Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
  • E21B17/01—Risers
  • E21B17/017—Bend restrictors for limiting stress on risers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
  • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
  • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
  • E21B17/046—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like with ribs, pins, or jaws, and complementary grooves or the like, e.g. bayonet catches
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
  • E21B19/002—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling
  • E21B19/004—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling supporting a riser from a drilling or production platform
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
  • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
  • E21B43/0107—Connecting of flow lines to offshore structures
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for mounting a flexible line on a structure, of the type comprising: - a hollow rigid member intended to be integral with the structure, the hollow rigid member delimiting a flow passage of the flexible line;
• a curvature limiter delimiting an insertion light of the flexible line, the insertion light having a flexible line of the circulation axis, the curvature limiter being movable relative to the hollow rigid member between a position to the deviation of the hollow rigid member and a position mounted on the hollow rigid member;
• releasable means for axially immobilizing the curvature limiter on the flexible line in at least a first direction along the axis of circulation, in order to jointly move the flexible line and the curvature limiter with respect to the hollow rigid member between the position away from the hollow rigid member and the mounted position.
• Such mounting devices are used in hydrocarbon exploitation facilities on a body of water, comprising for example a rigid structure fixed on the seabed, an oscillating structure attached to the seabed or a floating structure such as a naval surface support, a semi-submersible platform, a floating vertical column, or a ship.
• the flexible line to be mounted on the structure is, for example, a flexible upstream fluid transport pipe, designated by the English term “riser”.
• the term “flexible pipes” is understood to mean those described in the normative documents published by the American Petroleum Institute (API), API 17J and API RP 17 B and well known to those skilled in the art. More generally, the flexible line may be a bundle type composite beam, a set of umbilicals or electric cables.
• a mounting device of the aforementioned type is used during the installation and connection of the flexible line on the surface structure.
• the flexible line is guided on the structure by introducing it through a hollow rigid tube integral with the vertically oriented structure which constitutes a protective sleeve.
• the hollow tube is for example of the "l-tube” or "J-tube” type.
• the flexible line is connected to the surface installation.
• a curvature limiter suitable locally imposing a radius of curvature greater than the minimum radius of curvature that can occupy the flexible line.
• curvature limiter is understood to mean both the curvature limiters consisting for example of articulated rigid elements called “vertebrae", the stiffeners constituted for example by molded blocks made of plastic material, as well as the combinations of these. elements.
• a stiffener is for example arranged around the flexible line near its upper end to cooperate with the hollow tube during the insertion of the flexible line into the tube.
• the stiffener and the flexible line are moved jointly towards the lower end of the hollow tube until the partial insertion of the stiffener in the hollow tube. Then, in a second step, the flexible line is moved upwardly relative to the stiffener to go up through the hollow tube for its connection to the surface structure.
• the stiffener is held motionless in translation in the hollow tube by embedding and / or fixing by means of clamps.
• traction systems using at least two separate winches are known.
• the cable of a first winch is connected to the stiffener for its ascent to the lower end of the hollow tube and the cable of a second winch is connected to the upper end of the flexible line to move it relative to the stiffener.
• Such a system requires a Precise control of cable recovery and is therefore not easy to use, especially when the hollow tube is bent.
• the stiffener and the flexible line move together. Then, the stiffener is attached to the lower end of the tube. Sufficient traction is then applied upwardly on the flexible line to break the breakable pin to allow upward movement of the flexible line relative to the stiffener.
• An object of the invention is to obtain a device for mounting a flexible line on a structure that is simple to use, and which reduces the risk of damage to the flexible line.
• the subject of the invention is a device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that the axial immobilization means comprise:
• a locking member axially integral with a first of the flexible line and the curvature limiter
• the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or according to any combination (s) technically possible (s):
• the locking member and the engagement member are movable relative to each other along the axis of circulation between:
• the locking member and the engagement member have complementary surfaces adapted to cooperate to drive in relative rotation the locking member relative to the engagement member about the axis of circulation from the configuration of circulation to the axial immobilization configuration, during the relative axial displacement of the locking member relative to the engagement member between successively the disengaged axial position, the engagement position and the engaged position;
• the locking member comprises at least one transverse retaining protrusion, the engagement member comprising at least one axial abutment for retaining the or each protrusion, the axial retaining abutment delimiting a main groove for engaging the protruding opening axially in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the or each protrusion being received in the main groove in the axial immobilization configuration;
• the engagement member comprises a guide abutment axially offset relative to the or each axial abutment retaining, the abutment of guide defining at least one secondary groove for guiding the retaining protrusion opening opposite the main groove in the first direction;
• the complementary surfaces are delimited respectively on the one hand, by the or each retaining projection and on the other hand, by the or each guide abutment and / or the or each axial abutment retaining;
• One of the locking member and the engagement member is rotatably mounted about the flow axis respectively on the first or second of the flexible line and the curvature limiter;
• one of the locking member and the engagement member defines a receiving receptacle adapted to receive the other of the locking member and the engagement member in the axial immobilization configuration.
