WO2009157681A2 - Water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009157681A2 WO2009157681A2 PCT/KR2009/003343 KR2009003343W WO2009157681A2 WO 2009157681 A2 WO2009157681 A2 WO 2009157681A2 KR 2009003343 W KR2009003343 W KR 2009003343W WO 2009157681 A2 WO2009157681 A2 WO 2009157681A2
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- water quality
- quality improvement
- improvement composition
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- natural minerals
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 241000276569 Oryzias latipes Species 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 etc. to agglomerate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water quality improvement composition capable of improving water quality of water polluted with green tide, fresh-water red tide, and various pollutants by spraying the water quality improvement composition over a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, and the like and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to a water quality improvement composition composed of a mixture of natural minerals, such as clinoptilolite, rock-forming minerals, clay minerals, volcanic ash, dolomite, etc. to agglomerate, precipitate, and decompose pollutants, thereby making it possible to improve water quality including turbidity, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the present invention using natural minerals as main ingredients can improve water quality through only the spraying without a separate large-scale treatment facility and minimizing the influence on aquatic organisms.
- a pollution factor of a reservoir, a river, and a natural lake may include, for example, inflow of pollutants from various point source pollutants and non-point source pollutants, generation of green tide and fresh-water red tide due to the rising of water temperature, eutrophication, etc., inflow of pollutants due to flood, construction work, etc.
- the countermeasures for each type of the water quality pollution may include, for example, various waste-water treatment facilities for the point source pollutants and the non-point source pollutants that are each represented by waste water discharged from various industrial facilities and rainwater initially flowed out of the river at town area, the spraying of water-treating composition over polluted water for removing green tide, fresh-water red tide, etc.
- the causes of degrading water quality in addition to turbidity of a resorvior, a river, and a natural lake and leading to green tide and fresh-water red tide that damage a waterside landscape and a habitat environment of aquatic organisms may include the rising of water temperature and eutrophication.
- the representative causes of the eutrophication may include organic materials or nutrient salt that are excessively inflowed from the point source pollutants and the non-point source pollutants.
- the waste-water treatment facility which treats the organic materials or the nutrient salt, can also perform a role of suppressing the occurrence of green tide and the fresh-water red tide.
- the waste-water treatment facility which purifies polluted water by applying various biological, chemical, and physical treatment methods, can treat high-concentration organic materials as well as nutrient salt.
- the waste-water treatment facility can treat only the waste water discharged from the specific pollution sources within a defined treating capacity. As a result, the facility cannot apply the same treatment methods to general rivers, lakes, etc.
- Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-0053716 discloses an inorganic water-treating agent containing elvan, desulfurizing gypsum, and coal ash.
- the desulfurizing gypsum and the coal ash contain heavy metals and materials harmful to a human body, the heavy metals being included in by-products of the desulfurizing gypsum and coal ash.
- Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-0036795 discloses an inorganic water clarifier manufactured by burning loess, kaolin, and diatomite at a high temperature of 1100 to 1200 °C. However, since the cost required to manufacture the water clarifier is high, water-treating efficiency in relation to the cost is low.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals.
- a powder-type water quality improvement composition in which natural minerals are mixed, comprising: 60 to 80 wt% clinoptilolite, 7 to 15 wt% rock-forming mineral, 5 to 10 wt% high cation exchange capacity (CEC) clay mineral, 5 to 10 wt% volcanic ash, and 2 to 6 wt% dolomite.
- CEC high cation exchange capacity
- a method of manufacturing a water quality improvement composition comprising: crushing clinoptilolite, a rock-forming mineral, a high CEC clay mineral, volcanic ash, and dolomite into powders having a grain size small enough to penetrate a 300 mesh sieve; mixing the crushed powder to form a mixed powder; and crushing the mixed powder again while heating at 150 °C.
- the water quality improvement composition of the present invention agglomerates and precipitates various pollutants in a reservoir, a river, and a natural lake to significantly improve turbidity and decomposes various pollutants to prevent eutrophication that leads to the green tide and the fresh-water red tide, thereby improving water quality.
- the present invention can provide effects of improving a habitat environment of aquatic organisms, securing a waterside landscape, and creating a hydrophilic environment.
