WO2009127172A1

WO2009127172A1 - Device for converting potential energy into rotational energy and vice versa

Info

Publication number: WO2009127172A1
Application number: PCT/DE2008/000646
Authority: WO
Inventors: Karl-Heinz Schicker
Original assignee: Karl-Heinz Schicker
Priority date: 2008-04-16
Filing date: 2008-04-16
Publication date: 2009-10-22
Also published as: DE112008003908A5

Abstract

A device (1) for converting potential energy into rotational energy and vice versa is described. The device (1) contains a rotational body (2) which is mounted in such a way that it can rotate about a rotational axis (3) and has a plurality of guides (4) which are arranged distributed over its circumference and in which in each case at least one mass element (5) is movably mounted. The guides (4) define tracks for the mass elements (5). The device (1) also has means (9, 10, 12) which bring about continuous displacement of the mass elements (5) in the guides (4) when the rotational body (2) rotates.

Description

Device for converting potential energy into rotational energy and vice versa

The invention relates to a device for converting potential energy into rotational energy and vice versa and for storing rotational energy.

Devices of this type are used, for example, in physics teaching to illustrate to the learner the conversion of potential energy into rotational energy, which is a particular form of kinetic energy, and vice versa. They consist in the simplest case of a pendulum, z. B. a suspended by means of a rope at a fixed point mass. If the mass piece is deflected out of its rest position and then released, it will vibrate under the influence of gravity. Here, potential energy is constantly being converted into kinetic energy and vice versa. If the mass piece is at a first point of maximum deflection, then it has a maximum of potential energy there. At the same time, its kinetic energy is zero. When swinging back, the potential energy is steadily converted into kinetic energy until it reaches its maximum as it passes through the rest position, while the potential energy is correspondingly reduced. After swinging through the rest position, the reverse transformation takes place. Now, the kinetic energy of the mass is steadily converted into potential energy until the mass reaches a second point of maximum displacement. At this point, the potential energy reaches a maximum again while the kinetic energy of the mass is zero.

However, there is no real rotation here. For this purpose, rather devices are needed that are designed in the manner of a flywheel, can also serve to store rotational energy and therefore are easily misunderstood as a permanent source of energy because the pendulum motion is missing. Here, a specifically applied imbalance could provide a remedy to illustrate the different types of energy analogous to the pendulum.

Devices of the type described are not always suitable for visual instruction suitable because they are easy to understand and thus do not stimulate a deeper mental engagement with the topic of energy conversion. Normal flywheels, on the other hand, are not very clear and only limitedly suitable as energy stores.

Based on this, the object of the present invention is to improve a device of the type described above so that it leads to a more complex understanding of energy conversion and - assuming smooth bearings - leads to a flywheel usable as a rotating body, in the constant transformations of potential Energy in kinetic energy (rotational energy) and vice versa take place.

To solve this problem serve the features of claim 1.

The device according to the invention has elements that initially complicate the understanding of the device, but deepen the understanding of the fundamental processes in the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa after an intensive intellectual engagement with it. In addition, the device shows the limits of permanent power generation.

Further advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention will be explained in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a detail of the invention along the line S-S in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of another embodiment of the Invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view, corresponding to FIG. 2, of a detail of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4; FIG. and

6 and 7 each show a front view and a side view of a limiting means of the detail shown in Fig. 5.

FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for converting potential energy into rotational energy, a form of kinetic energy, and vice versa.

The device 1 includes a frame, not shown, in which a rotary body 2 is rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation 3 to be arranged. On the circumference of the rotary body 2, a plurality of formed as a hollow body, arranged radially to the rotation axis 3 guides 4 are arranged distributed and preferably st arr connected to the rotary body 2, in which at least one mass piece 5 is movably mounted. The various guides 4 are assigned to identify the respective position, the capital letters A to P. To make the Fig. 1 clear, only the guide located at position A 4 and their parts are provided with reference numerals. If reference is made to parts of other guides, they will be referred to by the corresponding reference numeral. In the present embodiment, the mass pieces 5 are designed as spheres, which are preferably made of a metal in order to make it sufficiently difficult.

