WO2009124516A1 - Heat insulation element and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Heat insulation element and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009124516A1
WO2009124516A1 PCT/DE2008/000599 DE2008000599W WO2009124516A1 WO 2009124516 A1 WO2009124516 A1 WO 2009124516A1 DE 2008000599 W DE2008000599 W DE 2008000599W WO 2009124516 A1 WO2009124516 A1 WO 2009124516A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surface elements
support structure
cover surface
gas
tight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/000599
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Busch
Jana Eckardt
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to PCT/DE2008/000599 priority Critical patent/WO2009124516A1/en
Publication of WO2009124516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009124516A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat insulating element, with at least one gas-tight enclosed volume in which a volume at least partially filling agent is contained and in which prevails over a prevailing external to the gas-tight volume outside pressure so lower internal pressure, so that a heat conduction through the Heat insulation element is negligible over the residual gas contained within the volume with respect to the heat conduction over the solids contained in the heat insulating element. Further, a method of manufacturing the heat insulating member is described
  • Lightweight and at the same time mechanically stable, load-bearing surface elements are expediently with a light core, z. B. in the form of a foam core, consisting of a predominantly closed-cell foam, or a honeycomb core with honeycomb-shaped chambers and realized with the core material and non-positively connected highly resilient shell.
  • a light core z. B. in the form of a foam core, consisting of a predominantly closed-cell foam, or a honeycomb core with honeycomb-shaped chambers and realized with the core material and non-positively connected highly resilient shell.
  • Such lightweight panels are in many applications z. B. in aircraft, vehicle and boat building, in the transport sector or in prefabricated housing in use.
  • the heat transfer through an insulating material consists of proportions a) of the heat conduction through the solid contained, b) convection via the trapped gas, c) the heat radiation and d) the heat conduction through the trapped gas.
  • the heat transfer within a conventional insulating material is typically composed of proportions of 20 to 30% heat radiation, 5 to 10% heat conduction via the filler material and 65 to 75% heat conduction by the trapped gas volume. For a good thermal insulation or low heat conduction thus reducing all heat conduction mechanisms to a minimum is required.
  • the heat conduction through a solid can be reduced both by a favorable choice of the solid material itself as well as by reducing the solids content.
  • the heat radiation can be, for example.
  • infrared blockers z. As T ⁇ O 2 , or by IR absorbing layers reduce. Due to the thermal conductivity of the panel material and the gas enclosed in the panels, the thermal conductivity as a measure of the insulation effect in conventional panels is generally not below a value of about 20 mW / mK. A further reduction of the thermal conductivity is only possible by evacuated insulation measures.
  • Dewar vessels which are by their shape able to withstand the external atmospheric pressure of 1 bar stable, or exist in the case of flat panels of a pressure-stable filling material, the corresponding Is able to absorb compressive forces, surrounded by a gas-tight enclosure.
  • the enclosed volume may accordingly either be empty or filled with a core material, which should be formed as open-celled as possible and thus as completely evacuated.
  • the filling materials used in the known VIP various fiber, powder or foam products are used.
  • Suitable materials for the insulating core are thermally treated and compressed glass fibers, open-cell foam sheets based on polystyrene or polyurethane and finely dispersed powders, in particular based on silicic acids.
  • the pore size of the framework body becomes so small that the mean free path of the gas molecules is greater than the distance between the cell walls or the pore width.
  • the free path of the air molecules is about 0.06 microns, so that in microporous core materials due to the small pore size of less than 0.5 microns, the thermal conductivity at normal pressure to 25 mW / mK can be reduced.
  • additional IR absorbers or reflectors are added. The thermal conductivity of such a microporous powder core is then significantly less than 20 mW / mK.
  • evacuated panels A general problem currently known evacuated panels is that there is no material and non-positive connection between the filler and the gas-tight envelope.
  • evacuated panels can therefore be used as insulating elements in load-bearing structures only by further additional design measures, such as. Load-bearing structures or structures, strapping or the like. All currently known VIP from one porous filling material and a gas-tight envelope without material and non-positive connection are not in themselves highly durable panels.
  • DE 102 26 188 A1 discloses a composite insulation panel with vacuum insulation, or VIP for short, as described above, which provides a vacuum insulation panel located between two cover panels, which in turn consists of a powder core welded inside a gas-tight film.
  • VIP vacuum insulation
  • An actively operable vacuum insulation system is described in DE 101 14 632 A1, which consists of an envelope, an open-pored filling material and a vacuum pump permanently connected to the envelope, which continuously generates a prevailing gas pressure of less than 100 mbar within the envelope.
  • a heat insulating plate with a gas-tight housing can be removed, which surrounds an inner volume like a box.
  • the side walls of the housing are intrinsically stable, for example made of metal or sheet metal, in order to ultimately withstand a vacuum applied to the outside atmospheric pressure inside the housing.
  • US 2 837 779 A shows an evacuable thermal insulation element which consists of ceiling surface elements, side surface elements and a support structure.
  • the ceiling surface and side surface elements are interconnected and hermetically enclose an internal volume.
  • the support structure on the bottom Ceiling surface applied has diagonal and transverse webs, at whose nodes recesses are provided, which make it possible to evacuate the entire vacuum element through only one opening.
  • the support structure is not firmly connected to the upper ceiling surface.
  • plastic sheet metal, glass, ceramics and generally non-porous materials are given.
  • thermoplastics such as polystyrene are particularly preferred because the joining of the top and side surfaces can be done by heat.
  • the invention is based on the object, a heat insulating element which includes at least a gas-tight volume in which a volume at least partially filling agent is contained and in which prevails over a prevailing outside the volume of external pressure, a lower internal pressure, educate in such a way that when not opposite evacuated insulation systems improved thermal insulation properties, the mechanical strength and resistance to generic evacuated heat insulation elements to be improved.
  • a heat insulating element which includes at least a gas-tight volume in which a volume at least partially filling agent is contained and in which prevails over a prevailing outside the volume of external pressure, a lower internal pressure, educate in such a way that when not opposite evacuated insulation systems improved thermal insulation properties, the mechanical strength and resistance to generic evacuated heat insulation elements to be improved.
  • the necessary measures should correspond to the aspects of lightweight construction
  • a generic heat insulation element in the manner of a hollow chamber plate, which provides at least two cover surface elements and a supporting structure, the cover surface elements spaced from each other, in which the support structure with two cover surface elements material, force and / or positively connected such that the support structure with the
  • the hollow chamber plate consists of a gas-permeable material, that a gas-tight material existing envelope member is provided surrounding at least the hollow chamber plate, that the gas-tight envelope member includes a volume in which prevails over a volume outside the gas-tight enclosed volume External pressure a lower internal pressure prevails and that the hollow chamber plate is dimensionally stable loadable at least by the resulting pressure difference due to the different internal and external pressure.
  • the gas-tight casing element encloses a hollow chamber plate with at least two cover surface elements spaced apart from each other which are dimensionally stable and each have a peripheral edge respectively connected to side surface elements such that the cover surface elements and the side surface elements have an internal volume enclose.
  • the support structure is material, force and / or positively connected to two cover surface elements.
  • the support structure ensures a defined distance between the two cover surface elements.
  • the support structure itself is made of a dimensionally stable material and preferably web, lattice or honeycomb-shaped.
  • other constructive, geometric embodiments of the support structure are conceivable, provided that it provides intrinsic and dimensionally stable for an internal mechanical support for the top surface elements and the surrounding the top surface elements and the optionally present side surface elements casing element.
  • the term "hollow chamber plate”, HKP for short, describes in the simplest case two cover surface elements which are spaced apart from each other by a support structure and which can be planar or curved and whose arbitrarily contoured peripheral edges can be connected to side surface elements when, provided in the interior support structure and preferably also the side surface elements material, force and / or positive fit with the Cover surface elements are connected.
  • a support structure which can be planar or curved and whose arbitrarily contoured peripheral edges can be connected to side surface elements when, provided in the interior support structure and preferably also the side surface elements material, force and / or positive fit with the Cover surface elements are connected.
  • the support structure without connection to the cover surface elements, but in this case the mechanical strength of such trained HKP is significantly lower than in the case of a material, force and / or positive connection to the respective cover surface element.
  • the support structure may also be made of a different material than the cover surface elements.
  • the support structure of the HKP should consist of a material with low heat conduction in order to optimize the optimum
  • all components of the HKP can be produced by means of an extrusion process. It is also conceivable, by way of coextrusion, to use a plurality of extrudable types of material, for example a plurality of types of polymers, in order, for example, to produce the cover surface elements and the support structure and the side surface elements from different polymer materials.
  • the support structure and the side surface elements with perpendicular to the cover surface elements oriented spatial forms, for example in the form of web walls, preferably in the composite of a honeycomb structure form.
  • the support structure must keep the hollow chamber plate in the evacuated state under the external atmospheric pressure stable.
  • the outer sides of the cover surface elements of the hollow chamber plate with an IR-absorbing cover layer or layer.
  • the top surface elements of the Hollow panel itself made of an infrared-absorbing material.
  • the cover surface elements can be produced by coextrusion from a plurality of layers with different polymer materials, wherein the respective outer material layer should preferably be selected from a corresponding IR-absorbing polymer composition.
  • the cover surface elements and the inner support structure and optionally the side surface elements do not have gas-tight properties, however, it is necessary to take precautions that the internal volume of the HKP is sealed against external atmospheric conditions gas-tight.
  • the HKP as a whole is surrounded with a gas-tight casing element, which is preferably material, force and / or positively connected to the cover surface elements and in this way surrounds the HKP holistically.
