WO2009144251A1 - Modulateur de lumière optique ayant une ouverture d’entrée - Google Patents

Modulateur de lumière optique ayant une ouverture d’entrée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009144251A1
WO2009144251A1 PCT/EP2009/056465 EP2009056465W WO2009144251A1 WO 2009144251 A1 WO2009144251 A1 WO 2009144251A1 EP 2009056465 W EP2009056465 W EP 2009056465W WO 2009144251 A1 WO2009144251 A1 WO 2009144251A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
light valve
aperture
optical
valve device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/056465
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nico Coulier
Original Assignee
Barco N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Barco N.V. filed Critical Barco N.V.
Publication of WO2009144251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009144251A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0018—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for preventing ghost images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • H04N5/7416—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor involving the use of a spatial light modulator, e.g. a light valve, controlled by a video signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
    • G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
    • G02F1/136277—Active matrix addressed cells formed on a semiconductor substrate, e.g. of silicon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical light valve device, especially for an optical projection system as well to a method of operating and manufacturing the same.
  • the invention relates to an aperture for an optical light valve device, especially for use of the aperture in an optical projection system.
  • a light valve is understood to be an optical device which can be used to vary the amount of light which reaches a target like an optical screen.
  • One type of light valve comprises an array of switching means which selectively block incident light from reaching the target or direct the incident light onto the target, respectively.
  • Examples for light valves are digital micro mirror arrays (DMD arrays) and LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon) devices. DMD arrays and LCOS devices are both reflective light valves, i. e. light incident on the light valve is either reflected onto the target, e. g. a screen, or away from the target, e. g. onto an optical sink which typically also acts as a heat sink.
  • DMD arrays and LCOS devices are both reflective light valves, i. e. light incident on the light valve is either reflected onto the target, e. g. a screen, or away from the target, e. g. onto an optical sink which typically also acts as a heat sink.
  • transmissive light valves like LCDs (
  • metal apertures are used in order to block incident light from falling onto areas of the light valve different from its active area.
  • metal apertures heat up due to absorbed light which is then irradiated onto the light valve as heat. Heat is very important to control for lifetime and reliability issues of the light valve system.
  • diffuse reflection at such apertures further stray light is generated which might reach the light valve and further deteriorates the image quality.
  • This aperture always has a certain thickness (few tenths of mm) and a certain surface roughness causing stray light to become diffuse meaning optically out of control.
  • An advantage of the present invention is to provide a possibility to remove disturbing stray light outside the active area of a light valve and, further, to keep heat away from the light valve system.
  • This disturbing stray light is coming from light of the incoming beam which is not getting to the chip because of imperfections of the optical system (typical the light valve, e.g. DMD window being too small to accept a small focal length light beam or a defocused beam spot).
  • Some of the heat getting to the light valve system is coming from the same light as this light that is not getting to the light valve and is absorbed by the light valve system.
  • an optical light valve device comprising a light valve which is adapted for being irradiated with incident light and for modulating the incident light by predetermined image data and having a black level, and an aperture with a light- transmissive area for transmitting part of the incident light in a direction towards the light valve and a light-blocking means for blocking another part of the incident light from falling onto the light valve, wherein the light-blocking means has a thickness such that any light reflected from the edge of the light-blocking means into the aperture is less than the black level of the light valve.
  • an optical light valve device comprising a light valve which is adapted for being irradiated with incident light and for modulating the incident light by predetermined image data, and an aperture with a light-transmissive area for transmitting part of the incident light in a direction towards the light valve and a light- blocking means for blocking another part of the incident light from falling onto the light valve and having an edge facing towards the aperture, wherein the light-blocking means has a thickness of ⁇ 1000 nm, more preferably a thickness ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
  • the invention avoids stray light that gets into the projection lens and is projected also on the screen or at least to reduce any such light so that it is lower in intensity than the black level of the light valve. If the intensity of the stray light is less, e.g. significantly less than the black level of the light valve then the stray light cannot be distinguished. The reflected light stays under control which means that any such light even if directed into the projection lens and projected onto the screen cannot be distinguished against the background of the black level.
  • the surface of the light-blocking area of the aperture which is facing away from the light valve can be made specularly reflective.
  • the surface of the light-blocking area of the aperture which is facing away from the light valve is specularly reflective does not necessarily mean that the light-blocking ability of the aperture is essentially based on reflection. In contrast to that, preferably this feature is meant to keep those reflections which actually cannot be avoided under control. Thus, in general, this means that the light-blocking feature is preferably not achieved by reflection but by another effect. Especially, this means that it is preferred that light-blocking is achieved by a light absorbing opaque area. Further, it is preferred that the specular reflective ability of the aperture is only used for avoiding diffused stray light from rest reflectiveness.
