WO2009113270A1 - Method and apparatus for reforming tar in gasification equipment - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for reforming tar in gasification equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009113270A1
WO2009113270A1 PCT/JP2009/000958 JP2009000958W WO2009113270A1 WO 2009113270 A1 WO2009113270 A1 WO 2009113270A1 JP 2009000958 W JP2009000958 W JP 2009000958W WO 2009113270 A1 WO2009113270 A1 WO 2009113270A1
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Prior art keywords
gasification
furnace
reforming
tar
gas
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PCT/JP2009/000958
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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中村至高
松澤克明
大原宏明
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株式会社Ihi
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Priority to US12/810,426 priority Critical patent/US20100269410A1/en
Publication of WO2009113270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009113270A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/005—Reducing the tar content by partial oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/023—Reducing the tar content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/226—Transversal partitions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2005-60533 A
  • the temperature is raised to about 1100-1500 ° C. by adding oxygen or air to the gasification gas and burning, and at the same time the tar content is reformed.
  • the gasification gas In order to raise the temperature, the gasification gas must be burned in a large amount, and the calorific value of the gasification gas as a product is greatly reduced.
  • the present invention can increase the temperature of the gasification gas with a very small amount of oxygen and combustion, and perform tar reforming while minimizing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas.
  • Tar reforming of gasification equipment that can avoid troubles in downstream equipment due to tar and can also recover heat of gasified gas at low temperature with a metal heat exchanger and can effectively use heat energy without waste It is an object to provide a method and apparatus.
  • fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate a gasification gas
  • the gasification gas is introduced into the reforming furnace, and the tar content contained in the gasification gas in the reforming furnace.
  • a tar reforming method for gasification equipment for reforming The gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is heat-exchanged with the gasification gas after the reforming that comes out of the reforming furnace with a ceramic heat exchanger, and is heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace.
  • the present invention relates to a tar reforming method for a gasification facility.
  • the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is converted into gasified gas and heat after the reforming exiting the reforming furnace with a ceramic heat exchanger.
  • a ceramic heat exchanger When it is exchanged and heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace, it is not necessary to burn a large amount of gasification gas in order to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content.
  • the calorific value of the gasified gas that is the product is not greatly reduced, troubles in downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of the gasified gas at a low temperature by a metal heat exchanger is also possible. , Less heat energy is wasted.
  • tar reforming method of the gasification facility a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace is combusted in a combustion furnace, and the combustion exhaust gas is supplied into a ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace.
  • the tar content contained in the gasification gas can be reformed by raising the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace, so that the gasification gas can be converted into combustion exhaust gas without burning the gasification gas at all. It is preferable for avoiding dilution.
  • the combustion exhaust air and heat emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace by a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger are used for the combustion furnace air.
  • the present invention gasifies fuel with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate gasification gas, introduces the gasification gas into the reforming furnace, and is contained in the gasification gas in the reforming furnace.
  • a tar reforming device for gasification equipment for reforming tar content A ceramic heat exchanger is provided that heat-exchanges the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace with the gasification gas after reforming that exits the reforming furnace, and raises the temperature to introduce the gasification gas into the reforming furnace.
  • the present invention relates to a tar reforming apparatus for a gasification facility.
  • the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is heat-exchanged with the gasification gas after the reforming leaving the reforming furnace, and the temperature is increased.
  • a ceramic heat exchanger that is introduced into the reforming furnace it is not necessary to burn a large amount of gasification gas in order to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content, and oxygen to be introduced into the reforming furnace.
  • the amount of heat generated by the gasified gas that is the product is not greatly reduced, troubles in downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of the gasified gas at low temperatures using a metal heat exchanger is also possible. This makes it possible to reduce the waste of heat energy.
  • the air for the combustion furnace is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas coming out of the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and the temperature is raised to the combustion furnace.
  • the temperature of the gasification gas is raised with a very small amount of oxygen and combustion, and tar is reduced while minimizing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas. Reforming can be performed, trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of gasified gas by metal heat exchanger at low temperature can be performed, so that heat energy can be effectively utilized without waste .
  • tar reforming method of the gasification facility of the present invention a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace is combusted in the combustion furnace, and the combustion exhaust gas is placed in the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace.
  • the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed, and the gasification gas is burned without burning at all.
  • the tar reforming can be performed while increasing the temperature of the gasification gas without diluting with the exhaust gas and more reliably suppressing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas.
  • the flue gas combusted in the combustion furnace is supplied, and the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace is raised, whereby the tar content in the gasification gas is increased.
  • the ceramic tube is provided, the temperature of the gasification gas is raised without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas.
  • the tar reforming can be performed while more reliably suppressing the decrease in the amount.
  • the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the inside of the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace by the metal heat exchanger and the ceramic heat exchanger.
  • the efficiency can be increased by lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace and discharging it while raising the temperature and introducing it into the combustion furnace.
  • the air for the combustion furnace is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and is heated to be introduced into the combustion furnace.
