WO2009113915A2 - Гибридный привод транспортного средства - Google Patents

Гибридный привод транспортного средства Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009113915A2
WO2009113915A2 PCT/RU2009/000213 RU2009000213W WO2009113915A2 WO 2009113915 A2 WO2009113915 A2 WO 2009113915A2 RU 2009000213 W RU2009000213 W RU 2009000213W WO 2009113915 A2 WO2009113915 A2 WO 2009113915A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drive
electric machine
vehicle
wheels
planetary mechanism
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2009/000213
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009113915A3 (ru
Inventor
Олег Анатольевич ЦЫГАНОВ
Original Assignee
Tsyganov Oleg Anatolievich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tsyganov Oleg Anatolievich filed Critical Tsyganov Oleg Anatolievich
Priority to US12/735,903 priority Critical patent/US8425358B2/en
Priority to EP09719952.5A priority patent/EP2487059B1/de
Publication of WO2009113915A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009113915A2/ru
Publication of WO2009113915A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009113915A3/ru

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/448—Electrical distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/262—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/16—Mechanic energy storages
    • B60Y2400/162—Flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/60—Electric Machines, e.g. motors or generators
    • B60Y2400/608—Clutch motors, i.e. having rotating stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866—Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of transport and can be used to drive the drive wheels of vehicles.
  • a known hybrid drive (DE N ° 3338548) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric machine installed in the housing with the possibility of rotation of the stator and rotor.
  • the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is mechanically connected to one of the rotating elements of the electric machine, and its other rotating element is connected via mechanical transmission to the drive axle of the vehicle.
  • an electric machine converts part of the ICE's mechanical energy into electrical energy and transfers part of the ICE's mechanical energy to a manual gearbox.
  • the disadvantage of the drive is the significant dimensions of the electric machine due to the transmission of the full engine torque by it.
  • the drive contains a source of energy storage through a control system connected to several reversible electric machines, at least one of which is installed in the unit body with the possibility of rotation of the stator and rotor.
  • the rotor of this electric machine has the possibility of kinematic connection with a source of storage of mechanical energy, and the stator with one or more drive wheels on which the brake system is installed.
  • the disadvantage of this drive is the same as that of the previous one, since an electric machine with two rotating elements must transmit the full torque of the engine to the drive wheels.
  • a well-known hybrid car drive (US JNb 5865263), we have chosen for the prototype and containing ICE serving as a source of mechanical energy, two electric machines, one of which is reversible, a battery as a source of electrical energy storage, a planetary gear and a central control system .
  • the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected to the planet carrier of the planetary gear.
  • the sun gear of the planetary mechanism is connected to the shaft of a reversible electric machine, and the ring gear is connected through a series of gears to the shaft of the second electric machine and to the differential of the drive wheels.
  • the disadvantage of such a drive is the small value of its maximum possible torque transmitted to the drive wheels of the vehicle, determined only by the internal combustion engine torque, the planetary gear ratio and the magnitude of the electric machine torque connected to the ring gear.
  • the second significant drawback is its low efficiency, due to energy losses in the electric machine, connected only to one of the central gears of the planetary mechanism, due to the impossibility of transmitting torque from the internal combustion engine to the wheels of the vehicle when the electric machine is turned off.
  • Another disadvantage is the small torque of the drive when the internal combustion engine is turned off. The movement of the vehicle is carried out using an electric machine connected to the ring gear of the planetary mechanism, while the electric machine connected to its sun gear is turned off, and its shaft rotates freely.
  • the technical result of the invention is to increase the moment transmitted to the drive wheels of the vehicle, as well as increasing the efficiency of the drive.
  • the drive like the prototype, contains a source of storage of mechanical energy, reversible electrical machines electrically connected through a control system to a source of storage of electrical energy, as well as a planetary differential mechanism.
  • the planetary differential gear carrier is connected to the ICE shaft, one of its central wheels is mechanically connected to one of the reversible electric machines, and the second central wheel is connected to the differential of the drive wheels.