• the locking member and the engagement member are movable relative to one another about the axis of circulation between the axial immobilization configuration and at least one second axial circulation configuration, angularly offset; relative to the first axial circulation configuration, the axial immobilization configuration being located angularly between the first and second axial circulation configurations.
• the subject of the invention is also a fluid operating installation, of the type comprising: a flexible line intended to be connected to the structure; and
• the hollow rigid member being integral with the structure.
• the invention may include the following feature: the structure, the hollow rigid member, and the flexible line are at least partially immersed in a body of water.
• the invention also relates to a method for mounting a flexible line on a structure, using a device as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view, taken in section along a median vertical plane, of a fluid operating system, comprising a first mounting device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view, taken along a transverse plane, of the relevant parts of the axial immobilization means of the flexible line in the curvature limiter of the mounting device shown in Figure 1, at the engagement immobilization means;
• Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, during the axial immobilization of the flexible line in the curvature limiter;
• FIG. 4 is a partial perspective side view of the immobilizing projections and the corresponding stops of the immobilizing means shown in Figures 2 and 3, during the successive steps of engagement, locking and unlocking the line flexible in the curvature limiter;
• FIG. 5 is a view of a detail of the lower end of a rigid protection tube of the mounting device according to the invention, when the curvature limiter is fixed on this tube;
• FIG. 6 is a similar view in Figure 1 during the axial flow of the flexible line in the curvature limiter.
• FIGS 1 to 6 illustrate a fluid operating installation 10 according to the invention.
• This installation is for example intended to collect a fluid, in particular a hydrocarbon taken from the bottom 12 of a body of water 14, or to transfer this hydrocarbon to a transport vessel.
• the installation 10 comprises a structure 16 floating on the body of water 14, a flexible line 18 intended to be connected to the floating structure 16, and a first device 20 for mounting the flexible line 18 on the structure 16.
• the body of water 14 is for example a lake, a sea or an ocean.
• the depth of the water extent to the right of the floating structure 16 is for example between 15 m and 3000 m.
• the floating structure 16 is for example a naval surface support, a semi-submersible platform, a floating vertical column, or a ship.
• the structure 16 is a fixed rigid structure of "jacket” type or an oscillating structure attached to the seabed.
• the floating structure 16 has an upper surface 22 on which is mounted an operating winch 24 of the flexible line 18 and a manifold ("manifold" in English) adapted to connect an end of the flexible line 18.
• the winch 24 comprises a single deployable cable 28 for pulling the flexible line 18.
• the flexible line 18 is, in the example shown in Figure 1, a flexible tubular conduit 30 for fluid transport internally defining a fluid flow passage.
• This pipe is also called rising pipe or “riser”, and is intended to connect a wellhead located on the bottom 12 of the body of water manifold ("manifold" in English) 26 located on the surface 22 of the Floating structure 16.
• the flexible line 18 is, for example, an umbilical composite or "Integrated service umbilical” (ISU) or IPB well known to those skilled in the art and described in the normative documents published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) API RP 17 B Section 4.3.4.
• the flexible line may be a bundle of electrical cables.
• the pipe 30 has, at its upper end 32, a head 33 connecting to the working line to the cable 28.
• the head 33 comprises a connecting sleeve 34 fixed to the upper end of the pipe 30 and an eyelet 35. insertion of the lower end of the working line to the cable 28, rotatably mounted on an upper portion of the sleeve 34 about a circulation axis XX 'of the line 18.
• the sleeve 34 delimits, in its lower part, an annular channel 36 extending circumferentially around the axis X-X 'and opening radially away from the axis X-X'.
• the pipe 30 is for example unrolled and immersed in the body of water 14 from a laying vessel on the surface and is stored on the bottom 12 of the body of water 14, then the end of the pipe 30 (section not placed on the seabed) is abandoned on the bottom 14 via a drop cable.
• the mounting device 20 comprises a hollow rigid tube 40 guiding and protecting the tubular line 18, integral with the installation 16, a local limiter 42 of curvature of the line 18, engaged around the line 18 away the upper end 32, and means 44 for fixing the curvature limiter 42 to the lower end of the hollow rigid tube 40.