  • the gas-tight envelope element may for example consist of a sheet-metal layer, a fiber-reinforced, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer and / or a gas-tight barrier film.
  • the support structure for example in the form of a honeycomb structure or honeycomb structure, encloses a multiplicity of honeycomb-shaped individual volumes with the two cover surface elements, each of which is lined with a gas-tight barrier layer as a shell element.
  • This can be realized, for example, in the case of a support structure made of webs by way of coextrusion.
  • a large number of separate volumes independent of each other can be produced, which fulfill their function as heat-insulating Einzellvolumina independently within the HKP, even in the case when damage by external damage one or more sub-volumes in the way of local leakage.
  • module-like, evacuated shell element inserts into the individual volumes.
  • a variety of different embodiments relating to this can be realized.
  • the thermal insulation element according to the invention consists of two cover surface elements which are spaced apart from each other by a support structure and, in turn, like the support structure, consist of a non-gas-tight material.
  • the two cover surface elements are surrounded together with the support structure therebetween by a gas-tight casing element, the spanned volume of which is evacuated after appropriate fabrication and arrangement around the cover surface elements and supporting structure by means of a suitable vacuum pump.
  • a cohesive connection between the gas-tight envelope and the coated cover surface elements is to be provided, especially as the gas-tight envelope element conforms to the outer contour of the cover surface elements in the way of the prevailing pressure difference.
  • a shell formed of sheet metal which is connected via a material and / or non-positive connection with the HKP, allows the realization of very durable, highly heat-insulating and at the same time very easy to build panels, which are also characterized by significant material savings in the production .
  • the solution according to the invention evacuated HKP can be easily prepared, for example, when using extrudable plastic materials by way of common extrusion process, which is technologically mature and very well suited for industrial production.
  • the additional joining mechanically stable and sustainable favourumhüllept, for example, sheet metal layers to the corresponding top surface elements of the HKP can be done immediately after the extrusion of the hollow panel.
  • the HKP formed in accordance with the solution can be used in conjunction with mechanically stabilizing gas-tight enclosures wherever conventional vacuum insulation panels are already used.
  • special areas of application are those in which lightweight construction with highly resilient structures and simultaneously high thermal insulation are important. These are preferably cold stores, insulated containers, ship structures such as ship hull walls, insulated containers such as hot water tanks, reactor walls, etc., aerospace structures such as fuselage structures and aircraft floor panels, to name just a few applications.
  • Fig. 5 just trained hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented webs as a support structure with applied to the top surface elements sheets and
  • HKP a solution according trained hollow chamber plate
  • HKP which is bounded by two opposite, each rectangular-shaped plan surface elements 1, 2, which are laterally surrounded by side surface elements 3, 4, 5, 6 and together with the Cover surface elements include an internal volume.
  • web-like support structures 7 are provided, each of which forms a material, force and / or positive connection on both sides with the cover surface elements 1, 2.
  • the entire HKP tightly encases a not shown foil or sheet-like gas-tight envelope formed. In this way it can be ensured that when evacuating the internal volume, the cover surface elements 1, 2 permanently maintain a constant distance d to each other, despite the prevailing pressure difference between the atmospheric external pressure conditions and the pressure prevailing inside the volume negative pressure.
  • the inner support structure 7 is formed by a grid-shaped support structure 7 extending in each case through orthogonal intersecting webs.
  • a gas-tight envelope is materially and / or force-lockingly connected to the inner walls so that the individual sub-volumes 8 can be evacuated individually.
  • FIG. 3 A further alternative embodiment for a HKP is shown in Fig. 3, the curved formed cover surface elements 1, 2 provides, with comparable to the embodiment of FIG. 1 straight web-like, extending inner support webs 7.
  • the cover surface elements 1, 2 respectively formed wavy.
  • an essential aspect is the inner support of the cover surface elements by means of a support structure 7, which preferably enters into a material, force and / or positive connection in the interior with the respective cover surface elements 1, 2.
  • FIG. 5 A further possibility for the realization of a gas-tight envelope element is shown in FIG. 5, in which a HPK, consisting of two cover surface elements 1, 2 with intermediate, rectilinear webs as support structure 7, is shown.
  • Material, force and / or positively connected to the outside of the respective cover surface element 1, 2 is a gas-tight envelope member, for example with a top surface in the form of a sheet metal layer 9 - which is also required for the gas-tightness gas-tight side surfaces and their gas-tight connection with the top surfaces not shown in the figure - provided, which is able to realize in addition to the gas-tightness and an improvement in mechanical strength.
  • a gas-tight envelope member for example with a top surface in the form of a sheet metal layer 9 - which is also required for the gas-tightness gas-tight side surfaces and their gas-tight connection with the top surfaces not shown in the figure - provided, which is able to realize in addition to the gas-tightness and an improvement in mechanical strength.
  • the envelope surrounding the HKP in addition to sheets, such as steel or aluminum, also organic sheets in question, for example, glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced laminates into consideration.
  • the gas-tightness of the sheets used in this case can be achieved either by the sheets themselves or by a material and / or non-positive, connected to the hollow chamber plate and the sheet barrier layer.
  • gas tightness in carbon fiber reinforced laminates can be achieved by laminating aluminum or titanium sheet laminated into the laminate.
  • the gas-tightness is achieved, for example, by providing corresponding barrier films (not shown in FIG. 5) which are gas-tightly connected to the cover surfaces.
  • the inner volume bounding side surface elements 3 to 6 are materials with the lowest possible heat conduction properties into consideration, preferably plastics that can be particularly efficiently produced by extrusion technology or molded.
  • the coextrusion technique allows the processing of several different plastic materials, so for example cover surface elements can be made of a sufficiently rigid and solid plastic, whereas the support structure can be made of another, for example filled with fillers for reduced heat conduction plastics.
  • cover surface elements can be made of a sufficiently rigid and solid plastic
  • the support structure can be made of another, for example filled with fillers for reduced heat conduction plastics.
  • gas-tight layers or coverings in the interior of the individual sub-chambers 8 formed by the support structure.
  • the advantage of such an embodiment is that only a partial loss of the high insulating effect occurs in the case of a leak, since the not affected by the leakage sub-chambers remain evacuated and thus able to isolate the heat most efficient.
  • HKP By a suitable choice of plastic materials HKP can be manufactured individually for a variety of different applications. Material examples of such HKP are, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) or polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyamide
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • Fig. 6 here is a cross section through two adjacent heat insulating elements 10, 11 shown, which in turn are connected to the sheets 13, which protrude laterally beyond the individual heat insulating elements 10, 11 supporting hollow-core panels.
  • the frontally opposite abutting edges of the sheets 13 of both adjacent heat insulating elements 10, 11 can be connected to each other in a gastight manner by means of known joining techniques, such as welding.
  • the resulting gap 14 between the two heat insulating elements 10, 11 can be evacuated after connecting the protruding sheet metal areas accordingly, or, in order to achieve high stability, with a load-bearing filling material, such as a foam, are filled.

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat insulation element in the form of a hollow chamber plate, providing for at least two covering surface elements and a support structure spacing the covering surface elements from each other, wherein the support structure is connected to the two covering surface elements in a bonded, positive, or non-positive manner such that the support structure with the covering surface elements surrounds partial chambers. The invention is characterized in - that the hollow chamber plate is made of a gas permeable material, - that a wrapping element made of gas-tight material is provided, the element surrounding at least the hollow chamber plate, - that the gas-tight wrapping element encloses a volume, in which a lower internal pressure prevails compared to an external pressure prevailing outside the volume enclosed in a gas-tight manner, and that the hollow chamber plate can be subjected at least to the pressure difference occurring by the different internal and external pressures and remains dimensionally stable.

Description

Wärmeisolationselement sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung Heat insulating element and method for its production
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Wärmeisolationselement, mit wenigstens einem gasdicht umschlossenen Volumen, in dem ein das Volumen zumindest teilweise ausfüllendes Mittel enthalten ist und in dem gegenüber einem außerhalb des gasdicht umschlossenen Volumens vorherrschenden Aussendruck ein so niedrigerer Innendruck vorherrscht, so dass eine Wärmeleitung durch das Wärmeisolationselement über das innerhalb des Volumens enthaltene Restgas gegenüber der Wärmeleitung über die im Wärmeisolationselement enthaltenden Feststoffanteile vernachlässigbar ist. Ferner wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Wärmeisolationselementes beschrieben, vorThe invention relates to a heat insulating element, with at least one gas-tight enclosed volume in which a volume at least partially filling agent is contained and in which prevails over a prevailing external to the gas-tight volume outside pressure so lower internal pressure, so that a heat conduction through the Heat insulation element is negligible over the residual gas contained within the volume with respect to the heat conduction over the solids contained in the heat insulating element. Further, a method of manufacturing the heat insulating member is described
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Leichte und zugleich mechanisch stabile, Last tragende Flächenelemente werden zweckmäßig mit einem leichten Kern, z. B. in Form eines Schaumkerns, bestehend aus einem überwiegend geschlossenzelligen Schaum, oder einem Wabenkern mit wabenförmigen Kammern und einer mit dem Kern stoff- und kraftschlüssig verbundenen hoch belastbaren Hülle realisiert. Derartige Leichtbau-Panele sind in vielen Anwendungsbereichen z. B. im Flugzeug-, Fahrzeug- und Bootsbau, im Transportbereich oder im Fertighausbau im Einsatz.Lightweight and at the same time mechanically stable, load-bearing surface elements are expediently with a light core, z. B. in the form of a foam core, consisting of a predominantly closed-cell foam, or a honeycomb core with honeycomb-shaped chambers and realized with the core material and non-positively connected highly resilient shell. Such lightweight panels are in many applications z. B. in aircraft, vehicle and boat building, in the transport sector or in prefabricated housing in use.