  • this concept can be used for any kind of light valve.
  • To operate at high light output levels calls for reflective micro-display technology that allows a high fill factor with the driving electronics buried under the pixel and an effective cooling from the back of the micro-display, this could either be based on DMD or LCOS display technology.
  • the light valve can be a liquid crystal display but it is preferred that the light valve is a digital micro mirror array or a LCOS device. It is preferred that the light valve is used for an optical light valve device of an optical projection device, e.g. a digital luminating device or light.
  • the light valve typically comprises an active area for modulating the incident light by predetermined image data.
  • the aperture is adapted for blocking incident light from being irradiated onto another part of the light valve than the active area. In this way, it can be avoided to heat up the light valve system which is necessary for driving the active area of the light valve, e. g. the micro mirrors in case of a DMD array. If the heating of the light valve system, especially the electronics, is avoided, reliability and lifetime of the optical light valve device are improved.
  • the light which is reflected from the surface of the light-blocking area of the aperture which is facing away from the light valve is not diffuse, this reflected light can be directed away from the projection lens (and/or the light valve) in a controlled manner, i. e. away from the active area of the light valve in order to avoid negative effects due to a stray light, and away from the light valve system in order to avoid heating.
  • the light reflected from the aperture is directed onto an optical sink and/or onto a heat sink.
  • a combined optical and heat sink is provided. In this way, the undesired part of the light which is irradiated in a direction towards the light valve is eliminated in a controlled way.
  • the light-blocking ability of the aperture may be based on different effects.
  • the light-blocking area of the aperture comprises a dark coating, preferably a black coating, e.g. a black chrome coating.
  • a black coating e.g. a black chrome coating.
  • the aperture comprises a glass plate.
  • the dark coating is provided on that surface of the glass plate which is facing towards the light valve.
  • the aperture comprises a glass plate which is partly coated with a dark coating, especially a black coating, on its side which is different from the side on which the light is irradiated. Due to the dark coating, a light-blocking area is formed.
  • This light-blocking area preferably surrounds a light- transmissive opening through the glass which allows that part of the incident light which is directed onto the light-transmissive are to reach the active area of the light valve. In this way, most of the incident light falling onto the light-blocking area of the aperture is eliminated since it is absorbed by the dark coating.
  • the part of the light which is falling onto the light-blocking area but which is not absorbed by the dark coating can be reflected in a controlled way, i. e. by specular reflection since the glass plate can be provided with a very even surface.
  • the glass plate at least on one side, i. e. the side facing the light valve, preferably on both sides, is polished.
  • the surface roughness of the aperture is ⁇ 10 nm, preferably
  • the average surface roughness can be 1 nm.
  • surface roughness is understood to be representative of the center-line mean roughness of the surface of the aperture, e. g. the glass plate.
  • the coating has a very small thickness, preferably a thickness
  • the coating can be a black chrome coating
  • the thickness of a black chrome coating is typically 200 nm.
  • the aperture comprises one single glass plate.
  • the light-transmissive part of the aperture is formed by the area of the glass plate which is not covered with a dark coating. This is advantageous since reflective surfaces of a bore in the glass plate, i.e. side walls of the bore, which might lead to further stray light, can be avoided.
  • a further advantage of a glass plate for the aperture is that glass is a bad heat conductor compared to metal. Accordingly, the light valve system is heated by the glass aperture to a lesser degree compared with conventional metal apertures, leading to higher reliability and longer lifetime of the device as already stated above.
  • the aperture e.g. a suitably transparent part of a glass plate, is optionally retractable or moveable away from the light valve.
  • an additional aperture can be provided that has a differently shaped transparent part, i.e. the one aperture with reduced disturnbing light according to the present invention may be moved to one side and replaced with another aperture.
  • the present invention also provides a method of remove disturbing stray light outside the active area of an optical light valve device which is adapted for being irradiated with incident light and for modulating the incident light by predetermined image data and having a black level, the disturbing stray light being derived from light of an incoming beam, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a first part of the incident light in a direction towards the light valve through an aperture, blocking second part of the incident light from falling onto the light valve, wherein the light-blocking means has a thickness such that any light reflected from the edge of the light-blocking means into the aperture is less than the black level of the light valve.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an optical light valve device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 schematically depicts the aperture of the optical light valve device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a cross sectional view.
  • Fig. 3 schematically depicts an assembly including the aperture of the optical light valve device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 schematically depicts apertures of the optical light valve device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Electronic projection display apparatuses for use with the present invention can have several designs.
