WO2009111090A1 - Bloc transducteur pour ammoniaque - Google Patents

Bloc transducteur pour ammoniaque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009111090A1
WO2009111090A1 PCT/US2009/030245 US2009030245W WO2009111090A1 WO 2009111090 A1 WO2009111090 A1 WO 2009111090A1 US 2009030245 W US2009030245 W US 2009030245W WO 2009111090 A1 WO2009111090 A1 WO 2009111090A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
disposed
ammonia
transducer assembly
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/030245
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas B. Mckechnie
Andrzej F. Rybacha
Arthur Scheffler
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Publication of WO2009111090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009111090A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0054—Ammonia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to transducer assemblies, such as ammonia transducer assemblies suitable for use in agricultural buildings.
  • Ammonia is formed in indoor livestock farming, when food and animal waste combine with water.
  • Ammonia emissions in agricultural buildings are known to be detrimental to the wellbeing of livestock.
  • harmful levels of ammonia may cause stress, poor health, lower weight, reduced productivity and even death of farm animals and poultry.
  • Some studies have indicated that poultry yield is affected by ammonia concentrations in the range of 10 to 20 ppm.
  • the building may be provided with large openings along its length for natural ventilation, which in turn may be provided with adjustable curtains to control air inflow.
  • the building may be totally enclosed and dependent on mechanical ventilation for substantially all air exchange, in which case fans may be located at spaced positions along the length of the building.
  • Bird health and performance are also directly related to the moisture level of the litter in the house. Chickens are extremely sensitive to dust, and if the litter becomes too dry, respiratory problems can affect an entire flock. On the other hand, if the litter remains too moist, it encourages the growth of harmful bacteria, incubating diseases such as coccidiosis, which is one of the most devastating of the poultry diseases, and which can infect an entire flock. Thus, it is critical for the health of the flock, and for the economic operation of the poultry house, to maintain the moisture level in the litter at a healthful level.
  • the amounts of ventilation and heating should be optimized to save energy, while keeping the levels of ammonia, temperature and humidity at the appropriate levels.
  • automated and computerized environmental control systems have been developed that rely on sensors that measure various environmental parameters and provide that information to a computer for processing and comparison to predetermined values. Based on the result of the comparison, the poultry house environment may be adjusted, for example by providing additional ventilation and/or heat.
  • portable ammonia sensors suitable for use in agricultural buildings that are inexpensive, reliable and easy to use.
  • ammonia sensors that can be easily integrated with a variety of environmental control systems for agricultural buildings.
  • the present disclosure is directed to an ammonia transducer assembly for use in agricultural buildings.
  • the exemplary ammonia transducer assembly includes a housing having a first opening and a second opening.
  • the exemplary ammonia transducer assembly further includes a sensor having a gas sensing layer selectively tuned to ammonia and a pair of electrodes disposed in contact with the gas sensing layer.
  • the sensor is disposed within the housing such that the gas sensing layer is exposed to the environment outside the housing.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly also includes a circuit assembly disposed within the housing and connected to the electrodes of the sensor.
  • a support member is connected to the circuit assembly, the support member being at least partially disposed within the second opening of the housing.
  • the present disclosure is also directed to an ammonia transducer assembly for use in agricultural buildings.
  • the exemplary ammonia transducer assembly includes a housing having a first opening and a second opening disposed opposite the first opening.
  • the exemplary ammonia transducer assembly further includes a sensor having a gas sensing layer selectively tuned to ammonia and a pair of electrodes disposed in contact with the gas sensing layer.
  • the sensor is disposed within the housing such that the gas sensing layer is exposed to the environment outside the housing.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly also includes a circuit assembly disposed within the housing and connected to the electrodes of the sensor and a support member connected to the housing.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a transducer assembly, which includes a housing having a first opening and a second opening disposed opposite the first opening.
  • a sensor is disposed within the housing such that it is exposed to the environment outside the housing.
