WO2009128694A1 - Integral panel for walls and floors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an integral panel for walls and floors, formed by the following elements: two parallel electrowelded meshes which are galvanized or made from normal steel and which are cut to the exact measurements of the required wall or floor; a plurality of cross-shaped connectors and spacers, the ends of which are welded perpendicularly to the horizontal or vertical rods of the electrowelded meshes, connecting same in parallel, and which also fix, secure and separate the polystyrene; polystyrene insulation cut to the exact required measurements and positioned in the centre of the meshes to form a sandwich; an electrowelded connecting mesh, with or without a bend, for joining the walls and/or floors to one another; all of the connection, wire and welding elements for joining all of the components to one another; all of the cantilevered parts belonging to one of the two electrowelded meshes, which support the panel on existing supporting elements of the structure to be built; the rods and columns that are built into the integral panel for walls and floors; and the connections and connecting elements, such as annealed or galvanised wire, welds.

Description

 INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs OBJECTIVE:

It is an integral panel to be used in the construction industry, specifically to build walls and slabs to the exact extent required, of variable thickness, with insulating, thermal and acoustic characteristics, adaptable to most of the projects of building, which integrates monolithically and homogeneously, the set of necessary structural elements that requires a wall or a roof, such as electro-welded meshes which can be galvanized or of normal steel for non-galvanized construction, joined by peculiar connectors and cross-shaped separators to which the insulator and lightening that can be made of expanded or extruded polystyrene with fire retardant additive, or similar, placed between the two sandwich-shaped meshes, as well as the elements have been welded perpendicularly electro-welded mesh-based connectors that serve to join these elements together and / or with other structure s, their respective mooring elements that can be made of annealed or galvanized wire for construction or by other alternative mooring devices such as, for example, steel clips, electric welding or arc welding or annealed or galvanized wire used in construction . It is intended, when designing this integral panel, to have a panel for walls and slabs that has, among others, the following particularities: a) Have an integral panel for walls and slabs manufactured to the exact extent required. b) Its 2 electrowelded meshes are joined by a cross that is perpendicular to them, this cross has 3 functions: join the two welded meshes, parallel, hold and fix the polystyrene insulating filler and ensure a separation between the meshes and the polystyrene to guarantee the proper coating of mortar and concrete when applied on their faces. c) Having a panel to the exact extent that does not require making joints of several pieces together to make the desired wall or slab or generate leftovers, pollution and waste. d) Also, optionally, as a preferred modality with an element for walls and slabs that integrate as part of it, the elements known as beams and columns. e) Have a lightening filler made of expanded or extracted polystyrene, thermal and acoustic insulation, with fire retardant additives and to the exact size of the desired wall or slab. f) Have a panel for walls and slabs as a preferred modality that may have the possibility of having one of its 2 parallel meshes greater than the other so that this difference in size between the two meshes serves as a natural support of the panel a the support and anchoring elements such as other fasteners such as columns, beams, etc. g) Have an INTEGRAL PANEL for walls and slabs that, because it is manufactured to the exact required size, can be assembled with said elements, in a short time, any construction project, without requiring the union of several pieces together. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, the conventional panels used in the construction of walls and slabs are integrated by welded mesh on both sides and have an insulating padding. These panels, several of them, are subsequently fixed to the main structure constituted by the frames formed of columns and beams that have previously been erected. So far this construction process consists of the following stages: L- Build the structure of the building, its foundations, anchors and its rigid frames consisting of columns and beams.

2.- Place the panels, usually several, joining each other, to make a single wall or ceiling over the previous structure, which generates many joints in the assembly since, for example, a house of a level, of 100 meters square requires only about 180 to 200 square meters of wall plus its corresponding 100 square meters of slab which makes a total of approximately 300 square meters. Then, if a panel is considered to be approximately 3 square meters, it is concluded that about 100 panels are required for this house, which will be necessary to join together, to form the walls and slabs of said house. All these joints must be multiplied by two and then multiplied by four, since the unions are required on both sides of said panels and on all four sides of their perimeter. Finally, they must be multiplied by the number of moorings and unions required per linear meter or on each side to be joined. This type of assembly is never homogeneous because each panel is joined to the other in a different way and no union is the same. 3.- Reinforce and tie the panels to the structure.

4.- Anchor and tie these panels to the structure that will support and support them. 5.- Verify that each union, two for each panel assembled since it is required to tie them on both sides, has been carried out with due structural reinforcement.

6.- In addition, to build a closet of a house you have the need to have a wall of 0.75 m and that with conventional panels it is necessary to cut a piece to fit the size of the closet, which generates waste and leftovers; or also, assemble several pieces of already patented panels that have predetermined measurements and then trim them to fit the desired wall size. This, in addition to generating cuts, leftovers and waste causes that the steel assembly is no longer homogeneous in the development of the wall.

7. ~ In the same way, it is the case that to build a slab, because the existing panels in the market have a pre-established measure, to assemble a slab with such panels, it will be necessary to depend on the measures that are multiples of the patented products, which prevents a building with walls and slabs manufactured to the exact extent required in any project, thus generating cuts that demand time, cost, tools and labor, which generate leftovers and waste that pollute and have costs to the detriment of the buyer's economy and the construction project itself.

8.- Also, it is very important to take into account that the expanded polystyrene used in the construction as an insulator and lightening is often manufactured with waste material which is recycled and joined with virgin material to be used again in the construction. A large quantity of this recycled material is a packaging product that has high insulating properties as it is expanded or extracted polystyrene, high density but nevertheless lacks fire retardant additives or fire retardants.