- the water quality improvement composition of the present invention purifies a water intake source of water itself without additional treatment facilities, thereby reducing treatment load of various water treatment facilities while decreasing construction cost of related facilities and their maintenance cost
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a pollutant agglomerating principle of a water quality improvement composition according to the present invention
- FIG. 2a and 2c is a photograph of an artificial pond before being treated
- FIG. 2b and 2d is a photograph of the artificial pond after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention
- FIG. 3a is a photograph just after starting a toxic test on Japanese Oryzias latipes and FIG. 3b is a photograph after terminating the toxic test on Japanese Oryzias latipes, when an artificial turbid water was subjected to purification treatment using the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention;
- FIG. 4a is a photograph of Ikisa dam in Japan before being treated
- FIG. 4b is a photograph of Ikisa dam just after being treated
- FIG. 4c is a photograph of Ikisa dam a month after being treated
- FIG. 4d is a photograph of Ikisa dam thirteen months after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5a is a photograph of Mikaeri fall, which is an outflow portion of Ikisa dam, before being treated
- FIG. 5b is a photograph of Mikaeri fall just after being treated
- FIG. 5c is a photograph of Mikaeri fall a month after being treated
- FIG. 5d is a photograph of Mikaeri fall thirteen months after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention.
- the present invention discloses a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the water quality improvement composition of the present invention comprises clinoptilolite and high CEC clay minerals having a large CEC as main ingredients, thereby generating high negative charges on its surface.
- the inventive water quality improvement composition becomes a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals, capable of substituting a large amount of cations.
- the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention is composed of 60 to 80 wt% (% by weight) clinoptilolite, 7 to 15 wt% rock-forming mineral, 5 to 10 wt% high CEC clay mineral, 5 to 10 wt% volcanic ash, and 2 to 6 wt% dolomite.
- Turbid water phenomenon frequently occurring in a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, etc. mainly occurs due to colloidal pollutant particles and the organic materials or the nutrient salt in the pollutant particle leads to eutrophication to cause the green tide and fresh-water red tide phenomenon.
- the pollutant particle has electrically anionic properties.
- the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention comprises clinoptilolite and a high CEC clay mineral, thus possibly substituting a large amount of cations. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the cations are distributed on the surface of pollutant particles having negative charges, and therefore, the water quality improvement composition particles have a reactive structure in that the pollutant particles are agglomerated to enclose the water quality improvement composition particles therein.
- the clinoptilolite used in the present invention as a natural zeolite whose reserves are abundant within a country such as Korea, has a zeolite content of not less than 70 % and a cation substitution capacity of not less than 200 meq/100g owing to development of crystals and pores.
- Si 4+ is partially substituted into Al 3+ in a (Si, Al)O 4 tetrahedron so that a balance between negative (-) and positive (+) charges is lost.
- the clinoptilolite exhibits a negatively charged state due to its structure.
- the surface is substituted from the negatively charged state to a positively charged state by being substituted with a cation.
- the cations on the surface can easily be substituted with other adjacent cations.
- the rock-forming minerals used in the present invention are minerals, such as quartz, muscovite, feldspar, etc., having large specific gravity and are harmless to an aquatic ecosystem.
- the rock-forming minerals increase a specific gravity of an agglomerate to derive precipitation.
- muscovite has antibacterial activity to prevent waterweeds from luxuriating again in the precipitate deposit.
- Quartz, muscovite, and feldspar may be used alone or by a combination of at least two thereof. It is preferable to use quartz, muscovite, and feldspar together.
- a relative weight ratio of these materials is preferably 5 to 8 : 3 to 7 : 1 to 5 in order to effectively control formation of agglomerates and the precipitation speed.
- the high CEC clay minerals of the present invention are minerals having excellent CEC among clay minerals.
- the high CEC clay mineral is one or more selected from a group consisting of vermiculite, montmorillonite, and illite. These clay minerals also exhibit antibacterial effects to prevent waterweeds from luxuriating again in the precipitate deposit.
- the volcanic ash used in the present invention is a material having neutrality and andesitic properties, many pores, and a high content of aluminum and silicon, for example, a high aluminum volcanic ash from Kyushu area in Japan can be used in the present invention.
- the dolomite used in the present invention is a carbonate mineral and functions to stably maintain pH of treated water.
- the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals which comprises the foregoing components, is processed in a powder type.