  • the electric machine connected to the central wheel of the planetary gear is made with two rotating elements that are connected to the central wheels of the planetary differential gear. Such electrical machines are called two-dimensional or double rotation machines.
  • the drive is additionally equipped with a controlled clutch for mechanically connecting the rotating parts of the specified electric machine to each other, as well as a controlled clutch for connecting the carrier of the planetary gear with any fixed part of the drive or vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of one of the possible variants of the proposed drive, where the inner rotating part of the two-dimensional electric machine is connected to the planet gear sun gear, and its external rotating part is connected to the differential of the vehicle’s drive wheels through the through shaft of the second electric machine.
  • the external rotating part of the two-dimensional electric machine is connected to the sun gear, and its internal rotating part is connected to the differential of the drive wheels to which the second electric machine is connected.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 is mounted on the vehicle body (not shown in Fig.), Its shaft 2 is connected to the carrier - A -
  • the rotating part 5 of the two-dimensional electric machine 6 is connected to the sun gear 7 of the planetary gear 4, and its rotating part 8 is connected to the ring gear 9 of the planetary gear 4 and, with the help of the coupling 10, with the differential 11 of the drive wheels 12.
  • the rotating part 8 can be connected to the clutch 10 both through the through shaft of the second electric machine 13, and directly, as shown in figure 2.
  • the electric machine 13 is directly connected to the differential 11.
  • the wheels 12 have the ability to brake using the standard brake system 14 of the vehicle.
  • Reversible electric machines 6 and 13 receive electric power from the storage battery (or other source — an electric energy storage device, for example, a capacitor) 15 and give it back using the control system 16.
  • the rotating parts 5 and 8 of the electric machine 6 are able to be interconnected using a controlled clutch 17, and carrier 3 of the planetary differential mechanism 4 has the ability to connect to the vehicle body using a controlled clutch 18.
  • the type and design of a two-dimensional electric machine 6 can be any (direct or alternating current, asynchronous, synchronous, collector, inductor).
  • the supply and removal of electric current to its anchor windings can be carried out using brushes and slip rings (or collectors), or in a non-contact way - in this case, the electric machine has fixed anchor windings mounted on its body.
  • the rotating parts 5 and 8 of this electric machine may have a cylindrical or disk shape.
  • any planetary gear can be used: with cylindrical wheels, as in the figures, or with bevel gears.
  • an engine internal combustion 1 can be used any source of storage of mechanical energy, for example, a turbine or a flywheel, and instead of the battery 15 (or together with it) - a capacitor.
  • the drive operates as follows. To start the internal combustion engine 1, electricity from the battery source-energy storage device 15 is supplied to the electric machine 6, translating it using the control system 16 into electric motor mode.
  • the brake system 14 is turned off, and the internal combustion engine 1 rotates the ring gear 9 through the carrier 3 and, through the sun gear 7, part 5 of the electric machine 6, switched by the control system 16 to the generator mode.
  • Part 5 rotates in the same direction as part 8, but with a greater angular frequency.
  • the electricity generated by this electric machine is transferred to the electric machine 13, the excess electricity is stored in the battery 15 or its deficiency is consumed from the battery.
  • a torque is added between the rotating parts 5 and 8 of the electric machine 6.
  • After accelerating the vehicle with using a controlled clutch 17 mechanically connects the rotating parts 5 and 8 of the electric machine 6, after which no electricity is supplied to it.
  • the vehicle speed is determined by the rotational speed of the shaft 2 of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the controlled clutch 17 is disconnected and the electric machine 6 is transferred to the electric motor mode using the control system 16, its part 5 rotates in the opposite part of 8 side.
  • the electric machine 13 is put into electric motor mode and rotates the drive wheels 12 of the vehicle.
  • a carrier 3 is connected to the vehicle body using a coupling 18, after which the electric machine 6 is also transferred to the electric motor mode and its parts 5 and 8 rotate in different directions.
  • the torque of this electric machine through the differential mechanism 4, the clutch 10 and the differential 11 is transmitted to the drive wheels 12 of the vehicle, folding with the torque of the electric machine 13.
  • the ring gear 9 is disconnected from the drive wheels 12 using the clutch 10, after which stops the electric machine 6 and the internal combustion engine 1, which eliminates the loss of energy in them and increases the path traveled by the vehicle.
  • the electric machines 6 and 13 are transferred to the generator mode, converting the mechanical energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, which is stored in the battery.

