WO2009133176A2 - Module solaire à couche mince utilisé comme verre de sécurité feuilleté - Google Patents

Module solaire à couche mince utilisé comme verre de sécurité feuilleté Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009133176A2
WO2009133176A2 PCT/EP2009/055276 EP2009055276W WO2009133176A2 WO 2009133176 A2 WO2009133176 A2 WO 2009133176A2 EP 2009055276 W EP2009055276 W EP 2009055276W WO 2009133176 A2 WO2009133176 A2 WO 2009133176A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polyvinyl acetal
glass
film
films
photovoltaic module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/055276
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2009133176A3 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Koll
Original Assignee
Kuraray Europe Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Kuraray Europe Gmbh filed Critical Kuraray Europe Gmbh
Publication of WO2009133176A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009133176A2/fr
Publication of WO2009133176A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009133176A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10688—Adjustment of the adherence to the glass layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to thin-film solar modules designed as laminated safety glass using a film based on plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal and their use.
  • Thin-film solar modules consist of a photosensitive
  • Semiconductor layer deposited on a substrate e.g. a transparent plate or a flexible carrier sheet e.g. by vapor deposition, vapor deposition, sputtering or wet deposition is applied.
  • the thus-supported semiconductor layers are then sandwiched between a glass sheet and a rigid, rear cover plate, e.g. laminated from glass or plastics using a transparent adhesive.
  • the transparent adhesive must completely enclose the photosensitive semiconductor layer and its electrical connection lines, be UV-stable and insensitive to moisture and be completely free of bubbles after the lamination process.
  • Curing resins or crosslinkable ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) based systems are often used as transparent adhesives, as disclosed, for example, in DE 41 22 721 C1 or DE 41 28 766 A1. These adhesive systems can be set in the uncured state so low viscosity that they surround the solar cell units bubble-free. After adding a hardener or crosslinking agent, a mechanically resistant adhesive layer is obtained.
  • a disadvantage of these adhesive systems is that aggressive substances such as acids are released during the curing process, which can destroy the photosensitive semiconductor layers, in particular thin-film modules.
  • some casting resins tend after some years to blistering or delamination by UV radiation.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • PVB films Process for the preparation of solar modules using PVB films are z. Example by DE 40 26 165 C2, DE 42 278 60 A1, DE 29 237 70 C2, DE 35 38 986 C2 or US 4,321,418 known.
  • the use of PVB films in solar modules as composite safety glazings is e.g. in DE 20 302 045 U 1, EP 1617487 A1, and DE 35 389 86 C2.
  • these documents contain no information about the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of the PVB films used.
  • the PVB film is used only for embedding the solar cell units; Safety aspects or the required properties of the PVB film are not described.
  • Bonded safety glazings is disclosed in DE 20 302 045 U1 and DE 35 389 86 C2. However, these specifications do not specify the safety properties of the composite glasses or the properties of the PVB film used.
  • the safety properties of a composite of glass and PVB film are known to depend on the adhesive force between the film and glass.
  • the adhesive force should be so high that the mechanical destruction of the glass gluing the glass fragments to the film is guaranteed and sharp-edged glass fragments can not peel off.
  • an impacting object can penetrate the laminated glass, since the PVB film hardly deforms elastically at the point of impact and only slightly contributes to the braking of the object. If the adhesion to the glass is at a lower level, the PVB film at the point of impact can be peeled off from the glass under stretching and deformed, whereby the impacting object is slowed down.
  • EP 1617478 A2 describes the production of solar modules which have embedded between two PVB films solar cells.
  • the adhesive effect of the PVB film is directly to the glass, so that the safety properties of these solar modules correspond to those of laminated safety glass.
  • Thin-film solar modules are not mentioned in this patent.
  • the adhesion of the PVB film takes place at least on one surface of the module via the solar cells and not to the glass, so that there is room for improvement here.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to
  • the present invention therefore relates to a photovoltaic module, comprising a laminate of a) a transparent front cover b) one or more photosensitive semiconductor layers c) at least one plasticizer-containing, based on polyvinyl acetal Foil and d) a back cover wherein the photosensitive semiconductor layers b) on the transparent
  • Front cover a) or the rear cover d) are applied and by at least one plasticized polyvinyl acetal based film c), which have a tensile strength according to EN ISO 527/3 of at least 16 N / mm 2 , are glued together.