In vielen Anwendungen, in denen Panele, insbesondere Leichtbau-Panele, zum Einsatz gelangen, ist auch eine möglichst geringe Wärmeleitung durch die Panele zur Energieeinsparung von großer Bedeutung. Die Wärmedämmwirkung und dadurch erzielbare Energieeinsparung wird durch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit durch die Panele sowie deren Dicke festgelegt. Für eine gute Wärmedämmung respektive niedrige Wärmeleitung durch die Panele hindurch ist die Voraussetzung, dass alle Wärmleitungsmechanismen innerhalb der Panele möglichst auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.In many applications in which panels, in particular lightweight panels, are used, even the lowest possible heat conduction through the panels to save energy is of great importance. The thermal insulation effect and thereby achievable energy savings is due to the thermal conductivity through the Panels and their thickness set. For a good thermal insulation respectively low heat conduction through the panels, the prerequisite is that all heat conduction mechanisms within the panels should be minimized as far as possible.
Allgemein setzt sich der Wärmetransport durch einen Dämmstoff hindurch aus Anteilen a) der Wärmeleitung durch den enthaltenen Feststoff, b) der Konvektion über das eingeschlossene Gas, c) der Wärmestrahlung und d) der Wärmeleitung durch das eingeschlossene Gas zusammen. Der Wärmetransport innerhalb eines konventionellen Dämmstoffes setzt sich typischerweise aus Anteilen von 20 bis 30 % Wärmestrahlung, 5 bis 10 % Wärmeleitung über das Füllmaterial und 65 bis 75 % Wärmeleitung durch das eingeschlossene Gasvolumen zusammen. Für eine gute Wärmedämmung respektive niedrige Wärmeleitung ist somit die Reduzierung aller Wärmeleitungsmechanismen auf ein Minimum Voraussetzung.Generally, the heat transfer through an insulating material consists of proportions a) of the heat conduction through the solid contained, b) convection via the trapped gas, c) the heat radiation and d) the heat conduction through the trapped gas. The heat transfer within a conventional insulating material is typically composed of proportions of 20 to 30% heat radiation, 5 to 10% heat conduction via the filler material and 65 to 75% heat conduction by the trapped gas volume. For a good thermal insulation or low heat conduction thus reducing all heat conduction mechanisms to a minimum is required.
Die Wärmeleitung durch einen Feststoff kann sowohl durch eine günstige Wahl des Feststoffmaterials selbst sowie auch durch Verminderung des Feststoffanteils herabgesetzt werden. Die Wärmestrahlung hingegen lässt sich bspw. durch Zusatz von Infrarotblockern, z. B. TΪO2, oder durch IR absorbierende Schichten reduzieren. Bedingt durch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Panel-Materials und des in den Panelen eingeschlossenen Gases liegt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit als Maß für die Dämmwirkung bei konventionellen Panelen jedoch in der Regel nicht unter einem Wert von etwa 20 mW/mK. Eine weitere Verringerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist nur durch evakuierte Dämmungsmaßnahmen möglich.The heat conduction through a solid can be reduced both by a favorable choice of the solid material itself as well as by reducing the solids content. The heat radiation, however, can be, for example. By addition of infrared blockers, z. As TΪO 2 , or by IR absorbing layers reduce. Due to the thermal conductivity of the panel material and the gas enclosed in the panels, the thermal conductivity as a measure of the insulation effect in conventional panels is generally not below a value of about 20 mW / mK. A further reduction of the thermal conductivity is only possible by evacuated insulation measures.
Das allgemeine Wirkprinzip von Vakuum-Dämmsystemen, auf dem so genannte Vakuumisolationspanele, kurz VlP, beruhen, besteht nun darin, den Anteil der Gaswärmeleitung, die den Hauptwärmeübertragungsanteil ausmacht, durch entsprechendes Evakuieren von Gas bzw. Luft enthaltenen Hohlräumen zu minimieren. Um jedoch den Unterdruck in einem Vakuum-Dämmsystem passiv, also ohne den ständigen aktiven Einsatz von Vakuumpumpsystemen, auf Dauer zu erhalten, ist hierfür eine das evakuierte Volumen umgebende gasdichte Hülle erforderlich, die beispielsweise aus Glas, Metallblech, Kunststoff- oder Kunststoffverbundfolien bestehen kann. Diesbezüglich bekannte Dämmungsmaßnahmen sind entweder in Form zylindrischer Behälter als so genannte Dewargefäße realisiert worden, die durch ihre Form in der Lage sind, dem äußeren Atmosphärendruck von 1 bar stabil stand zu halten, oder bestehen im Fall flacher Panele aus einem druckstabilen Füllmaterial, das die entsprechenden Druckkräfte aufzunehmen in der Lage ist, umgeben von einer gasdichten Umhüllung. Das eingeschlossene Volumen kann dem entsprechend entweder leer oder mit einem Kernmaterial ausgefüllt sein, das möglichst offenzellig ausgebildet sein sollte und somit möglichst vollständig evakuierbar ist.The general operating principle of vacuum insulation systems, based on the so-called vacuum insulation panels, short VlP, is now to minimize the proportion of gas heat conduction, which makes up the main heat transfer component, by appropriately evacuating gas or air contained cavities. However, in order to obtain the negative pressure in a vacuum insulation system passively, ie without the constant active use of vacuum pumping systems, in the long term, this is a gas-tight envelope surrounding the evacuated volume required, which may for example consist of glass, sheet metal, plastic or plastic composite films. In this regard, known insulation measures have been implemented either in the form of cylindrical container called Dewar vessels, which are by their shape able to withstand the external atmospheric pressure of 1 bar stable, or exist in the case of flat panels of a pressure-stable filling material, the corresponding Is able to absorb compressive forces, surrounded by a gas-tight enclosure. The enclosed volume may accordingly either be empty or filled with a core material, which should be formed as open-celled as possible and thus as completely evacuated.
Als Füllmaterialien gelangen bei den bekannten VIP verschiedene Faser-, Pulveroder Schaumprodukte zur Anwendung. Als für den Dämmkern geeignete Materialien sind thermisch behandelte und verpresste Glasfasern, offenzellige Schaumplatten auf der Basis von Polystyrol oder Polyurethan und feindisperse Pulver insbesondere auf der Basis von Kieselsäuren bekannt. Bei Einsatz von Kieselsäuren wird die Porenweite des Gerüstkörpers so klein, dass die mittlere freie Weglänge der Gasmoleküle größer ist als der Abstand der Zellwände bzw. der Porenweite. Im atmosphärischen Druckbereich liegt bspw. die freie Weglänge der Luftmoleküle bei ca. 0,06 μm, so dass sich bei mikroporösen Kernmaterialien auf Grund der geringen Porenweite, von kleiner 0,5μm, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei Normaldruck auf 25 mW/mK reduzieren lässt. Um noch niedrigere Dämmwerte zu erzielen, werden zusätzlich IR-Absorber oder Reflektoren zugemischt. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines solchen mikroporösen Pulverkerns liegt dann bei Werten deutlich kleiner 20 mW/mK.The filling materials used in the known VIP various fiber, powder or foam products are used. Suitable materials for the insulating core are thermally treated and compressed glass fibers, open-cell foam sheets based on polystyrene or polyurethane and finely dispersed powders, in particular based on silicic acids. When using silicic acids, the pore size of the framework body becomes so small that the mean free path of the gas molecules is greater than the distance between the cell walls or the pore width. In the atmospheric pressure range, for example, the free path of the air molecules is about 0.06 microns, so that in microporous core materials due to the small pore size of less than 0.5 microns, the thermal conductivity at normal pressure to 25 mW / mK can be reduced. In order to achieve even lower insulation values, additional IR absorbers or reflectors are added. The thermal conductivity of such a microporous powder core is then significantly less than 20 mW / mK.
Ein generelles Problem derzeit bekannter evakuierter Panele besteht darin, dass keine stoff- und kraftschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Füllmaterial und der gasdichten Hülle vorliegt. An sich bekannte, evakuierte Panele lassen sich deshalb als Isolierelemente in Last tragenden Strukturen nur durch weitere konstruktive Zusatzmaßnahmen, wie bspw. Last tragende Gerüste bzw. Konstruktionen, Umreifungen oder ähnliches, einsetzen. Alle derzeit bekannten VIP aus einem porösen Füllmaterial und einer gasdichten Hülle ohne stoff- und kraftschlüssige Verbindung sind an sich keine hoch belastbaren Panele.A general problem currently known evacuated panels is that there is no material and non-positive connection between the filler and the gas-tight envelope. Known, evacuated panels can therefore be used as insulating elements in load-bearing structures only by further additional design measures, such as. Load-bearing structures or structures, strapping or the like. All currently known VIP from one porous filling material and a gas-tight envelope without material and non-positive connection are not in themselves highly durable panels.
