WO2009117781A1 - Extraction et récupération de gaz - Google Patents

Extraction et récupération de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009117781A1
WO2009117781A1 PCT/AU2009/000376 AU2009000376W WO2009117781A1 WO 2009117781 A1 WO2009117781 A1 WO 2009117781A1 AU 2009000376 W AU2009000376 W AU 2009000376W WO 2009117781 A1 WO2009117781 A1 WO 2009117781A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
gases
gas
carbon dioxide
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2009/000376
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Davies
Brett Turner
Original Assignee
Intex Holdings Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2008901543A external-priority patent/AU2008901543A0/en
Application filed by Intex Holdings Pty Ltd filed Critical Intex Holdings Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2009117781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009117781A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0036—Flash degasification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0073—Degasification of liquids by a method not covered by groups B01D19/0005 - B01D19/0042
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention has particular application to a method and also an apparatus for extraction of carbon dioxide from flue gases or exhaust gases but is not intended to be limited in its broadest concept to either this gas as such or to the source of gases from which extraction is to be effected.
  • This technique has particular advantage in that it can be used in a way that allows for its application to a gas stream which may in some cases then allow for ongoing continuous processing. Further it has advantage in that it can used in several ways at least that will keep back pressure to an incoming gas stream being excessive in the circumstances. This is particularly the case where gas stream is originating from an exhaust outlet of some internal combustion engines.
  • the invention can be said to reside in a method of separating carbon dioxide from a mixture of gases which includes the steps of inserting water or another fluid with a sufficiently high solubility coefficient or affinity with the selected gas or gases at an insertion location into the gas solution contained in a chamber or passing along a passageway, the insertion being from one or more positions into or from within the passageway so that the fluid is substantially distributed through the gas mixture, and then cooling the gas fluid mixture by heat exchange and/or by injection of additional fluid effecting coalescing of the fluid droplets containing dissolved gases forming a fluid solution and then transferring the coalesced liquid to a further location to effect release of the dissolved gas or gases.
  • the method is to then effect a lowering of pressure applying to the fluid containing dissolved gas and /or in the case of some fluids lowering of temperature or in the case of some fluids raising of temperature in each or either case to effect release therefrom of dissolved gases and the depleted gas solution is discharged or passed a further time through the process of fluid injection and removal of the fluid solution for the purpose of further removal of the selected gas or gases from the gas solution.
  • the invention can be said to reside in a method of effecting separation of gases Including a solution of gases containing anyone or more of the following; carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, formaldehyde and /or polycydic hydrocarbons and or particulate matter including carbon and other sub-100 micron particulates from the flue or exhaust gases of a hydrocarbon combustion process which includes the steps of inserting water as steam and/or water droplets and/or water vapour at one or more than one location in a passageway containing the flue or exhaust gases before or after or before and after compression by a piston or turbine compressor or other compression process the insertion being from one or more than one position into or from within the passageway so that the injected water is substantially mixed within the flue gases then effecting cooling by passage through a heat exchanger and/or injection of further water as droplets then the water mixture including dissolved gases, emulsions and solid particulates is removed as a condensate mixture from one point
  • the invention can be said to reside in a method for separately capturing carbon dioxide from a gas stream and then recovering carbon dioxide in separated gaseous form comprising:
  • coalescing water droplets in a high pressure environment then collecting such coalesced water so as to be separate from remaining gas fluid mixture
  • the water can be introduced into a passageway in a downstream direction through a nozzle which can induce by Bernoulli effect further suction that can indeed assist in extraction of exhaust or flue gases.
  • This effect is improved if we use a nozzle of the type known as a de Laval nozzle and position this in the passageway and directed downstream. If a liquid in the form of wet vapour is directed into the De laval nozzle at appropriate temperatures and pressures, the effect has been discovered that the nozzle may cause a prandtl- gauert singularity.