The guides 4, which are made for example of square hollow sections with straight axes define for the therein movably mounted balls 5 each have a path having a maximum radial distance from the axis of rotation 4 having first end position and a minimum radial distance from the axis of rotation 3 having second end position is limited. Thus, for example, the ball 5 is located in the guide 4 at position E in the first end position and the ball in the guide 4 at position N in the second end position. In the exemplary embodiment, the axes of the guides 4 are all arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and radially to the axis of rotation 3.

To limit the respective path in the first and second end position, the guides 4 include first and second stop means 6 and 7 for the balls 5, wherein the respective first stop means 6, the first end position and the second stop means 7 determines the second end position. All first stop means 6 are located on an imaginary, the axis of rotation 3 surrounding cylinder with a first radius, and all second stop means 7 are also on an imaginary, the axis of rotation 3 surrounding cylinder with a second radius, both cylinders have the axis of rotation 3 as the central axis and the first radius is greater than the second radius.

In the exemplary embodiment, the first stop means 6 are formed by stop angles, which are attached to radially away from the axis of rotation 3 sides of the guides 4. The second stop means 7 are either likewise formed by abutment angles or by bottoms which are formed on the sides of the guides 4 facing radially to the axis of rotation 3. In addition, the guides 4 are provided with walls 8a and 8b, wherein - viewed in an operating direction of rotation (arrow v) of the rotary body 2 - the walls 8a are arranged on a leading side and the walls 8b on a trailing side.

Furthermore, 4 limiting means 9 are provided in the guides, which are attached to the inner sides of the operating direction of rotation (arrow v) front walls 8 a and z. B. are designed as swivel flaps. These are pivotably mounted on an end of the walls 8a remote from the axis of rotation 3 and pivotable about an axis substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 3 by means of joint centers 10, which are shown in FIG. 1 as black points. The length of the flaps 9 is chosen so that their pivotal movement is not hindered, as long as the arranged in the relevant guide 4 ball 5 is in the second end position or one of these close position (see, for example, position H). In this position of the balls 5, the flaps 9 can pivot out of the position in which they abut against the walls 8a of the guides 4 (see eg position G) under the influence of gravity towards the opposite wall 8b the guides 4 out (see, for example, position H) perform without being hindered by the respective balls 5. After carrying out such a pivoting movement, the flaps 9 extend over the cross section of the guides 4. They thereby limit the movement of the mass pieces 5 radially outward, ie prevent them from reaching the stop means. 6

FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a guide 4 shown in FIG. 1 along the line S-S. It can be seen that the arranged on the rotary body 2 guides 4 and their walls 8a, 8b have a centrally extending recess 11, which, starting from that end of the guides 4, on which the first stop means 6 are arranged over a certain length extends in the direction of the second stop means 7.

From Fig. 2 is further seen that the limiting elements or flaps 9 and the hinge means 10 extend only over a lying on one side of the recess 11 part of the guides 4. Alternatively, it would also be possible to provide corresponding flaps 9 and hinge means 10 on the other side of the recess 11. For the purposes of the invention, the special shape is less important than the function of the flaps 9 explained below.

To simplify the further description of the device 1, FIG. 1 shows a fixed coordinate system with an X-axis denoted by X and a Y-axis designated Y, whose Z-axis lies in the axis of rotation 3. The Roman numerals I to IV denote the four quadrants of this coordinate system. The device 1 according to the invention further comprises a fixed to the rotary body 2, intended to act on the balls 5, disposed below the rotary body 2 actuating element 12, which is designed in the embodiment as a on roller disks 13, 14 movably arranged, endless roller conveyor, which is an upper Part (Trum) 15a and a lower part (Trum) has 15b. The roller discs 13, 14 are held by means disposed substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 3 bearing shafts 16, 17 and arranged such that the part 15a of the actuating gelungsgelements 12 straight, above, the rotary body 2 facing and parallel to a substantially to the X-axis Line is arranged. The actuating element 12 is arranged with respect to the rotary body 2 and below it so that it engages with its upper part 15a and radially from the outside into the recesses 11 of a plurality of guides 4, which are currently located in a lower region of the rotary body 2, and holding the balls 5 mounted therein against gravity in an intermediate position. The radial distance of the part 15a from the rotation axis 2 and the radial length of the recesses 11 are chosen so that at least the ball 5 of the guide 4 located in the lowest position is held by the part 15a in an intermediate position in which the associated flap can be freely pivoted without being hindered by the relevant ball 5 (see, for example, position H). Suitably, the upper part 15a extends over a plurality of guides 4 detecting transition region between the III. and IV. quadrants.