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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

Гибридный привод колес транспортного средства, содержит источник- накопитель механической энергии (1), планетарный механизм (4) и две связанных через систему управления (16) с источником-накопителем электроэнергии (15) обратимые электромашины (6 и 13). Водило (3) планетарного механизма (4) связано с валом источника-накопителя механической энергии. Для повышения вращающего момента на ведущих колесах (12) электромашина (6) выполнена двумерной, с двумя имеющими возможность вращения частями (5 и 8), одна из которых соединена с солнечной шестерней (7) планетарного механизма (4), а вторая - с его кольцевой шестерней (9). Для повышения КПД привода он снабжен двумя управляемыми муфтами (17 и 18), позволяющими соединять между собой вращающиеся части (5 и 8) обратимой двумерной электрической машины, а также соединять водило (3) планетарного механизма (4) с неподвижным элементом привода.

Description

ГИБРИДНЫЙ ПРИВОД ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА
Изобретение относится к области транспорта и может быть использовано для привода ведущих колес транспортных средств.
Известен гибридный привод (DE N° 3338548) с двигателем внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) и электромашиной, установленной в корпусе с возможностью вращения статора и ротора. Выходной вал ДВС механически связан с одним из вращающихся элементов электромашины, а другой ее вращающийся элемент связан посредством механической передачи с ведущей осью транспортного средства. В этой схеме электромашина осуществляет преобразование части механической энергии ДВС в электрическую и передачу части механической энергии ДВС на механическую коробку передач. Недостатком привода являются значительные габариты электрической машины из-за передачи ею полного вращающего момента ДВС.
Известен гибридный силовой агрегат транспортного средства (RU N» 2264307). Привод содержит источник-накопитель электроэнергии, через систему управления соединенный с несколькими обратимыми электромашинами, хотя бы одна из которых установлена в корпусе агрегата с возможностью вращения статора и ротора. Ротор этой электромашины имеет возможность кинематического соединения с источником-накопителем механической энергии, а статор - с одним или несколькими ведущими колесами, на которые установлена тормозная система. Недостаток этого привода такой же, как и у предыдущего, так как электромашина с двумя вращающимися элементами должна передавать на ведущие колеса полный момент вращения ДВС. Известен привод гибридного автомобиля (US JNb 5865263), выбранный нами за прототип и содержащий ДВС, служащий в качестве источника механической энергии, две электромашины, одна из которых выполнена обратимой, аккумуляторную батарею в качестве источника - накопителя электрической энергии, планетарный механизм и центральную система управления. Выходной вал ДВС соединен с водилом планетарного механизма. Солнечная шестерня планетарного механизма соединена с валом обратимой электромашины, а кольцевая шестерня через ряд зубчатых колес связана с валом второй электромашины и с дифференциалом ведущих колес.
Недостатком такого привода является небольшая величина его максимально возможного вращающего момента, передаваемая на ведущие колеса транспортного средства, определяемая только вращающим моментом ДВС, передаточным отношением планетарного механизма и величиной вращающего момента электромашины, соединенной с кольцевой шестерней. Вторым существенным его недостатком является низкий КПД, обусловленный потерями энергии в электромашине, соединенной только с одной из центральных шестерен планетарного механизма, вследствие невозможности передачи вращающего момента от ДВС на колеса транспортного средства при выключении этой электромашины. Также недостатком является малая величина вращающего момента привода, когда ДВС выключен. Движение транспортного средства при этом осуществляется с помощью электромашины, соединенной с кольцевой шестерней планетарного механизма, тогда как электромашина, соединенная с его солнечной шестерней, выключена, и ее вал свободно вращается.