  • the efficiency can be further improved by providing a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger that lower the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace and discharge it.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the ceramic heat exchanger in the Example of this invention. The relationship between the ratio of the oxygen input to the gasification gas and the reformer outlet temperature was compared between the case where a ceramic heat exchanger was provided (the present invention) and the case where no ceramic heat exchanger was provided (conventional).
  • FIG. It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows the other Example of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is the same as the conventional one shown in FIG.
  • the feature of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 2, the gasification gas (600 to 900 ° C.) containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is gasified after the reforming to leave the reforming furnace 2.
  • the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided which is heat-exchanged with gas (1100 to 1500 ° C.), heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace 2.
  • the ceramic heat exchanger 3 has a so-called shell-and-tube heat exchange in which a large number of ceramic tubes 3b and a baffle plate 3c are arranged in a shell 3a.
  • the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace 2 while circulating the gasification gas in the ceramic tube 3b.
  • the reformed gasification gas from the reactor is lowered in temperature (700-1000 ° C) and sent to the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process, resulting in a high heat exchange efficiency of approximately 80%. Et Is shall.
  • the fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in the gasification furnace 1 to generate gasification gas.
  • the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is transferred from the reforming furnace 2 by the ceramic heat exchanger 3. Heat is exchanged with the gasification gas after reforming, and the temperature is raised and introduced into the reforming furnace 2.
  • the gasification gas is mixed with oxygen (or air), and a part of the gasification gas is combusted, and at the same time, an oxidation reforming / steam reforming reaction for tar proceeds.
  • the reformed gasification gas exiting from the reforming furnace 2 is then led to the ceramic heat exchanger 3 again, and the gasification containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 in the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is performed. It exchanges heat with the gas, and the temperature is lowered, leading to a downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process.
  • the amount of oxygen to be input to the reforming furnace is suppressed, and the heat of the gasification gas as a product is generated.
  • the trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided without greatly reducing the amount, and metal heat exchanger for gasification gas at low temperature (not particularly shown, but it leads to downstream purification process and chemical synthesis process It is also possible to perform heat recovery in the middle of the line), and the waste of heat energy is reduced. Further, the temperature of the reforming furnace 2 can be controlled by changing the amount of oxygen, and the temperature can be easily controlled.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the ratio of the oxygen input to the gasification gas and the outlet temperature of the reforming furnace 2 when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided (the present invention) and when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is not provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram compared with the case (conventional). As is clear from this figure, for example, when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is not provided as in the conventional case, the outlet temperature of the gasification gas reforming furnace 2 About 20% oxygen of the gasification gas is required to raise the temperature to about 1200 ° C. However, when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided as in the embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen input amount is about half of 10%. % Was confirmed.
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG.
  • the feature of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 5, a combustion furnace 4 for burning a part of the fuel supplied to the gasifier 1, Tars contained in the gasification gas are provided in the reforming furnace 2 and supplied with combustion exhaust gas combusted in the combustion furnace 4 to raise the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace 2.
  • a ceramic tube 5 for modifying the component; While the air for the combustion furnace 4 is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube 5 disposed in the reforming furnace 2, the temperature is raised and introduced into the combustion furnace 4.
  • Metal heat exchanger 6 low temperature range of 800 to 900 ° C. or lower
  • ceramic heat exchanger 7 high temperature range of 800 to 900 ° C. or higher
  • the fuel is gasified in the gasification furnace 1 by a gasifying agent to generate gasification gas
  • the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is a ceramic heat exchanger. 3 heat is exchanged with the reformed gasification gas exiting the reforming furnace 2, and the temperature is raised and introduced into the reforming furnace 2, while passing through the metal heat exchanger 6 and the ceramic heat exchanger 7.
  • the heated air is guided to the combustion furnace 4, a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace 1 is combusted in the combustion furnace 4, and the combustion exhaust gas is disposed in the reforming furnace 2. It is supplied into the tube 5.
  • the gasified gas is not burned at all by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas that is burned in the combustion furnace 4 and supplied into the ceramic tube 5, and the gasified gas is not burned.
  • the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed, and the reformed gasification gas exiting from the reforming furnace 2 is then returned to the ceramics again.
  • the heat is exchanged with the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 in the ceramic heat exchanger 3 and is led to the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process.
  • the combustion exhaust gas coming out of the ceramic tube 5 disposed in the reforming furnace 2 sequentially passes through the ceramic heat exchanger 7 and the metal heat exchanger 6 to empty the combustion furnace 4. And heat exchange is then temperature drop discharged.
  • the temperature can be raised to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply oxygen (or air) to the reforming furnace, the trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided without greatly reducing the calorific value of the gasification gas that is the product, and gas at low temperature It is also possible to perform heat recovery with a gas heat exchanger for chemical gas (not shown, but can be installed in the middle of the line leading to a downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process), and waste of heat energy is reduced. Become. Further, the temperature of the reforming furnace 2 can be controlled by changing the amount of fuel and air supplied to the combustion furnace 4, and the temperature can be easily controlled.
  • the temperature of the gasification gas is raised without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas, and the calorific value of the gasification gas is reduced.