  • the exemplary transducer assembly also includes a support member that is at least partially disposed within the second opening of the housing.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary ammonia transducer assembly according to the present disclosure
  • Figure 2A shows a perspective view of a sensor according to the present disclosure
  • Figure 2B shows a partial cross-sectional view of the sensor of Figure 2 A
  • Figure 3 shows a plot of the sensitivity function of the metal oxide sensor shown and described in connection with Figures 1, 2 A and 2B;
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a basic measurement circuit for a sensor
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a printed circuit assembly
  • Figure 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a support member
  • Figure 7 shows schematically an exploded view of an exemplary ammonia transducer assembly according to the present disclosure.
  • Exemplary ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure may present several features that are well suited to the environment of an agricultural building in general and a poultry house in particular.
  • the ammonia transducer assemblies are easy to use - the gas sensor may be pre-calibrated with linear output proportional to the concentration of ammonia gas expected to be present during use.
  • exemplary ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure may be implemented similarly to known temperature sensors for use in poultry houses that are suspended from the ceiling and disposed at a height that can be adjusted during the poultry growth cycle to allow for measurement of temperature in the area where the poultry are located while still being out of their reach.
  • ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure are expected to be relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture. Further, ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure can be disposable and easily replaceable. The optional quick-connect fitting may be used to facilitate installation and replacement. Moreover, the assemblies of the present invention may have a durable construction, in which the components disposed inside the housing may be sealed against dust and water intrusion.
  • Ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure can be designed to work with any control panel of an environmental control system. For example, they may be designed for use with a control panel that accepts a current based analog output of 4 to 20 niA, or they could be modified to work with a voltage output, a digital output, or any other suitable output.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary ammonia transducer assembly 100 according to the present disclosure.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly 100 may be suitable for use in agricultural buildings, such as poultry houses.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly 100 includes a housing 30, which has a first opening 32 and a second opening 34 (not shown).
  • the second opening 32 is disposed generally opposite the first opening 32.
  • the housing may include a body portion 31 , which may be cylindrical in shape, and one or more caps 33, 35.
  • the one or more caps 33, 35 may be at least partially disposed over the body portion 31.
  • the first opening 32 may be formed in a first cap 33 and the second opening 34 may be formed in a second cap 35.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly 100 further includes a support member 40, which may be used to support the housing 30 thereon.
  • the support member 40 may include an elongated member 42 having a proximal end 44 and a distal end 46.
  • the proximal end 44 of the elongated member 42 is preferably at least partially disposed within the second opening 34 or it may extend through the second opening into the interior of the housing 30.
  • the support member 40 may be attached to the exterior of the housing 30.
  • the distal end of the elongated member 42 may have a quick-connect fitting 50 attached thereto.
  • the quick-connect fitting 50 may be used to plug the ammonia transducer assembly 100 into a socket of an environmental control system for an agricultural building and can be locked in, for example, by twisting.
  • the socket can be on the ceiling and the elongated member 42 can be adjusted in length, so that the ammonia transducer assembly 100 can be raised or otherwise repositioned as the animals or poultry grow.
  • the position of the ammonia transducer assembly should be as close to the animals or poultry as possible, in order to accurately detect ammonia levels they encounter, but it also must be out of reach of the animals or poultry so that they do not damage or deactivate the assembly.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly 100 further includes a sensor, such as a metal oxide sensor having a gas sensing layer selectively tuned to ammonia.
  • the sensor is typically disposed within the housing 30, e.g., proximate the first opening 32, such that the gas sensing layer is exposed to environment outside the housing.
  • a sensor such as a metal oxide sensor having a gas sensing layer selectively tuned to ammonia.
  • the sensor is typically disposed within the housing 30, e.g., proximate the first opening 32, such that the gas sensing layer is exposed to environment outside the housing.
  • TGS Tin Oxide Gas
  • Such sensors are available, for example, from Figaro USA Inc., under the designation TGS 2444.