So geht beispielsweise aus der DE 102 26 188 A1 eine Verbunddämmplatte mit Vakuumdämmung, kurz VIP, wie vorstehend eingeführt, hervor, die eine zwischen zwei Deckplatten befindliche Vakuumdämmplatte vorsieht, die ihrerseits aus einem innerhalb einer gasdichten Folie umschweißten Pulverkern besteht. Zum Zusammenhalt der sandwichartig zusammengefügten Deckplatten mit dazwischen befindlicher Vakuumdämmplatte dienen mehrere Umgreifungsbänder, die längs entsprechender Vertiefungen innerhalb der Deckplatten verlaufen.Thus, for example, DE 102 26 188 A1 discloses a composite insulation panel with vacuum insulation, or VIP for short, as described above, which provides a vacuum insulation panel located between two cover panels, which in turn consists of a powder core welded inside a gas-tight film. For cohesion of the sandwiched cover plates with vacuum insulation plate therebetween serve several Umgreifungsbänder which extend along corresponding recesses within the cover plates.
Ein aktiv betreibbares Vakuumdämmsystem ist in der DE 101 14 632 A1 beschrieben, das aus einer Umhüllung, einem offenporigen Füllmaterial und einer permanent an der Umhüllung angeschlossenen Vakuumpumpe besteht, die einen innerhalb der Umhüllung vorherrschenden Gasdruck von weniger 100 mbar kontinuierlich erzeugt.An actively operable vacuum insulation system is described in DE 101 14 632 A1, which consists of an envelope, an open-pored filling material and a vacuum pump permanently connected to the envelope, which continuously generates a prevailing gas pressure of less than 100 mbar within the envelope.
Aus der EP 0 857 833 B1 ist eine Wärmeisolierungsplatte mit einem gasdichten Gehäuse entnehmbar, das ein inneres Volumen schachteiförmig umgibt. Die Seitenwände des Gehäuses sind eigenstabil, beispielsweise aus Metall oder Blech ausgebildet, um letztlich einen gegenüber dem äußeren Atmosphärendruck im Gehäuseinneren applizierten Unterdruck standzuhalten.From EP 0 857 833 B1 a heat insulating plate with a gas-tight housing can be removed, which surrounds an inner volume like a box. The side walls of the housing are intrinsically stable, for example made of metal or sheet metal, in order to ultimately withstand a vacuum applied to the outside atmospheric pressure inside the housing.
Die DE10 2005 054 805 A1 beschreibt eine Vakuumdämmplatte aus evakuierten, voneinander wasserdampf- und gasdicht getrennten Kammern, wobei die Wände bzw. die Stege der einzelnen Kammern aus einem festen Material mit möglichst großem Wasserdampf- und Gasdiffusionswiderstand bestehen.DE10 2005 054 805 A1 describes a vacuum insulation panel made of evacuated, water vapor and gas tight separate chambers, the walls or the webs of the individual chambers are made of a solid material with the greatest possible water vapor and gas diffusion resistance.
Die US 2 837 779 A zeigt ein evakuierbares Wärmeisolationselement, das aus Deckenflächenelementen, Seitenflächenelementen und einer Stützstruktur besteht. Die Deckenflächen- und Seitenflächenelemente sind miteinander verbunden und umschließen ein Innenvolumen hermetisch. Die Stützstruktur, die auf der unteren Deckenfläche aufgebracht, weist diagonale und transversale Stege auf, an deren Knotenpunkten Aussparungen vorgesehen sind, die es ermöglichen, das gesamte Vakuumelement über nur eine Öffnung zu evakuieren. Die Stützstruktur ist nicht fest mit der oberen Deckenfläche verbunden. Als Material für die Decken- und Seitenflächenelemente werden Kunststoff, Metallblech, Glas, Keramik und allgemein nicht-poröse Stoffe angegeben. Thermoplastische Kunststoffe wie Polystyren werden allerdings besonders bevorzugt, da das Fügen der Decken- und Seitenflächen durch Wärme erfolgen kann.US 2 837 779 A shows an evacuable thermal insulation element which consists of ceiling surface elements, side surface elements and a support structure. The ceiling surface and side surface elements are interconnected and hermetically enclose an internal volume. The support structure on the bottom Ceiling surface applied, has diagonal and transverse webs, at whose nodes recesses are provided, which make it possible to evacuate the entire vacuum element through only one opening. The support structure is not firmly connected to the upper ceiling surface. As the material for the ceiling and side panel elements plastic, sheet metal, glass, ceramics and generally non-porous materials are given. However, thermoplastics such as polystyrene are particularly preferred because the joining of the top and side surfaces can be done by heat.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Wärmeisolationselement, das wenigstens ein gasdichtes Volumen einschließt, in dem ein das Volumen zumindest teilweise ausfüllendes Mittel enthalten ist und in dem gegenüber einem außerhalb des Volumens vorherrschenden Außendruck ein niedrigerer Innendruck vorherrscht, derart weiterzubilden, dass bei gegenüber nicht evakuierten Dämmsystemen verbesserten Wärmedämmungseigenschaften die mechanische Belastbarkeit bzw. Trägfähigkeit gegenüber gattungsgemäßen evakuierten Wärmeisolationselementen verbessert werden soll. Die hierfür erforderlichen Maßnahmen sollen jedoch den Aspekten des Leichtbaus entsprechenThe invention is based on the object, a heat insulating element which includes at least a gas-tight volume in which a volume at least partially filling agent is contained and in which prevails over a prevailing outside the volume of external pressure, a lower internal pressure, educate in such a way that when not opposite evacuated insulation systems improved thermal insulation properties, the mechanical strength and resistance to generic evacuated heat insulation elements to be improved. However, the necessary measures should correspond to the aspects of lightweight construction
Die Lösung der der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Aufgabe ist in den Ansprüchen 1 und 6 angegeben. Überdies ist im Anspruch 14 ein lösungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Wärmeisolationselementes angegeben. Den Erfindungsgedanken vorteilhaft weiterbildende Merkmale sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche sowie der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, insbesondere unter Bezugnahme auf die Ausführungsbeispiele, entnehmbar.The solution of the problem underlying the invention is set forth in claims 1 and 6. Moreover, a solution according to the method for producing such a heat insulating element is specified in claim 14. The concept of the invention advantageously further features are the subject of the dependent claims and the following description, in particular with reference to the embodiments, removable.
Lösungsgemäß ist ein gattungsgemäßes Wärmeisolationselement in Art einer Hohlkammerplatte, die wenigstens zwei Deckflächenelemente sowie eine die Deckenflächenelemente zueinander beabstandende Stützstruktur vorsieht, bei der die Stützstruktur mit beiden Deckflächenelementen stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig derart verbunden ist, dass die Stützstruktur mit denAccording to the invention, a generic heat insulation element in the manner of a hollow chamber plate, which provides at least two cover surface elements and a supporting structure, the cover surface elements spaced from each other, in which the support structure with two cover surface elements material, force and / or positively connected such that the support structure with the
Ersatzblatt Deckflächenelementen Teilkammern umgeben, dadurch ausgebildet, dass die Hohlkammerplatte aus einem gasdurchlässigen Material besteht, dass ein aus gasdichtem Material bestehendes Hüllenelement vorgesehen ist, das zumindest die Hohlkammerplatte umgibt, dass das gasdichte Hüllenelement ein Volumen einschließt, in dem gegenüber einem außerhalb des gasdicht umschlossenen Volumens vorherrschenden Aussendruck ein niedrigerer Innendruck vorherrscht und dass die Hohlkammerplatte zumindest durch den sich durch den unterschiedlichen Innen- und Außendruck ergebenden Druckunterschied formstabil belastbar ist.replacement blade Covering surface elements surrounding the sub-chambers, characterized in that the hollow chamber plate consists of a gas-permeable material, that a gas-tight material existing envelope member is provided surrounding at least the hollow chamber plate, that the gas-tight envelope member includes a volume in which prevails over a volume outside the gas-tight enclosed volume External pressure a lower internal pressure prevails and that the hollow chamber plate is dimensionally stable loadable at least by the resulting pressure difference due to the different internal and external pressure.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform schließt das gasdichte Hüllenelement eine Hohlkammerplatte ein mit wenigstens zwei zueinander beabstandet angeordnete Deckflächenelemente, die in sich formstabil ausgebildet sind und jeweils einen Umfangsrand aufweisen, der jeweils derart mit Seitenflächenelementen verbunden ist, so dass die Deckflächenelemente und die Seitenflächenelemente ein inneres, Volumen umschließen. Nicht notwendigerweise ist die Stützstruktur stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit beiden Deckflächenelementen verbunden. Die Stützstruktur sorgt für einen definierten Abstand der beiden Deckflächenelemente. Die Stützstruktur selbst ist aus einem formstabilen Material gefertigt und vorzugsweise steg-, gitter- oder wabenförmig ausgebildet. Selbstverständlich sind auch weitere konstruktive, geometrische Ausgestaltungsformen für die Stützstruktur denkbar, sofern sie eigen- und formstabil für eine innere mechanische Abstützung für die Deckflächenelemente sowie das die Deckflächenelemente und die gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Seitenflächenelemente umgebende Hüllenelement sorgt.In an advantageous embodiment, the gas-tight casing element encloses a hollow chamber plate with at least two cover surface elements spaced apart from each other which are dimensionally stable and each have a peripheral edge respectively connected to side surface elements such that the cover surface elements and the side surface elements have an internal volume enclose. Not necessarily, the support structure is material, force and / or positively connected to two cover surface elements. The support structure ensures a defined distance between the two cover surface elements. The support structure itself is made of a dimensionally stable material and preferably web, lattice or honeycomb-shaped. Of course, other constructive, geometric embodiments of the support structure are conceivable, provided that it provides intrinsic and dimensionally stable for an internal mechanical support for the top surface elements and the surrounding the top surface elements and the optionally present side surface elements casing element.