- each component is crushed into powders having a grain size of 300 mesh or less enough to penetrate through a 300 mesh sieve, the crushed powders are mixed at the foregoing mixing ratio to form a mixed powder, and the mixed powders are then crushed again for 10 minutes while being heated at 150 °C using an apparatus such as a Raymond Mill to which a heating apparatus is attached, so that the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals is manufactured.
- the water quality improvement composition processed in a powder type is directly sprayed over water to be treated or is diluted and then sprayed over a water area to be treated in order to agglomerate, precipitate, and decompose floating pollutants, thereby improving water quality.
- the water quality improvement composition since the water quality improvement composition has natural minerals used for improving water quality, etc. as main ingredients, the habitat environment of aquatic organisms may be effectively protected without destruction.
- the water quality improvement composition of the present invention can improve water polluted with green tide, red tide, and/or various pollutants in a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, groundwater, etc. and can be applied to improve marine pollution of a coastal seawater nursery, for example, a laver nursery, etc.
- a water quality improvement composition is manufactured by mixing clinoptilolite, a rock-forming mineral, a high CEC clay mineral, volcanic ash, and dolomite at composition represented in the following Table 1.
- Respective components are crushed into powders having a grain size of 300 mesh or less and then are mixed together and agitated at constitutional compositions represented by the following Table 1 to form a mixed powder. Thereafter, the mixed powder is placed in the Raymond Mill equipped with a heating device to crush the mixed powder again for 10 minutes while heating at 150 °C, thereby manufacturing the water quality improvement composition of the present invention.
- the water quality improvement composition manufactured through the foregoing Example 1 is sprayed over an artificial pond to improve turbidity.
- the area to be experimented is a pond within Songra Zenith Country Club of Songra-Myeon, Pohang-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea.
- the bed rock of this area is a Yeonil layer composed of mudstone and thus contains a large amount of granular clay minerals leading to turbid water.
- the turbidity of this area is large to the degree of 186 NTU.
- Pondage of the artificial pond to be tested is about 5,000 m3.
- a total of 250 kg of the water quality improvement composition was uniformly sprayed over a water surface of the pond and, after 48 hours, the turbidity of the pond was improved to 1.2 NTU. It can be seen that the turbidity is improved from photographs of the same point before (FIG. 2a, 2c) and after being treated with the water quality improvement composition (FIG. 2b, 2d).
- compositions of the test liquid in each of the water tanks used in the experiment are shown in Table 2 and data of Japanese Oryzias latipes put in the water tank are shown in Table 3.
- the water tank used in the experiment is a glass water tank with 12 l capacity both in the control group and the test group. The experiment was performed for 96 hours under indoor natural light and food was never supplied during the experiment.
- the death of Japanese Oryzias latipes was not observed in the control group, test group 1, test group 2, and test group 3. It can be confirmed from FIGS. 3a and 3b that turbidity was significantly improved in test group 3 notwithstanding the continuous execution of aeration.
- the water quality improvement composition of the present invention can improve water contaminated with pollutants, etc. without toxic effects on aquatic organisms.
- the object to be tested is a concrete gravity dam positioned at an upper stream of Ikisakawa of Mathuragawa water area in Japan.
- an abnormal propagation of phytoplankton such as diatom has occurred for a long time due to corrosion materials eluted from deposits within the dam reservoir or a colored phenomenon of water called 'Sasanigori' which are caused by a composite of corrosion materials and iron and a large amount of corrosion material.
- the effective pondage of the dam to be experimented is about 1,660,000 m3 and a total of 66 tons of the water quality improvement composition were uniformly sprayed over the water surface for about 3.5 days to become 40 mg per liter of the pondage.
- the water surface and external color of the water were changed by spraying the water quality improvement composition so as to improve transparency.
- reduction rates thereof reached to 55 to 70 % upon analyzing, thereby exhibiting excellent effects of the water quality improvement composition.
- various organic materials in the pollutants were decomposed so that the abnormal propagation phenomenon of phytoplankton and the eutrophication, which is a cause of green tide, fresh-water red tide, etc., can be prevented.
- CCD, SS, T-N, T-P, etc. which are indicators of water quality, can be improved.
- the death or abnormal behavior of fish or crustaceans was not found.