• the mounting device 20 further comprises releasable means 46 for axially immobilizing the flexible line 18 in the curvature limiter 42.
• the hollow rigid tube 40 is, in the example shown in Figure 1, a "J-tube” having a vertical upright upper part and a bent lower end.
• the hollow rigid tube 40 is a straight tube of "I-tube” type
• the tube 40 comprises a hollow vertical sleeve 50, integral with the floating structure 16, and a lower end flange 52 located at the lower end 54 of the sleeve 50.
• the sleeve 50 delimits an interior passage which opens into the body of water 14 at the lower end 54 and which opens at its upper end 56 in the vicinity of the upper surface 22 of the structure, above the extension of the body. 14.
• the end flange 52 is immersed in the body of water 14. It has a truncated cone shape converging upwardly. It is attached to a fixing flange located at the lower end 54 of the sleeve 50. flange 52 flares downward to a lower flange 58 supporting the fastening means 44, visible in Figure 5.
• the curvature limiter 42 comprises, from bottom to top in FIGS. 2 and 3, a rigid lower assembly 62 and an articulated upper assembly 64 attached to the flexible lower assembly 62.
• the lower flexible assembly 62 comprises a stiffening block 66 and an intermediate clamping flange 68 on the hollow rigid tube 40.
• the lower block 66 is for example molded from a plastic material such as polyurethane. It has a frustoconical shape converging downwards.
• the flange 68 is attached to the top of the block 66. It has a peripheral flange which protrudes radially away from the axis X-X 'with respect to the stiffening block 66.
• the articulated upper assembly 64 comprises a plurality of tubular vertebrae 7OA, 7OB assembled axially end-to-end through annular collars 72.
• the lower vertebra 7OA is fixed on a bracket 74 carried by the flange 68 via an annular collar 72.
• the vertebrae 7OA, 7OB are slightly displaced relative to each other between a linear configuration along the X-X 'axis and a slightly curved configuration with respect to the linear configuration.
• the block 66, the flange 68 and the vertebrae 7OA, 7OB internally delimit a central lumen 76 of circulation of the flexible line 18 which defines the axis XX 'of circulation of the line 18 in the curvature limiter 42, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the line 18.
• the light 76 is of cross section substantially conjugated to the outer cross section of the line 18.
• the blocks 66 and the vertebrae 7OA, 7OB thus impose locally on the flexible line 18 a radius of curvature greater than the minimum radius of curvature that could occupy the flexible line 18.
• the curvature limiter 42 is movable between a disassembled position shown in FIG. 1, in which it is placed away from the hollow rigid tube 40, and a position mounted on the hollow rigid tube 40. 5 and 6, in which the intermediate flange 68 of the limiter 42 is fixed on the lower support flange 58, at the lower end of the flange 52.
• the fixing means 44 comprise an annular collar 78 for holding the intermediate flange 68 against the lower flange 58.
• the means 46 of axial immobilization in a first direction of the curvature limiter 42 on the flexible line 18 are formed by a reversible rotary latch, designated by the English term "rotolatch”.
• These axial immobilization means 46 thus comprise a rotational locking member 90, axially integral with the line 18, and an engagement member 92 of the locking member 90, mounted axially integral with the curvature limiter 42.
• the locking member 90 comprises a rotary bell 94 and a plurality of transverse projections 96 which extend radially towards the axis X-X 'in the rotary bell 94.
• the bell 94 has an upper annular wall 96 rotatably mounted relative to the line 18 about the axis X-X 'in the groove 36, and a substantially cylindrical side wall 98 opening downwards.
• the locking member 90 is thus mounted axially fixed with respect to the flexible line 18, while being freely rotatably mounted about the axis X-X '.
• the upper annular wall 96 and the side wall 98 internally define a housing 100 for receiving the engagement member 92.
• the housing 100 extends along the axis X-X 'and opens downwards.
• the locking member 90 comprises a plurality of retaining projections 96, angularly distributed about the axis X-X '.
• Each projection 96 extends radially towards the axis X-X 'in the receiving housing 100, from the side wall 98, in the vicinity of the lower edge of the bell 94.
• Each projection 96 comprises a pin 102 fixed in the side wall 98 and a rolling roller 104 rotatably mounted about a radial axis at the free end of the pin 102.
• Each rolling roller 104 defines an outer surface 105 rolling on the commitment agency 92.
• the engagement member 92 comprises a ring 106 mounted axially fixed and rotatably mounted about the axis XX 'at the upper end of the vertebrae 70.
• the ring 106 delimits a plurality of upper stops 108 axially retaining projections 96, and an annular abutment 110 for guiding the projections 96.