  • Such an effect may cause then a significant further translation of heat into velocity of liquid directed downstream which then can improve the effect and efficiency of the process both in relation to additional suction and also in relation to additional energy that can be used for a downstream turbine rf this is to be used in conjunction.
  • This effect can also be used in conjunction with a further downstream repetition of the same effect.
  • the absorption is a result of the close intermixing of oarfoon dioxide rich exhaust gases during the passage of the steam from its formation to a downstream location where it will be caused to at least significantly condense or coalesce for instance by interacting with a turbine extracting energy from the kinetic energy of the gases.
  • the invention in a further form then can be said to reside in a method for separating gases from a gas mixture including steam water vapour and carbon dioxide which includes effecting introduction of water into the gases at least as steam and effecting a condensation or a coalescing subsequently of the resultant mixture.
  • a turbine can be a conventional turbine with many radially positioned shaped blades and single rotor turbine but in alternative configurations it could be a Tesla or prandtl effect type turbine.
  • An initial or further extraction of carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas stream can be performed in further apparatus as described herein.
  • This apparatus permits removal of a percentage of carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases from the exhaust gas stream at one or more than one stage so that there can be sequential arrangements to effect further additional capture and removal of targeted gases.
  • the invention therefore comprises or includes the injection of a fluid as a mixture containing fine droplets and/or fluid in gaseous form into a carbon dioxide containing gas stream; with further evaporation of some or all of the mixture of injected fluid to gaseous vapour by the thermal energy of the gases and/or by compression of the gas before introduction of the fluid, then condensation or coalescing of the fluid into larger droplets in a heat exchanger and/or across a turbine thereby capturing the carbon dioxide in the fluid condensate.
  • the process uses capture and removal of carbon dioxide directly from a gas stream by utilising varying conditions of pressure and temperature.
  • Carbon dioxide and other pollutant gases and particulates are absorbed from a gas stream into the gaseous and more readily into the liquid phase of water. As the temperature of the water falls the solubility of carbon dioxide increases, reaching a maximum value at 4 degrees Celsius. By reducing the temperature of the mixture containing fluid water and gaseous carbon dioxide, the equilibrium between dissolved and gaseous carbon dioxide favours transition of gaseous to aqueous carbon dioxide.
  • the apparatus described produces conditions of increased pressure and falling temperature, in a gas stream containing carbon dioxide and saturated with a fluid such as water in the form of steam and small water droplets. Conditions favour increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the fluid droplets as the gas stream mixture passes though one or more than one stage.
  • the rate at which carbon dioxide passes in and out of solution is dependant on the surface area of the water in contact with the carbon dioxide.
  • the apparatus described produces conditions in one or more than one stage such that there is a gas stream containing carbon dioxide in contact with water as steam or water vapour or water droplets, with a relatively larger surface area presented by small droplets at the time of introduction or condensation.
  • Conditions within the apparatus favour initial creation of small water droplets with progressive coalescing of droplets into larger cooler droplets such that egress of carbon dioxide back to gaseous form is delayed, even if the equilibrium favours a return to gaseous form.
  • the apparatus described permits removal of large water droplets as these are formed, and thus removal of dissolved carbon dioxide from the gas stream water droplet mixture.
  • the progressive cooling and condensation of a fluid such as steam into small liquid water droplets enhance absorption of carbon dioxide into an aqueous solution. Egress of carbon dioxide back into gaseous form from water droplets is minimised by coalescing of smaller droplets into larger droplets.
  • the fluid consists substantially of water or water which includes water containing one or more contaminants or additives.
  • a portion of the carbon dioxide present in steam having a steam quality of less than 100 weight percent dissolves in the liquid phase of the steam and forms carbonic acid according to the following reaction: CO 2 +H 2 O in equilibrium with H 2 CO 3 (aq)