In the following, the function of the device 1 according to the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, wherein a continuous rotation of the rotary body 2 in the operating direction of rotation (arrow v) presupposes and a complete revolution of one of the guides 4 is considered.

The ball 5, which is mounted in the position A (II. Quadrant) located guide 4 is held by the force acting on them gravity in the second end position, which is determined by the bottom 7 of the guide 4. The flap 9 is also held by the action of gravity in a pivotal position in which its free end rests against the wall 8a of the guide 4. Due to the rotation of the rotary body 2, the guide 4 previously located in the position A gradually passes into the region of the position D, wherein they from the II. Quadrant in the III. Quadrant transgresses. Here, the ball 5 is moved by the action of gravity from the second end position in the first end position defined by the stop angle 6 and held there again by the force acting on it gravity. The flaps 9 and the hinge means 10 are designed so that they do not hinder the movement of the balls 5 from the second to the first end position on the paths predetermined by the guides 4 (cf., for example, position D).

In the further course of rotation of the rotary body 2, the previously located in the position D guide 4 gradually passes through the quadrant III and subsequently enters the quadrant IV. Shortly before leaving the quadrant III passes the upper and the rotary body 2 facing part 15a of the actuating element 12 in the recess 11 (see Fig. 2) of the guide 4 (position G). As a result, the ball 5 mounted therein is held in the position which it has just reached relative to the Y-axis. Upon further rotation of the rotary body 2, this ball 5 passes further radially inwardly into this, as a result of the further rotating guide 4 in question, to a position close to the second end position (eg position H). Therefore, the associated flap 9 in the region of the position H or the passage of a guide 4 from III. in the IV. Quadrant of the pivot position in which its free end abuts the leading wall 8a, pivot by gravity into a pivotal position in which the free end of the flap 9 rests against the trailing wall 8b of the guide 4, so that the flap 9 thereby extends over the cross section of the associated guide 4. The flaps 9 and the actuating element 12 in this case act together so that the pivoting movements of the respective flaps 9 taking place in the region of the position H are not hindered by the balls 5 held in intermediate positions by the actuating element 12.

In the course of the further rotation of the rotating body 2 in the operating direction of rotation (arrow v), the guide 4 and thus the ball 5 mounted therein, which is previously in Position H, gradually to a lying between the positions I and J position in the IV. Quadrant, where the ball 5 is no longer held by the upper part 15 of the actuator 12 in an intermediate position, since the part 15 in this area gradually again emerges from the recesses 11 (see, for example, position I). The ball 5 now moves due to the force of gravity in a fixed by the flap 9, radially further outward intermediate position, however, has a considerable distance from the first end position. In other words, assumes at this point the voltage applied to the wall 8b with its free end flap 9 holding the ball 5 in an intermediate position, ie the flap 9 prevents the ball 5 due to the gravity acting on them in the fixed by the stop means 6 first end position returns. After this point, but at the latest at the position J, the actuating element 12 no longer engages in the recess 11 (cf., Fig. 2) of the respective guide 4.

Upon further rotation of the rotary body 2, the guide 4, which was previously located at the position J, gradually moves to the position L in which the guide 4 is transferred from the quadrant IV to the quadrant I. During this crossing, the ball 5 is moved by the gravity acting on it from the fixed by the flap 9 intermediate position in the second, fixed by the bottom 7 end position and held there. In the position L, the flap 9 continues to rest against the wall 8b with its free end.

In the course of the further rotation of the rotary body 2, the guide 4, which was previously in the position L, gradually arrives in the position P, a transfer from the I. into the II. Quadrant taking place here. In the course of the movement of the guide 4 from the position L to the position P, the ball 5 movably mounted therein is constantly held by the force of gravity acting on it in the second, fixed by the bottom 7 end position. In contrast, the flap 9 pivots - also under the influence of gravity - in the course of this movement gradually back into the pivotal position in which its free end rests against the wall 8a. If the guide 4, which was previously located at position P, gradually reaches the position A during the further rotation of the rotary body 2, the pivoting position or flap 9 not changing and the ball 5 still remaining in the second end position, this is the description of the mode of operation reaches the device 1 selected as the starting position position A.