  • One such optical design comprises mirrors that split an incoming light beam, which typically is a white light beam, in three different colour beams, typically a red, green and blue color beam, modulates the different colour beams with a spatial light modulating means for each of the three different colours, and recombines the three modulated light beams in a dichroic prism, like e.g. an x-cube, to form a single light beam to be projected on a screen through a projection lens.
  • a dichroic prism like e.g. an x-cube
  • the system has some specific advantages, as the light paths between the color splitting/recombining means and the light modulating means can be very small, as the light modulating means typically are positioned adjacent the X-cube dichroic prism, in slits attached to the X-cube dichroic prism.
  • the group of a dichroic prism combination such as an X-cube, possible additional filters and the light modulating means with their holders, typically is called a convergence system.
  • the present invention provides components for a convergence system of a projector.
  • An exemplary and non-limiting example of a convergence system comprises various components such as an X-cube, one to three (or more) intermediate parts for three (or more) different colors or color ranges and light modulating means such as a light valve for all three (or more) or for each of these three (or more) different colors.
  • An X-cube is typically a dichroic prism which allows recombination of three outgoing beams having a different color or color range into one beam. Some prisms however act as splitting and recombining mirrors at the same time, e.g. for reflective DMD's or reflective LCD's, such as LCOS-technology.
  • a spatial light modulating means such as a light valve is provided which can be any suitable device which comprises an array of individually addressable and individually drivable light modulating pixels, which can be driven to represent an arbitrary image.
  • the spatial light modulating can be e.g. a digital mirror device (DMD) or a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) device, but is not limited thereto.
  • an spatial light modulating means such as an optical light valve device with a light valve 1 formed by a DMD array and an aperture 2 for partly blocking light 3 directed onto the light valve 1 is provided.
  • the aperture 2 comprises a polished glass plate 4 which is coated with a black coating 5 on its backside.
  • the black coating is thin, e.g. ⁇ 1000 nm, more preferably a thickness ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
  • a black chrome can be used, e.g. a 200 nm thick black chrome coating.
  • a light-blocking area 6 and a light-transmissive area 7 through the glass are provided.
  • the light-transmissive area 7 and the light-blocking area 6 of the coating 5 on the glass plate 4 are adapted in such a way that light 3 directed towards the light valve 1 is blocked or transmitted, respectively, in such a manner that very little incident light 3 reaches the complete light valve 1.
  • the amount of light which reflects off the edge of the coating is less than the black value of the light valve.
  • the black value of a spatial light modulating means such as a light valve is a well known quantity and is the light intensity reflected when the light value is displaying all black pixels.
  • the light-transmissive area can be circular, oval or any other shape although the DMD is often rectangular.
  • light valve 1 comprises an active area 8 for modulating incident light 3 by predetermined image data in order to form an image on a screen 9 due to reflected modulated light 10.
  • the active area 8 of the light valve 1 is surrounded by a light valve packaging 11.
  • the light valve 1 comprises a light valve system 12 which incorporates the electronics for driving the light valve, i. e. for controlling the micro mirrors of the DMD array.
  • the irradiation of other parts of the light valve 1 than the active area 8, i. e. irradiation of the light valve packaging 11 and/or the light valve system 12 is essentially avoided. Thus, practically no heating due to undesired light falling onto these parts of the light valve 1 occurs.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an assembly 20 that can form part of a convergence system of a projector. It comprises one or more connectors 16 and one or more flexible strip conductors 15, 17 for connection to a light valve 1 such as an LCOS panel and any electronics associated thereto.
  • a light valve 1 such as an LCOS panel is located in a holder 18.
  • Set into the holder 18 is a ledge 19 onto which the aperture 2 is fixed to thereby form an airtight compartment above the light valve 1. This has the advantage that dust cannot form directly on the light valve one but only on the aperture at some distance away. This avoids dust being visible in focus on the projection screen.
  • the aperture 2 is shown removed from its operating position for clarity reasons.
  • the aperture 2 may be, e.g. a glass plate with a transparent zone in the middle and a black coating on the side towards the light valve as described in previous embodiments.
  • the aperture 2 comprises a polished glass plate which is coated with a black coating on its backside.
  • the black coating is thin, e.g. ⁇ 1000 nm, more preferably a thickness ⁇ 500 nm or ⁇ 250 nm.
  • a black chrome can be used, e.g. a 200 nm thick black chrome coating. Due to the black coating a light-blocking area and a light-transmissive area through the glass are provided.
  • the surface of the glass plate on which the black coating is provided is preferably very flat, i. e.