- FIGS. 4 and 5a to 5d each shows photographs of the same points (a) before being treated, (b) just after being treated, (c) a month after being treated, and (d) thirteen months after being treated by spraying the water quality improvement composition over Ikisa dam and Mikaeri fall, which is an outflow portion of Ikisa dam.
- the transparency before being treated was about 2 to 3m in depth, water was lemon yellow, and the surface of the dam was light brown.
- the water became a color like cobalt blue and the color was slowly changed to become lighter with the passage of time. After a month, the transparency was about 8m in depth and the water became a clear and transparent state.
- the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention can improve the water quality of a reservoir, a river, a natural lake and/or groundwater polluted with green tide, red tide, and various pollutants as well as the water quality of a coastal seawater nursery, etc.
Abstract
Disclosed are a water quality improvement composition capable of improving water quality of water polluted with green tide, red tide, and various pollutants by spraying the water quality improvement composition over a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, and the like and, in addition, a method of manufacturing the same. The water quality improvement composition according to the present invention is composed of a mixture of natural minerals, such as clinoptilolite, rock-forming minerals, clay minerals, volcanic ash, dolomite, etc. to agglomerate and precipitate pollutants, thereby significantly improving turbidity and, at the same time, to decompose the pollutants, thereby preventing eutrophication that leads to green tide and red tide. As a result, the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention can improve water quality.
Description
The present invention relates to a water quality improvement composition capable of improving water quality of water polluted with green tide, fresh-water red tide, and various pollutants by spraying the water quality improvement composition over a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, and the like and a method of manufacturing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a water quality improvement composition composed of a mixture of natural minerals, such as clinoptilolite, rock-forming minerals, clay minerals, volcanic ash, dolomite, etc. to agglomerate, precipitate, and decompose pollutants, thereby making it possible to improve water quality including turbidity, and a method of manufacturing the same.
The present invention using natural minerals as main ingredients can improve water quality through only the spraying without a separate large-scale treatment facility and minimizing the influence on aquatic organisms.
A pollution factor of a reservoir, a river, and a natural lake may include, for example, inflow of pollutants from various point source pollutants and non-point source pollutants, generation of green tide and fresh-water red tide due to the rising of water temperature, eutrophication, etc., inflow of pollutants due to flood, construction work, etc.
The countermeasures for each type of the water quality pollution may include, for example, various waste-water treatment facilities for the point source pollutants and the non-point source pollutants that are each represented by waste water discharged from various industrial facilities and rainwater initially flowed out of the river at town area, the spraying of water-treating composition over polluted water for removing green tide, fresh-water red tide, etc.
The causes of degrading water quality in addition to turbidity of a resorvior, a river, and a natural lake and leading to green tide and fresh-water red tide that damage a waterside landscape and a habitat environment of aquatic organisms may include the rising of water temperature and eutrophication. Among them, the representative causes of the eutrophication may include organic materials or nutrient salt that are excessively inflowed from the point source pollutants and the non-point source pollutants. As a result, the waste-water treatment facility, which treats the organic materials or the nutrient salt, can also perform a role of suppressing the occurrence of green tide and the fresh-water red tide.
The waste-water treatment facility, which purifies polluted water by applying various biological, chemical, and physical treatment methods, can treat high-concentration organic materials as well as nutrient salt. However, the waste-water treatment facility can treat only the waste water discharged from the specific pollution sources within a defined treating capacity. As a result, the facility cannot apply the same treatment methods to general rivers, lakes, etc.
Thereby, as a method for directly treating a river or a lake, a method for maximizing self-purification such as creating a meandering stream, a constructed wetland, etc. has been utilized. However, there are problems in that formation of the meandering stream or the constructed wetland needs enormous construction cost as well as a long time to obtain beneficial effects.
As another method, a method of spraying lime based water-treating agent over the river or lake, etc. has been developed and used. However, spraying the lime based water-treating agent that is a strong alkali composition may have a serious problem in destroying a habitat environment of aquatic organisms.
Further, as a water-treating method using inorganic materials, Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-0053716 discloses an inorganic water-treating agent containing elvan, desulfurizing gypsum, and coal ash. However, the desulfurizing gypsum and the coal ash contain heavy metals and materials harmful to a human body, the heavy metals being included in by-products of the desulfurizing gypsum and coal ash. In addition, Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-0036795 discloses an inorganic water clarifier manufactured by burning loess, kaolin, and diatomite at a high temperature of 1100 to 1200 ℃. However, since the cost required to manufacture the water clarifier is high, water-treating efficiency in relation to the cost is low.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals capable of being manufactured at a low cost without adding separate treatment facilities and improving water quality by agglomerating, precipitating, and decomposing various pollutants using a simple method of spraying the water quality improvement composition over a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, etc.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals.