Der Begriff „Hohlkammerplatte", kurz HKP beschreibt, wie vorstehend erwähnt im einfachsten Fall zwei durch eine Stützstruktur voneinander beabstandete Deckflächenelemente, die ihrerseits eben oder gekrümmt ausgebildet sein können und deren beliebig konturierte Umfangsränder mit Seitenflächenelementen verbunden sein können. Eine besonders hoch belastbare HKP liegt dann vor, wenn die im Inneren vorgesehene Stützstruktur sowie vorzugsweise auch die Seitenflächenelemente stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit den Deckflächenelementen verbunden sind. Zwar ist es auch möglich, die Stützstruktur ohne Verbindung mit den Deckflächenelementen vorzusehen, jedoch ist in diesem Fall die mechanische Belastbarkeit einer derart ausgebildeten HKP deutlich geringer als im Falle eines Stoff-, Kraft- und/oder Formschlusses zum jeweiligen Deckflächenelement.As mentioned above, the term "hollow chamber plate", HKP for short, describes in the simplest case two cover surface elements which are spaced apart from each other by a support structure and which can be planar or curved and whose arbitrarily contoured peripheral edges can be connected to side surface elements when, provided in the interior support structure and preferably also the side surface elements material, force and / or positive fit with the Cover surface elements are connected. Although it is also possible to provide the support structure without connection to the cover surface elements, but in this case the mechanical strength of such trained HKP is significantly lower than in the case of a material, force and / or positive connection to the respective cover surface element.
Grundsätzlich ist es denkbar, sämtliche Komponenten der Hohlkammerplatte aus einem einheitlichen Material zu fertigen. So bieten sich hierfür beispielsweise Polymere, Keramiken, Gläser, Papier oder Metalle an. Jedoch kann die Stützstruktur auch aus einem anderen Material gefertigt sein als die Deckflächenelemente. Besonders bevorzugt sollte die Stützstruktur der HKP aus einem Material mit niedriger Wärmeleitung bestehen, um möglichst optimaleIn principle, it is conceivable to manufacture all the components of the hollow panel from a uniform material. For example, polymers, ceramics, glasses, paper or metals are suitable for this purpose. However, the support structure may also be made of a different material than the cover surface elements. Particularly preferably, the support structure of the HKP should consist of a material with low heat conduction in order to optimize the optimum
Wärmedämmungseigenschaften zu erzielen. Bei Verwendung von extrudierbaren Materialien, vorzugsweise thermoplastische Kunststoffen, können sämtliche Komponenten der HKP im Wege eines Extrusionsvorganges hergestellt werden. Auch ist es denkbar, im Wege der Coextrusion mehrere extrudierbare Materialarten, beispielsweise mehrere Polymerarten, zu verwenden, um beispielsweise die Deckflächenelemente und die Stützstruktur sowie die Seitenflächenelemente aus unterschiedlichen Polymermaterialien zu fertigen. Um den Masseanteil zumindest der Stützstruktur möglichst gering zu halten und damit verbunden die über die Stützstruktur und gegebenenfalls die Seitenflächenelemente auftretende Wärmeleitung möglichst zu reduzieren, bietet es sich auch aus Gründen erhöhter Druckstabilität an, die Stützstruktur sowie die Seitenflächenelemente mit senkrecht zu den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Raumformen, beispielsweise in Form von Stegwänden, vorzugsweise im Verbund einer Wabenstruktur, auszubilden. Die Stützstruktur muss dabei die Hohlkammerplatte im evakuierten Zustand unter dem äußeren Atmosphährendruck stabil halten.To achieve thermal insulation properties. When using extrudable materials, preferably thermoplastics, all components of the HKP can be produced by means of an extrusion process. It is also conceivable, by way of coextrusion, to use a plurality of extrudable types of material, for example a plurality of types of polymers, in order, for example, to produce the cover surface elements and the support structure and the side surface elements from different polymer materials. In order to keep the mass fraction of at least the support structure as low as possible and to reduce as much as possible the heat conduction occurring via the support structure and optionally the side surface elements, it is also suitable for reasons of increased pressure stability, the support structure and the side surface elements with perpendicular to the cover surface elements oriented spatial forms, for example in the form of web walls, preferably in the composite of a honeycomb structure form. The support structure must keep the hollow chamber plate in the evacuated state under the external atmospheric pressure stable.
Um ein Durchdringen von Wärmestrahlung durch eine lösungsgemäß ausgebildete Hohlkammerplatte weiter zu reduzieren, empfiehlt es sich, die Außenseiten der Deckflächenelemente der Hohlkammerplatte, mit einer IR-absorbierenden Decklage oder -schicht zu versehen. Alternativ bietet es sich an, die Deckflächenelemente der Hohlkammerplatte selbst aus einem Infrarot-absorbierenden Material herzustellen. So lassen sich bspw. die Deckflächenelemente im Wege der Coextrusion aus mehreren Schichten mit unterschiedlichen Polymermaterialien herstellen, wobei die jeweils außen liegende Materialschicht vorzugsweise aus einer entsprechenden IR- absorbierenden Polymerzusammensetzung gewählt sein sollte.In order to further reduce the penetration of thermal radiation through a hollow chamber plate formed in accordance with the invention, it is recommended to provide the outer sides of the cover surface elements of the hollow chamber plate with an IR-absorbing cover layer or layer. Alternatively, it is advisable, the top surface elements of the Hollow panel itself made of an infrared-absorbing material. Thus, for example, the cover surface elements can be produced by coextrusion from a plurality of layers with different polymer materials, wherein the respective outer material layer should preferably be selected from a corresponding IR-absorbing polymer composition.
Da das Material, aus dem die HKP gefertigt ist, d.h. die Deckflächenelemente sowie die innen liegende Stützstruktur und gegebenenfalls die Seitenflächenelemente, keine gasdichten Eigenschaften besitzen gilt es jedoch Vorsorge zu treffen, dass das innen liegende Volumen der HKP gegenüber äußeren Atmosphärenbedingungen gasdicht abgedichtet ist. So wird die HKP im Ganzen mit einem gasdichten Hüllenelement umgebend, das vorzugsweise stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit den Deckflächenelementen verbunden ist und auf diese Weise die HKP ganzheitlich umgibt. Das gasdichte Hüllenelement kann beispielsweise aus einer Blechlage, einer faserverstärkten, insbesondere Kohlenstofffaser verstärkten Kunststoffschicht und/oder aus einer gasdichten Barrierefolie bestehen.Since the material from which the HKP is made, i. However, the cover surface elements and the inner support structure and optionally the side surface elements, do not have gas-tight properties, however, it is necessary to take precautions that the internal volume of the HKP is sealed against external atmospheric conditions gas-tight. Thus, the HKP as a whole is surrounded with a gas-tight casing element, which is preferably material, force and / or positively connected to the cover surface elements and in this way surrounds the HKP holistically. The gas-tight envelope element may for example consist of a sheet-metal layer, a fiber-reinforced, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer and / or a gas-tight barrier film.
Auch ist es denkbar, die lösungsgemäß ausgebildete HKP derart auszuführen, dass die Stützstruktur beispielsweise in Form einer Wabenstruktur bzw. Honeycom- Struktur mit den beiden Deckflächenelementen eine Vielzahl wabenförmiger Einzelvolumina einschließt, die jeweils innwandig mit einer gasdichten Barriereschicht als Hüllenelement ausgekleidet sind. Dies kann bspw. im Falle einer Stützstruktur aus Stegen im Wege der Coextrusion realisiert werden. Hierdurch läßt sich eine Vielzahl getrennt voneinander unabhängige Einzelvolumina herstellen, die innerhalb der HKP ihre Funktion als wärmeisolierende Einzellvolumina unabhängig voneinander erfüllen, selbst im Falle, wenn durch äußere Beschädigung ein oder mehrere Teilvolumina im Wege lokaler Leckagenbildung beschädigt werden. Alternativ ist es gleichsam möglich in die Einzelvolumina modulartig ausgebildete, evakuierte Hüllenelementeinsätze einzubringen. Auf Basis des lösungsgemäßen Konzeptes zur Realisierung leicht bauender und hoch effizienter HKP mit optimierten Wärmeisolationseigenschaften lässt sich eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher diesbezüglicher Ausführungsformen realisieren.It is also conceivable to carry out the HKP formed in accordance with the solution in such a way that the support structure, for example in the form of a honeycomb structure or honeycomb structure, encloses a multiplicity of honeycomb-shaped individual volumes with the two cover surface elements, each of which is lined with a gas-tight barrier layer as a shell element. This can be realized, for example, in the case of a support structure made of webs by way of coextrusion. As a result, a large number of separate volumes independent of each other can be produced, which fulfill their function as heat-insulating Einzellvolumina independently within the HKP, even in the case when damage by external damage one or more sub-volumes in the way of local leakage. Alternatively, it is equally possible to introduce module-like, evacuated shell element inserts into the individual volumes. On the basis of the solution according to the concept for the realization of easy-to-build and highly efficient HVAC with optimized thermal insulation properties, a variety of different embodiments relating to this can be realized.