Техническим результатом предлагаемого изобретения является увеличение момента, передаваемого на ведущие колеса транспортного средства, а также повышение КПД привода. Это достигается тем, что привод, как и прототип, содержит источник-накопитель механической энергии, обратимые электрические машины, электрически связанные через систему управления с источником- накопителем электрической энергии, а также планетарный дифференциальный механизм. Водило планетарного дифференциального механизма связано с валом ДВС, одно из его центральных колес механически связано с одной из обратимых электромашин, а второе центральное колесо связано с дифференциалом ведущих колес. В отличие от прототипа, электрическая машина, связанная с центральным колесом планетарного механизма, выполнена с двумя вращающимися элементами, которые соединены с центральными колесами указанного планетарного дифференциального механизма. Такие электрические машины называют двумерными или машинами двойного вращения. Привод дополнительно снабжен управляемой муфтой для механического соединения вращающихся частей указанной электромашины между собой, а также управляемой муфтой для соединения водила планетарного механизма с какой-либо неподвижной частью привода или транспортного средства.
На фиг. 1 изображена принципиальная схема одного из возможных вариантов предлагаемого привода, где с солнечной шестерней планетарного механизма соединена внутренняя вращающаяся часть двумерной электромашины, а ее наружная вращающаяся часть соединена с дифференциалом ведущих колес транспортного средства через сквозной вал второй электромашины.
На фиг. 2 с солнечной шестерней соединена внешняя вращающаяся часть двумерной электромашины, а ее внутренняя вращающаяся часть соединена с дифференциалом ведущих колес, с которым соединена вторая электромашина.
Двигатель внутреннего сгорания 1 закреплен на корпусе транспортного средства (на фиг. не показан), его вал 2 соединен с водилом - A -
3 планетарного механизма 4. Вращающаяся часть 5 двумерной электрической машины 6 соединена с солнечной шестерней 7 планетарного механизма 4, а ее вращающаяся часть 8 - с кольцевой шестерней 9 планетарного механизма 4 и, с помощью муфты 10, с дифференциалом 11 ведущих колес 12. При этом вращающаяся часть 8 может быть соединена с муфтой 10 как через сквозной вал второй электромашины 13, так и непосредственно, как это показано на фиг.2. В этом случае электромашина 13 непосредственно соединена с дифференциалом 11.
Колеса 12 имеют возможность торможения с помощью штатной тормозной системы 14 транспортного средства. Обращаемые электромашины 6 и 13 получают электроэнергию от аккумуляторной батареи (или иного источника - накопителя электроэнергии, например, конденсатора) 15 и отдают ее обратно с помощью системы управления 16. Вращающиеся части 5 и 8 электрической машины 6 имеют возможность соединения между собой с помощью управляемой муфты 17, а водило 3 планетарного дифференциального механизма 4 имеет возможность соединения с корпусом транспортного средства с помощью управляемой муфты 18. Тип и конструктивное исполнение двумерной электромашины 6 могут быть любыми (постоянного или переменного тока, асинхронная, синхронная, коллекторная, индукторная). Подвод и отвод электрического тока к ее якорным обмоткам может осуществляться как с помощью щеток и контактных колец (или коллекторов), так и бесконтактным способом - в этом случае электрическая машина имеет неподвижные якорные обмотки, закрепленные на ее корпусе. Вращающиеся части 5 и 8 этой электромашины могут иметь цилиндрическую или дисковую форму. В качестве планетарного механизма 4 может быть применена любая планетарная передача: с цилиндрическими колесами, как на приведенных фигурах, или с коническими зубчатыми колесами. Вместо двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1 может быть использован любой источник- накопитель механической энергии, например, турбина или маховик, а вместо аккумуляторной батареи 15 (или совместно с ней) - конденсатор.