In order to achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a powder-type water quality improvement composition, in which natural minerals are mixed, comprising: 60 to 80 wt% clinoptilolite, 7 to 15 wt% rock-forming mineral, 5 to 10 wt% high cation exchange capacity (CEC) clay mineral, 5 to 10 wt% volcanic ash, and 2 to 6 wt% dolomite.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a water quality improvement composition comprising: crushing clinoptilolite, a rock-forming mineral, a high CEC clay mineral, volcanic ash, and dolomite into powders having a grain size small enough to penetrate a 300 mesh sieve; mixing the crushed powder to form a mixed powder; and crushing the mixed powder again while heating at 150 ℃.
The water quality improvement composition of the present invention agglomerates and precipitates various pollutants in a reservoir, a river, and a natural lake to significantly improve turbidity and decomposes various pollutants to prevent eutrophication that leads to the green tide and the fresh-water red tide, thereby improving water quality. As a result, the present invention can provide effects of improving a habitat environment of aquatic organisms, securing a waterside landscape, and creating a hydrophilic environment.
Further, the water quality improvement composition of the present invention purifies a water intake source of water itself without additional treatment facilities, thereby reducing treatment load of various water treatment facilities while decreasing construction cost of related facilities and their maintenance cost
These and other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be more fully described in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments and examples, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a pollutant agglomerating principle of a water quality improvement composition according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a and 2c is a photograph of an artificial pond before being treated, and FIG. 2b and 2d is a photograph of the artificial pond after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a photograph just after starting a toxic test on Japanese Oryzias latipes and FIG. 3b is a photograph after terminating the toxic test on Japanese Oryzias latipes, when an artificial turbid water was subjected to purification treatment using the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a photograph of Ikisa dam in Japan before being treated, FIG. 4b is a photograph of Ikisa dam just after being treated, FIG. 4c is a photograph of Ikisa dam a month after being treated, and FIG. 4d is a photograph of Ikisa dam thirteen months after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention; and
FIG. 5a is a photograph of Mikaeri fall, which is an outflow portion of Ikisa dam, before being treated, FIG. 5b is a photograph of Mikaeri fall just after being treated, FIG. 5c is a photograph of Mikaeri fall a month after being treated, and FIG. 5d is a photograph of Mikaeri fall thirteen months after being treated with the water quality improvement composition according to the present invention.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention discloses a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals and a method of manufacturing the same.
The water quality improvement composition of the present invention comprises clinoptilolite and high CEC clay minerals having a large CEC as main ingredients, thereby generating high negative charges on its surface. As a result, the inventive water quality improvement composition becomes a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals, capable of substituting a large amount of cations.
In more detail, the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention is composed of 60 to 80 wt% (% by weight) clinoptilolite, 7 to 15 wt% rock-forming mineral, 5 to 10 wt% high CEC clay mineral, 5 to 10 wt% volcanic ash, and 2 to 6 wt% dolomite.
Turbid water phenomenon frequently occurring in a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, etc. mainly occurs due to colloidal pollutant particles and the organic materials or the nutrient salt in the pollutant particle leads to eutrophication to cause the green tide and fresh-water red tide phenomenon. The pollutant particle has electrically anionic properties. On the other hand, the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention comprises clinoptilolite and a high CEC clay mineral, thus possibly substituting a large amount of cations. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, in the water quality improvement composition particle in which cations are substituted, the cations are distributed on the surface of pollutant particles having negative charges, and therefore, the water quality improvement composition particles have a reactive structure in that the pollutant particles are agglomerated to enclose the water quality improvement composition particles therein.
The clinoptilolite used in the present invention as a natural zeolite whose reserves are abundant within a country such as Korea, has a zeolite content of not less than 70 % and a cation substitution capacity of not less than 200 meq/100g owing to development of crystals and pores. As for the clinoptilolite, Si4+ is partially substituted into Al3+ in a (Si, Al)O4 tetrahedron so that a balance between negative (-) and positive (+) charges is lost. As a result, the clinoptilolite exhibits a negatively charged state due to its structure. The surface is substituted from the negatively charged state to a positively charged state by being substituted with a cation. The cations on the surface can easily be substituted with other adjacent cations.
