JP2009102594A - Gasification furnace system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification furnace system equipped with a rotary kiln type gasification furnace, a reforming furnace and a char gasification/combustion furnace, with high thermal efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: The gasification furnace system includes a combustion furnace provided with a fuel inlet pipe to introduce a fuel from the outside to combust in the furnace, wherein a gasification furnace, a reforming furnace having a catalyst layer, and a char gasification/combustion furnace are placed in the combustion furnace. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a small gasifier system for processing and recycling biomass such as livestock excreta.

  As methods for treating livestock feces by heating, carbonization treatment and gasification treatment are broadly known. In Japan, where many small-scale livestock farmers are often dispersed in a narrow area, it is required that the stool processing apparatus be small and easy to operate. However, in general, small carbonizers and gasifiers have poor thermal efficiency, and are used to heat the furnace in the initial stage of operation, and are not profitable considering kerosene and gas costs for external combustion. There is.

  In particular, livestock feces contain a large amount of water, and the carbon component ratio is low, so the improvement in thermal efficiency is significant due to the low gas yield, high temperature gasification, and the small size of the device. It was an issue.

  As a method for solving such a problem, an apparatus described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed as a small gasifier using a woody biomass as a processing target.

  This device has a rotary kiln type gasification structure, has a structure for transporting char generated in the primary gasification furnace to an external char combustion furnace, and hot air from the char combustion furnace to the primary gasification furnace Introduced to improve thermal efficiency. In addition, the product gas generated in the primary gasification furnace is guided to the reforming furnace and subjected to high-temperature treatment (900 ° C to 1000 ° C or more) to perform thermal decomposition treatment of tar content and harmful gas contained in the product gas. .

Since this device does not depend on the shape of the raw material or the amount of moisture, there are advantages such as being very easy to handle and having a simple structure.
JP 2004-352960 A

  However, since the char combustion furnace and the reforming furnace are installed outside, and the reforming furnace is a high-temperature treatment, it has been desired to further improve the thermal efficiency.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and a gasification furnace system having high thermal efficiency in a gasification furnace system including a rotary kiln type gasification furnace, a reforming furnace, and a char gasification / combustion furnace. It is an issue to provide.

  The present invention is characterized by the following in order to solve the above problems.

  First, a gasification furnace system according to the present invention includes a gasification furnace for gasifying a raw material by supplying the raw material into a cylindrical furnace provided with a stirring blade inside, and a modification of the gas generated in the gasification furnace. A gasification furnace system comprising a gasification furnace and a char gasification / combustion furnace that gasifies or combusts char extracted from the gasification furnace and supplies the resulting heat as a heat source of the system. The system includes a combustion furnace provided with a fuel introduction pipe for introducing fuel to be burned in the furnace from the outside, and in the combustion furnace, a gasification furnace, a reforming furnace having a catalyst layer, and char gasification / A combustion furnace is arranged.

  Second, the first gasification furnace system is characterized in that the reforming furnace is provided with a steam inlet for introducing steam into the catalyst layer.

  Thirdly, in the first or second gasification furnace system, the char generated in the gasification furnace is continuously provided between the char take-out port of the gasification furnace and the char introduction port of the char gasification / combustion furnace. A char transport passage for introduction into the char gasification / combustion furnace is provided.

  Fourth, in any one of the first to third gasification furnace systems, a burner including a heat recovery means and a heat storage means for heating the inside of the combustion furnace with fuel from the fuel introduction pipe is provided in the combustion furnace. It is provided.

  Fifth, the gasification furnace system according to any one of the first to fourth aspects is characterized in that a catalyst layer of the reforming furnace is filled with a nickel-based, iron-based, or alkali metal-based catalyst.

  Sixth, in any of the first to fifth gasification furnace systems, a temperature detection means for controlling the temperature in the furnace is provided in the combustion furnace and / or the char gasification / combustion furnace. It is characterized by that.

  Seventh, the sixth gasification furnace system is characterized by comprising means for controlling the amount of air introduced into the combustion furnace based on a signal from the temperature detection means.

  Eighth, the sixth or seventh gasification furnace system is characterized by comprising means for controlling the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace based on a signal from the temperature detection means.

  According to the first invention, the gasification furnace and the char gasification / combustion furnace are disposed in the combustion furnace, and the primary gasification reaction and the secondary char gasification / combustion are performed in one furnace. Thermal energy can be used effectively, and thermal efficiency can be greatly increased.

