at least two of the charge profiles are staggered in that they include charge current profiles that differ from each other over time, and charging circuitry that concurrently charges batteries based on respective generated charge profiles.
  • a battery charger includes charging circuitry that concurrently charges two or more batteries based on individual unique charge profiles.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a first prior art charge profile
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates a second prior art charge profile
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an aggregation of the first and second prior art charge profiles from FIGURES 1 and 2;
  • FIGURE 4 illustrate an example battery charging method using staggered battery charge profiles
  • FIGURE 5 illustrate a first charge profile
  • FIGURE 6 illustrate a second charge profile, which is staggered with respect to the first charge profile of FIGURE 5;
  • FIGURE 7 illustrates an aggregation of the staggered first and second charge profiles from FIGURES 6 and 7;
  • FIGURE 8 illustrate an example battery charger that uses staggered battery charge profiles.
  • the term battery includes a configuration of one or more energy storage devices (e.g., electrochemical cells, capacitors, etc.) in series, parallel, or both, including a battery pack of two or more sets of cells or sets of batteries in series, parallel, or both.
  • energy storage devices e.g., electrochemical cells, capacitors, etc.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a method for charging one or more batteries (rechargeable or secondary batteries).
  • a different charge profile is generated for at least two batteries to be charged, rendering a staggered charge profile configuration in that at least two charge profiles include charge current curves that differ from each other as a function of charge time.
  • Such charge profiles may include a charging current that fluctuates (decreases and increases) over the charge interval based on various factors.
  • suitable factors include, but are not limited to, one or more of the charge capacity of each battery, the charge state of each battery, the charge time for each battery, a power draw of the charger, the number of batteries being charged, the temperature of each battery, a user defined charging parameter, etc.
  • the charge profile for each battery is optimized, based on the various factors, for example, for charging efficiency. As described in greater detail below, using unique or different charge profiles may decrease the power draw of the charger, decreasing cost, and efficiently charging the batteries, for example, by continuously charging each battery, while adjusting the charging current for each battery in light of temperature and/or other considerations.
  • the charge profiles are used to concurrently selectively charge the one or more batteries being charged. It is to be appreciated that one or more of the charge profiles can be changed while charging the one or more batteries. For instance, a battery may be removed and/or a battery may be added, which may affect one or more of the charge profiles. In another instance, the state of a battery may transition to an unanticipated state (charged faster or slower than expected, short circuited, etc,), which may result in a change to one or more of the charge profiles. In addition, one or more of the charge profiles may be changed for energy efficiency purposes.
  • each charge profile is based on various factors. In one instance, each charge profile is based on the following equation:
  • CC(t) is the charge current for a charge profile as a function of time (t)
  • CC is a charge current made available
  • A(t) is a first factor as a function of time
  • B(t) is a second factor as a function of time, etc.
  • a N (t) is a scaling factor which weights or scales the charge current supplied to each active channel based on the number of active channels.
  • AN(O can be determined as 1 / (number of active charge channels).
  • a N (O can a lso be weighted such that in the two battery case Ai(t) ⁇ A 2 (O and A 1 (O + A 2 (t) ⁇ 1.
  • the number of active channels can be automatically determined by sensing when a battery is inserted into and/or removed from a battery charging bay and/or manually entered.
  • a N is based on a state of charge (SOC) of the Nth battery, or 1 - % capacity.
  • SOC state of charge
  • a discharged Nth battery will receive charge current CC N (O
  • a partially charged Nth battery will receive a fraction of charge current CC N (O based on its current charge state, and a charged Nth battery will not be charged.
  • Various approaches can be used to determine the state of charge including, but not limited to, determining the SOC based on a closed circuit voltage (CCV), an open circuit voltage (OCV), etc.
  • a N O 1S a scaling factor that based on a temperature of the corresponding battery, a neighboring battery, or a combination thereof.
  • the scaling factor is obtained from a look up table (LUT) or the like, which maps a weight to a range of battery temperatures.
  • LUT look up table
  • an example scaling factor may be one (1) at twenty-five (25) degrees Celsius ( 0 C), zero (0) at sixty (60) 0 C, and X between twenty-five (25) and at sixty (60) 0 C, wherein X is > 0 and ⁇ 1.
  • a corresponding weight can be obtained from the LUT.
  • such relationship between the temperature and the weigh may be linear or non-linear.
  • the scaling factor is determined through the expansion of an equation describing the mapping.
  • the temperature of a neighboring charging battery may additionally or alternatively be used.
  • a N (O 1S a scaling factor based on a charging priority For example, it may be desirable to charge a subset of a plurality of batteries being charged faster than other ones of the plurality of batteries. For example, a user may fill some or all of the battery bays (e.g., eight (8)) with batteries, desiring to use a subset (e.g., two (2)) of the batteries.
  • the bays may be pre-prioritized so that simply inserting a battery into a bay sets the priority.