• the ring 106 comprises a substantially cylindrical sleeve 112 of axis X-X 'and a lower collar 114 for attachment to the upper vertebra 7OB which extends the sleeve 112 downwards.
• the flange 114 is fixed on the upper vertebra 7OB via an annular clamp 116 clamping.
• each upper stop 108 protrude radially away from the axis XX 'toward the rotary bell 94, from an outer surface of the sleeve 112. They are angularly distributed around the axis XX' on a circumference of the sleeve 112, being angularly spaced from one another.
• each upper stop 108 has a polygonal contour.
• Each abutment 108 thus defines an upper edge 120 convex upwards and in the shape of a point, a lower edge 122 concave upwards and delimiting a main groove 124 for engaging a projection 96, and two lateral edges 126A, 126B. extending substantially parallel to the axis X-X '.
• the lateral edges 126A, 126B opposite each pair of upper abutments 108 delimit between them axial passages 128 insertion and extraction of a projection 96 in the groove 124.
• Each passage 128 opens axially upwards in a first direction, between the upper edges 120 of two adjacent upper stops 108 and axially downwards in a second direction opposite to the first direction, in the vicinity of the groove 124.
• the groove 124 is closed axially upward in the first direction and opens axially downwardly in a second direction. It has an inverted V-shaped section.
• the lower guide stop 110 protrudes radially away from the axis
• the grooves 134A, 134B are closed in the second direction downwards and open in the first direction upwards facing the main groove 124.
• Each groove 134A, 134B is delimited to the left by the inclined lateral surface 136 of a first tooth 130, and is delimited to the right by a straight surface 138 of an adjacent tooth 130 to the first tooth 130.
• the left groove 134A partially opens along the inclined surface 136 opposite a passage 128 for insertion and extraction, located to the left of the stop 108.
• the right groove 134B opens partially opposite a passage of insertion and extraction 128 located to the right of the stop 108.
• Each upper stop 108 and the lower stop 122 thus define between them a circulation passage of a projection 96 which has substantially a shape of W.
• the locking member 90 is movable along the axis XX 'of circulation with respect to the engagement member 92 in the second direction, between a first disengaged axial position, represented on the FIG. 4 (a) in which the locking member 90 and the engagement member 92 are axially distant from each other, and an axial position of engagement of the locking member 90 in the member 92, shown in Figure 4 (c), wherein the locking member 90 is brought closer to the engagement member 92 and the projections 96 abut against the bottom of secondary guide grooves 134A.
• the locking member 90 is further movable in the first direction upwards along the axis XX 'towards an engaged axial position, represented on the Figure 4 (e), located axially between the first disengaged axial position and the axial engagement position, in which each projection 96 is placed at the bottom of a main groove 124.
• the locking member 90 is moreover rotatable about the axis XX 'with respect to the engagement member 92 and with respect to the line 18 between a first circulation configuration of the line flexible 18 through the curvature limiter 42 ( Figure 4 (a)) and an axial immobilization configuration in the first direction of the flexible line 18 on the curvature limiter 42 ( Figure 4 (e)).
• the immobilizing means 46 may comprise a releasable locking member (not shown) of the locking member 90 with respect to the engagement member 92, in translation in the axial position engaged and in rotation in the configuration.
• This locking member is for example a screw or pin can be placed and released without mechanical breakage of the locking member by a remotely controlled vehicle (designated by the acronym "ROV").
• ROV remotely controlled vehicle
• the locking member 90 is movable downwards along the axis XX 'with respect to the engagement member 92, between the engaged position and a release position, represented on Figure 4 (g), in which the projections 96 are abutted in secondary grooves 134B adjacent to the grooves 134A, and upwardly to a second disengaged axial position shown in Figure 4 (i).
• the locking member 90 is rotatable around the engagement member 92 between the axial immobilization configuration in a first direction and a second axial circulation configuration of the flexible line 18 through the curvature limiter 42, angularly offset relative to the first axial circulation configuration, without mechanical failure of a connecting member between the engagement member 92 and the locking member 90.
• a curvature limiter 42 is engaged around the line 18, away from the upper end 32.
• the line 18 is inserted into the lumen 76 through successively the lower block 66, the intermediate flange 68 and the vertebrae 70A,
• the connecting head 33 on which is rotatably mounted the locking member 90, is fixed axially and angularly on the line 18, at the upper end 32 of the pipe 30.
• the curvature limiter 42 being held axially fixed, the line 18 is moved in the second direction downward relative to the limiter 42 to bring the locking member 90 of the engagement member 92 and bring them into the first position axial disengaged, shown in Figures 2 and 4 (a).