  In addition to the gasification furnace and the char gasification / combustion furnace, the reforming furnace is placed in the combustion furnace and the reforming reaction is performed using the heat in the furnace, further reducing energy loss and improving thermal efficiency. Can be increased.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the steam introduction port is provided in the reforming furnace and steam is introduced into the catalyst layer, the hydrogen-rich gas is reformed by reforming the tar content gasified in the gasification furnace. Can be generated. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the work of cleaning the adhered tar in the reforming furnace.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the char transport passage is provided between the char take-out port of the gasification furnace and the char introduction port of the char gasification / combustion furnace, the char is continuously carried into the char gasification / combustion furnace. can do. As a result, the amount of combustion heat generated in the char gasification / combustion furnace can be stably obtained, temperature variations in the combustion furnace can be reduced, and thermal efficiency is further improved.

  According to the fourth aspect, by using the burner provided with the heat recovery means and the heat storage means, the heat of the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace can be recovered, and the thermal efficiency of the gasification furnace system can be further increased.

  According to the fifth aspect, since the specific catalyst is used as the catalyst for the reforming furnace, the product gas from the gasification furnace can be efficiently reformed.

  According to the sixth aspect of the invention, since the temperature detection means for controlling the temperature in the furnace is provided in the combustion furnace or the char gasification / combustion furnace, the combustion furnace and the char gasification / combustion furnace are controlled based on the signal from the temperature detection means. By controlling the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace, the amount of heat generated in the furnace can be controlled.

  According to the seventh aspect, the amount of heat generated in the combustion furnace can be controlled by controlling the amount of air introduced into the combustion furnace based on the signal from the temperature detection means.

  According to the eighth aspect, the amount of heat generated in the char gasification / combustion furnace can be controlled by controlling the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace based on the signal from the temperature detection means.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a gasification furnace system in a first embodiment of the present invention. The gasification furnace system 1 includes a combustion furnace 10, and in the combustion furnace 10, a gasification furnace 20 that gasifies a raw material, a reforming furnace 30 for gas generated in the gasification furnace, and a gasification A char gasification / combustion furnace 40 for gasifying or burning the char taken out from the furnace 20 is disposed.

  A burner 11 is provided on the wall of the combustion furnace 10. Fuel is introduced from the outside through the fuel introduction pipe 12, and air as an oxidant is introduced from the outside through the air introduction pipe 13. Fuel is burned in the combustion furnace 10 to generate heat in the furnace. Reference numeral 14 in the figure denotes an exhaust pipe.

  The gasification furnace 20 is a kiln type gasification furnace, and includes a stirring blade 21 in a horizontal cylindrical furnace. Raw materials such as livestock feces are introduced into the gasification furnace 20 from the raw material introduction port 22, and the produced gas containing tar gasified using the heat generated in the combustion furnace 10 is discharged from the produced gas discharge port 23. Then, it is introduced into the reforming furnace 30. The char generated in the gasification furnace 20 is taken out from the char take-out port 24.

  The reforming furnace 30 disposed above the gasification furnace 20 includes a catalyst layer (not shown) in the furnace, and tar content in the product gas introduced from the product gas introduction port 32 is converted into the combustion furnace 10. The reformed gas that does not contain tar is decomposed by using the heat generated from the reformed gas and is taken out from the reformed gas take-out pipe 50. As a catalyst filled in the catalyst layer, for example, a nickel-based, iron-based, or alkali metal-based catalyst can be used.

  The char gasification / combustion furnace 40 disposed below the gasification furnace 20 has a kiln type structure like the gasification furnace 20, and includes a stirring blade 41 in a horizontal cylindrical furnace. The char taken out from the gasification furnace 20 is introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 from the char introduction port 42, and the char is combusted by introducing air from the air introduction port 43, thereby generating heat in the combustion furnace 10. It is supposed to let you.

  The heat obtained by burning the char is used as a heat source for the gasification of the gasification furnace 20 and the catalytic reforming reaction of the reforming furnace 30. The CO gas generated by the combustion of the char is introduced into the combustion furnace 10 through the gas supply port 51 and burned, and the heat generated by the combustion is converted into gasification in the gasification furnace 20 and catalytic reforming in the reforming furnace 30. Used as a heat source for the reaction. The ash produced in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 is discharged to the outside from the residue outlet 44.

  In the gasification furnace system 1 having the above-described configuration, the combustion furnace 10 is heated and maintained at a predetermined temperature by combustion heat generated by the burner 11, and then raw materials such as livestock feces are fed into the gasification furnace 20 from the raw material introduction port 22. The raw material is gasified by performing a pyrolysis reaction while rotating the kiln.

  Then, the product gas containing the gasified tar generated by the thermal decomposition reaction is sent to the catalyst layer of the reforming furnace 30. As a result, the gasified tar content is decomposed, and the reformed gas not containing the tar content is discharged from the reformed gas take-out pipe 50.