In einem einfachen Fall besteht das lösungsgemäße Wärmeisolationselement aus zwei durch eine Stützstruktur voneinander beabstandeten Deckflächenelementen, die ihrerseits, gleichsam wie die Stützstruktur, aus einem nicht gasdichten Material bestehen. Die beiden Deckflächenelemente werden gemeinsam mit der dazwischen liegenden Stützstruktur von einem gasdichten Hüllenelement umgeben, dessen umspanntes Volumen nach entsprechender Fertigung und Anordnung um die Deckflächenelemente und Stützstruktur mit Hilfe einer geeigneten Vakuumpumpe evakuiert wird. In diesem Falle ist es nicht notwendigerweise erforderlich, dass eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen der gasdichten Hülle und den umhüllten Deckflächenelementen vorzusehen ist, zumal sich das gasdichte Hüllenelement im Wege des herrschenden Druckunterschiedes an die Außenkontur der Deckflächenelemente anschmiegt.In a simple case, the thermal insulation element according to the invention consists of two cover surface elements which are spaced apart from each other by a support structure and, in turn, like the support structure, consist of a non-gas-tight material. The two cover surface elements are surrounded together with the support structure therebetween by a gas-tight casing element, the spanned volume of which is evacuated after appropriate fabrication and arrangement around the cover surface elements and supporting structure by means of a suitable vacuum pump. In this case, it is not necessarily required that a cohesive connection between the gas-tight envelope and the coated cover surface elements is to be provided, especially as the gas-tight envelope element conforms to the outer contour of the cover surface elements in the way of the prevailing pressure difference.
Insbesondere eine aus Blech ausgebildete Hülle, die über eine stoff- und/oder kraftschlüssige Verbindung mit der HKP verbunden ist, ermöglicht die Realisierung von sehr belastbaren, hochwärmeisolierenden und zugleich sehr leicht bauenden Panelen, die sich darüber hinaus auch durch erhebliche Materialeinsparungen bei der Herstellung auszeichnen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die lösungsgemäßen evakuierten HKP einfach herstellen, so beispielsweise bei Verwendung von extrudierbaren Kunststoffmaterialien im Wege gängiger Extrusionsverfahren, die technologisch ausgereift und für die industrielle Herstellung sehr gut geeignet ist. Das zusätzliche Verbinden mechanisch stabiler und tragfähiger Zusatzumhüllungen, beispielsweise Blechlagen um die entsprechenden Deckflächenelemente der HKP kann unmittelbar im Anschluss an die Extrusion der Hohlkammerpanele erfolgen.In particular, a shell formed of sheet metal, which is connected via a material and / or non-positive connection with the HKP, allows the realization of very durable, highly heat-insulating and at the same time very easy to build panels, which are also characterized by significant material savings in the production , In addition, the solution according to the invention evacuated HKP can be easily prepared, for example, when using extrudable plastic materials by way of common extrusion process, which is technologically mature and very well suited for industrial production. The additional joining mechanically stable and sustainable Zusatzumhüllungen, for example, sheet metal layers to the corresponding top surface elements of the HKP can be done immediately after the extrusion of the hollow panel.
Grundsätzlich lassen sich die lösungsgemäß ausgebildeten HKP in Verbindung mit mechanisch stabilisierenden gasdichten Umhüllungen überall dort einsetzen, wo bereits konventionelle Vakuumisolationspanelen zum Einsatz kommen. Von besonderem Interesse sind jedoch Einsatzgebiete, in denen es auf Leichtbau mit hoch belastbaren Strukturen bei gleichzeitiger hoher Wärmeisolierung ankommt. Diese sind vorzugsweise Kühlhäuser, Isoliercontainer, Schiffsstrukturen, wie beispielsweise Schiffsrumpfwände, Isolierbehälter, wie beispielsweise Warmwasserspeicher, Reaktorwände etc., Luft- und Raumfahrtstrukturen, wie beispielsweise Rumpfstrukturen und Bodenpanele bei Flugzeugen, um nur einige Anwendungsgebiete zu nennen.In principle, the HKP formed in accordance with the solution can be used in conjunction with mechanically stabilizing gas-tight enclosures wherever conventional vacuum insulation panels are already used. From However, special areas of application are those in which lightweight construction with highly resilient structures and simultaneously high thermal insulation are important. These are preferably cold stores, insulated containers, ship structures such as ship hull walls, insulated containers such as hot water tanks, reactor walls, etc., aerospace structures such as fuselage structures and aircraft floor panels, to name just a few applications.
Kurze Beschreibung der ErfindungBrief description of the invention
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend ohne Beschränkung des allgemeinen Erfindungsgedankens anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen exemplarisch beschrieben. Es zeigen:The invention will now be described by way of example without limitation of the general inventive idea by means of embodiments with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eben ausgebildete evakuierte Hohlkammerplatte mit geraden, senkrecht zu den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Zwischenstegen als Stützstruktur,1 newly formed evacuated hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented intermediate webs as a support structure,
Fig. 2 eben ausgebildete Hohlkammerplatte mit geraden, senkrecht auf den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Rechteckwaben als Stützstruktur,2 just formed hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented rectangular honeycomb as a support structure,
Fig. 3 gewölbte Hohlkammerplatte mit geraden, senkrecht zu den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Stegen als Stützstruktur,3 arched hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented webs as a support structure,
Fig. 4 gewellte Hohlkammerplatte mit geraden, senkrecht auf den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Stegen als Stützstruktur,4 corrugated hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented webs as a support structure,
Fig. 5 eben ausgebildete Hohlkammerplatte mit geraden, senkrecht auf den Deckflächenelementen orientierten Stegen als Stützstruktur mit auf den Deckflächenelementen aufgebrachten Blechen sowieFig. 5 just trained hollow chamber plate with straight, perpendicular to the top surface elements oriented webs as a support structure with applied to the top surface elements sheets and
Fig. 6 Verbindung zweier ebener Wärmeisolationselemente gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 5. Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche Verwendbarkeit6 connection of two planar heat insulation elements according to the embodiment in Fig. 5th Ways to carry out the invention, industrial usability
In Fig. 1 ist die einfachste Ausführungsform einer lösungsgemäß ausgebildeten Hohlkammerplatte, HKP dargestellt, die von zwei gegenüber liegenden, jeweils rechteckförmig ausgebildeten planen Deckflächenelementen 1 , 2 begrenzt ist, die seitlich von Seitenflächenelementen 3, 4, 5, 6 umgeben sind und zusammen mit den Deckflächenelementen ein innen liegendes Volumen einschließen. Im Inneren sind stegartig ausgebildete Stützstrukturen 7 vorgesehen, die jeweils beidseitig mit den Deckflächenelementen 1 , 2 eine Stoff-, Kraft- und/oder Formschlussverbindung eingehen. Die gesamte HKP umhüllt eng anliegend eine nicht weiter dargestellte folien- oder blechartig gasdicht ausgebildete Umhüllung. Auf diese Weise kann gewährleistet werden, dass bei Evakuieren des innen liegenden Volumens die Deckflächenelemente 1 , 2 einen konstanten Abstand d zueinander dauerhaft bewahren, trotz des vorherrschenden Druckunterschiedes zwischen den atmosphärischen Außendruckbedingungen und den im Inneren des Volumens herrschenden Unterdruckes.In Fig. 1, the simplest embodiment of a solution according trained hollow chamber plate, HKP is shown, which is bounded by two opposite, each rectangular-shaped plan surface elements 1, 2, which are laterally surrounded by side surface elements 3, 4, 5, 6 and together with the Cover surface elements include an internal volume. In the interior, web-like support structures 7 are provided, each of which forms a material, force and / or positive connection on both sides with the cover surface elements 1, 2. The entire HKP tightly encases a not shown foil or sheet-like gas-tight envelope formed. In this way it can be ensured that when evacuating the internal volume, the cover surface elements 1, 2 permanently maintain a constant distance d to each other, despite the prevailing pressure difference between the atmospheric external pressure conditions and the pressure prevailing inside the volume negative pressure.
Zur Verbesserung der Flächenstabilität ist im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 2 die innen liegende Stützstruktur 7 durch eine gitterförmige, jeweils durch orthogonal sich gegenseitig durchdringende Stege verlaufende Stützstruktur 7 gebildet. Hierbei schließen die einzelnen Untervolumina 8, die jeweils durch die Stegseitenwände eingeschlossen werden, eigenständige und gegenseitig abgeschlossene Teilvolumina dar. Innerhalb der Teilvolumina 8 sind stoff- und/kraftschlüssig mit den Innenwänden jeweils eine gasdichte Hülle verbunden, sodass die einzelnen Teilvolumina 8 einzeln evakuierbar sind.In order to improve the surface stability, in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the inner support structure 7 is formed by a grid-shaped support structure 7 extending in each case through orthogonal intersecting webs. In this case, the individual sub-volumes 8, which are each enclosed by the web side walls, form independent and mutually enclosed sub-volumes. Within the sub-volumes 8, a gas-tight envelope is materially and / or force-lockingly connected to the inner walls so that the individual sub-volumes 8 can be evacuated individually.
Eine weitere alternative Ausführungsvariante für eine HKP ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt, die gekrümmt ausgebildete Deckflächenelemente 1 , 2 vorsieht, mit vergleichbar zum Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 geradlinig stegartig, verlaufenden inneren Stützstegen 7. In Fig. 4 sind die Deckflächenelemente 1 , 2 jeweils gewellt ausgebildet. Selbstverständlich sind weitere Freiformflächen denkbar, die von den Deckflächenelementen angenommen werden können. Wesentlicher Gesichtspunkt ist jedoch die innere Abstützung der Deckflächenelemente mittels einer Stützstruktur 7, die vorzugsweise im Inneren mit den jeweiligen Deckflächenelementen 1 , 2 eine Stoff-, Kraft- und/oder Formschlussverbindung eingeht.A further alternative embodiment for a HKP is shown in Fig. 3, the curved formed cover surface elements 1, 2 provides, with comparable to the embodiment of FIG. 1 straight web-like, extending inner support webs 7. In Fig. 4, the cover surface elements 1, 2 respectively formed wavy. Of course, further free-form surfaces are conceivable that of the Deck surface elements can be assumed. However, an essential aspect is the inner support of the cover surface elements by means of a support structure 7, which preferably enters into a material, force and / or positive connection in the interior with the respective cover surface elements 1, 2.