• each rolling roller 104 abuts against the upper edge 120 of a stop 108 and is guided to an insertion passage 128.
• the locking member 90 and the engagement member 92 then occupy the first axial flow configuration in the first direction of the flexible line 18 through the curvature limiter 42.
• each protrusion 96 descends into the passageway 128, then into the secondary groove 134A located opposite this passage, rolling downward along an inclined surface 136.
• the roller 104 then rolls on the convex lower edge 122 of the upper stop 108.
• the rolling of the roller 104 causes the rotational drive of the locking member 90 about the axis XX 'relative to the body of the engagement 92 to the axial immobilization configuration shown in Figure 4 (e).
• each projection 96 is placed in a main groove 124 abuts against an upper limit stop 108. This immobilizes axially in the first direction the flexible line 18 in the limiter of curvature 42, especially when an upward pulling force is exerted on the line 18.
• the axial immobilization means 46 are thus activated.
• the line 18 is then immersed in the body of water 14.
• the winch 24 is activated to lower the cable 28 through the hollow rigid tube 40, then to connect the lower end of the cable 28 to the connection head 33 located at the upper end 32 of the line 18.
• the line 18 and the curvature limiter 42 are placed under the end flange 52 of the hollow rigid tube 40 to the distance from the tube 40.
• the winch 24 is then activated to raise the cable 28 towards the upper end 56 of the hollow rigid tube 40.
• the rise of the cable 28 causes the joint movement of the line 18 and the curvature limiter 42 towards the collar 52 to the intermediate position shown in Figure 1.
• the curvature limiter 42 is partially introduced into the rigid tube 40.
• the flexible upper assembly 64 is introduced into the end collar 52, until the intermediate flange 68 is applied against the lower flange 58 of the collar.
• the collar 78 is then placed around the flanges 58, 68 to immobilize the curvature limiter 42 axially with respect to the hollow tube 40.
• the vertebrae 7OA, 7OB being interconnected by flexible links, they adopt a slight curvature corresponding to the slightly curved shape of the lower end of the tube 40.
• the immobilizing means 46 are then released to allow the rise of the line 18 through the curvature limiter 42 and the tube 40.
• the winch 24 is controlled to move the connecting head 33 in the second direction downwards.
• each projection 96 then descends into the right groove 134B adjacent to the left groove 134A, being guided by the rolling of the roller 104 on the inclined surface 136 defining the groove 134B .
• FIG. 4 (a).
• the locking member 90 rotates about the axis X-X 'always in the same direction between the first circulation configuration, the axial immobilization configuration, and the second circulation configuration.
• the locking member 90 then moves away from the engagement member 92, causing the displacement of each projection 96 outside the right groove 134B and then along the right edge 126B of the upper stop 108 in the extraction passage 128 ( Figures 4 (h) and 4 (i)).
• the locking member 90 then occupies an unobstructed axial position, located above the engagement member 92, wherein the engagement member 92 has been withdrawn from the housing 100.
• the line 18 is then raised through the central lumen 76 of the limiter 42 and through the flow passage of the tube 40, to the manifold 26, the curvature limiter 42 remaining stationary relative to the tube 40.
• the line 18 is then connected to the collector 26.
• the releasable immobilizing means 46 formed by a rotary latch are therefore simply activated, to allow, by means of a single winch, a joint displacement of the curvature limiter 42 and the line 18 to the hollow rigid tube 40 Then, once the limiter 42 is fixed on the hollow rigid tube 40, the immobilization means are released reversibly, by a simple movement of the line 18, to allow the line 18 to go up through the curvature limiter. 42 and through the tube 40.
• the collar 78 of the fastening means 44 is then removed, to detach the curvature limiter 42 from the flange 52 and to jointly lower the line 18 and the curvature limiter 42 away from the hollow tube 40.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
• Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
• Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-30 FR FR0853587A patent/FR2931867B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-05-27 AP AP2010005500A patent/AP3044A/xx active
  • 2009-05-27 NZ NZ589595A patent/NZ589595A/xx unknown
  • 2009-05-27 WO PCT/FR2009/050983 patent/WO2009156639A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-05-27 US US12/995,213 patent/US8596912B2/en active Active
  • 2009-05-27 AU AU2009264058A patent/AU2009264058B2/en active Active
  • 2009-05-27 EP EP09769480.6A patent/EP2315905B1/fr active Active
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  • 2009-05-27 BR BRPI0913110-8A patent/BRPI0913110B1/pt active IP Right Grant

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