  • a circular image can be created by a light valve such as a DMD (or an LCOS device), but due to stray light, the rectangular shape of the DMD is still visible when projecting in a dark environment, even when all mirrors are in the off state. Inserting a circular aperture makes it possible to have a circular spot when all mirrors are in the off state. The circular aperture will suffer from heat since a big part of the light is blocked. This results in heat stress which can cause deformation.
  • a mechanical design is provided by the present invention that provides an as thin as possible plate as the aperture. The plate can be retractable when a rectangular image is required. Fig.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a mechanical system for moving the aperture between two positions.
  • the aperture defined by the glass plate and the coating is controlling the light entering the aperture.
  • the glass plate is retracted to one side and optionally another type of aperture may be moved in or no aperture is used.
  • the aperture shape can be any desired shape, e.g. round, oval, quadratic etc.
  • the glass plate and coating may be moved to one side, e.g. by running or sliding on guides or slides which control the direction of movement of the aperture.
  • the aperture may swing about a hinge to be brought into alignment with the light valve.
  • the aperture may rotate into place, e.g. being located in an aperture wheel, e.g. with other apertures that can be brought into alignment with the light valve by rotation of the wheel.
  • the movement of the aperture may be motorised.
  • the present invention may be used in any type of projection device with a light valve, e.g. as part of a GoBo.
  • the projection device may include one or more light valves according to the present invention, e.g. a one-light valve projection device or a three light- valve projection device.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un dispositif de modulateur de lumière optique, comprenant un modulateur de lumière (1) qui (5) est conçu pour être irradié avec une lumière incidente (3) et pour moduler la lumière incidente (3) grâce à des données d’image prédéterminées, et une ouverture (2) avec une zone d'émission de lumière (7) destinée à émettre une partie de la lumière incidente (3) et des moyens de blocage de lumière (6) destinés à bloquer une autre partie de la lumière incidente (3), les moyens de blocage de lumière étant minces afin d’éviter les reflets provenant du bord de l’ouverture. Cela a comme avantage que la lumière parasite incontrôlée (10) est évitée et qu'ainsi, aucune détérioration de la qualité d’image due à une telle lumière diffusée ne se produit. En outre, la surface de la zone de blocage de lumière (6) qui est tournée à l’opposé du modulateur de lumière(1) est spéculairement réfléchissante. Cela a également comme avantage que la lumière parasite incontrôlée est (15) évitée et qu’ainsi, aucune détérioration de la qualité d’image due à une telle lumière diffusée ne se produit.
PCT/EP2009/056465 2008-05-30 2009-05-27 Modulateur de lumière optique ayant une ouverture d’entrée WO2009144251A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0809903A GB2460457A (en) 2008-05-30 2008-05-30 Optical light valve device or spatial light modulator
GB0809903.8 2008-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009144251A1 true WO2009144251A1 (fr) 2009-12-03

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PCT/EP2009/056465 WO2009144251A1 (fr) 2008-05-30 2009-05-27 Modulateur de lumière optique ayant une ouverture d’entrée

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WO (1) WO2009144251A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109773354A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-21 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 一种精确计算消杂光光阑与镜片距离以及消杂光光阑通光口径的方法

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5379083A (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-01-03 Raychem Corporation Projector
US20030147052A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-08-07 Penn Steven M. High contrast projection
US20040095457A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2004-05-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Thermal transfer of a black matrix containing carbon black
US20050036216A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Cheng-Kuang Lee Image display apparatus
US20050157376A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-07-21 Huibers Andrew G. Spatial light modulators with light blocking/absorbing areas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5934778A (en) * 1998-03-10 1999-08-10 Nec Corporation Optical system for liquid crystal projector
JP4082369B2 (ja) * 2004-03-25 2008-04-30 セイコーエプソン株式会社 液晶ライトバルブを構成する射出側偏光板の温度上昇抑制
JP4197527B2 (ja) * 2006-08-18 2008-12-17 三菱電機株式会社 投射型表示装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5379083A (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-01-03 Raychem Corporation Projector
US20040095457A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2004-05-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Thermal transfer of a black matrix containing carbon black
US20030147052A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-08-07 Penn Steven M. High contrast projection
US20050157376A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2005-07-21 Huibers Andrew G. Spatial light modulators with light blocking/absorbing areas
US20050036216A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-02-17 Cheng-Kuang Lee Image display apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109773354A (zh) * 2019-03-05 2019-05-21 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 一种精确计算消杂光光阑与镜片距离以及消杂光光阑通光口径的方法

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Publication number Publication date
GB0809903D0 (en) 2008-07-09
GB2460457A (en) 2009-12-02

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