Durch die Verwendung eines nicht gasdichten Materials zur Herstellung der Deckflächenelemente 1 , 2 sowie der Seitenflächenelemente 3 bis 6 müssen zur Realisierung eines innen liegenden, evakuierten Volumens ein zusätzliches gasdichtes Hüllenelement vorgesehen werden. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Realisierung eines gasdichten Hüllenelementes ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt, in der eine HPK, bestehend aus zwei Deckflächenelementen 1 , 2 mit zwischen liegenden, geradlinig verlaufenden Stegen als Stützstruktur 7, dargestellt ist. Stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig mit der Außenseite des jeweiligen Deckflächenelementes 1 , 2 verbunden ist ein gasdichtes Hüllenelement, beispielsweise mit einer Deckfläche in Form einer Blechschicht 9 - die für die Gasdichtheit ebenfalls erforderlichen gasdichten Seitenflächen und deren gasdichte Verbindung mit den Deckflächen ist in der Figur nicht dargestellt - vorgesehen, die neben der Gasdichtheit auch eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Belastbarkeit zu realisieren vermag. Als weitere Materialien für die die HKP umgebenden Hülle kommen neben Blechen, wie beispielsweise Stahl oder Aluminium, auch Organobleche in Frage, beispielsweise glasfaserverstärkte oder kohlenstofffaserverstärkte Laminate in Betracht. Als Fügetechnik der zusätzlichen Bleche 9 an die Außenseiten der Deckflächenelemente 1 , 2 bieten sich gängige Klebe- oder Schweißtechniken an. Die Gasdichtheit der hierbei verwendeten Bleche kann entweder durch die Bleche selbst oder durch eine stoff- und/oder kraftschlüssige, mit der Hohlkammerplatte und dem Blech verbundene Barriereschicht erzielt werden. So kann beispielsweise die Gasdichtheit bei kohlenfaserverstärkten Laminaten durch ein in das Laminat einlaminiertes Aluminium- oder Titanblech erzielt werden. An den Seitenflächen der HKP wird die Gasdichtheit z.B. durch Vorsehen entsprechender Barrierefolien (nicht in Figur 5 dargestellt) erreicht, die mit den Deckflächen gasdicht verbunden sind. Sowohl für die innen liegende Stützstruktur 7 als auch für die seitlich, das innen liegende Volumen umgrenzenden Seitenflächenelemente 3 bis 6 kommen Materialien mit möglichst niedrigen Wärmeleitungseigenschaften in Betracht, vorzugsweise Kunststoffe, die besonders effizient im Wege der Extrusionstechnik hergestellt bzw. geformt werden können. Insbesondere die Coextrusionstechnik ermöglicht die Verarbeitung von mehreren unterschiedlichen Kunststoffmaterialien, so können beispielsweise Deckflächenelemente aus einem hinreichend steifen und festen Kunststoff gefertigt werden, wohingegen die Stützstruktur aus einem anderen, z.B. mit Füllstoffen für eine verringerte Wärmeleitung gefüllten Kunststoffen hergestellt werden können. Mit Hilfe der Coextrusionstechnik ist es zudem auch möglich, gasdichte Schichten oder Beläge im Inneren der einzelnen, durch die Stützstruktur gebildeten Teilkammern 8 aufzubringen. So ist es in diesem Zusammenhang beispielsweise möglich, die HKP an sich aus nicht notwendigerweise gasdichtem Material zu fertigen, wobei jeweils die von der Stützstruktur gemeinsam mit den jeweiligen Deckflächenelementen begrenzten innen liegenden Teilvolumina 8 mit einer gasdichten Barriereschicht ausgekleidet werden. Der Vorteil einer derartigen Ausführungsform besteht darin, dass im Falle eines Lecks nur ein Teilverlust der hohen Isolationswirkung auftritt, da die nicht von der Leckage betroffenen Teilkammern weiter evakuiert bleiben und somit die Wärme höchst effizient zu isolieren vermögen.By using a non-gas-tight material for producing the cover surface elements 1, 2 and the side surface elements 3 to 6, an additional gas-tight covering element must be provided to realize an internal, evacuated volume. A further possibility for the realization of a gas-tight envelope element is shown in FIG. 5, in which a HPK, consisting of two cover surface elements 1, 2 with intermediate, rectilinear webs as support structure 7, is shown. Material, force and / or positively connected to the outside of the respective cover surface element 1, 2 is a gas-tight envelope member, for example with a top surface in the form of a sheet metal layer 9 - which is also required for the gas-tightness gas-tight side surfaces and their gas-tight connection with the top surfaces not shown in the figure - provided, which is able to realize in addition to the gas-tightness and an improvement in mechanical strength. As further materials for the envelope surrounding the HKP, in addition to sheets, such as steel or aluminum, also organic sheets in question, for example, glass fiber reinforced or carbon fiber reinforced laminates into consideration. As a joining technique of the additional sheets 9 to the outer sides of the cover surface elements 1, 2, there are common bonding or welding techniques. The gas-tightness of the sheets used in this case can be achieved either by the sheets themselves or by a material and / or non-positive, connected to the hollow chamber plate and the sheet barrier layer. For example, gas tightness in carbon fiber reinforced laminates can be achieved by laminating aluminum or titanium sheet laminated into the laminate. On the side surfaces of the HKP, the gas-tightness is achieved, for example, by providing corresponding barrier films (not shown in FIG. 5) which are gas-tightly connected to the cover surfaces. Both for the inner support structure 7 and for the laterally, the inner volume bounding side surface elements 3 to 6 are materials with the lowest possible heat conduction properties into consideration, preferably plastics that can be particularly efficiently produced by extrusion technology or molded. In particular, the coextrusion technique allows the processing of several different plastic materials, so for example cover surface elements can be made of a sufficiently rigid and solid plastic, whereas the support structure can be made of another, for example filled with fillers for reduced heat conduction plastics. With the aid of coextrusion technology, it is also possible to apply gas-tight layers or coverings in the interior of the individual sub-chambers 8 formed by the support structure. Thus, in this context, it is possible, for example, to produce the HKP per se from not necessarily gas-tight material, wherein in each case the partial volumes 8 bounded by the support structure together with the respective cover surface elements are lined with a gas-tight barrier layer. The advantage of such an embodiment is that only a partial loss of the high insulating effect occurs in the case of a leak, since the not affected by the leakage sub-chambers remain evacuated and thus able to isolate the heat most efficient.
Durch geeignete Wahl von Kunststoffmaterialien lassen sich HKP für eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Anwendungsfällen individuell herstellen. Materialbeispiele für derartige HKP sind beispielsweise Polypropylen (PP), Polyamid (PA) oder Poyetheretherketon (PEEK).By a suitable choice of plastic materials HKP can be manufactured individually for a variety of different applications. Material examples of such HKP are, for example, polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) or polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
Grundsätzlich ist jedoch bei der Verwendung von Kunststoffen darauf zu achten, dass lediglich Materialien verwendet werden, bei denen keine bzw. nur zu vernachlässigende Ausgasungen erfolgen, um die wärmeisolierende Wirkung des eingeschlossenen Vakuums nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Aus den lösungsgemäß ausgebildeten Wärmeisolationselementen können hoch belastbare Strukturen durch stoff- und kraftschlüssiges Verbinden einzelner Wärmeisolationselemente hergestellt werden. In Fig. 6 ist hierbei ein Querschnitt durch zwei nebeneinander liegenden Wärmeisolationselementen 10, 11 dargestellt, die ihrerseits an den Blechen 13, welche die die einzelnen Wärmeisolationselemente 10, 11 stützenden Hohlkammerplatten seitlich überragen, verbunden sind. Die sich stirnseitig gegenüberliegenden Stoßkanten der Bleche 13 beider benachbarter Wärmeisolationselemente 10, 11 können im Wege an sich bekannter Fügetechniken, z.B. Schweißen, gasdicht miteinander verbunden werden. Der hierdurch entstandene Zwischenraum 14 zwischen beiden Wärmeisolationselementen 10, 11 kann nach Verbinden der überstehenden Blechbereiche entsprechend evakuiert oder, um eine hohe Stabilität zu erreichen, mit einem Last tragenden Füllmaterial, z.B. einem Schaum, verfüllt werden. In principle, however, when using plastics, it must be ensured that only materials are used in which no or only negligible outgassing takes place so as not to impair the heat-insulating effect of the enclosed vacuum. From the solution formed according to heat insulation elements highly resilient structures can be produced by material and non-positive connection of individual heat insulation elements. In Fig. 6 here is a cross section through two adjacent heat insulating elements 10, 11 shown, which in turn are connected to the sheets 13, which protrude laterally beyond the individual heat insulating elements 10, 11 supporting hollow-core panels. The frontally opposite abutting edges of the sheets 13 of both adjacent heat insulating elements 10, 11 can be connected to each other in a gastight manner by means of known joining techniques, such as welding. The resulting gap 14 between the two heat insulating elements 10, 11 can be evacuated after connecting the protruding sheet metal areas accordingly, or, in order to achieve high stability, with a load-bearing filling material, such as a foam, are filled.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
,2 Deckflächenelemente ,4,5,6 Seitenwandflächen, 2 deck panels, 4.5.6 side panels
Stützstruktursupport structure
Teilvolumenpartial volume
Blechschicht 0,11 Wärmeisolationselement 3 Blechschicht 4 Zwischenraum Sheet metal layer 0.11 Heat insulation element 3 Sheet metal layer 4 Interspace

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Wärmeisolationselement in Art einer Hohlkammerplatte, die wenigstens zwei Deckflächenelemente sowie eine die Deckenflächenelemente zueinander beabstandende Stützstruktur vorsieht, bei der die Stützstruktur mit beiden Deckflächenelementen stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig derart verbunden ist, dass die Stützstruktur mit den Deckflächenelementen Teilkammern umgeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet,1. heat insulation element in the manner of a hollow chamber plate, which provides at least two cover surface elements and the ceiling surface elements spaced supporting structure in which the support structure with two cover surface elements material, force and / or positively connected such that the support structure surrounded with the cover surface elements sub-chambers, characterized,
- dass die Hohlkammerplatte aus einem gasdurchlässigen Material besteht,- That the hollow chamber plate consists of a gas-permeable material,
- dass ein aus gasdichtem Material bestehendes Hüllenelement vorgesehen ist, das zumindest die Hohlkammerplatte umgibt,that a shell element consisting of gas-tight material is provided, which surrounds at least the hollow-chamber plate,
- dass das gasdichte Hüllenelement ein Volumen einschließt, in dem gegenüber einem außerhalb des gasdicht umschlossenen Volumens vorherrschenden Aussendruck ein niedrigerer Innendruck vorherrscht und- That the gas-tight envelope member includes a volume in which prevails over a prevailing external to the gas-tight volume enclosed external pressure, a lower internal pressure and
- dass die Hohlkammerplatte zumindest durch den sich durch den unterschiedlichen Innen- und Außendruck ergebenden Druckunterschied formstabil belastbar ist.- That the hollow chamber plate is dimensionally stable loadable at least by the pressure difference resulting from the different internal and external pressure.