Fig. 3 shows a device 19 according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention. This exemplary embodiment differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that the guides 4 have no flaps 9 and no hinge means 10, that the device 1 additionally contains a stationary support rail 20 and that the actuating element 12 is not arranged horizontally below the rotary body 2 but its upper part 15a extends obliquely to the horizontal and laterally of the rotary body in the region of its IV. Quadrant, again assuming that the axis of rotation 3 during operation of the device 1 is horizontal. The part 15a therefore extends from bottom left to top right and engages in the recesses 11 (Fig. T) of at least some guides 4 (see in Fig. 3 the positions I, J and K). Thereby, the balls 5 stored therein are moved to intermediate positions, held therein and prevented from being moved back to the first end position. The actuator 12 is in this case - as well as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 - arranged stationary and z. B. firmly attached to the frame. In contrast to FIG. 1, the balls 5 are not only held at a certain height with respect to the Y-axis, but by the actuating element 12, starting z. B. from the position H, placed in a higher position within the relevant guide 4 (eg, position I).

The support rail 20 is arranged in the direction of rotation v of the rotary body 2 behind the actuating element 12, attached to indicated by reference numeral 21 frame parts of the device 19 and extends substantially over the entire first quadrant I. It is preferably designed in the form of a cylindrical ring segment and provided with an outer, along a cylindrical surface extending guide surface 20a, whose central axis coincides with the axis of rotation 3. The mounting rail 20 protrudes analogous to the actuating element 12 with this cylindrical surface in further, not shown recesses, which are formed by the bottoms or stop means 7 in the guides 4 and their walls 8a, 8b. In this case, the guide surface 20a protrudes so deep into the guides 4, that the balls 5 are prevented in the I. quadrant from reaching out of the reached at the end of the IV. Quadrant intermediate position in the second end positions. This is only possible at the end of the first quadrant at position P, for example. In contrast to the actuating element 12, the support rail 20 acts on the balls 5 from a radially inner side. The radius of the outer guide surface 20 a of the support rail 20 may be such that the balls 5 their z. B. maintained in the position K intermediate position, or be slightly smaller, as shown in FIG. 3. In addition, the support rail 20 may extend over an area that protrudes slightly on both sides beyond the facing end of the fourth or second quadrant, or overlap these ends.

The operation of the device 19 of FIG. 3 is substantially the same as the above-described operation of the device 1 of FIG. 1. As can be seen from Fig. 3, here also arise for the balls 5 in a full revolution of the rotary body 2 numerous Changes in position with corresponding effects on the potential energy of the balls 5 and the rotational energy and the moment of inertia of the rotary body. 2

In the following, the function of the device 19 shown in FIG. 3 is described, wherein a continuous expansion of the rotary body 2 in the operating direction of rotation (arrow v) provided and a full rotation of one of the guides 4 is considered.

The ball 5, which is mounted in the position A (II. Quadrant) located guide 4 is held by the force acting on them gravity in the second end position, which is determined by the bottom 7 of the guide 4.

Due to the elongation of the rotary body 2, the previously comes in the position A Guide 4 gradually in the area of position D, where they from the II. Quadrant in the III. Quadrant transgresses. Here, the ball 5 is moved by the action of gravity from the second end position in the defined by the stop angle 6 first end position and held there again by the force acting on it gravity.

In the further course of rotation of the rotary body 2, the guide 4 previously located in the position D gradually passes through the quadrant III and subsequently enters the quadrant IV. Shortly before the entry of the quadrant IV, the upper and the rotary body facing part 15a of the actuating element 12 passes in the recess 11 (see Fig. 2) of the guide 4 (position H). In the course of the further rotation of the rotary body 2, this ball 5 is thereby moved in the relevant guide 4 radially inwardly into an intermediate position lying between the first and second end positions. This intermediate position reaches a minimum distance to the second end position when the relevant guide 4 is perpendicular to the part 15a of the roller belt. In the further course of the rotation of the rotary body 2, the radial distance between the intermediate position and the second end position decreases again (cf., for example, position K) until the ball 5, when the guiding guide 4 leaves the engagement region of the roller belt, passes through the Gravity effect is again occupied in the direction of the first end position.