As can be seen, these stages are inconvenient for a construction project since they require, among others, a great investment of time and costs of materials and labor required for the assembly of as many parts or parts as well as materials that guarantee safety to your buyers. With the purpose of suppressing these and other inconveniences, the development of this INTEGRAL PANEL constituted by only one panel, that is, only one exact piece of the desired item, which constitutes itself. a whole wall or a whole slab, which can integrate within itself, if desired, the elements Wall-Beams-Columns, also Slab-Beams, which are linked together and which are all the elements required in a structure, that work more economically, monolithically and efficiently even than those formed by a greater number of pieces or parts because it is a wall or slab manufactured to the exact extent required in the construction and that adapt to most building projects and that It does not generate leftovers, waste or pollution. In addition, in the existing existing patents that are technologies in use and protected by patents granted to their owners, the following can be observed: In relation to the international patent WO 03/093599 A 1, reference is made: "... to a low density polystyrene core and octagonal and hexagonal section respectively, wrapped in a welded galvanized steel wire mesh. "

It is also described as a "System of structural nodules formed by pieces of 2.44m X 0.4066m X 10 cm" that when grouped "... form nodules of 2.44 mx 1.22 mx 10 cm, 2.44 mx 0.8132 mx 10 cm, and 2.44 mx 0.4066 mx 10 cm ". This means that the patent referred to in PCT document WO 03/093599 A 1, is a piece of dimensions whose prototype starts from a small element that is 2.44 mx 0.4066 mx 10 cm and that to make a larger wall dimensions are enough to join several pieces equal to the basic prototype element that has a width of 0.4066 m which allows to make a wall of several pieces of 0.4066 m wide joined together, making walls with measures always multiples of 0.4066 m and since it is a element wrapped by all its Jados with welded mesh when joining a panel with another one has a welded steel mesh perpendicular to the face of the qμe panel. it will be covered later with mortar, which will join with the other panel, thus generating a wall that has welded mesh perpendicular to the face of the wall, every 0.4066 m. In addition, the wall that results from assembling several prototype pieces of 0.4066 m, will always be a multiple measure of 0.4066 m, and that the polystyrene core that serves as filler never has a fixed position with respect to the mesh that surrounds it , since it surrounds it and wraps around all its sides, later forcing, at the time of applying the mortar or concrete to add separators that guarantee a coating according to the technical construction standards. In addition, there is a condition that to make a slab or wall of larger dimensions, several equal pieces must be assembled and joined together; this implies that always at a distance of 0.4066 m there will be two welded mesh faces perpendicular to the face of the mesh that will be subsequently covered with mortar, which must be joined to form a wall, thus defining a wall containing at every 0.4066m an electro-welded mesh attached to another of the adjacent panel, joining meshes that are perpendicular to the faces of the panel that form the wall. Such is the case of a wall of a closet, whose measure, in a house is usually 0.75 m, if the panels of patent WO 03/093599 Al are used, it is necessary to join two pieces of 0.4066 m on both sides in their edges which results in a piece of 0.8132 m, which will subsequently force it to be cut to the desired size and its assembly of electroplated steel will not be uniformly the same throughout the development of the wall since at each distance of 0.4066 meters there is the union of two meshes, which form the face of the edges of the two pieces that have joined. The same case arises if you want to make a wall for a bedroom whose minimum size for a habitable piece is 2.75 m; In this case, it is necessary to join 7 panels of 0.4066 m which results in a wall of 2.8462 m which is necessary to trim later to adjust to the desired size of the wall making the assembly in the entire development of the wall non-homogeneous. Because this patent refers to a panel of 0.4066m wide sections, there is therefore the limitation that with this patent only larger elements that are multiples of 0.4066 can be manufactured and in addition there will be a murq that at every 0.4066 m will have the union of two panels by its edges, joining the welded mesh of each of them, thus generating a wall that has two welded meshes independent of each other (one for each 0.4066 m panel) perpendicular to the face from the wall, every 0.4066 m. As regards the MODIFIED STRUCTURAL THERMAL PANEL Slab cited in WO 03/093599 Al, it can be seen that said slab is part of a basic unit of 2.44 mx 0.406 mx 10 cm (8 ft x 1.33 ft x 4 inches, the which defines its owner in said description as "... structural nodules formed by trapezoidal beam-shaped elements of dimensions: 40 cm wide and up to 8.88 m long." The owner of this patent cites "he designed for his system of slabs a prototype element of 2.44 mx 0.406mx 10 cm in the form of a beam "and as described: "... is manufactured based on a 5.08 x 5.08 cm (2 x 2 inch) multimalla of galvanized steel wire ... that surrounds the polystyrene core ...".

It also follows that the mesh only surrounds and wraps the polystyrene core without keeping it in a certain fixed position allowing it to have the possibility of displacement since it does not have an element for its fixation, which subsequently forces it to place dividers between electro-welded mesh and polystyrene core. To ensure that the mortar or concrete coating required by the general technical construction standards is allowed. Likewise, of the description made by the owner of the patent referred to in document WO