  • the priority is manually set, for example, by the user, by the order in which the batteries are inserted into the charger, by a delay between the insertion of the batteries, through a signal provided to the charge, and/or otherwise.
  • a N (O is a weighting factor used to load balance power consumption, for example, based on the time of day, day of the week, the month of the year, etc. For example, a charge profile can be generated taking into account whether charging is taking place during the middle of the day when power consumption is relatively higher or during the night when power consumption is relatively lower. Such a weighting factor can be pre-set or manually set.
  • a combination of the above may be used. For instance, consider an example in which all of the above factors are used and two batteries are being charged, Ai(t) and A 2 (t) are equal to 1/2, Bi(t) and B 2 (t) have respective percent capacities of .2 and .75, and and C 2 (t) respectively are .9 and .45 based on their respective temperatures, Di(t) and D 2 (t) respectively set for a priority of .5 and 1, and Ej(t) and E 2 (t) are equal and set to 1.
  • the initial charge current supplied to each battery is .540 amps (or 12*1/2*.2*.9*.5*1) and 2.025 (or 12* l/2*.75*.45* 1 * 1). These values will fluctuate over time as the battery charges, heats up, etc., as batteries are removed from and/or inserted in the charger, etc.
  • the charge current supplied to each battery would be 1.080 amps (or 12*1/2*.2*.9* 1) and 2.025 (or 12*1/2*.75*.45*1), using the above example parameters. If only the number of active bays were taken into account, the charge current supplied to each battery would be 6 amps.
  • the charge current supplied to each battery would be 6 amps.
  • staggered charge profiles are shown in connection with FIGURES 5, 6, and 7.
  • the x-axis represents the charge time in units of minutes
  • the y-axis represents the charging current in units of Amperes (A)
  • the curve show the charge current as a function of charge time
  • the curves represent the individual and aggregated charge profiles.
  • the illustrated staggered charge profiles are for charging the Batteries A and B, which, as noted above, each have a charge capacity of twenty-four hundred (2400) milliamp hours (mAh), for thirty (30) minutes.
  • staggered charge profiles can be used with chargers that can receive and charge N batteries, wherein N is a positive integer greater than one.
  • charge times may differ from charge profile to charge profile.
  • a charge profile for the Battery A includes initially charging Battery A with eight (8) A of current for the first five (5) minutes. Concurrently, as shown in
  • FIGURE 6 a charge profile for the Battery B includes initially charging Battery B with four (4) A of current for the first five (5) minutes. For the next five (5) minutes, the charging current for the Battery A decreases to four (4) mAh, and the charging current for the Battery B increases to eight (8) mAh. In the illustrated example, this pattern repeats with the charging current for Battery A being eight (8) A of current for the third five (5) minutes and eight (8) mAh for the fourth five (5) minutes, and the charging current for Battery B being four (4) A of current for the third five (5) minutes and four (4) mAh for the fourth five (5) minutes. For the last ten (10) minutes, the charging current for both Batteries A and B decreases to two (2) mAh. Of course, other patterns are contemplated herein, and the illustrated pattern is not limiting.
  • the maximum charging current for fully charging both Batteries A and B is about twelve (12) mAh.
  • the charging circuitry need only draw a maximum of twelve (12) mAh to fully charge two twenty-four hundred (2400) milliamp hours (mAh), for a total charge capacity of forty-eight hundred 4600 mAh, in thirty (30) minutes.
  • the cost of the charging circuitry may be reduced relative to the cost of the charging circuitry that draws a maximum of sixteen (16) A, for fully charging the same batteries, Batteries A and B, over the same period of time.
  • the staggered charge profiles also may help control battery temperature without having to pulse (turn on and off) the charging current, thereby increasing energy efficiency relative to an approach in which the charging current is pulsed. In one instance, this is achieved by reducing the charging current rather than turning it off. Of course, in some embodiments the charging current may still be pulsed.
  • the charging profiles shown in FIGURES 5-7 are examples provided for explanatory and comparative purposes and are not limiting. As such, it is to be understood that other staggered charging profiles are contemplated.
  • the charging profiles may result in a current draw or supply of less than or more than twelve (12) A.
  • the charging profiles may be staggered based on a maximum power or current, which may be twelve (12) A or less, draw of a charger.
  • the decrease and increase in charging current may differ from that shown in FIGURES 5 and.
  • more than two batteries are charged based on corresponding different charge profiles.
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates an example battery charger 800, which uses staggered charge profiles when concurrently charging two or more batteries.
  • the illustrated battery charger 800 includes N bays 802i, 802 2 , ..., 802 N , wherein N is a positive integer equal to or greater than one (1).
  • Each of the bays 802 is configured to receive a rechargeable (secondary) battery. It is to be appreciated that all of the bays 802 may be configured to receive the same size battery or interchangeably the same different size batteries, or one or more of the bays 802 may be configured to receive a battery size(s) that differs from one or more of the other bays 802.
  • batteries may be of any rechargeable chemistry, including, but not limited to, lithium iron disulfide (Li/FeS 2 ), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), zinc manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO 2 ), carbon zinc (CZn), zinc-manganese dioxide, Lithium ion (Li-Ion), nickel-cadmium (NiCd), zinc air, zinc air prismatic, as well as other chemistries.
  • One or more of the bays 802 may additionally or alternatively be configured to receive and charge a batter pack, which includes multiple batteries electrically coupled together and integrated into a single pack.