  • the tar reforming can be carried out while more reliably suppressing the trouble, the trouble of the downstream equipment due to the tar can be avoided, and the heat recovery by the metal heat exchanger 6 of the gasification gas at a low temperature can be carried out. Energy can be used effectively without waste.
  • the tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. .

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Abstract

A gasification equipment is equipped with a ceramic heat exchanger (3) in which a gasification gas (600-900°C) generated in a gasification furnace (1) and containing a tar is caused to undergo heat exchange with a gasification gas (1,100-1,500°C) discharged from a reforming furnace (2) and having undergone reforming and is thereby heated before being introduced into the reforming furnace (2).

Description

ガス化設備のタール改質方法及び装置Tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment
　本発明は、ガス化設備のタール改質方法及び装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment.
　従来より燃料として、石炭、バイオマス、廃プラスチック、或いは各種の含水廃棄物等の固体燃料を用い、ガス化ガスを生成する燃料ガス化設備の開発が進められている。 Conventionally, development of fuel gasification equipment that generates gasification gas using solid fuel such as coal, biomass, waste plastic, or various water-containing wastes as a fuel has been promoted.
　一般に、ガス化炉において低温（６００～９００℃）で前記固体燃料のガス化を行った場合、生成するガス化ガス中にはタールが含まれており、該タールを含むガス化ガスは温度を下げていくとタールが凝縮してミスト化するため、ガス化ガスを化学合成原料等に利用する際には、下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスにおいて、タールによる配管閉塞や機器類のトラブル、タール付着による合成触媒の被毒等といった問題が引き起こされる。 Generally, when the solid fuel is gasified at a low temperature (600 to 900 ° C.) in a gasification furnace, tar is contained in the gasification gas to be generated, and the gasification gas containing tar has a temperature of Since tar condenses and mists as it is lowered, when gasified gas is used as a raw material for chemical synthesis, etc., in the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process, pipe clogging or equipment troubles due to tar, Problems such as poisoning of the synthetic catalyst due to tar adhesion are caused.
　前記ガス化ガス中に含まれるタール分を除去する技術としては、従来、高温でのタール改質がある。これは、図１に示される如く、ガス化炉１において、燃料をガス化剤（水蒸気、空気、酸素等）によってガス化してガス化ガスを生成し、該ガス化ガスを改質炉２へ導入し、該改質炉２において、前記ガス化ガスに酸素や空気を付加して燃焼させることで温度を１１００～１５００℃程度に上げると同時にタール分を酸化改質・水蒸気改質させるという技術である。 As a technique for removing the tar content contained in the gasification gas, conventionally, there is a tar reforming at a high temperature. This is because, as shown in FIG. 1, in the gasification furnace 1, the fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent (water vapor, air, oxygen, etc.) to generate gasified gas, and the gasified gas is sent to the reforming furnace 2. Introduced and heated in the reforming furnace 2 by adding oxygen and air to the gasified gas and raising the temperature to about 1100-1500 ° C., and at the same time, oxidizing and steam reforming the tar content It is.
　尚、蓄熱体及び支燃ガスを用いることにより、タール分を含む燃料ガスを１１００℃以上の高温まで昇温させ、タール分を熱分解して除去する一般的技術水準を示すものとしては、例えば、特許文献１がある。
特開２００５－６０５３３号公報 In addition, by using a heat storage body and a combustion support gas, the fuel gas containing the tar content is heated to a high temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher, and the general technical level for removing the tar content by thermal decomposition is, for example, Patent Document 1 is available.
JP 2005-60533 A
　しかしながら、前述の如く、改質炉２においてガス化ガスに酸素や空気を付加して燃焼させることで温度を１１００～１５００℃程度に上げると同時にタール分を改質させるのでは、その反応温度まで温度を上昇させるためにガス化ガスを多量に燃焼させなければならず、製品となるガス化ガスの発熱量が大きく低下してしまうという欠点を有していた。 However, as mentioned above, in the reforming furnace 2, the temperature is raised to about 1100-1500 ° C. by adding oxygen or air to the gasification gas and burning, and at the same time the tar content is reformed. In order to raise the temperature, the gasification gas must be burned in a large amount, and the calorific value of the gasification gas as a product is greatly reduced.
　本発明は、斯かる実情に鑑み、非常に少ない酸素量・燃焼量でガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下を最小限に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができ、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルを回避し得、且つ低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器による熱回収を行うこともでき、熱エネルギーを無駄なく有効活用し得るガス化設備のタール改質方法及び装置を提供しようとするものである。 In view of such circumstances, the present invention can increase the temperature of the gasification gas with a very small amount of oxygen and combustion, and perform tar reforming while minimizing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas. , Tar reforming of gasification equipment that can avoid troubles in downstream equipment due to tar and can also recover heat of gasified gas at low temperature with a metal heat exchanger and can effectively use heat energy without waste It is an object to provide a method and apparatus.