As a result of the further expansion of the rotary body 2, the guide 4, which was previously still in the engagement region of the actuating element 12 (see position K), gradually passes from the IVth quadrant into the I. quadrant. Thus, the guide 4 enters the engagement region of the support rail 20, which engages in the first quadrant in the other recesses of the guides 4. The support rail 20 thereby prevents the respective balls 5 are moved in the associated guides by gravity in the second end position. In the I. quadrant, the balls 5 are therefore moved by gravity only in an intermediate position defined by the support rail 20 and held in this. In the further course of the rotation of the rotary body 2, the guide 4, which was previously still in the engagement region of the mounting rail 20 (eg position N), gradually merges into the II quadrant (see position P).

When crossing into the II. Quadrant and thus leaving the engagement region of the support rail 20, the guided in the relevant guide 4 ball 5 is moved back into the first end position due to gravity and held there. After reaching position A, the described functional sequence starts from the beginning.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 to 7 substantially corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1. It differs from this by a arranged in the transition from I. to II. Quadrant guide rail 23, similar to the mounting rail 20 attached to not shown frame parts is. The guide rail 23 engages as the support rail 20 from the side of the stop means 7 in the guides 4 a. As schematically illustrated in FIG. 5, the walls 8a and 8b of the guides 4 are substantially H-shaped and, in addition to the recesses 11 machined by the stop means 6, are provided with further recesses 11a incorporated by the stop means 7, which are separated from the recesses 11 by a narrow transverse web 24. Further, the guides 4 are each provided with a second limiting means 25, which is preferably also designed as a pivotable flap. These flaps 25 are pivotally attached to the leading walls 8a opposite to the hinge means 10, again shown as black dots, second hinge means 26. As shown in particular in FIGS. 6 and 7, the flaps 25 are provided with extensions by means of elements 27 which protrude beyond the hinge means 26 and the guides 4 which are at least partially open in the region of the stop means 7. These elements 27 and extensions are heavier than the flaps 25 and represent weights by means of which pre-selected flap positions can be reached.

The mode of action of the guides 4 according to FIGS. 5 to 7 results in particular from FIG. 4 as follows: When the guides reach the position P, they enter the area of action of the guide rail 23 entering the recesses IIa (FIG. 5), which faces the X-axis z. B. is inclined by a few degrees down. As a result, the associated balls 5 in the positions A and B are prevented from moving downwardly in abutment with the stopper means 7 due to their gravity. Rather, they essentially maintain their altitude reached at position P until about position B is reached. The flaps 25 are in the position P and A, held by the associated ball 5, on the walls 8a. During the transition to position B, the balls 5 slide radially outward from the flaps 25, so that they are pivoted about the hinge means 26 under the action of the elements or weights 27, thereby limiting the movement paths of the balls 5 inwards. Upon further rotation of the rotary body 2, the balls 2 can therefore at most to roll back to about the middle of the guides 4 (position C).

From approximately the position D, the balls 5 perform the movements described with reference to FIG. As a result, the flaps 25 are released again, so that they can pivot back from about the position F, as indicated there by a dotted line due to the action of the elements or weights 27 back to the system 8a. From there, the position of the flaps 25 then remains largely unchanged, as indicated schematically in Fig. 4 only at the position K. In this case, the arrangement is such that the flaps 25 are held approximately up to the position L by the elements 27 in abutment with the walls 8a, so that the balls 5 can then roll back to the stop means 7.

According to FIG. 4, an advantage of the second flaps 25 described is that the balls 5 can exert an increased torque on the rotary body already in the II. Quadrant compared to FIG.