  • Plasticizer-containing films based on polyvinyl acetal which can be used according to the invention preferably have a tensile strength according to EN ISO 527/3 of 16 to 36 N / mm 2 , in particular 18 to 32 N / mm 2 and preferably of 20 to 30 N / mm 2 .
  • Plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal-based films used according to the invention therefore preferably have impact strengths of at least 1500 kJ / m 2 , particularly preferably at least 1700 kJ / m 2 , and in particular at least 1800 kJ / m 2 or 2000 kJ / m 2 .
  • the upper limit can be a tensile impact strength of 3500 kJ / m 2 .
  • Thin-film solar modules contain in particular photosensitive semiconductor layers based on amorphous or microcrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), CIS (copper / indium / (di) selenide) or copper / indium / gallium / sulphide / selenide (CIGS) or thin conductive layers (TCO) are chemically susceptible to corrosion, so the encapsulant must be chemically inert and free of aggressive chemical additives such as crosslinkers, crosslinkers, or primers to avoid acid traces.
  • CdTe cadmium telluride
  • CIS copper / indium / (di) selenide) or copper / indium / gallium / sulphide / selenide
  • TCO thin conductive layers
  • the avoidance of acid traces in the production of the material is another way to reduce the tendency of the films used according to the invention to resist photosensitive semiconductor layers.
  • Films of this type are produced by extrusion at elevated temperatures, whereby a thermal decomposition of the polymeric material or the plasticizer can occur. Furthermore, by diffused water cleavage of the residual acetate groups of the polyvinyl acetal occur, whereby acetic acid is released. In both cases, acid traces that can attack the photosensitive semiconductor layers result.
  • the films used according to the invention therefore preferably have a certain basicity, expressed as alkali titers, which may be above 10, preferably above 15 and in particular above 20, 30 or 40. A maximum alkali titre of 100 should not be exceeded.
  • the alkali titer is determined by back-titration of the film, as described below, and may be carried out by addition of basic substances, e.g. Metal salts of organic carboxylic acids having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, in particular alkali or alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium or potassium acetate can be adjusted.
  • the basic compound is usually used in a concentration of 0.005 to 2% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the total mixture.
  • the films used in the invention in a
  • Ambient humidity of 85% RH at 23 ° C a resistivity of at least 1 E + 11 ohm * cm, preferably at least 5E + 11 ohm * cm, preferably 1 E + 12 ohm * cm, preferably 5E + 12 ohm * cm, preferably 1 E + 13, preferably 5E + 13 ohm * cm, preferably 1 E + 14 ohm * cm on.
  • polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in water and acetalized with an aldehyde such as butyraldehyde with the addition of an acid catalyst.
  • the precipitated polyvinyl acetal is separated, washed neutral, optionally suspended in an alkaline aqueous medium, then washed neutral again and dried.
  • the acid used for the acetalization must be neutralized again after the reaction. If an excess of base (eg NaOH, KOH or Mg (OH) 2 ) is used here, the alkalititer increases and all or part of the addition of the basic substance can be dispensed with.
  • base eg NaOH, KOH or Mg (OH) 2
  • the polyvinyl alcohol content of the polyvinyl acetal can be adjusted by the amount of aldehyde used in the acetalization.
  • Aldehydes having 2-10 carbon atoms e.g., valeraldehyde.
  • the films based on plasticized polyvinyl acetal preferably contain uncrosslinked polyvinyl butyral (PVB), which is obtained by acetalization of polyvinyl alcohol with butyraldehyde.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • crosslinked polyvinyl acetals in particular crosslinked polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is also possible.
  • Suitable crosslinked polyvinyl acetals are e.g. in EP 1527107 B1 and WO 2004/063231 A1 (thermal self-crosslinking of polyvinyl acetals containing carboxyl groups), EP 1606325 A1 (polyvinyl acetals crosslinked with polyaldehydes) and WO 03/020776 A1 (polyvinyl acetals crosslinked with glyoxylic acid).