The rock-forming minerals used in the present invention are minerals, such as quartz, muscovite, feldspar, etc., having large specific gravity and are harmless to an aquatic ecosystem. The rock-forming minerals increase a specific gravity of an agglomerate to derive precipitation. In particular, muscovite has antibacterial activity to prevent waterweeds from luxuriating again in the precipitate deposit. Quartz, muscovite, and feldspar may be used alone or by a combination of at least two thereof. It is preferable to use quartz, muscovite, and feldspar together. A relative weight ratio of these materials is preferably 5 to 8 : 3 to 7 : 1 to 5 in order to effectively control formation of agglomerates and the precipitation speed.
The high CEC clay minerals of the present invention are minerals having excellent CEC among clay minerals. Preferably, the high CEC clay mineral is one or more selected from a group consisting of vermiculite, montmorillonite, and illite. These clay minerals also exhibit antibacterial effects to prevent waterweeds from luxuriating again in the precipitate deposit.
The volcanic ash used in the present invention is a material having neutrality and andesitic properties, many pores, and a high content of aluminum and silicon, for example, a high aluminum volcanic ash from Kyushu area in Japan can be used in the present invention.
The dolomite used in the present invention is a carbonate mineral and functions to stably maintain pH of treated water.
The water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals, which comprises the foregoing components, is processed in a powder type. In detail, each component is crushed into powders having a grain size of 300 mesh or less enough to penetrate through a 300 mesh sieve, the crushed powders are mixed at the foregoing mixing ratio to form a mixed powder, and the mixed powders are then crushed again for 10 minutes while being heated at 150 ℃ using an apparatus such as a Raymond Mill to which a heating apparatus is attached, so that the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals is manufactured.
The water quality improvement composition processed in a powder type is directly sprayed over water to be treated or is diluted and then sprayed over a water area to be treated in order to agglomerate, precipitate, and decompose floating pollutants, thereby improving water quality. On the other hand, since the water quality improvement composition has natural minerals used for improving water quality, etc. as main ingredients, the habitat environment of aquatic organisms may be effectively protected without destruction.
As described above, the water quality improvement composition of the present invention can improve water polluted with green tide, red tide, and/or various pollutants in a reservoir, a river, a natural lake, groundwater, etc. and can be applied to improve marine pollution of a coastal seawater nursery, for example, a laver nursery, etc.
Preferred examples of the present invention will be described in more detail as follows. However, the following examples are proposed for illustrative purposes and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and/or substitutions are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention which is defined in the accompanying claims and their equivalents.
EXAMPLE
Examples 1 to 7
A water quality improvement composition is manufactured by mixing clinoptilolite, a rock-forming mineral, a high CEC clay mineral, volcanic ash, and dolomite at composition represented in the following Table 1.
Respective components are crushed into powders having a grain size of 300 mesh or less and then are mixed together and agitated at constitutional compositions represented by the following Table 1 to form a mixed powder. Thereafter, the mixed powder is placed in the Raymond Mill equipped with a heating device to crush the mixed powder again for 10 minutes while heating at 150 ℃, thereby manufacturing the water quality improvement composition of the present invention.
[Table 1]
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE
The water quality improvement composition manufactured through the foregoing Example 1 is sprayed over an artificial pond to improve turbidity.
Experimental Example 1- Turbid water purification treatment of artificial pond
The area to be experimented is a pond within Songra Zenith Country Club of Songra-Myeon, Pohang-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The bed rock of this area is a Yeonil layer composed of mudstone and thus contains a large amount of granular clay minerals leading to turbid water. The turbidity of this area is large to the degree of 186 NTU. Pondage of the artificial pond to be tested is about 5,000 ㎥. A total of 250 kg of the water quality improvement composition was uniformly sprayed over a water surface of the pond and, after 48 hours, the turbidity of the pond was improved to 1.2 NTU. It can be seen that the turbidity is improved from photographs of the same point before (FIG. 2a, 2c) and after being treated with the water quality improvement composition (FIG. 2b, 2d).