Привод работает следующим образом. Для запуска двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1 электроэнергия от аккумуляторной источника- накопителя электроэнергии 15 подается на электрическую машину 6, переводя ее с помощью системы управления 16 в режим электродвигателя. Ведущие колеса 12, через дифференциал 11 и муфту 10 соединенные с вращающейся частью 8 и кольцевой шестерней 9 планетарного механизма 4, удерживаются в это время от вращения с помощью тормозной системы 14 транспортного средства. Вращающаяся часть 5 электрической машины 6 через солнечную шестерню 7 и водило 3, вращая вал 2 двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1, запускает его. После этого тормозная система 14 отключается, а двигатель внутреннего сгорания 1 через водило 3 вращает кольцевую шестерню 9 и, через солнечную шестерню 7, часть 5 электрической машины 6, переключенной с помощью системы управления 16 в режим генератора. Часть 5 вращается в ту же сторону, что и часть 8, но с большей угловой частотой. Вырабатываемая этой электромашиной электроэнергия передается на электромашину 13, избыток электроэнергии запасается в аккумуляторной батарее 15 или ее недостаток потребляется из батареи. При этом к вращающему моменту, получаемому через дифференциал 11 ведущими колесами 12 от электромашины 13 и от двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1 (через кольцевую шестерню 9 и водило 3), добавляется вращающий момент между вращающими частями 5 и 8 электрической машины 6. После разгона транспортного средства с помощью управляемой муфты 17 механически соединяют вращающиеся части 5 и 8 электрической машины 6, после чего на нее электроэнергия не подается. При этом вся механическая энергия двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1 передается на ведущие колеса 12 полностью (за исключением неизбежных потерь в подшипниках), а скорость движения транспортного средства определяется частотой вращения вала 2 двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1. Для значительного увеличения скорости движения транспортного средства управляемая муфта 17 разъединяется и электрическая машина 6 с помощью системы управления 16 переводится в режим электродвигателя, ее часть 5 вращается в противоположную части 8 сторону. Для разгона и движения транспортного средства без включения двигателя внутреннего сгорания 1 (например, при движении в экологически чистых «зeлeныx зoнax») электрическая машина 13 переводится в режим электродвигателя и вращает ведущие колеса 12 транспортного средства. Для увеличения вращающего момента на ведущих колесах 12 с помощью муфты 18 соединяют водило 3 с корпусом транспортного средства, после чего электрическая машина 6 также переводится в режим электродвигателя и ее части 5 и 8 вращаются в разные стороны. При этом вращающий момент этой электромашины через дифференциальный механизм 4, муфту 10 и дифференциал 11 передается на ведущие колеса 12 транспортного средства, складываясь с вращающим моментом электрической машины 13. При движении под уклон кольцевую шестерню 9 с помощью муфты 10 отсоединяют от ведущих колес 12, после чего останавливают электромашину 6 и двигатель внутреннего сгорания 1 , что исключает потери энергии в них и увеличивает путь, пройденный транспортным средством. При торможении транспортного средства электрические машины 6 и 13 переводятся в режим генератора, преобразуя механическую энергию движения транспортного средства в электрическую энергию, которая запасается в аккумуляторной батарее.

Claims

ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ
Гибридный привод колес транспортного средства, содержащий источник- накопитель механической энергии, вал которого связан с водилом планетарного механизма, а также источник-накопитель электроэнергии, электрически связанный через систему управления с обратимыми электромашинами, по меньшей мере, одна из которых механически связана с центральным колесом указанного планетарного механизма, второе центральное колесо которого механически связано с дифференциалом ведущих колес транспортного средства, отличающийся тем, что указанная электрическая машина, выполнена с двумя имеющими возможность вращения частями, которые механически связаны с центральными колесами планетарного механизма, и дополнительно введены две управляемые муфты для соединения между собой указанных вращающихся частей обратимой электрической машины, а также для соединения водила планетарного механизма с каким-либо неподвижным элементом привода.
PCT/RU2009/000213 2008-03-11 2009-04-30 Гибридный привод транспортного средства WO2009113915A2 (ru)

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RU2384423C2 (ru) 2010-03-20
EP2487059B1 (de) 2014-08-06
EP2487059A8 (de) 2012-09-26
EP2487059A4 (de) 2013-01-23
US20100331130A1 (en) 2010-12-30
EP2487059A2 (de) 2012-08-15
WO2009113915A3 (ru) 2009-11-12
US8425358B2 (en) 2013-04-23

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