03/093599 Al, it is mentioned that to build UNFT slab is necessary to place "one piece after another" as well, attach "... two corrugated steel rods 0.9525 cm (3/8 inch) or 1.27 cm ⁽¹ An inch) ... arranged at the lower ends of the trapezoidal section ... "and a corrugated steel rod 5/16 inch in diameter, placed in the top hangover. "Due to the fact that" one piece after another is placed ", this forces to have only slabs of multiple sizes of 0.406 m, preventing, on the one hand that slabs can be formed to measures different from their multiples without having to make cuts and generate leftovers and wastes, in addition to additionally requiring a greater quantity of materials such as the 3/8 inch and ¹ A inch rods as well as tools and labor, and for ¹ other, to have an element that is not uniform in the distribution of the steel of the welded mesh, product of its multiple joints and cuts, during the entire development of the panel, which makes the distribution of the steel and insulating filler heterogeneous In the description of the components of the walls and slabs in As for its manufacture, it is concluded that the elements known as columns and beams are not part of the patented element since the inventor quotes them textually to replace them and later describes that the resulting STRUCTURAL THERMAL PANEL WALL is ideal for the combination of structural elements such as columns, castles, dalas and enclosures ... "; it follows that said beam and column elements are not part of the invention referred to in WO 03/093599 Al, since the inventor refers to said beams and columns only as a reference for fixing them in different structures, as You can see in its description of the elements for the manufacture of its walls while in the description of THERMAL PANEL Slab MODIFIED STRUCTURAL, when citing the components of sμ manufacturing does not mention them as integral elements of the patented panel, which confirms in the claims by pointing out that the patented element is a plurality of rectangular columns formed by a steel wire mesh that surrounds the soul give polystyrene, section 0.305 and 0.4066 m wide by 0.10 m, 0.15m, 0.20 m and 0.25 m of variable thickness. Likewise, it can be seen how the drawings mostly refer to a predetermined section panel (single 0.4066m; double 0.8132 m; triple 1.22 m); and that to make a wall or a slab of larger dimensions, these pieces are joined together, but none includes the beams and columns as an integral part thereof. In addition, In the description, claims and drawings referring to WO 03/093599 Al, columns and beams are never indicated as an integral component of the wall or slab but as an alternate fastening system to which they can be join these panels. See in this document drawings and description of the manufacturing based on its components where the beams and columns are never indicated as an integral part of said panel but only refers to them as options that your panel has to place, for example, on structure metallic, or on a foundation (figure 10). So much so, that according to these descriptions it follows that if the panel patented and described in WO 03/093599 Al, included within itself as an integral part thereof to the columns and beams, they should appear as part of the patented panel in the description of the components for its manufacture as well as in the drawings, regardless of whether these panels are to be placed on a metal structure or on concrete columns and beams, which do not appear to be part of the patented panel in any case and , I reiterate, when beams and columns appear in the drawings as is the case of Figures 4 and 5, it is only to explain how the patented panel will be placed on these elements, without being part of the patented panel since if so, the drawings of the panels should include, independently of the structure to which they will be attached, the columns and beams that of course does not contain the granted patent that indicates WO 03/093599 Al. Such a case can be seen in the assembly of the panel on the metal structure Figure 7, which does not contain the beams and columns of reinforced concrete. Therefore, the patented element referred to in WO 03/093599 Al, does not include or integrate within itself the beams and columns as it only serves as a reference to a basic unit consisting of a piece of polystyrene which has been wrapped on all sides by an electro-welded mesh, which does not have an integrated separator that guarantees that the minimum concrete or mortar coating required by the technical construction standards is applied, panel that it is not designed to the exact extent of the required element in any construction project, which requires making cuts after the union of several panels to adjust them to the required size, also generating waste and leftovers, which forces to join different panels between Yes, and it requires more time, materials, tools and labor for its assembly. As can be seen, in that description of the aforementioned patent, it refers to "a single mesh" which envelops the polystyrene core by "all" its sides, without fixing it and without keeping the amia in a fixed and immovable position. While in the present application, it refers to "two meshes", independent of each other, which do not involve polystyrene on all sides but are joined by a cross, an element that will be welded to both meshes. join them, after placing the polystyrene insulating filler parallel to the welded mesh. Also, this cross-shaped element will serve as a stop to fix the pyrestyrene in its final position, preventing its movement and displacement and then being able to ensure that the mortar or concrete coating is applied as required by the technical construction standards in the allowed space for which the cross has been designed that joins the two welded meshes and that has passed the insulating and lightening padding. The present application refers to a uniform wall containing exclusively welded steel mesh only on its two faces to be covered with concrete, since this application proposes a wall that has only the welded mesh uniformly run and only on its faces where apply the mortar coating, without having perpendicular mesh to said faces every 0.4066 m as a result of the aforementioned patent and without having to join several pieces by their edges or edges to form a wall. It is so; The proposal of the applicant proposes a wall or slab built exactly to the extent of the required element without having to make joints of several panels, or cuttings or generate surpluses or waste when making a construction.

This proposal of the present application, refers to a wall or slab CQn welded mesh whose characteristic is that it is homogeneous, run, to the exact extent that requires the project, without interruptions or unions in the entire development of the wall or slab and without welded mesh in its edges, For this reason, the applicant thought of designing a structural element that did not have the need to require cuts to make walls or slabs to a desired extent without depending on the multiples of 0.4066 m, or generating leftovers or waste, or having an element that had welded mesh placed perpendicular to the main face of the wall or slab during its development, to dispense with so many joints of several pieces, which implies divergence of quality in each mooring, additional material, labor costs and mainly, possibility of structural behavior different from the wall or slab, being constituted as a product of the assembly of several pieces with each other. In addition, the applicant proposes to have a connector that does not currently exist in the market, that joins the two parallel meshes that constitute the wall or the slab and that fulfills, above all, the function of holding the insulating and lightening filler preventing its displacement at the time of applying the mortar to the wall or Iq. slab and separating the mesh from the lightening insulating filler of polystyrene, with the least number of welding points.

In this regard, the present application considered the creation of an element for walls and slabs that will be constructed at the exact wave of the required wall or slab, that did not have so many additional accessory elements, that did not require additional rods to join a panel With another nor of reinforcements of contraventeo, and that was different from the existing ones, to design a quC connector turns out to be a novelty, that joins the two parallel meshes and separates the lightening insulator with a connector that only uses three welding points to guarantee securing and separating the insulating padding of the meshes, which reduces material, time and labor, as well as in designing a panel for walls and slabs that allow reducing the costs of joining several pieces together to form a slab or a wall to the exact extent, and also eliminating the risk of having heterogeneous unions as a result of having the obligation to make as many joints as is done with the other panels, of not having to join each piece of small panel on both sides to form a wall or slab and, above all, to propose an element that works structurally in an ideal way, that does not generate cuts or leftovers or waste, which so far cannot be achieved with existing patents, since the elements proposed in the present application, for walls and slabs have been designed to be constructed to the exact extent of the required element, without generating cuts, leftovers or waste, providing a uniform distribution of electro-welded mesh throughout the development of the panel and guaranteeing by means of a cross-shaped connector, formed by the welding union of two sections of rod perpendicularly, the fastening and fixing of the insulating and lightening filler and not involve more materials and subsequent joints, separators and labor to ensure the separation that must exist between the electrowelded mesh and the insulating filler to allow the panel to be coated with the minimum mortar or concrete thickness recommended by the standards construction techniques Regarding the patent JP8134927 A (KAJIMA CORP), it can be said that it is a panel that joins two meshes by means of a metallic element that penetrates the insulating filler and crosses it diagonally. This element has the particularity of joining its wire meshes diagonally, which generates four welding points, two for each diagonal rod, and does not count as part of the same component of elements, of the beams and the columns within it.

As regards the present application, the applicant designed an element to be used predominantly in walls and slabs, which was constructed to the exact extent of the element required to make a wall or a slab in a construction project and thus be able to build any type of building in which the proposed panels for walls and slabs are adapted, that did not resemble any other existing product in the market.