Experimental Example 2- Purification treatment of artificial turbid water and toxic test on Japanese Oryzias latipes
In order to test performance of the water quality improvement composition to treat turbid water and the toxicity of aquatic organisms, 10 Japanese Oryzias latipes were put in each of water tanks which contain dechlorinated tap water as origin water, water quality improvement composition, and pollutants, respectively, or a mixture thereof, followed by observation. In order to artificially form a turbid water, the pollutant (for example, white clay) in test group No. 3 was fed until turbidity of the turbid water became 1020 NTU.
Compositions of the test liquid in each of the water tanks used in the experiment are shown in Table 2 and data of Japanese Oryzias latipes put in the water tank are shown in Table 3. The water tank used in the experiment is a glass water tank with 12 ℓ capacity both in the control group and the test group. The experiment was performed for 96 hours under indoor natural light and food was never supplied during the experiment.
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
As the experimental results, the death of Japanese Oryzias latipes was not observed in the control group, test group 1, test group 2, and test group 3. It can be confirmed from FIGS. 3a and 3b that turbidity was significantly improved in test group 3 notwithstanding the continuous execution of aeration. The turbidity of test group 3 in which a test fish was not found due to the turbid water at the initial stage of the experiment, showed an improved level enough to find deposits on a bottom of the water tank at the time of ending the experiment. As described above, the water quality improvement composition of the present invention can improve water contaminated with pollutants, etc. without toxic effects on aquatic organisms.
Experimental Example 3- Water purification of Ikisa dam in Japan
The object to be tested is a concrete gravity dam positioned at an upper stream of Ikisakawa of Mathuragawa water area in Japan. In this area, an abnormal propagation of phytoplankton such as diatom has occurred for a long time due to corrosion materials eluted from deposits within the dam reservoir or a colored phenomenon of water called 'Sasanigori' which are caused by a composite of corrosion materials and iron and a large amount of corrosion material. The effective pondage of the dam to be experimented is about 1,660,000 ㎥ and a total of 66 tons of the water quality improvement composition were uniformly sprayed over the water surface for about 3.5 days to become 40 mg per liter of the pondage.
Comparison results of external state of water between before treating with the water quality improvement composition and 1 month after spraying the water quality improvement composition are represented in the following Table 4.
[Table 4]
Further, an average analysis value of water quality of the water a month before spraying the water quality improvement composition, as well as analysis values of water quality of the water a month and thirteen months after spraying the water quality improvement composition are determined. Comparison results thereof are represented in the following Table 5.
[Table 5]
As represented in the above Tables 4 and 5, the water surface and external color of the water were changed by spraying the water quality improvement composition so as to improve transparency. In particular, as for chromaticity and turbidity, reduction rates thereof reached to 55 to 70 % upon analyzing, thereby exhibiting excellent effects of the water quality improvement composition. At the same time, various organic materials in the pollutants were decomposed so that the abnormal propagation phenomenon of phytoplankton and the eutrophication, which is a cause of green tide, fresh-water red tide, etc., can be prevented. In addition, CCD, SS, T-N, T-P, etc., which are indicators of water quality, can be improved. Furthermore, as a result of investigating aquatic organisms in the dam reservoir and the downstream river, the death or abnormal behavior of fish or crustaceans was not found.
FIGS. 4 and 5a to 5d each shows photographs of the same points (a) before being treated, (b) just after being treated, (c) a month after being treated, and (d) thirteen months after being treated by spraying the water quality improvement composition over Ikisa dam and Mikaeri fall, which is an outflow portion of Ikisa dam. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5a to 5d, the transparency before being treated was about 2 to 3m in depth, water was lemon yellow, and the surface of the dam was light brown. However, just after being treated with the water quality improvement composition, the water became a color like cobalt blue and the color was slowly changed to become lighter with the passage of time. After a month, the transparency was about 8m in depth and the water became a clear and transparent state. In the case of the Ikisa dam, after thirteen months (FIG. 4d), the water was light green as compared to the color of the water after a month (FIG. 4c) and the transparency was about 4.3m in depth, higher than before being treated, while the colored phenomenon did not occur. Even in the Mikaeri fall, after thirteen months (FIG. 5d), the water was light green as compared with that of after a month (FIG. 5c), however, the colored phenomenon did not occur and the transparency reached to a level at which rocks on the bottom can be identified. It is determined that the phenomenon occurs by continuous inflow and outflow of water, an amount of rainfall, and the continuous elution of deposits existing in the dam for a long term. Considering the natural parameters, the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention is expected to have considerable effects for a long time.