  • EP 1527107 B1 and WO 2004/063231 A1 thermal self-crosslinking of polyvinyl acetals containing carboxyl groups
  • EP 1606325 A1 polyvinyl acetals crosslinked with polyaldehydes
  • WO 03/020776 A1 polyvinyl acetals crosslinked with glyoxylic acid
  • polyvinyl alcohol terpolymers of hydrolyzed vinyl acetate / ethylene copolymers can be used in the context of the present invention. These compounds are usually hydrolyzed to more than 98 mol% and contain 1 to 10 wt. Based on ethylene units (eg type "Exceval” Kuraray Europe GmbH).
  • polyvinyl alcohol hydrolyzed copolymers of vinyl acetate and at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer can also be used within the scope of the present invention.
  • polyvinyl alcohols can be used in the context of the present invention purely or as a mixture of polyvinyl alcohols with different degree of polymerization or degree of hydrolysis.
  • Polyvinyl acetals still contain in addition to the acetal units
  • the polyvinyl acetals used according to the invention preferably have a polyvinyl alcohol content of less than 22% by weight, 20% by weight or 18% by weight, less than 16% by weight or 15% by weight and in particular less than 14% by weight. A polyvinyl alcohol content of 12% by weight should not be exceeded.
  • Polyvinyl acetal is preferably less than 3% by weight or less than 1% by weight, more preferably less than 0.75% by weight, very preferably less than 0.5% by weight and in particular less than 0.25% by weight.
  • the degree of acetalization can be determined by calculation.
  • the films have a plasticizer content of at most 40% by weight, 35% by weight, 32% by weight, 30% by weight, 28% by weight, 26% by weight, 24% by weight or 22% by weight. on, with a plasticizer content of 15 wt.% Should not be exceeded for reasons of processability of the film (each based on the total film formulation).
  • Inventive films or photovoltaic modules may contain one or more plasticizers.
  • Suitable plasticizers for the films used according to the invention are one or more compounds selected from the following groups:
  • esters of polyhydric aliphatic or aromatic acids for example dialkyl adipates such as dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexyl cyclohexyl adipate, mixtures of heptyl and nonyl adipates, diisononyl adipate, heptyl nonyl adipate and esters of adipic acid with cycloaliphatic or Etheritatien containing ester alcohols, dialkyl sebacates such as dibutyl sebacate and esters of sebacic acid with cycloaliphatic or ether bonds containing ester alcohols, esters of phthalic acid such as butyl benzyl phthalate or bis-2-butoxyethylphthalat
  • Esters or ethers of polyhydric aliphatic or aromatic alcohols or oligoether glycols having one or more linear or branched aliphatic or aromatic substituents e.g. Esters of di-, tri- or tetraglycols with linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids;
  • Esters of di-, tri- or tetraglycols with linear or branched aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids may serve diethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate), triethylene glycol bis (2-ethylhexanoate), tri-ethylene glycol bis (2-ethylbu-ta-no-ate) .
  • Phosphates with aliphatic or aromatic ester alcohols e.g. Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TOF), triethyl phosphate, diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, and / or tricresyl phosphate
  • esters of citric acid, succinic acid and / or fumaric acid Particularly suitable as plasticizers for the films used according to the invention are one or more compounds selected from the following group: di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate (DOS), di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA), dihexyl adipate (DHA ), Dibutyl sebacate (DBS), triethylene glycol bis-n-heptanoate (3G7), tetraethylene glycol bis-n-heptanoate (4G7), triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO or 3G8) tetraethylene glycol bis-n-2 ethylhexanoate (4GO or 4G8) di-2-butoxyethyl adipate (DBEA), di-2-butoxyethoxyethyl adipate (DBEEA) di-2-butoxyethyl sebacate (DBES), di-2-ethy
  • Plasticizers whose polarity expressed by the formula 100 ⁇ O / (C + H) is less than or equal to 9.4 are particularly suitable as plasticizers for the films used according to the invention, where O, C and H are the number of oxygen atoms. , Carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule.