　本発明は、燃料をガス化炉でガス化剤によってガス化してガス化ガスを生成し、該ガス化ガスを改質炉へ導入し、該改質炉で前記ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるガス化設備のタール改質方法であって、
  前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを、セラミックス熱交換器で改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入することを特徴とするガス化設備のタール改質方法にかかるものである。 According to the present invention, fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate a gasification gas, the gasification gas is introduced into the reforming furnace, and the tar content contained in the gasification gas in the reforming furnace. A tar reforming method for gasification equipment for reforming
The gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is heat-exchanged with the gasification gas after the reforming that comes out of the reforming furnace with a ceramic heat exchanger, and is heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace. The present invention relates to a tar reforming method for a gasification facility.
　本発明のガス化設備のタール改質方法のように、前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを、セラミックス熱交換器で改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入すると、タール分を改質させる反応温度まで温度を上昇させるためにガス化ガスを多量に燃焼させなくて済み、改質炉へ投入する酸素量が抑えられ、製品となるガス化ガスの発熱量が大きく低下せず、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルが避けられると共に、低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器による熱回収を行うことも可能となり、熱エネルギーの無駄も少なくなる。 As in the tar reforming method of the gasification facility of the present invention, the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is converted into gasified gas and heat after the reforming exiting the reforming furnace with a ceramic heat exchanger. When it is exchanged and heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace, it is not necessary to burn a large amount of gasification gas in order to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content. As a result, the calorific value of the gasified gas that is the product is not greatly reduced, troubles in downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of the gasified gas at a low temperature by a metal heat exchanger is also possible. , Less heat energy is wasted.
　前記ガス化設備のタール改質方法においては、前記ガス化炉へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼炉で燃焼させ、該燃焼排ガスを前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内に供給し、該改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させることが、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことを避ける上で好ましい。 In the tar reforming method of the gasification facility, a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace is combusted in a combustion furnace, and the combustion exhaust gas is supplied into a ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace. The tar content contained in the gasification gas can be reformed by raising the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace, so that the gasification gas can be converted into combustion exhaust gas without burning the gasification gas at all. It is preferable for avoiding dilution.
　又、前記ガス化設備のタール改質方法においては、前記燃焼炉用の空気を、金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器で前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出することが、効率をより高める上で好ましい。 Further, in the tar reforming method of the gasification equipment, the combustion exhaust air and heat emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace by a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger are used for the combustion furnace air. In order to further increase the efficiency, it is preferable to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace and discharge it while raising the temperature and introducing it into the combustion furnace.
　一方、本発明は、燃料をガス化炉でガス化剤によってガス化してガス化ガスを生成し、該ガス化ガスを改質炉へ導入し、該改質炉で前記ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるガス化設備のタール改質装置であって、
  前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを前記改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入するセラミックス熱交換器を備えたことを特徴とするガス化設備のタール改質装置にかかるものである。 On the other hand, the present invention gasifies fuel with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate gasification gas, introduces the gasification gas into the reforming furnace, and is contained in the gasification gas in the reforming furnace. A tar reforming device for gasification equipment for reforming tar content,
A ceramic heat exchanger is provided that heat-exchanges the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace with the gasification gas after reforming that exits the reforming furnace, and raises the temperature to introduce the gasification gas into the reforming furnace. The present invention relates to a tar reforming apparatus for a gasification facility.
　本発明のガス化設備のタール改質装置のように、前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを前記改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入するセラミックス熱交換器を備えると、タール分を改質させる反応温度まで温度を上昇させるためにガス化ガスを多量に燃焼させなくて済み、改質炉へ投入する酸素量が抑えられ、製品となるガス化ガスの発熱量が大きく低下せず、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルが避けられると共に、低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器による熱回収を行うことも可能となり、熱エネルギーの無駄も少なくなる。 As in the tar reforming apparatus of the gasification facility of the present invention, the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is heat-exchanged with the gasification gas after the reforming leaving the reforming furnace, and the temperature is increased. With a ceramic heat exchanger that is introduced into the reforming furnace, it is not necessary to burn a large amount of gasification gas in order to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content, and oxygen to be introduced into the reforming furnace The amount of heat generated by the gasified gas that is the product is not greatly reduced, troubles in downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of the gasified gas at low temperatures using a metal heat exchanger is also possible. This makes it possible to reduce the waste of heat energy.
　前記ガス化設備のタール改質装置においては、前記ガス化炉へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼させる燃焼炉と、
  前記改質炉内に配設され、前記燃焼炉で燃焼させた燃焼排ガスが供給され、前記改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるセラミックスチューブを備えることが、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことを避ける上で好ましい。 In the tar reforming apparatus of the gasification facility, a combustion furnace for burning a part of fuel supplied to the gasification furnace,
Combustion exhaust gas disposed in the reforming furnace and combusted in the combustion furnace is supplied, and the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace is raised, thereby modifying the tar content in the gasification gas. It is preferable to provide a ceramic tube to make the gasification gas without burning the gasification gas at all and avoiding dilution of the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas.
　又、前記ガス化設備のタール改質装置においては、前記燃焼炉用の空気を、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出する金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器を備えることが、効率をより高める上で好ましい。 Further, in the tar reforming apparatus of the gasification equipment, the air for the combustion furnace is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas coming out of the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and the temperature is raised to the combustion furnace. In order to further increase the efficiency, it is preferable to provide a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger that lower the temperature of the exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace while discharging it.