As far as patent FR 2545126 Al is concerned, it can be said that this panel joins the two meshes by means of concrete cylinders in whose center there is a hook for securing both meshes that unlike in the present application no concrete element crosses the filling polystyrene insulator to join the two meshes but this union is made through a cross formed by two perpendicular sections of previously welded rod, which are welded to each welded mesh by only two welding points, one for each mesh, making it different from the technologies known so far and favoring that with this cross on the one hand the two meshes are joined and on the other, the definitive position of the polystyrene insulating filler is fixed, preventing its displacement to guarantee the separation between the meshes and the insulating filler , space that will be occupied by the mortar or concrete when applied on the surface of the panel. As regards the cross-shaped connector that is proposed -When the present application as a component of the integral panel for walls and slabs can be said that it does not exist in any panel of those existing in the market. It can also be said that the product to which it refers. FR 2545126 Al, does not monolithically integrate the beams and the definitive columns that a structure must bear to withstand the structural conditions to which it will be exposed,

As regards US Patent 5119606Í A, it can be said that it refers to a Wall which is prefabricated and pre-cast, which contains various elements such as columns and beams within the element forming several boards within the same panel, likewise, contains within itself, screws, steel angles that support and fix the panel to the rest of the building structure, steel profiles in section "C" channel type which contain and fix the insulating and lightening padding, threaded connectors, nuts with thread and a concrete casting on a horizontal form called bed, which allows to obtain a surface already finished in the concrete panel and for which the use of products that prevent the adhesion of concrete to the formwork that serves as a bed is required, and applying mechanical vibrator to ensure a regular and well distributed and uniform surface free of irregularities concrete, to place later in a _^ second stage assembly of the previously assembled panel in order to insert it on the first layer of underlying concrete, and, after placing its corresponding accessories, place a second concrete layer 4e, vibrating it mechanically to achieve its uniform distribution and subsequent curing. The unzipping and storage will be done with the connectors previously installed for lifting. In general, it can be said what is a pre-cast element, which does not have welded mesh on its faces where the concrete will be applied, pre-cast element that has threaded connectors and anchored elements for lifting, as well as connectors to embed this pre-cast panel to the structure that said panel will receive. In general, it can be said that this panel is an element different from that proposed in the present application since this is not a pre-cast element, np has threaded or jacketed connectors, does not have steel channels for securing the insulating padding, does not have Moorings With nuts and washers while the panel proposed in the present application does have two parallel welded meshes, joined by a perpendicular cross-shaped connector, which joins the two meshes with only two welding points, one for each mesh, which they have been welded perpendicularly, cross-shaped connector that goes through perpehdiculaπnente the polystyrene insulating filler, piercing and piercing it from one side to the other, and whose horizontal arm of said cross-shaped connector serves as a support and support to fix and hold the polystyrene insulating filler in order to avoid its displacement, which guarantees that the mortar or concrete coating be carried out in accordance with the corresponding construction regulations.

It is intended, when designing this integral panel, in the present application, to have a panel for walls and slabs that has, among others, the following particularities: a) its 2 electro-welded meshes are joined by a cross that is perpendicular to them . b) The union of the two welded meshes is done only with two welding points ^ when welding each end of the cross that is its connector, to said parallel meshes. c) this cross has two perpendicular arms, one of which serves as a stop to the insulating and lightening polystyrene filler and on which said insulator rests to ensure that it does not move from its final position to which it should remain and allowing the mesh does not join the insulator generating a separation between them, to ensure compliance with the coating provided by the technical construction standards. d) There is a wall or slab that will have the exact measure to make any building project where the panels are adapted, without generating unions of several pieces to each other to make the desired wall or slab or generate leftovers and waste. e) Also, optionally, have an element for walls and slabs that integrate as part of it, the elements known as beams and columns.

.i) Have a lightening filler made of expanded polystyrene, extracted or similar, thermal and acoustic insulating, with fire retardant additives. g) Have a panel for walls and slabs that may have the possibility of having one of its parallel meshes greater than the other so that this difference in size between the two meshes serves as a flown or "cantilever" to naturally support the panel for walls and / or slabs, to the support and anchoring elements, how can they be other fasteners such as columns, beams, walls, foundations, etc.

The work efficiency of the INTEGRAL PANEL of the present application is that, as has already been said, it contains the basic elements of a structure, which work structurally in a monolithic way with each other, together with its connectors, separators, joining meshes, insulating and lightening polystyrene fillers, ties and connections, which are already integrated in one piece within the INTEGRAL PANEL, a system that does not require any other additional element to perform its structural function within the construction process and it will only be enough to anchor and tie this INTEGRAL PANEL to the base that will support or support the structure regardless of whether it is a building of one or several levels, which so far can not be achieved with the panels existing conventional. The design and materials of the INTEGRAL PANEL, as well as its distribution, placement, quantity, exact size, conjugation, arrangement, assembly and combination of the different elements that form it, constitute, in part, the novelty of said INTEGRAL PANEL to build walls and slabs . This invention provides to the construction industry, a PANEL that is INTEGHAL, to build walls and slabs, in one piece and totally different from those that currently exist, designed to the exact extent of the required element, does not require cuts or joints of several panels with each other, thanks to a novel internal construction, whose main characteristic is that, integrates, in a single element and in a single measure of the wall or slab, and in a homogeneous way, all the required structural components. The general specifications of the elements that make up the INTEGRAL PANEL are:

- INTEGRAL PANEL manufactured to the exact wall of the wall and / or slab required and whose thickness or width shall not be less than two inches.

-Electric welded mesh for the panels on their boards, cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required, as well as the mesh between them, will be of normal steel for construction or galvanized, with rods or wires of diameters from 2mm or larger, with a minimum spacing of 1 inch or greater rods as structural calculation allows and with the minimum strength determined by regulatory standards.

-Insulating and lightening filler: it may be of expanded, exempted, polyurethane or similar polystyrene, with a minimum density required by the relative construction regulations, to guarantee thermal and acoustic insulation. It will be the exact size of the wall or slab required and its thickness may be variable, with a minimum width of 2 inches. It will be placed in the middle of the two meshes as a sandwich, Its distance at two meshes it shall not be less than ³ A of an inch.

-Connector in the form of a cross to join at its ends, by welding, the two parallel welded meshes: it will be of rods with a minimum diameter of 2 mm and with the resistance required by the corresponding construction regulations. The length of this cross-shaped connector will be equal to the width of the INTEGRAL PANEL required for the corresponding slab or wall. This connector will pass the polystyrene insulator from one side to the other to fix it between the two meshes and hold it in its final position. -Pre-assembled columns and beams: they will be made of structural steel with rods with a diameter of 3mm and / or minimum strength and diameter required by the corresponding construction regulations. They can be welded or tied perimeter in the panel.

- Columns and metal beams: they can be of metal plate of 5 / J6 inch of minimum thickness, in sections type C, I, TJ ₉ square, rectangular or circular.

- Weld joints: may be by arc welding that incorporates molten material for joining, this union can be replaced by an approved alternative method that structurally guarantees the required strength of the elements to be joined.

- Electro-welded joints: they can be unions generated by high voltage electrical discharge to melt both materials and generate their union.