  • the battery charger 800 further includes battery charging circuitry 804, which supplies a charging current to each of the bays 802 based on respective battery charge profiles.
  • the charging currents may all be the same or at least one of the charging currents may be different from the other charging currents during charging.
  • the charge current supplied to both of the bays 802 may be eight (8) A, or the charge current supplied to one of the bays 802 may be eight (8) A, while the charge current supplied to another one of the bays 802 may be four (4) A.
  • a control component 806 controls the charging circuitry 804.
  • control component 806 activates and deactivates the charging circuitry 804 so that the charging circuitry supplies a charging current or does not supply a charging current to the bays 802.
  • control component 806 controls the charging circuitry 804 based on the staggered charge profiles.
  • control component 806 controls the charging circuitry 804 by providing the staggered charge profiles to the charging circuitry 804, which supplies current to the bays 802 based on the staggered charge profile.
  • the control component 806 also considers the state of charge of the batteries as determined by a state of charge determiner 808 and/or a battery temperature determiner 810 when controlling the charging circuitry 804.
  • the control component 806 can include or be a micro-processor, central processing unit (CPU), or other processing unit. Machine learning or the like may facilitate the control component 806 by determining, inferring, etc. suitable control based on classifiers, probabilities, cost functions, history, heuristics, etc.
  • a staggered charge profile generator 812 generates staggered (different) charge profiles for each battery inserted in the bays 802.
  • the staggered charge profiles may be based on various factors such as, but are not limited to, one or more of the charge capacity of each battery, the charge state of each battery, the charge time for each battery, the maximum current draw, the number of batteries being charge, the temperature of each battery, etc.
  • the charger had a maximum current draw of twelve (12) A and the charge time was thirty (30) minutes, and the charge profiles were generated in accordance therewith such that the maximum aggregate charge current is twelve (12) or less during the charge time.
  • a staggered charge profile algorithm bank 814 stores one or more algorithms that may be used by the staggered charge profile generator 812. Such algorithms may take into account information such as user preferences, bay priorities that determine which bays are likely to include batteries that need to be charge faster than the batteries in lower priority bays, the charge mode (e.g., fast or slow charge), the state of charge of the batteries in the bays, the temperature of the batteries in the bays, etc.
  • a staggered charge profile bank 816 stores staggered charge profiles. Such profiles may have been generated by the staggered charge profile generator 812, uploaded from another source and/or downloaded by another source. In this manner, the control component 806 can use an already generated staggered charge profile if one is suitable or optimal for a particular set of batteries and/or configuration of inserted batteries and/or system settings. The machine learning may also help facilitate determining which stored profile, if any, to use.
  • An input/output component 818 provides a mechanism for receiving input from and/or conveying information to a source external to the battery charger 802. Such a source may be a human or a machine such as a robot, a computer, or the like.
  • suitable input includes, but is not limited to, an input that turns the charger 800 on and off, an input indicative of a desired charge mode (e.g., fast charge, slow charge, etc.), an input indicative of a charge time, an input indicative of a maximum current draw, an input indicative of a bay priority, which may indicate an order in which a maximum charge current is supplied to the bays, as well as other inputs.
  • a desired charge mode e.g., fast charge, slow charge, etc.
  • a maximum current draw e.g., a maximum current draw
  • bay priority e.g., which may indicate an order in which a maximum charge current is supplied to the bays, as well as other inputs.
  • the output may include signals indicative of the state of charge of each battery, the input, messages such as error codes and/or other indicators, etc.
  • Data indicative of the input, the output, and/or other information may also be presented via a presentation component 820, which may include one or more of a seven segment display, a liquid crystal display, one or more light emitting diodes, a flat panel display, and/or other visual device, and/or an audio device such as a speaker or the like.
  • the input/output component 818 may include a pushbutton, slide, dial, audio activate, touch screen and/or other type of switch.
  • one or more of the state of charge component 808, the temperature component 810, the staggered charge profile algorithm bank 814, the staggered charge profile bank 816, the input/output component 818, and/or the presentation component 820 may be omitted.
  • a battery chemistry identifier may is included and determines the chemistry of each battery, and this information can also be used in determining a suitable staggered charge profile. The identification may be made via the input/output component 818 and/or automatic measurement of the battery under one or more various load imparted on the battery by the charger 800 device, for example, via the battery response to changes in load in conjunction with battery open circuit voltage and closed circuit voltage.
  • the method and/or battery charger can be part of a dedicated battery charging device or integrated with one or more other devices such as with a lighting apparatus, an electrical apparatus, an automobile, a computer, etc.
  • the battery charger can also include fault protection circuitry, short circuit detection circuitry, over current detection circuitry, as well as other circuitry employed in battery chargers.