  On the other hand, char is recovered from the char take-out port 24 of the gasification furnace 20, char is supplied from the char introduction port 42 into the char gasification / combustion furnace 40, and char is gasified or burned in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40. Let

  According to such a gasification furnace system 1, a heat quantity deficiency due to an endothermic reaction in the gasification furnace 20 or a heat quantity necessary for the catalyst layer of the reforming furnace 30 can be covered by heat generation due to char combustion or the like. In addition, if the amount of heat is insufficient with only the combustion heat of char, a part of the generated gas in the gasification furnace 20 may be used, or external fuel may be burned with the burner 11 to cover the shortage of heat. it can. As a result, the thermal efficiency of the gasifier system 1 can be increased as compared with the conventional case.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a gasification furnace system according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same component as 1st Embodiment is represented with the same code | symbol, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, but steam is supplied to the catalyst layer in the reforming furnace 30 by providing the reforming furnace 30 with the steam inlet 33. Yes.

  That is, the product gas containing the tar component gasified in the gasification furnace 20 is caused to flow from the product gas introduction port 32 to the catalyst layer, and the steam is caused to flow from the steam introduction port 33 to the catalyst layer. The tar content can be decomposed in the state, and a hydrogen-rich reformed gas can be generated. Furthermore, operations such as cleaning of adhered tar can be reduced, and thermal efficiency can be further improved. The reformed gas that has undergone steam reforming and reformed to hydrogen or the like is taken out from the reformed gas take-out pipe 50 and used for power generation or the like.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a gasification furnace system in a third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same component as 1st and 2nd embodiment is represented with the same code | symbol, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In this embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as in the first and second embodiments, but the char take-out port 24 of the gasification furnace 20 and the char introduction port 42 of the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 are connected. A char transport passage 52 is provided.

  By providing the char transport passage 52 in this manner, the char generated in the gasification furnace 20 can be continuously carried into the char gasification / combustion furnace 40. As a result, the amount of heat generated by char gasification / combustion in the combustion furnace 40 can be stably obtained, temperature variations in the combustion furnace 10 can be reduced, and thermal efficiency is improved.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a gasifier system in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in the first to third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as in the first to third embodiments, but as a burner provided on the wall portion of the combustion furnace 10, a heat storage type heat recovery unit provided with a heat recovery unit and a heat storage unit. A burner 15 is used.

  As the heat storage type heat recovery burner 15, a conventionally known one can be used, and the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 10 is recovered and stored as heat by the heat recovery means and the heat storage means and used for combustion of external fuel. I am doing so.

  Since the heat of the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 10 can be recovered by using the regenerative heat recovery burner 15 in this manner, the thermal efficiency of the gasification furnace system 1 can be further increased.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a gasifier system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Note that the same components as those in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  In this embodiment, the basic configuration is the same as in the first to fourth embodiments, but the first temperature detector 53a is provided in the combustion furnace 10, and the second temperature detector is provided in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40. 53b is provided.

  The first temperature detector 53 a and the second temperature detector 53 b are electrically connected to a temperature control device 54 installed outside the combustion furnace 10. The temperature control device 54 controls the operation of an air blower (not shown) provided at the inlet of the air introduction pipe 13 of the combustion furnace 10 based on a signal from the first temperature detector 53a to detect the second temperature. The operation of an air blower (not shown) provided at the inlet of the air inlet 43 of the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 is controlled based on the signal from the vessel 53b.

  A control flow of the temperature control device 54 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, the amount of fuel is introduced into the combustion furnace 10 from the fuel introduction pipe 12, air is introduced from the air introduction pipe 13 (S1), and the burner 11 is ignited (S2). The operation of the gasifier system 1 is started by raising the temperature.

  Next, the temperature in the combustion furnace 10 is detected by the first temperature detector 53a (S3). At this time, if the detected temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the temperature in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 is subsequently detected by the second temperature detector 53b (S4).

  On the other hand, when the temperature detected by the first temperature detector 53a is higher than the preset temperature, the temperature control device 54 controls the operation of the air blower provided at the inlet of the air introduction pipe 13 of the combustion furnace 10 and performs combustion. The amount of air introduced into the furnace 10 is reduced (S6). As a result, the temperature in the combustion furnace 10 is lowered to a set temperature or lower, and then step S4 is performed.

  In S4, when the detected temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the routine is ended (S5), and then the process returns to S3 to operate the gasifier system 1 while repeating the same steps.