- Joints: they can be with annealed wire for construction or galvanized, or by industrially used staple joints, or by arc welding incorporating molten material that joins them, or by electrosoldering between the elements to be joined or by alternative method that guarantees the strength of its union as long as it complies with the provisions and corresponding technical regulations.

T Separation between electro-welded meshes for walls or slabs and their insulating and lightening filler: the separation of the electro-welded mesh and the insulating and lightening polystyrene filler may be at least ³ A inch, in order to comply with the technical regulations relating to concrete coatings, or the one that finally determines the corresponding building codes.

- Mortars and concrete to be used for the coating: it will be at least the one specified by the corresponding general technical construction standards related to this type of elements and depending on the structural function that must be fulfilled. integral panels

~ Mesh based on welded mesh, to join the panels together or to join them to another pre-existing structure: They may be of the same quality as the welded mesh of the corresponding INTEGRAL PANEL. Its length will be the same as the elements to be joined and will have at least one measure of 40 cm on each side. These joint meshes should be placed on both sides of the panels to be joined (internally and externally). PETAL DESCRIPTION] SIDE OF THE INVENTION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs.

With reference to these figures, the invention of the INTEGRAL PANEL (# 1) for wall and slabs applicable to any construction project that requires walls or slabs in which said panels are adapted, has the following manufacturing and assembly process: with the following basic elements: a) two electroplated meshes (# 8) covered to the exact size of the desired wall or slab; b) two sections of rod (# 4) cut to the exact extent of the width required by the panel to be manufactured; c) a cross-shaped connector (# 5) formed by the perpendicular junction of the two rod sections (# 4), joined by welding, by the center of the rod that constitutes the horizontal arm of the cross and at a minimum distance 3/4 inch from the end of the other rod that constitutes the vertical arm of the cross; d) a polystyrene plate (# 6) cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required and with the desired thickness or width.

This INTEGRAL PANEL is formed on the outside, by the combination of two welded meshes, (# 8) parallel to each other _» cut in pairs * to the exact size of the wall or slab required in the project to be built, to one of which ( # 27) and (# 28) a cross-shaped connector (# 5) has been welded perpendicularly at each of the intersections of their respective horizontal and vertical rods, or at any other desired point, with an insulating filler and lightening (# 6) in the center, a sandwich sandwich, which has been previously cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required and that has been inserted into said cross-shaped connectors (# 5), allowing them to cross from one side to the other the polystyrene (# 6) thus obtaining an element (# 29) and (# 30) called "partially manufactured panel" formed by the joining the first mesh (# 8) the cross-shaped connecting elements (# 5) and the polystyrene filler (# 6) in the center. Next, the second electro-welded mesh (# 8) will be placed parallel to the first mesh (# 8) of the partially manufactured panel "(# 29) and (# 30) by placing this second mesh (# 8) on the end of the cross-shaped connection (# 5) protruding from the polystyrene (# 6) to which it has been transferred, to join them by welding, resulting in the INTEGRAL PANEL (# 14) required to the exact measurement of the designed element. the welded meshes (# 8) when connecting in the form of a cross (# 5) must verify that a gap is left between it (# 5) and both meshes (# 8) at least ³ A of an inch as this will ensure that there is a minimum space for the final coating of the concrete, as required by the corresponding technical standards related to reinforced concrete.All these conjugated elements must be joined together, through their joining elements, lps which can be annealed or galvanized wire (# 31) or by welding hard (# 32) or by some other authorized alternative method.

It should be taken into consideration, that the INTEGRAL PANEL (# Í4) for walls and slabs, manufactured to the exact extent of the required element, will have the preferred method of opting for the inclusion or not of the structural reinforcement elements known as beams and columns (# 3) for which it will be enough to add these elements by attaching them to the INTEGRAL PANEL (# 14) with their proper connections or ties, or bypassing them, it is sufficient not to attach them to the INTEGRAL PANEL (# 14). Likewise, another important consideration of this preferred modality is that said INTEGRAL PANEL (# 21) can be manufactured with two electro-welded meshes of different sizes (# 22) in order to opt for an INTEGRAL PANEL (# 21) in which one of its electrowelded meshes (# 22 B) exceed in dimensions the other welded mesh (# 22 A) being that this smaller mesh is the one that has been cut to the exact size of the desired wall or lpsa together with the polystyrene (# 6) that It will serve as an insulating filling to form the sandwich. The difference in the size of these two welded meshes (# 22) will result in a cantilever or "cantilever" of the larger mesh (# 22 B) with respect to the smaller mesh (# 22 A), which will allow to support said INTEGRAL PANEL freely (# 21). to the structural elements of support and support previously made such as beams and / or 47- columns (# 3, # 13). To build this INTEGRAL PANEL with cantilever or "cantilever" two electrowelded meshes "A" and "B" must be cut. The first (A) must be cut to the exact extent required by the wall or slab needed in the corresponding construction project and must also have the same measure of the polystyrene with which the sandwich will form, while the second (B) will be greater than the first (A) just because it will exceed it in larger dimensions to form with that difference in sizes,

flown or "cantilever" that this second mesh must have (B), flown that will be perimetral to the INTEGRAL PANEL (# 21) and that will constitute the natural support of the panel to the rest of the structure of the projected construction. This cantilever of one of the two meshes will be determined in its magnitude and may have the length or width of the support, the beam or column with which it will be in contact for its provisional support. To form the panel with these two electrowelded meshes, the rest of the elements that compose it will have to be joined, similar to how the manufacturing of the panel for murps and slabs without cantilever or "cantilever" is described as they are:

- the perpendicular connectors (crosses), which join the two parallel meshes and which are also polystyrene separators.

- Polystyrene that has been cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required. - beams and columns if required, to be placed circumferentially on the lower mesh (A) to Ia exact extent required by the corresponding wall or slab.

- The connections that must be made between all the elements that make up the panel for walls and slabs, must be made by means of moorings with annealed wire for construction, or with galvanized steel, or by arc welding incorporating a molten material that joins them, or by electrowelded joint, or by another alternative joint system that meets said requirement, taking into account that all the elements must be joined and combined in a way that is previously described in the case of panels without overhang or "cantilever", f) once the panels for walls and ceilings have been manufactured to the exact extent required by a particular construction project, they will be placed on the rest of the structure that will support them, and assembled according to what require the project, for which it is necessary to use the welded mesh based elements such as the welded mesh ( # 24), (# 25), (# 26) placing these joints, the one that corresponds, depending on the elements that are required to join according to their angle of intersection, taking the proper precautions of placing two welded mesh meshes (on both sides of the walls and / or slabs of INTEGRAL PANEL), is that is, placing said meshes internally and externally.