As described above, the water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals according to the present invention can improve the water quality of a reservoir, a river, a natural lake and/or groundwater polluted with green tide, red tide, and various pollutants as well as the water quality of a coastal seawater nursery, etc.
Claims (5)
- A water quality improvement composition containing powder-type eco-friendly active natural minerals, comprising:60 to 80 wt% of clinoptilolite;7 to 15 wt% of rock-forming mineral;5 to 10 wt% of high cation exchange capacity (CEC) clay mineral;5 to 10 wt% of volcanic ash; and2 to 6 wt% of dolomite.
- The water quality improvement composition according to claim 1, wherein the high CEC clay mineral is one or more selected from a group consisting of vermiculite, montmorillonite and illite.
- The water quality improvement composition according to claim 2, wherein the high CEC clay mineral is vermiculite and illite or a mixture thereof.
- The water quality improvement composition according to claim 1, wherein the rock-forming mineral is one or more selected from a group consisting of quartz, muscovite and feldspar.
- A method of manufacturing a water quality improvement composition containing eco-friendly active natural minerals as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:crushing clinoptilolite, a rock-forming mineral, a high CEC clay mineral, volcanic ash and dolomite into powders having a grain size small enough to penetrate through a 300 mesh sieve;mixing the crushed powders to prepare a mixed powder; andcrushing the mixed powder again while heating it at 150 ℃.
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| KR10-2008-0059483 | 2008-06-24 | ||
| KR1020080059483A KR20080065573A (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2008-06-24 | Eco-friendly active natural mineral water quality improvement composition and its manufacturing method |
| KR1020090051413A KR100915958B1 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2009-06-10 | Eco-friendly active natural mineral water quality improvement composition and its manufacturing method |
| KR10-2009-0051413 | 2009-06-10 |
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| CN107601744A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | High-salt wastewater processing system and its method |
| CN111517382A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-11 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Lake and river water body treatment particle containing silicon-calcium-magnesium minerals and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN115845795A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 华夏碧水环保科技股份有限公司 | Water body purification material, preparation method thereof and water body purification method |
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| KR101236145B1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-02-28 | 주식회사한국지씨엠 | Tree planging soil manufacturing method using sludge from natural inorganic coagulant for green algae removal |
| KR101892545B1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-08-31 | 한국해양과학기술원 | Floating device to reduce pollution of aquatic ecosystem by using a porous mineral adsorbent |
| KR101959348B1 (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-07-04 | 주식회사 한덕바이오텍 | Water purification blocks and their manufacturing methods |
| JPWO2021261363A1 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-30 | ||
| KR102425793B1 (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-27 | 박기호 | Natural mineral Lumilite ecosystem restorating agent and method |
| CN115159683B (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-05-16 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Simulated sediment aggregate and preparation method and application thereof |
| KR102604098B1 (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-20 | 주식회사 다봄씨엔에스 | Water quality improvement composition containing zeolite and method for preparing the same |
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| KR100207801B1 (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 1999-07-15 | 조종진 | Ceramic carriers for microorganisms using in biological wastes treatment |
| JPH10337469A (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-22 | Ootake Seramu Kk | Adsorptive porous sintered compact and its production |
| JP3040097B2 (en) * | 1998-10-16 | 2000-05-08 | 艮一 小松 | Contact purification material and method for producing the same |
| KR100874197B1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2008-12-15 | 거성환경(주) | Immobilized tin and its manufacturing method for the treatment of heavy metal-containing mine wastewater and sewage and wastewater (Method of immobilized tin and its CAPH) |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107601744A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-19 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | High-salt wastewater processing system and its method |
| CN107601744B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2024-02-06 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | High-salt wastewater treatment system and method thereof |
| CN111517382A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-11 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Lake and river water body treatment particle containing silicon-calcium-magnesium minerals and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN115845795A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | 华夏碧水环保科技股份有限公司 | Water body purification material, preparation method thereof and water body purification method |
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| KR20080065573A (en) | 2008-07-14 |
| KR100915958B1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
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