  On the other hand, when the temperature detected by the second temperature detector 53b is higher than the preset temperature, the temperature control device 54 operates the air blower provided at the inlet of the air inlet 43 of the char gasification / combustion furnace 40. Control and reduce the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 (S5). As a result, the temperature in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 is lowered to the set temperature or lower, and then the routine is terminated (S5), and then the process returns to S3 to operate the gasification furnace system 1 while repeating similar steps.

  With the above control, the amount of heat generated in the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 can be controlled, and the temperature of the furnace outer wall can be prevented from becoming abnormally high. Further, when the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 is reduced, carbon monoxide is generated due to incomplete combustion of carbon. By introducing the carbon monoxide into the combustion furnace 10 through the gas supply port 51, Since it can be used as combustion energy, the temperature in the combustion furnace 10 can be controlled to a safe and comparatively uniform temperature.

  The first temperature detector 53a may be installed either between the gasification furnace 20 and the reforming furnace 30 or on the outer wall of the reforming furnace 30 in order to detect the air temperature in the combustion furnace 10. preferable. The second temperature detector 53b is installed on the outer wall of the char gasification / combustion furnace 40 or inside thereof.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.
<Example 1>
Gasification of 25% moisture pork was performed using the gasifier system 1 shown in FIG. The basic structure of the gasifier system 1 is the same as that of the fourth embodiment. In the figure, the same components as those of the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. In addition, reference numeral 60 is a hopper for supplying pork, 61 is an air fan, 62 is an exhaust fan, 63 is a water evaporator, 64 is a cooler, 65 is a gas holder, 66 is a cooling tower, and 67 is ion-exchanged water.

  The operation was performed at 1 kg / h while introducing pork from the hopper 60 into the gasifier 20. Table 1 shows the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of each component during operation at the positions indicated by the numbers in the diamonds.

  The composition of the gas produced in the gasification furnace 20 and reformed by the catalyst layer in the reforming furnace 30 was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

The LHV was 2,256 kcal / Nm ³ and the effective amount of generated gas was 0.59 Nm ³ / h. The gasification efficiency was 50%.

It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace system in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace system in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace system in the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace system in the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the gasification furnace system in the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control flow of a temperature control apparatus. It is the figure which showed the gasification furnace system of the Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gasification furnace system 10 Combustion furnace 11 Burner 12 Fuel introduction pipe 13 Air introduction pipe 14 Exhaust pipe 15 Regenerative heat recovery burner 20 Gasification furnace 21 Stirrer blade 22 Raw material introduction port 23 Product gas discharge port 24 Char take-out port 30 Modification Furnace 32 Product gas introduction port 33 Steam introduction port 34 Product gas introduction tube 40 Char gasification / combustion furnace 41 Stir blade 42 Char introduction port 43 Air introduction port 44 Residue removal port 50 Reformed gas removal tube 51 Gas supply port 52 Char transport passage 53a First temperature detector 53b Second temperature detector 54 Temperature control device 60 Hopper 61 Air fan 62 Exhaust fan 63 Water evaporator 64 Cooler 65 Gas holder 66 Cooling tower 67 Ion exchange water

Claims (8)

  A gasification furnace that gasifies the raw material by supplying the raw material into a cylindrical furnace equipped with stirring blades inside, a reforming furnace for the gas generated in the gasification furnace, and a char taken out from the gasification furnace A gasification furnace system comprising a char gasification / combustion furnace that gasifies or burns and supplies the resulting heat as a heat source for the system, wherein the gasification furnace system externally supplies fuel for combustion in the furnace A combustion furnace provided with a fuel introduction pipe to be introduced, and a gasification furnace, a reforming furnace equipped with a catalyst layer, and a char gasification / combustion furnace are arranged in the combustion furnace. Gasifier system.   The gasification furnace system according to claim 1, wherein a steam introduction port for introducing steam into the catalyst layer is provided in the reforming furnace.   Between the char take-out port of the gasification furnace and the char introduction port of the char gasification / combustion furnace, a char transport passage for continuously introducing the char generated in the gasification furnace into the char gasification / combustion furnace is provided. The gasifier system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein   The gas according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a burner having a heat recovery means and a heat storage means for heating the inside of the combustion furnace with fuel from the fuel introduction pipe is provided in the combustion furnace. Furnace system.   The gasification furnace system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a catalyst layer of the reforming furnace is filled with a nickel-based, iron-based, or alkali metal-based catalyst.   The gasification furnace system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein temperature detection means for controlling the temperature in the furnace is provided in the combustion furnace and / or the char gasification / combustion furnace. .   The gasifier system according to claim 6, further comprising means for controlling the amount of air introduced into the combustion furnace based on a signal from the temperature detection means.   8. The gasifier system according to claim 6, further comprising means for controlling the amount of air introduced into the char gasification / combustion furnace based on a signal from the temperature detection means.

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