  • the following table shows plasticizers which can be used according to the invention and their polarity values according to the formula 100 ⁇ O / (C + H).
  • the ion mobility which is possibly dependent on the water content of the film and thus the specific resistance can be influenced by the addition of SiO 2 , in particular fumed silica.
  • the plasticizer-containing films based on polyvinyl acetal preferably contain 0.001 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight, of SiO 2 .
  • the solar module has sound insulating properties in that at least one, preferably both, of the films has soundproofing properties.
  • Soundproofing films based on PVB are z.
  • EP 1 118 258 B1 or EP 387 148 B1 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Soundproofing foils according to EP 1 118 258 B1 increase the sound insulation of a laminated safety glass at its coincidence frequency in the range of 1,000 to 3,500 Hz by at least 2 dB, measured according to DIN EN ISO 717.
  • Suitable sound-insulating films contain according to EP 1118258 B1:
  • PVB partially acetalized polyvinyl alcohol
  • plasticizer mixture From 70 to 30% by weight, calculated as a proportion of the plasticizer mixture, of one or more standard plasticizers, such as di-n-hexyl-adipate (DHA), and triethylene glycol-bis-n-heptanoate (3G7) or triethylene glycol bis- 2-ethylhexanoate (3G8).
  • DHA di-n-hexyl-adipate
  • G7 triethylene glycol-bis-n-heptanoate
  • G8 triethylene glycol bis- 2-ethylhexanoate
  • the inventively usable PVB films have the following properties:
  • the adhesion of the PVB films on glass and on the solar cell units of importance In addition to the tear strength and / or impact resistance, the adhesion of the PVB films on glass and on the solar cell units of importance.
  • the degree of splinter bonding of PVB film in laminated safety glass is determined by the so-called Pummeltest. The performance of this test is known to the person skilled in the art or described in WO 03/033583 A1.
  • the solar modules according to the invention should have pummel values of 3 to 5 (high penetration protection) or 7 to 10 (good splinter bonding, eg in the case of overhead glazing).
  • Pummel Pummel
  • adhesion of PVB films to glass can by the addition of adhesion regulators such.
  • adhesion regulators such as alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids can be adjusted. Be particularly suitable potassium acetate and / or magnesium acetate have been found.
  • adhesion regulators such as alkali and / or alkaline earth salts.
  • the safety properties of the solar modules according to the invention are determined by the adhesion properties of the PVB films to glass. These can be described by measuring compression shear adhesion.
  • suitable PVB films preferably have a compression shear adhesion to air / air glass surfaces of 8 - 30 N / mm 2 , preferably 10 - 25 N / mm 2 and in particular 12 - 20 N / mm 2 .
  • the compression shear adhesion of these films to glass surfaces with respect to the tin / tin sides of the glass is preferably 8-25 N / mm 2 , preferably 10-20 N / mm 2 .
  • Foils are usually 0.38, 0.51, 0.76, 1.14, 1.52 or 2.28 mm.
  • the photosensitive material In general, in thin-film modules, the photosensitive material
  • this edge region can be very narrow, preferably below 3 cm, especially below 2 cm and in particular below 1 cm.
  • the transparent front cover is usually made of glass or PMMA.
  • the rear cover of the photovoltaic module according to the invention may consist of glass, plastic or metal or their composites, wherein at least one of the carrier may be transparent. It is also possible to use one or both covers as Laminated glazing (ie as a laminate of at least two glass panes and at least one PVB film) or as insulating glazing with a gas gap perform. Of course, the combination of these measures is possible.
  • the photosensitive semiconductor layers used in the modules need not have any special properties. Mono-, polycrystalline or amorphous systems can be used.
  • Photovoltaic modules used vacuum laminators. These consist of a heatable and evacuable chamber, in which composite glazing can be laminated within 30 - 60 minutes. Reduced pressures of 0.01 to 300 mbar and temperatures of 100 to 200 0 C, in particular 130 - 160 0 C have proven in practice.
  • a laminated as described above composite body between at least one pair of rollers at a temperature of 60 to 150 ° C are pressed into a module according to the invention.