So far, the best known method for executing the invention is described. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The characteristic details of this novel INTEGRAL PANEL for walls and slabs, to be used in the construction industry, are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying drawings, as well as an illustration of said panel and following the same signs of reference to indicate the parts and figures shown of the elements that constitute it as an invention. Figure 1 is an isometric view of the INTEGRAL PANEL, as a Preferred modality that has the option of including columns and beams already assembled, with all the parts that compose it and manufactured to the exact size of the wall or slab required in a project of ςonstruccióή and ready to be embedded in the element that Ip will hold. The size will be to the exact extent required by the project and its width may vary from a minimum of 2 inches to larger widths as required by the respective project. All the walls and slabs required in a construction project will consist of the same characteristics of this prototype PANEL and will be equal to each other, making only the difference between them, that each element will be of different size, as determined by the measure that each wall or slab requires for said construction project as well as the width of each element, which may vary depending on whether it is a structural wall or load slab, or only a filler or partition element without structural function.

Figure 2 is a roll of electro-welded mesh, which can be galvanized or of normal steel for construction. Figure 3 is an electro-welded pre-perforated beam or column, cut to the exact extent required by the wall or slab required, being able to place it, if required by the project to be built, as many times as required in the building project or as Structural design demands it. Figure 4 is a pair of construction rod sections that will serve to form a cross, by means of a welding point at the intersection of said rods, as shown in the corresponding drawing, cut to size as required by the PANEL for wall or slab, in order to guarantee the three functions that said cross will perform, that is , how to connect the two electrowelded meshes, as a separator and as a fastener of the polystyrene insulating filler.

Figure 5 is a cross, formed by the perpendicular junction, by welding, of the two sections that constitute Figure 4. This cross will be formed by the perpendicular junction of its two arms, welding the center of the horizontal arm at a minimum distance of % inch of the end of the vertical arm, as shown in the corresponding figure. Special care should be taken to form said cross so that it functions as a connector of the two welded meshes that are parallel to each other, welding it perpendicularly to said meshes at each end of the cross as shown in the drawing, either at the point of intersection of the horizontal and vertical rods of the electrowelded meshes, or at any other desired point, with the condition that said connector joins the two parallel meshes and allows a separation between the welded meshes and the insulating and lightening filler of expanded or extracted polystyrene, at least ³ Λ of an inch, so that this cross holds the polystyrene firmly preventing its movement and subsequently guarantees the minimum inertero or concrete coating that will be applied to said PANEL in accordance with the corresponding construction standards.

Figure 6 is the insulating and lightening filler for it INTEGRAL PANEL, which can be of> expanded polystyrene, extracted polystyrene, polyurethane or other insulating and similar lightening but in any case with fire retardant additive included, and without recycled material lacking said fire retardant additive, cut to the exact size of the desired wall or slab in a construction project and with a width that will vary from 2 inches and may be larger if a wider panel is required depending on the structural function that Go play. This polystyrene element will be placed at the center of the two sandwich welded meshes as described in the corresponding drawing, and must be transferred from one side to the other by the cross-shaped connector that has been welded to the welded meshes and as described in the corresponding drawings, trying to fix its position so that it is separated from both welded meshes, at a distance minimum of ³ A of an inch or at a distance determined by the corresponding norm of the respective construction regulations, to guarantee minimum concrete coatings. This insulating and lightening polystyrene filler can be of variable thickness to adapt to the required measures of the panel, and it will be placed on the first welded mesh to which the connecting elements have been welded perpendicularly in the form of Cruz, taking care that said insulating and lightening, it is transferred from one side to another, by the cross-shaped connector, and then place the other welded mesh and weld it to the cross-shaped connector that protrudes from the polystyrene, taking care that this second mesh is separated from the polystyrene at a minimum distance of ³ A of an inch, or to the extent required to ensure that the corresponding technical standard of the required concrete coating is met. Figure 7 as a preferred embodiment is a section of electro-welded mesh, galvanized or not, to which Figures 5 and 3 have been left, which has been cut to the exact required size of the wall or slab desired for the projected construction and placed in addition to as illustrated, as many times as required by the structural element, being able, if the project so requires, to place more of said accessories. In this case, the joining of the beams and columns can be done by placing said elements perimetrically to the welded mesh welded or tied to said mesh, and the cross-shaped connectors will be placed, welding or fastening said elements to the rods of the electrowelded mesh, either at the point where the horizontal and vertical rods of the mesh intersect or at any point of such rods. On this figure the polystyrene cut to the exact size of the required wall or slab will be inserted later, with the required width allowing the crosses to transfer it from one side to the other, to subsequently place the other welded mesh, which will be welded or tied to the other end of the cross projecting and making sure that there is a minimum separation of ³ a inch between the two parallel meshes and polystyrene serving insulative filler and a lightening of as pointed respective corresponding drawings and as required by regulations local construction

Figure 8 is a section of electro-welded mesh for construction, and can be galvanized if desired, cut in pairs and to the exact extent of the desired roof or roof. These two meshes will be the ones that will incorporate in its center as a sandwich, to the insulating and lightening polystyrene filler as shown in the corresponding figures.

Figure 9 is a top plan view of the INTEGRAL PANEL for walls or slabs, including beams and columns embedded in the perimeter of the same panel. This panel, together with all the walls and slabs already finished and manufactured to the exact required extent, will be ready for placement on the structure that will support them, being able to proceed subsequently to the union of said panels with their respective steel mesh joints that, the corresponding drawings are described and complemented below.

Figure 10 is an elevation view or side view of the INTEGRAL PANEL for walls or slabs, attached or recessed to beams, and columns, which has been manufactured to the exact size of the wall or slab of the dismantled project. This panel, together with all the walls and the ^ s already finished and manufactured to the exact required size, will be ready for placement on the structure that will support them, being able to proceed subsequently to the union of said panels with their corresponding electro-expanded mesh joints that later they are described and complemented with the corresponding drawings.