  • the total solubility of the carbon dioxide in the steam liquid phase can be calculated; by techniques known to those skilled in the art. See, for example Ellis, American Journal of Science, 257: 217-234 (1959) and Ellis et al., American Journal of Science, 261 : 47-60 (1963), these publications being incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
  • the carbon dioxide can be collected and stored in compressed form for later disposal or commercial re-use.
  • FIG 1 Is a schematic of a first embodiment.
  • Source of CO2 containing gas is shown as 1.
  • Common shaft compressor-turbine consists of a compression stage 1a and Expansion stage 2a rotating on a common shaft.
  • the gas stream gives up energy to the expansion turbine at 2a and separately transfers thermal energy by heat exchanger to ambient environment at 3.
  • Incoming gas is compressed at 1 a and directed into the spray chamber 4.
  • Fine droplets of a fluid such as water are sprayed into the compressed gas mixture at 4.
  • Heat is released to the surrounding environment at the heat exchanger 3. Cooling of the gas stream causes water droplets to condense and coalesce into progressively larger droplets.
  • a water separator Separation of water droplets from remaining exhaust gases occurs at 5 by a water separator. Water is removed and delivered to the holding chamber at 6. The depleted gas stream is directed to the expansion turbine stage 2a. CQ2 and particulates as well as other pollutant gases soluble in water are removed.
  • a partial vacuum scavenge pump 7 applies a pressure of less than 1 Bar to the holding tank 6.
  • the reduced pressure in 6 causes CO2 to return to gaseous form bubbling from the surface in 6, leaving a mixture of water and carbon derivative particulate solids.
  • Gaseous CO2 scavenged from 6 is compressed to liquid from and stored in 8 for later disposal into long-term storage reservoirs.
  • the mixture of water and particulates is filtered at 9 for re-circulation to 4 by pump/controller 10.
  • test bed is a 3.9 litre straight 6 cylinder Australian ford engine sold in Australia as a falcon - 1992 model.
  • Exhaust manifolds were expanding manifolds,
  • a turbine used is a turbine using a plurality of planar plates defining between them slots and is thereby a velocity turbine, constructed in a 4 inch diameter and geared to the engine crank shaft through a drive belt at a 16 to 1 gear ratio.
  • the system under pressure ran at 8 pounds per square inch above atmospheric measured at the point of water injection, inside of the heat exchanger.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de séparation d'un gaz, par exemple du dioxyde de carbone, d'autres gaz, par exemple les gaz d'échappement d'une opération de combustion, qui comprend les étapes qui consistent à introduire en (1) un liquide approprié, par exemple de l'eau, sous forme de fines gouttelettes, dans un mélange de gaz dans une chambre de pulvérisation (4) de manière à obtenir d'abord une dissolution importante du gaz dans le liquide, pour ensuite traiter les gouttelettes de telle sorte qu'elles s'agglomèrent sur un échangeur de chaleur (3) de manière à pouvoir séparer une certaine partie du gaz visé en la sortant de sa solution dans le liquide et pour coalescer le liquide séparément en (6), de telle sorte que le gaz libéré puisse être stocké séparément (8).
PCT/AU2009/000376 2008-03-28 2009-03-30 Extraction et récupération de gaz WO2009117781A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008901543 2008-03-28
AU2008901543A AU2008901543A0 (en) 2008-03-28 Gas absorption
AU2008903781A AU2008903781A0 (en) 2008-07-24 Extraction and recovery of gases
AU2008903781 2008-07-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009117781A1 true WO2009117781A1 (fr) 2009-10-01

Family

ID=41112863

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2009/000376 WO2009117781A1 (fr) 2008-03-28 2009-03-30 Extraction et récupération de gaz

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009117781A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2571353A (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-08-28 Equinor Energy As Method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5567215A (en) * 1994-09-12 1996-10-22 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Enhanced heat exchanger flue gas treatment using steam injection
US20020194988A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-12-26 M. Betting Supersonic separator apparatus and method
US20060204407A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mcwhorter Edward M Coal flue gas scrubber

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5567215A (en) * 1994-09-12 1996-10-22 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Enhanced heat exchanger flue gas treatment using steam injection
US20020194988A1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-12-26 M. Betting Supersonic separator apparatus and method
US20060204407A1 (en) * 2005-03-09 2006-09-14 Mcwhorter Edward M Coal flue gas scrubber

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2571353A (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-08-28 Equinor Energy As Method

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