2. Wärmeisolationselement nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützstruktur steg-, gitter- oder wabenförmig ausgebildet ist.2. Heat insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure is web, lattice or honeycomb-shaped.
3. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckflächenelemente gleichförmig und gleichgroß ausgebildet und sich gegenseitig vollständig überlappend angeordnet sind, und dass die Stützstruktur zwischen den Deckflächenelementen mit einer orthogonalen Erstreckung zu den Deckflächenelementen ausgebildet und angeordnet ist. 3. Heat insulating element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover surface elements are uniform and of equal size and mutually completely overlapping, and that the support structure is formed and arranged between the cover surface elements with an orthogonal extent to the cover surface elements.
4. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckflächenelemente plan oder gekrümmt ausgebildet sind.4. Heat insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover surface elements are flat or curved.
5. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hüllenelement eine Blechschicht oder eine faserverstärkte, insbesondere Kohlenstofffaser verstärkte Kunststoffschicht ist.5. Heat insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casing element is a sheet metal layer or a fiber-reinforced, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic layer.
6. Wärmeisolationselement in Art einer Hohlkammerplatte, die wenigstens zwei Deckflächenelemente sowie eine die Deckenflächenelemente zueinander beabstandende Stützstruktur vorsieht, bei der die Stützstruktur mit beiden Deckflächenelementen stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig derart verbunden ist, dass die Stützstruktur mit den Deckflächenelementen Teilkammern umgeben, dadurch gekennzeichnet,6. heat insulation element in the manner of a hollow chamber plate, which provides at least two cover surface elements and a ceiling surface elements spaced support structure in which the support structure with two cover surface elements material, force and / or positively connected such that the support structure surrounded with the cover surface elements sub-chambers, characterized,
- dass die Hohlkammerplatte aus einem gasdurchlässigen Material besteht,- That the hollow chamber plate consists of a gas-permeable material,
- dass in den Teilkammern jeweils ein aus gasdichten Material bestehendes Hüllenelement vorgesehen ist, das zumindest bereichsweise stoff-, kraft- und/oder formschlüssig zumindest mit der Stützstruktur verbunden ist und jeweils ein Volumen umschließt, in dem gegenüber einem außerhalb des jeweils gasdicht umschlossenen Volumens vorherrschenden Aussendruck ein niedrigerer Innendruck vorherrscht und- That in the sub-chambers in each case a gas-tight material existing envelope member is provided, which is at least partially material, force and / or positively connected at least with the support structure and each enclosing a volume in which prevails over one outside the respective gas-tight enclosed volume External pressure a lower internal pressure prevails and
- dass die Hohlkammerplatte zumindest durch den sich durch den unterschiedlichen Innen- und Außendruck ergebenden Druckunterschied formstabil belastbar ist.- That the hollow chamber plate is dimensionally stable loadable at least by the pressure difference resulting from the different internal and external pressure.
7. Wärmeisolationselement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützstruktur steg-, gitter- oder wabenförmig ausgebildet ist. 7. heat insulation element according to claim 6, characterized in that the support structure web, lattice or honeycomb-shaped.
8. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckflächenelemente gleichförmig und gleichgroß ausgebildet und sich gegenseitig vollständig überlappend angeordnet sind, und dass die Stützstruktur zwischen den Deckflächenelementen mit einer orthogonalen Erstreckung zu den Deckflächenelementen ausgebildet und angeordnet ist.8. A heat insulating member according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the cover surface elements are uniform and of equal size and mutually completely overlapping, and that the support structure is formed and arranged between the cover surface elements with an orthogonal extent to the cover surface elements.
9. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckflächenelemente plan oder gekrümmt ausgebildet sind.9. heat insulation element according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the cover surface elements are flat or curved.
10. Wärmeisolationselement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hüllenelement als gasdichte Barrierenschicht oder als gasdichte Barrierenfolie ausgebildet ist.10. Heat insulating element according to claim 6, characterized in that the casing element is designed as a gas-tight barrier layer or as a gas-tight barrier film.
11. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hüllenelement, die Deckflächenelemente und/oder die Stützstruktur im Wege eines Kunststoffextrusionsvorganges herstellbar ist bzw. sind.11. Heat insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the casing element, the cover surface elements and / or the support structure in the way of a plastic extrusion process can be produced or are.
12. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hüllenelement, die Deckflächenelemente und/oder die Stützstruktur aus Polymer, Keramik, Glas, Papier oder Metall besteht.12. Heat insulating element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the casing element, the cover surface elements and / or the support structure made of polymer, ceramic, glass, paper or metal.
13. Wärmeisolationselement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Deckflächenelemente jeweils eine dem Volumen abgewandte Oberfläche aufweisen, und dass an wenigstens einem Oberflächenbereich wenigstens eines Deckflächenelementes eine IR-Strahlen absorbierende Schicht aufgebracht ist. 13. Heat insulation element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the cover surface elements each have a surface facing away from the volume, and that at least one surface region of at least one cover surface element, an IR radiation absorbing layer is applied.
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeisolationselementes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeisolationselement mittels eines Kunststoffextrusionsverfahrens hergestellt wird.14. A method for producing a heat insulating member according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the heat insulating member is produced by means of a plastic extrusion process.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei das Wärmeisolationselement ein gasdichtes Hüllenelement aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hüllenelement und die Stützstruktur im Wege eines Coextrusionsvorganges hergestellt werden, bei dem das Hüllenelement und die Stützstruktur aus unterschiedlichen extrudierbaren Materialien bestehen. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the heat insulating member comprises a gas-tight casing member, characterized in that the casing member and the support structure are produced by means of a coextrusion process in which the casing member and the support structure made of different extrudable materials.
PCT/DE2008/000599 2008-04-09 2008-04-09 Heat insulation element and method for the production thereof WO2009124516A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015220447A1 (en) 2015-10-20 2017-04-20 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg structural component

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2629171A1 (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-01-12 Siegfried Rodrian Heat and sound insulating panel - has curved and evacuated hollow bodies assembled to form flat units housed in bedding mass.
DE19906774A1 (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-24 Gerhard Klaus Hering Heat insulation element comprises a honeycomb structure (1) which is under vacuum, and is surrounded on all sides with a cover (3) impermeable to gases
DE202006013338U1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2006-10-19 NIEMÖLLER, Gerhard Vacuum insulating panel used as sound insulating panels comprises an evacuated core having a number of chambers formed by regularly arranged walls extending at right angles to covering layers
WO2007147885A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Vacuum insulation panels for aircraft interiors
EP1916465A1 (en) * 2006-10-26 2008-04-30 Vestel Beyaz Esya Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Vacuumed heat barrier

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2629171A1 (en) * 1976-06-29 1978-01-12 Siegfried Rodrian Heat and sound insulating panel - has curved and evacuated hollow bodies assembled to form flat units housed in bedding mass.
DE19906774A1 (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-24 Gerhard Klaus Hering Heat insulation element comprises a honeycomb structure (1) which is under vacuum, and is surrounded on all sides with a cover (3) impermeable to gases
WO2007147885A1 (en) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Vacuum insulation panels for aircraft interiors
DE202006013338U1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2006-10-19 NIEMÖLLER, Gerhard Vacuum insulating panel used as sound insulating panels comprises an evacuated core having a number of chambers formed by regularly arranged walls extending at right angles to covering layers
EP1916465A1 (en) * 2006-10-26 2008-04-30 Vestel Beyaz Esya Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Vacuumed heat barrier

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015220447A1 (en) 2015-10-20 2017-04-20 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg structural component

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