　本発明のガス化設備のタール改質方法及び装置によれば、非常に少ない酸素量・燃焼量でガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下を最小限に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができ、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルを回避し得、且つ低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器による熱回収を行うこともでき、熱エネルギーを無駄なく有効活用し得る。 According to the tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment of the present invention, the temperature of the gasification gas is raised with a very small amount of oxygen and combustion, and tar is reduced while minimizing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas. Reforming can be performed, trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided, and heat recovery of gasified gas by metal heat exchanger at low temperature can be performed, so that heat energy can be effectively utilized without waste .
　又、本発明のガス化設備のタール改質方法において、ガス化炉へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼炉で燃焼させ、該燃焼排ガスを前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内に供給し、該改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させることにより、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことなくガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下をより確実に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができる。本発明のガス化設備のタール改質装置において、燃焼炉で燃焼させた燃焼排ガスが供給され、前記改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるセラミックスチューブを備えるようにすれば、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことなくガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下をより確実に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができる。 Further, in the tar reforming method of the gasification facility of the present invention, a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace is combusted in the combustion furnace, and the combustion exhaust gas is placed in the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace. By supplying and raising the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace, the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed, and the gasification gas is burned without burning at all. The tar reforming can be performed while increasing the temperature of the gasification gas without diluting with the exhaust gas and more reliably suppressing the decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas. In the tar reforming apparatus for gasification equipment according to the present invention, the flue gas combusted in the combustion furnace is supplied, and the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace is raised, whereby the tar content in the gasification gas is increased. If the ceramic tube is provided, the temperature of the gasification gas is raised without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas. The tar reforming can be performed while more reliably suppressing the decrease in the amount.
　更に又、本発明のガス化設備のタール改質方法において、前記燃焼炉用の空気を、金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器で前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出することにより効率を高めることができる。本発明のガス化設備のタール改質装置において、前記燃焼炉用の空気を、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出する金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器を備えるようにすれば、効率をより高めることができる。 Furthermore, in the tar reforming method for a gasification facility according to the present invention, the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the inside of the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace by the metal heat exchanger and the ceramic heat exchanger. The efficiency can be increased by lowering the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace and discharging it while raising the temperature and introducing it into the combustion furnace. In the tar reforming apparatus for gasification equipment according to the present invention, the air for the combustion furnace is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and is heated to be introduced into the combustion furnace. However, the efficiency can be further improved by providing a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger that lower the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace and discharge it.
従来例を示す全体概要構成図である。It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows a prior art example. 本発明の実施例を示す全体概要構成図である。1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施例におけるセラミックス熱交換器を示す概略断面図である。It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the ceramic heat exchanger in the Example of this invention. ガス化ガスに対する酸素投入量の比率と改質炉出口温度との関係を、セラミックス熱交換器を設けた場合（本発明）と、セラミックス熱交換器を設けていない場合（従来）とで対比した比較線図である。The relationship between the ratio of the oxygen input to the gasification gas and the reformer outlet temperature was compared between the case where a ceramic heat exchanger was provided (the present invention) and the case where no ceramic heat exchanger was provided (conventional). FIG. 本発明の他の実施例を示す全体概要構成図である。It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows the other Example of this invention.
符号の説明Explanation of symbols
　　１    ガス化炉
　　２    改質炉
　　３    セラミックス熱交換器
　　３ａ  シェル
　　３ｂ  セラミックスチューブ
　　３ｃ  バッフルプレート
　　４    燃焼炉
　　５    セラミックスチューブ
　　６    金属熱交換器
　　７    セラミックス熱交換器 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace 2 Reforming furnace 3 Ceramic heat exchanger 3a Shell 3b Ceramic tube 3c Baffle plate 4 Combustion furnace 5 Ceramic tube 6 Metal heat exchanger 7 Ceramic heat exchanger
　以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
　図２は本発明の実施例であって、図中、図１と同一の符号を付した部分は同一物を表わしており、基本的な構成は図１に示す従来のものと同様であるが、本実施例の特徴とするところは、図２に示す如く、ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガス（６００～９００℃）を改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガス（１１００～１５００℃）と熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉２へ導入するセラミックス熱交換器３を備えた点にある。 FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is the same as the conventional one shown in FIG. The feature of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 2, the gasification gas (600 to 900 ° C.) containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is gasified after the reforming to leave the reforming furnace 2. The ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided which is heat-exchanged with gas (1100 to 1500 ° C.), heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace 2.