The device according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways to stimulate learners and / or technically interested parties to engage in a mental discussion with the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy and vice versa. The basic connections between potential energy and Rotation energy as a special case of the kinetic energy as well as the physical laws describing it are assumed to be known and therefore not explained in detail.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. The devices 1, 19 may, for. B., when they are shown and / or exhibited by a viewer not directly visible drive, such as an electric motor, are driven so that the observer of the rotating rotating body 2 creates the impression as if this moves without the Devices 1, 19 is supplied from the outside energy. Furthermore, the devices 1, 19 according to the invention can be manufactured in many dimensions and dimensions. They can also be used in particular for the storage of rotational energy. For this purpose, the axis of rotation 3 of the devices 1, 19 possibly with the interposition of a transmission, not shown, with a drive, also not shown, for example, via a PTO shaft of a tractor, are connected to an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can accelerate the rotary body 2 and thus store a certain amount of energy in the devices 1, 19. In order to remove energy from the "charged" devices 1, 19, these can be connected to a machine requiring a rotational energy, for example a pump, if necessary with the interposition of a gearbox. In this case, in the devices 1, 19 stored energy in the form of mechanical energy to the pump od. Like. Delivered, which can perform work. In addition, one or more parts of the devices 1, 19 may be provided with a friction reducing surface to thereby reduce avoidable losses, in particular friction losses. Further, it is possible with particular advantage, the actuating element 12 and its upper run 15a, the support rail 20 and the guide rail 23 as rails with V-shaped cross-sections form, in which the balls 5 run with very little friction. Finally, it is understood that the various features may be applied in combinations other than those described and illustrated.

Claims

claims

1. Device for converting potential energy into rotational energy and vice versa, comprising:

a. a rotary body (2) which is rotatably mounted about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation to be arranged (3) and a plurality of distributed on its circumference arranged guides (4), in which at least one mass piece (5) is mounted radially movable, wherein the guides (4) define predetermined paths each having first and second end positions for the mass pieces (5), each first end position having a greater radial distance from the rotation axis (3) than the second end position, and wherein the mass pieces (5) Rotation of the rotary body (2) about the axis of rotation (3) as a function of its rotational position by gravity alternately in the first end position (III. Quadrant) and in the second end position (II. Quadrant) can be brought,

b. an actuating element (12) fixedly assigned to the rotary body (2) and acting on the mass pieces (5), which holds the mass pieces (5) in intermediate positions between the first and second end positions as a function of the rotational position of the rotary body (2) or into such brings, and

c. limiting means (9, 20) associated with the guides (4), which prevent a transfer of the mass pieces (5) from the intermediate positions into the first or second end position in a predetermined rotation angle range of the rotary body (2) (IV. quadrant or I. quadrant), before the mass pieces (5) pass by gravity into the second end position (II quadrant) and then back to the first end position (III quadrant) on further rotation of the rotary body (2).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guides (4) have recesses (11), in which engages the actuating element (12).

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the actuating element (12) as a on rolling-belt pulleys (13, 14) movably arranged roller conveyor (15) is executed.

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guides (4) are designed as a square hollow sections.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the profiles define straight webs.

6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the profiles have radially to the axis of rotation (3) arranged axes.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the webs are limited by stop means (6, 7).

8. Device according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the roller conveyor (15) includes an upper, in the recesses (11) engaging strand (15 a).

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper run (15 a) below the rotary body (2) in a transition region between the III. and IV. Quadrants and horizontally arranged axis of rotation (3) is also arranged substantially horizontally.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the limiting elements on the guides (4) mounted, pivoting flaps (9).

11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the upper run (15a) is arranged laterally from the rotary body (2) in the IV. Quadrant and horizontally arranged axis of rotation (3) obliquely to the horizontal.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the guides (4) have further recesses and that the limiting elements are arranged stationary and in the I. quadrant and engage in the further recesses.

5 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the limiting elements are combined to form a circular cylindrical guide surface (20 a) of a mounting rail (20).

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that 10, the mass pieces (5) are formed as balls (5).

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the balls (5) are made of metal.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises at least one friction-reduced treated part.

17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the guides (4) further recesses (IIa) and that in the region of the 0 II. Quadrant in the other recesses (purple) engaging, stationary guide rail (23) is provided, which presses the mass pieces (5) in the guides (4) radially outward.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the guides (4) 5 more, with the guide rail (23) cooperating limiting means (25) are associated.

19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the actuating element (12) and / or the support rail (20) and / or the guide rail 0 (23) consists of a rail with a V-shaped cross-section.