Figure 11 is a bottom plan view of the INTEGRAL PANEL which has the exact measure of the wall or slab required to which beams and columns have been attached or embedded perimeter. This panel, together with all the walls and slabs already finished and manufactured to the exact required size, will be ready for placement on the structure that will support them, being able to proceed subsequently to the anointing of said panels with their corresponding electro-welded meshes (mesh mesh) that later they are described and complemented with the corresponding drawings. Figure 12 is a welded electro-welded beam, which can be galvanized or not, and cut to the exact extent required by the integral panel, placed as many times as required by the slab or wall required in the construction of a project, and with rods. whose diameter may be up to 1 inch in diameter, and if so requires Ip the project, increase the number of structurally required rods and adapt the section of the element to the measures determined by the structural calculation of the project in question.

Figure 13 are columns and / or metal beams, of square, circular, rectangular section, type "C", type "U", type "1 ' ¹ Or similar, cut to the exact extent that require the desired wall or slab for the required construction project. Figure 14 is the wall or slab, reason for the present request manufactured to the exact extent of the required element, to be embedded in the columns and beams that will support and support it and to which it will be anchored. This panel, together with all the walls and slabs already manufactured to the exact required size, will be ready to be placed on the structure that will support them, and can then make the union of said panels with their respective mesh joints described below and complement With the respective drawings. 0 Figure 15 is a section of welded mesh mesh that can be galvanized or normal non-galvanized for construction, with diameter and separation rods as required by the structural calculation, bent at an angle of 90 degrees that will serve to join two intersecting walls at a point or vertex of a construction or to join a vertical wall with a horizontal slab throughout its development. This mesh will be placed by 5 both ladps of the required joint, internally and externally. The angle of its fold can also vary according to the resulting angle formed by the elements to be joined and sμ length scam determined by the size of the elements to be joined; its minimum width will be 40 cm. Figure 16 is the union of two panels, a vertical wall with an inclined slab Q by means of a welded joint, galvanized or not, previously bent and cut to the extent required by the elements to be joined throughout its development. This union will be made on both sides of said elements, that is, internally and externally and the mesh will have the fold with the angle that the elements finally have to join; its length will be equal to the length of the development of the elements to be joined and 5 will have a minimum width of 40 cm per side.

Figure 17 is the union with electro-welded mesh, (galvanized mesh) or not, of a vertical wall with a horizontal slab, both of integral panel cut to a measure equal to the dimension of the elements to be joined, joint that must be made on both sides, that is, internally and externally throughout the development of the elements to be joined. Its length will be equal to the length of the development of the elements to be joined and will have a minimum width of 40 cm per side.

Figure 18 is the union of an integral panel wall with its foundation ;, by means of two electrowelded meshes (mesh mesh) previously bent at an angle of 90 degrees, or with the angle required by said joint, and cut along the length of the wall in question. This union will be made on both sides of said elements to be joined, that is, internally and externally. Its length will be equal to the length of the development of the elements to be joined and will have a minimum width of 40 cm per side.

Figure 19, motive of the present application, represents a panel for walls or slabs attached to pre-existing columns and / or beams in a previously made structure; it represents only the panel to the exact measure for the wall or the slab, together with the corresponding welded joint mesh, to the connecting elements of columns and / or beams previously existing in a structure; Its length will be equal to the length of the development of the elements to be joined and will have a width, minimum of 40 cm per side and said union must be made on both sides, internally and externally as shown in the corresponding drawings. Figure 20 is a section of electro-welded mesh, (joint mesh) to join an INTEGRAL PANEL for walls and / or slabs, with another, when required and when it is intended to build walls or corrugated slabs, larger than the maximum dimensions that provide cargo transport systems in view of the need to build a run panel of measures greater than the capacity of said cargo transports. Said welded mesh joint will be cut to the exact extent required by the elements to be joined throughout its development, and will function as an overlap of two or more elements, according to the standard established by the technical codes applicable to the case. This union will be made on both sides of the elements to be joined. It will have a minimum width of 40 cm per side. Figure 21 represents the INTEGRAL PANEL for walls and / or slabs, as a device with preferred mode, when it is preferred to construct said element with one of its two welded meshes larger than the other and also larger than the polystyrene filling, in order to that said panel has one of its meshes, with cantilever-shaped ruffles to be used as a natural support, provisionally, without any connecting connector, to the structure that will support it and to which it must be anchored, to later proceed to carry out the definitive union of said INTEGRAL PANEL to the structure that will support or support it and to which it will be united monolithically. To manufacture this INTEGRAL PANEL, the normal procedure indicated above similar to the manufacture of a panel without cantilever overhangs must be followed, only in this case, two welded meshes must be cut to sizes different, that is to say, a mesh, the smaller one, together with the insulating and lightening polystyrene filling, will be cut to the exact extent required by the wall or slab needed, while the larger mesh will be cut by adding them to the measures of the smaller mesh, the desired measure exceeded that is required so that this overflow or measure exceeded with respect to the smaller mesh, constitutes the provisional support that will allow the INTEGRAL PANEL designed thus, to support it freely, without any element of provisional attachment to the structure that will support it. This also allows for the option of first making the structure of the building and subsequently placing it freely supported in a provisional way, the INTEGRAL PANELS for walls and slabs of said building, so that, once the stage of placement of all of these is completed, under In the form of the INTEGRAL PANEL, all of them are definitively joined to the structure of the building, to ensure that the entire structure, including the walls and slabs manufactured with INTEGRAL PANEL, is joined monolithically.

Figure 22 represents two electrowelded meshes "a" and "b" to construct the INTEGRAL PANEL with the preferred mode of having a cantilever cantilever mesh. This cantilever will allow freely supporting the wall or slab manufactured on a previously made support which can be beams or columns, which will allow to assemble or assemble first all the walls and slabs of the projected construction, as well as its columns and beams to proceed finally to make the union of all the elements with each other.

Figure 23 represents an INTEGRAL PANEL with one of its two electrowelded meshes in cantilever or cantilever * 'supported on pre-assembled or metal beams or columns.

Figure 24 represents a welded joint mesh of length equal to the dimension required by the desired joint, folded at 90 degrees, which will join the intersection of walls and / or slabs to each other, intersecting at 90 degrees and will have a minimum width of 40 cm per side. It will be placed on both sides of the elements to be joined. Figure 25 represents an electro-welded joint mesh, of length equal to the dimension required by the desired joint, with a bend other than 90 degrees, which will serve to join intersection of walls and / or slabs together, intersecting at a different angle 90 degrees and may have a minimum width of 40 cnl per side. Figure 26 represents two joining meshes folded at 90 degrees, of length equal to the length of the elements to be joined, for connection of walls with foundation beams or with other elements that require it, and may have minimum measures of 40 cm high 30 cm wide and a development equal to the length of the elements to be joined.