　前記セラミックス熱交換器３は、図３に示す如く、シェル３ａ内に、多数のセラミックスチューブ３ｂを配設すると共に、バッフルプレート３ｃを配設してなる、いわゆるシェル・アンド・チューブ式の熱交換器であって、前記ガス化炉１（図２参照）で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを前記シェル３ａ内に流通させつつ、前記改質炉２（図２参照）から出る改質後のガス化ガスをセラミックスチューブ３ｂ内に流通させることにより、前記ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを昇温させて前記改質炉２へ導入する一方、前記改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガスを温度低下（７００～１０００℃）させて下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスに送給するようになっており、およそ８０％程度の高い熱交換効率が得られるものである。 As shown in FIG. 3, the ceramic heat exchanger 3 has a so-called shell-and-tube heat exchange in which a large number of ceramic tubes 3b and a baffle plate 3c are arranged in a shell 3a. After reforming out of the reforming furnace 2 (see FIG. 2) while circulating the gasified gas containing tar generated in the gasifying furnace 1 (see FIG. 2) through the shell 3a The gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace 2 while circulating the gasification gas in the ceramic tube 3b. The reformed gasification gas from the reactor is lowered in temperature (700-1000 ° C) and sent to the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process, resulting in a high heat exchange efficiency of approximately 80%. Et Is shall.
　次に、上記実施例の作用を説明する。 Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.
　燃料がガス化炉１でガス化剤によってガス化されてガス化ガスが生成され、該ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスは、セラミックス熱交換器３で改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換され、昇温して改質炉２へ導入される。 The fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in the gasification furnace 1 to generate gasification gas. The gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is transferred from the reforming furnace 2 by the ceramic heat exchanger 3. Heat is exchanged with the gasification gas after reforming, and the temperature is raised and introduced into the reforming furnace 2.
　前記改質炉２においては、前記ガス化ガスが酸素（又は空気）と混合され、該ガス化ガスの一部が燃焼すると同時にタール分の酸化改質・水蒸気改質反応が進行する。 In the reforming furnace 2, the gasification gas is mixed with oxygen (or air), and a part of the gasification gas is combusted, and at the same time, an oxidation reforming / steam reforming reaction for tar proceeds.
　前記改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガスは、その後、再び前記セラミックス熱交換器３に導かれ、該セラミックス熱交換器３において前記ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスと熱交換し、温度低下されて下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスに導かれる。 The reformed gasification gas exiting from the reforming furnace 2 is then led to the ceramic heat exchanger 3 again, and the gasification containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 in the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is performed. It exchanges heat with the gas, and the temperature is lowered, leading to a downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process.
　この結果、タール分を改質させる反応温度まで温度を上昇させるためにガス化ガスを多量に燃焼させなくて済み、改質炉へ投入する酸素量が抑えられ、製品となるガス化ガスの発熱量を大きく低下させずに、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルが避けられると共に、低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器（特に図示していないが、下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスへ通じるライン途中に設けることができる）による熱回収を行うことも可能となり、熱エネルギーの無駄も少なくなる。又、酸素量を変化させることで改質炉２の温度をコントロールすることが可能で、温度制御も容易に行える。 As a result, it is not necessary to burn a large amount of gasification gas to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content, the amount of oxygen to be input to the reforming furnace is suppressed, and the heat of the gasification gas as a product is generated. The trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided without greatly reducing the amount, and metal heat exchanger for gasification gas at low temperature (not particularly shown, but it leads to downstream purification process and chemical synthesis process It is also possible to perform heat recovery in the middle of the line), and the waste of heat energy is reduced. Further, the temperature of the reforming furnace 2 can be controlled by changing the amount of oxygen, and the temperature can be easily controlled.
　因みに、図４はガス化ガスに対する酸素投入量の比率と改質炉２出口温度との関係を、セラミックス熱交換器３を設けた場合（本発明）と、セラミックス熱交換器３を設けていない場合（従来）とで対比した比較線図であって、この図から明らかなように、例えば、従来のようにセラミックス熱交換器３を設けていない場合、ガス化ガスの改質炉２出口温度をおよそ１２００℃まで上げるのにガス化ガスの約２０％の酸素が必要であったが、本発明の実施例のようにセラミックス熱交換器３を設けた場合、酸素投入量を約半分の１０％に減らせることが確認された。 4 shows the relationship between the ratio of the oxygen input to the gasification gas and the outlet temperature of the reforming furnace 2 when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided (the present invention) and when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is not provided. FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram compared with the case (conventional). As is clear from this figure, for example, when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is not provided as in the conventional case, the outlet temperature of the gasification gas reforming furnace 2 About 20% oxygen of the gasification gas is required to raise the temperature to about 1200 ° C. However, when the ceramic heat exchanger 3 is provided as in the embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen input amount is about half of 10%. % Was confirmed.
　こうして、非常に少ない酸素量・燃焼量でガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下を最小限に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができ、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルを回避し得、且つ低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器による熱回収を行うこともでき、熱エネルギーを無駄なく有効活用し得る。 In this way, it is possible to raise the temperature of the gasification gas with a very small amount of oxygen and combustion, and to perform tar reforming while minimizing a decrease in the calorific value of the gasification gas. In addition, the heat recovery of the gasification gas at a low temperature by the metal heat exchanger can be performed, and the heat energy can be effectively utilized without waste.