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un procédé de charge de batteries inclut la génération d'une pluralité de profils de charge, chacun pour une batterie différente parmi une pluralité de batteries, un profil de charge indiquant un courant de charge en fonction d'une durée de charge et au moins deux des profils de charge présentant un courant de charge différent pour la même durée de charge, et il inclut la charge simultanée de chacune de la pluralité de batteries sur la base d'un profil de charge correspondant.
PCT/US2008/007938 2008-06-26 2008-06-26 Charges décalées de batteries pour des batteries multiples WO2009157898A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/007938 WO2009157898A1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2008-06-26 Charges décalées de batteries pour des batteries multiples
US12/973,964 US8823324B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2010-12-21 Staggered multi-battery battery charging

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/007938 WO2009157898A1 (fr) 2008-06-26 2008-06-26 Charges décalées de batteries pour des batteries multiples

Related Child Applications (1)

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US12/973,964 Continuation US8823324B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2010-12-21 Staggered multi-battery battery charging

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110043165A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for charging a plug-in electric vehicle
FR2990079A1 (fr) * 2012-04-25 2013-11-01 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Circuit electrique d'un vehicule automobile a plusieurs stockeurs d'electricite
CN104333068A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-02-04 国家电网公司 锂电池充电控制方法、装置和系统及电池管理系统

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KR19980076078A (ko) * 1997-04-04 1998-11-16 박현국 하나의 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한 2차전지충전기와 동시 충전방법
KR20010035670A (ko) * 1999-10-01 2001-05-07 윤종용 배터리팩 및 배터리팩 충전장치
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110043165A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Method for charging a plug-in electric vehicle
US8760115B2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2014-06-24 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method for charging a plug-in electric vehicle
FR2990079A1 (fr) * 2012-04-25 2013-11-01 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Circuit electrique d'un vehicule automobile a plusieurs stockeurs d'electricite
CN104333068A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-02-04 国家电网公司 锂电池充电控制方法、装置和系统及电池管理系统

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