Figure 27 represents one of the electro-welded meshes, cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required, to which the cross-shaped connectors have been welded perpendicularly (this cross has been formed by the joint by welding of the two sections of rod indicated in figure 4). Figure 28 represents Figure 27 in a side or elevation view.

Figure 29 represents the "partially manufactured panel" formed by Figure 27 to which the insulating polystyrene filler has been inserted which has also been cut to the exact size of the wall or slab required. Figure 30 represents the "partially manufactured panel" in a side or elevation view. Figure 31 represents the wire (annealed or galvanized) to tie together construction elements. Figure 32 represents the weld that will be applied to join the elements together.

POSSIBILITIES OF USE OR APPLICATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs

In this way, it is, then, how an INTEGRAL PANEL can be achieved to be applied in construction, or in building projects, whose characteristics and applications are the following: a) The set of elements described that form the INTEGRAL PANEL constitute themselves, in one piece and to the exact measure of all its walls and slabs, most of the parts that require an integral structural element formed by walls _* slabs, columns and beams and that can be used for the construction of walls and ceilings in any building in which said INTEGRAL PANELS are adapted. b) The versatility of the INTEGRAL PANEL construction system for walls and slabs makes it possible to manufacture said panels to the exact extent required in any project, eliminating waste and leftovers, and reducing pollution and the cost of assembling various parts together to build a draft determined. In addition, the INTEGRAL PANEL can be manufactured with the requirements determined by the structural calculation, and the quantity, proportion and distribution of the steel required by the structural calculation can already be integrated into each structural element. c) The INTEGRAL PANEL makes it easier, cheaper and faster to install the electrical, hydraulic and sanitary installations, since these can be placed during the manufacturing process or during the assembly stage of the INTEGRAL PANEL to the main structure . d) For the assembly of the INTEGRAL PANEL, it is enough to place it on the previously made structure that will support it and anchor it and tie it to the connections that will receive it and that are traditionally used in construction. e) To assemble the INTEGRAL PANEL, these works can be carried out by hand, since only two unskilled workers are enough to place in the structure that will support them, each of the parts of the INTEGRAL PANEL that will form the wall or slab Since its weight is light (approx. 5 to 9 Kg / m2), only 2 workers can place each INTEGRAL PANEL to completely assemble the structure. f) Due to the characteristics of the INTEGRAL PANEL, in the assembly to carry out a certain project ;, the time required for its construction is considerably reduced, consequently reducing the financial costs, materials, time and labor, which benefit in a general economy of construction g) The INTEGRAL PANEL requires for its finishing a coating consisting of cement-sand-based mortar, which can be considered as a final finish eliminating the placement of plaster or other finishes, reducing the application of these additional finishes throughout the construction and construction. inherent cost of them. h) The final coating based fine aggregates (sand mortar-ςemento) placed on the INTEGRAL PANEL, provides barrier properties against moisture reducing Ia ₁ consequently costs waterproofing. i) Since the INTEGRAL PANEL has already included all the required structural elements in one piece according to the corresponding structural design, it is feasible to build a multi-level building, which until now cannot be done with conventional panels. j) The INTEGRAL PANEL can be used in self-construction projects, since if necessary, a qualified work inano is not required, k) THE INTEGRAL PANEL can benefit low-income families since it allows 1 _$ purchase of pieces separately and as long as they have the financial resources to acquire them until they complete their project.

1) THE INTEGRAL PANEL allows the versatility of being used to build fences, walls, ceilings, walls of cpntención, dead formwork, etc, and its destination are all kinds of buildings such as houses, buildings, departments, shops, auditoriums, offices, schools, churches, wineries, factories, cold rooms, and in general, all types of projects to be built and that require walls and slabs. m) The INTEGRAL PANEL allows to build-from an independent wall or slab, to a succession of walls or continuous slabs that can be considered constituted as a single piece and a single structural element in a project of, construction, n) THE INTEGRAL PANEL allows obtain a single monolithic and light element, which does not require lifting equipment, to build a wall or a ceiling, which already has integrated within itself, all the required structural and insulating elements, distributed homogeneously, without having to make partial joints of several elements to form said wall or ceiling, or) THE INTEGRAL PANEL allows an economy in any construction project because, until now, there is no panel for walls and slabs that have the characteristics presented in this application since no panel of those known today are manufactured to the exact size of the wall or slab required, nor do they have a cross-shaped connector and fastener that separates and joins the welded meshes by means of only two welding points and which guarantees the fastening of the polystyrene to ensure the required coating in accordance with the technical construction standards. There is also no panel on the market that has a cantilever-shaped mesh that allows it to freely support it provisionally on the structure while assembling the entire structure to proceed then, once all of them have been placed in their final position. the elements that make up the building, to tie and anchor them, making the joints of the structure to make it monolithic; This allows reducing the number of workers, construction time and building costs.

Claims

 CLAIMS.

Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider it as a novelty and therefore Claim as my exclusive property: 1.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, comprising a first welded mesh (8) formed by the intersection of vertical and horizontal rods ; a second welded mesh (8) having the same structural characteristics as the first mesh (8); both meshes (8) are arranged parallel to each other and are joined by a plurality of cross-shaped connectors (5), which are welded perpendicularly at their ends at each of the intersections of the vertical and horizontal rods of said meshes (8), defining an internal space between both meshes (8), which is filled with thermal and insulating material (6). ₍ .

2.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 1, further characterized in that the filling can be made of expanded polystyrene, exempt polystyrene, pdliurethane or other similar insulator, with fire retardant additive.

3.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 1, further characterized in that the filling must maintain a minimum separation distance of ³ A of an inch with respect to both welded meshes.

4.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs in accordance with clause 1, further characterized in that one of the welded meshes has larger dimensions than the other, where the ends of the larger mesh constitute supports that allow the panel to engage with a structure determined.

5.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 1, further characterized in that the plurality of cross-shaped connectors are welded in any part of the parallel meshes. _¡¡

6.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 1, further characterized in that the panel has the perimetral union of columns and pre-assembled beams.

7.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 6, further characterized in that the union of the columns and the beams with the panel is by welding or ties.

8.- INTEGRAL PANEL FOR WALLS AND Slabs, in accordance with clause 1, further characterized by an electro-welded mesh to join at least 2 integral panels to each other and allow the panel to join with other structural elements.