　図５は本発明の他の実施例であって、図中、図２と同一の符号を付した部分は同一物を表わしており、基本的な構成は図２に示すものと同様であるが、本実施例の特徴とするところは、図５に示す如く、前記ガス化炉１へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼させる燃焼炉４と、
  前記改質炉２内に配設され、前記燃焼炉４で燃焼させた燃焼排ガスが供給され、前記改質炉２内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるセラミックスチューブ５と、
  前記燃焼炉４用の空気を、前記改質炉２内に配設したセラミックスチューブ５内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉４へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉２内に配設したセラミックスチューブ５内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出する金属熱交換器６（８００～９００℃以下の低温域）及びセラミックス熱交換器７（８００～９００℃以上の高温域）と
  を備えた点にある。 FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same components, and the basic configuration is the same as that shown in FIG. The feature of this embodiment is that, as shown in FIG. 5, a combustion furnace 4 for burning a part of the fuel supplied to the gasifier 1,
Tars contained in the gasification gas are provided in the reforming furnace 2 and supplied with combustion exhaust gas combusted in the combustion furnace 4 to raise the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace 2. A ceramic tube 5 for modifying the component;
While the air for the combustion furnace 4 is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube 5 disposed in the reforming furnace 2, the temperature is raised and introduced into the combustion furnace 4. Metal heat exchanger 6 (low temperature range of 800 to 900 ° C. or lower) and ceramic heat exchanger 7 (high temperature range of 800 to 900 ° C. or higher) for discharging the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube 5 disposed in It is in the point with and.
　図５に示す例では、燃料がガス化炉１でガス化剤によってガス化されてガス化ガスが生成され、該ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスは、セラミックス熱交換器３で改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換され、昇温して改質炉２へ導入される一方、金属熱交換器６及びセラミックス熱交換器７を通過して昇温された空気が燃焼炉４へ導かれ、該燃焼炉４でガス化炉１へ供給される燃料の一部が燃焼されてその燃焼排ガスが、前記改質炉２内に配設されたセラミックスチューブ５内へ供給される。 In the example shown in FIG. 5, the fuel is gasified in the gasification furnace 1 by a gasifying agent to generate gasification gas, and the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 is a ceramic heat exchanger. 3, heat is exchanged with the reformed gasification gas exiting the reforming furnace 2, and the temperature is raised and introduced into the reforming furnace 2, while passing through the metal heat exchanger 6 and the ceramic heat exchanger 7. The heated air is guided to the combustion furnace 4, a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace 1 is combusted in the combustion furnace 4, and the combustion exhaust gas is disposed in the reforming furnace 2. It is supplied into the tube 5.
　これにより、前記改質炉２においては、前記燃焼炉４で燃焼されて前記セラミックスチューブ５内へ供給される燃焼排ガスの熱により、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことなく昇温させることが可能となり、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分が改質され、該改質炉２から出る改質後のガス化ガスは、その後、再び前記セラミックス熱交換器３に導かれ、該セラミックス熱交換器３において前記ガス化炉１で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスと熱交換し、温度低下されて下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスに導かれる一方、前記改質炉２内に配設したセラミックスチューブ５内から出る燃焼排ガスは、前記セラミックス熱交換器７と金属熱交換器６とを順次通過し、前記燃焼炉４用の空気と熱交換して温度低下し排出される。 As a result, in the reforming furnace 2, the gasified gas is not burned at all by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas that is burned in the combustion furnace 4 and supplied into the ceramic tube 5, and the gasified gas is not burned. The tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed, and the reformed gasification gas exiting from the reforming furnace 2 is then returned to the ceramics again. The heat is exchanged with the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace 1 in the ceramic heat exchanger 3 and is led to the downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process. On the other hand, the combustion exhaust gas coming out of the ceramic tube 5 disposed in the reforming furnace 2 sequentially passes through the ceramic heat exchanger 7 and the metal heat exchanger 6 to empty the combustion furnace 4. And heat exchange is then temperature drop discharged.
　この結果、図５に示す例では、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことなく、タール分を改質させる反応温度まで温度を上昇させることが可能となり、改質炉へ酸素（又は空気）を投入しなくて済み、製品となるガス化ガスの発熱量を大きく低下させずに、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルが避けられると共に、低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器（特に図示していないが、下流側の精製プロセスや化学合成プロセスへ通じるライン途中に設けることができる）による熱回収を行うことも可能となり、熱エネルギーの無駄も少なくなる。又、前記燃焼炉４へ供給する燃料及び空気量を変化させることで改質炉２の温度をコントロールすることが可能で、温度制御も容易に行える。 As a result, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the temperature can be raised to the reaction temperature for reforming the tar content without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas. Therefore, it is not necessary to supply oxygen (or air) to the reforming furnace, the trouble of downstream equipment due to tar can be avoided without greatly reducing the calorific value of the gasification gas that is the product, and gas at low temperature It is also possible to perform heat recovery with a gas heat exchanger for chemical gas (not shown, but can be installed in the middle of the line leading to a downstream purification process or chemical synthesis process), and waste of heat energy is reduced. Become. Further, the temperature of the reforming furnace 2 can be controlled by changing the amount of fuel and air supplied to the combustion furnace 4, and the temperature can be easily controlled.