  • Systems of this type are known for the production of laminated glazing and usually have at least one heating tunnel before or after the first press shop in systems with two pressing plants.
  • the invention relates to the use of plasticizer-containing, based on polyvinyl acetal films having a tensile strength according to EN ISO 527/3 of at least 16 N / mm 2 for the production of photovoltaic modules constructed from a) a transparent front cover b) one or more photosensitive semiconductor layers c) of at least one plasticizer-containing polyvinyl acetal-based film and d) a back cover wherein the photosensitive semiconductor layers b) are applied to the transparent front cover a) or the rear cover d) and by at least one plasticizer-containing on Polyvinyl acetal based film c) are glued together.
  • the polyvinyl acetal-based films c) used for this purpose may have the preferred properties described.
  • Photovoltaic modules according to the invention can be used as a facade component
  • the measurement of the volume resistivity of the film is carried out according to DIN IEC 60093 at a defined temperature and ambient humidity (23 ° C and 85% rl_F) after the film has been conditioned for at least 24 hours under these conditions.
  • a plate electrode type 302 132 from Fetronic GmbH and an ohmmeter ISO-Digi 5 kV from Amprobe were used.
  • the test voltage was 2.5kV, the waiting time after application of the test voltage up to the data acquisition 60 sec.
  • Polyvinyl acetals were determined according to ASTM D 1396-92. The analysis of the metal ion content was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).
  • the water or moisture content of the films is with the Karl Fischer method determined. This method can be carried out both on the unlaminated film and on a laminated photovoltaic module as a function of the distance to the edge of the film.
  • the measurement of the toughness of the interlayer material under a rapid, dynamic load is carried out in the impact tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 8256 and is given in kJ / m 2 . Concerning. the testing machine is referred to the ISO 13802.
  • the pendulum impact test is carried out in accordance with EN12600; the result is given in the classification of this standard.
  • the adhesion of the film to the glass is given in "punch values" in each case based on the fire or tin side of the glass.
  • the PVB film to be tested is placed between two flat silicate glass panes of the format 300 mm x 300 mm with a thickness of 2 mm, deaerated in a pre-composite oven with calender rolls to a glass pre-composite and then in an autoclave at a pressure of 12 bar and at a temperature of 140 ° C within a total of 90 min. pressed into a flat laminated safety glass. From the laminated safety glass thus produced, 10 samples measuring 25.4 mm ⁇ 25.4 mm are cut.
  • test parameters are as follows:
  • Substrate glasses having thereon deposited, functionally contacted thin-layer cells were laminated in the laminator method with a cover glass by PVB films of the composition given in Tables 3 and 4 and subjected to various mechanical tests.
  • Float glass of thickness 3 mm VSG 33.2 was used as the substrate glass and plasticized PVB with a total thickness of 0.76 was used as the film mm inserted.
  • the quantities in Tables 3 and 4 are in wt.% Based on the sum of PVB and plasticizer. 3G8 stands for
  • Interlayer materials i. those with a high tensile strength and / or high tensile impact strength particularly penetration resistant
  • Photovoltaic modules are obtained. These are as

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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation de feuilles à base de polyvinalacétale, contenant des plastifiants, qui présentent une résistance à la rupture d'au moins 16 n/mm2, pour produire des modules photovoltaïques à couche mince.
PCT/EP2009/055276 2008-04-30 2009-04-30 Module solaire à couche mince utilisé comme verre de sécurité feuilleté WO2009133176A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008001512.1 2008-04-30
DE102008001512A DE102008001512A1 (de) 2008-04-30 2008-04-30 Dünnschicht-Solarmodul als Verbundsicherheitsglas

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WO2009133176A2 true WO2009133176A2 (fr) 2009-11-05
WO2009133176A3 WO2009133176A3 (fr) 2010-08-19

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009135930A2 (fr) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-12 Kuraray Europe Gmbh Modules photovoltaïques contenant des feuilles plastifiées intermédiaires à haute résistivité transversale et bonne résistance à la pénétration
DE102018209979A1 (de) * 2018-06-20 2019-12-24 Solibro Hi-Tech Gmbh Solarmodul und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Solarmoduls

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