　こうして、図５に示す例の場合、ガス化ガスを全く燃焼させずに且つガス化ガスを燃焼排ガスで希釈してしまうことなくガス化ガスの温度を上げ、該ガス化ガスの発熱量の低下をより確実に抑えつつタール改質を行うことができ、タールによる下流側機器のトラブルを回避し得、且つ低温でのガス化ガスの金属熱交換器６による熱回収を行うこともでき、熱エネルギーを無駄なく有効活用し得る。
　尚、本発明のガス化設備のタール改質方法及び装置は、上述の実施例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることは勿論である。 Thus, in the case of the example shown in FIG. 5, the temperature of the gasification gas is raised without burning the gasification gas at all and without diluting the gasification gas with the combustion exhaust gas, and the calorific value of the gasification gas is reduced. The tar reforming can be carried out while more reliably suppressing the trouble, the trouble of the downstream equipment due to the tar can be avoided, and the heat recovery by the metal heat exchanger 6 of the gasification gas at a low temperature can be carried out. Energy can be used effectively without waste.
The tar reforming method and apparatus for gasification equipment of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. .

Claims (6)

  1. 　燃料をガス化炉でガス化剤によってガス化してガス化ガスを生成し、該ガス化ガスを改質炉へ導入し、該改質炉で前記ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるガス化設備のタール改質方法であって、
      前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを、セラミックス熱交換器で改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入することを特徴とするガス化設備のタール改質方法。     The fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate a gasification gas, the gasification gas is introduced into the reforming furnace, and the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed in the reforming furnace. A tar reforming method for gasification equipment,
    The gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace is heat-exchanged with the gasification gas after the reforming that comes out of the reforming furnace with a ceramic heat exchanger, and is heated to be introduced into the reforming furnace. A characteristic tar reforming method for gasification equipment.
  2. 　前記ガス化炉へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼炉で燃焼させ、該燃焼排ガスを前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内に供給し、該改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させる請求項１記載のガス化設備のタール改質方法。 A part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace is burned in a combustion furnace, the combustion exhaust gas is supplied into a ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and the gasification gas in the reforming furnace is raised. The tar reforming method for a gasification facility according to claim 1, wherein the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed by heating.
  3. 　前記燃焼炉用の空気を、金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器で前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出する請求項２記載のガス化設備のタール改質方法。 While the combustion furnace air is heat-exchanged with the combustion exhaust gas coming out of the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace with a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger, the temperature is raised and introduced into the combustion furnace, The method for tar reforming gasification equipment according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace is lowered and discharged.
  4. 　燃料をガス化炉でガス化剤によってガス化してガス化ガスを生成し、該ガス化ガスを改質炉へ導入し、該改質炉で前記ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるガス化設備のタール改質装置であって、
      前記ガス化炉で生成されたタールを含むガス化ガスを前記改質炉から出る改質後のガス化ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて改質炉へ導入するセラミックス熱交換器を備えたことを特徴とするガス化設備のタール改質装置。     The fuel is gasified with a gasifying agent in a gasification furnace to generate a gasification gas, the gasification gas is introduced into the reforming furnace, and the tar content contained in the gasification gas is reformed in the reforming furnace. A tar reforming device for gasification equipment,
    A ceramic heat exchanger is provided that heat-exchanges the gasification gas containing tar generated in the gasification furnace with the gasification gas after reforming that exits the reforming furnace, and raises the temperature to introduce the gasification gas into the reforming furnace. A tar reforming apparatus for gasification equipment.
  5. 　前記ガス化炉へ供給される燃料の一部を燃焼させる燃焼炉と、
      前記改質炉内に配設され、前記燃焼炉で燃焼させた燃焼排ガスが供給され、前記改質炉内のガス化ガスを昇温させることにより、該ガス化ガスに含まれるタール分を改質させるセラミックスチューブを備えた請求項４記載のガス化設備のタール改質装置。     A combustion furnace for burning a part of the fuel supplied to the gasification furnace;
    Combustion exhaust gas disposed in the reforming furnace and combusted in the combustion furnace is supplied, and the temperature of the gasification gas in the reforming furnace is raised, thereby modifying the tar content in the gasification gas. The tar reforming apparatus for gasification equipment according to claim 4, further comprising a ceramic tube to be refined.
  6. 　前記燃焼炉用の空気を、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスと熱交換させ、昇温させて燃焼炉へ導入しつつ、前記改質炉内に配設したセラミックスチューブ内から出る燃焼排ガスを温度低下させて排出する金属熱交換器及びセラミックス熱交換器を備えた請求項５記載のガス化設備のタール改質装置。 Ceramics disposed in the reforming furnace while the heat for the combustion furnace air is exchanged with combustion exhaust gas emitted from the ceramic tube disposed in the reforming furnace, and the temperature is raised and introduced into the combustion furnace. 6. The tar reforming apparatus for gasification equipment according to claim 5, further comprising a metal heat exchanger and a ceramic heat exchanger that discharge the combustion exhaust gas emitted from the inside of the tube while lowering the temperature.
PCT/JP2009/000958 2008-03-10 2009-03-03 Method and apparatus for reforming tar in gasification equipment WO2009113270A1 (en)

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