  • the sensor 500 has a housing 520, and four pins 501, 502, 503 and 504. A projection 510 is typically disposed between the pins 501 and 504.
  • the sensor 500 includes a sensing assembly within the housing 520.
  • the sensing assembly preferably has a multilayer structure.
  • the sensor 500 further includes a gas sensing layer 530, for example, formed with tin oxide (SnO 2 ).
  • the gas sensing layer may be deposited on an electrical insulation layer.
  • a pair of electrodes (e.g., Au) for measuring gas sensor layer resistance are typically also formed on the electrical insulation layer such that they contact the gas sensing layer 530.
  • the gas sensing layer electrodes are electrically connected to pins 503 and 502. In the presence of ammonia, the sensor's conductivity changes (for example, increases) depending on the ammonia concentration in the air.
  • a heater layer is typically disposed under the electrical insulation layer.
  • the heater layer may be made with ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ).
  • a glass layer for thermal insulation is typically disposed between the heater layer and a substrate, such as an alumina substrate.
  • a pair of electrodes (e.g., Au) for the heater are typically formed on the thermal insulation layer such that they contact the heater layer.
  • the heater electrodes are electrically connected to pins 504 and 501.
  • Activated charcoal may be disposed between the housing 520 and the gas sensing layer 530 for the purpose of reducing the influence of non-measured (noise) gases.
  • the sensitivity function of the metal oxide sensor shown and described in connection with Figures 1, 2A and 2B is plotted in Figure 3.
  • R L + R S resistor and Vc is a constant known voltage.
  • the value of Rs typically needs to be compensated for temperature variation.
  • the adjustment may be made using a formula provided by a sensor manufacturer or derived based on experimental data for a particular sensor.
  • f Rx is: .
  • ADC FS - ADC x m f Rx — TSF ⁇ — ⁇ r ⁇ (Equatlon 5)
  • Electrodes (pins 501, 502, 503 and 504) of a sensor 500 according to the present disclosure can be connected to a circuit assembly 600, a block diagram of which is illustrated in Figure 5.
  • the circuit assembly is configured and dimensioned such that it could be easily placed inside a housing having a predetermined shape and size, as described in more detail in connection with Figure 7.
  • the circuit assembly 600 may be implemented as a printed circuit assembly.
  • Each of the blocks 650, 660, 670, 680 and 690 shown in Figure 5 represents a set of components that perform a particular function. If the circuit assembly is a printed circuit assembly, some or all components of the blocks shown in Figure 5 can be disposed on a printed circuit board.
  • a sensor block 650 may include the sensor 500, such as an ammonia sensor.
  • a temperature sensor block 660 may include any suitable device used to measure temperature in the vicinity of the sensor.
  • a microcontroller block 670 may include any suitable microcontroller. The microcontroller block 670 may be configured to control the heater of the sensor, if the sensor block 650 includes a metal oxide sensor described above, and to receive the output (e.g., in the form of a voltage) from the sensor block 650 and the temperature sensor block 660. The output of the temperature sensor block 660 can be used to adjust the output of the sensor block 650.
  • the microcontroller block 670 also may be configured to convert the temperature adjusted output of the sensor block 650 to a suitable pulse width modulated (PWM) output.
  • PWM pulse width modulated
  • a converter block 680 may be used to achieve the desired output.
  • the desired output is current and the output of the microcontroller is in PWM form
  • the converter block 680 is implemented as a PWM to current signal converter.
  • the sensor output pin 601 may be tapped to obtain a signal representative of the gas concentration.
  • a power supply block 690 may be configured to be connected to any suitable power source, such as a 12 V DC power supply.
  • the power source can be external and connected to the power block via power supply block pins 602 and 603.
  • the power supply block 690 may also include converter components for converting the voltage at pins 603 and 602 to the voltage suitable for supplying power to one or more of the other blocks 650, 660, 670 and 680 via connections represented as VCC.
  • Pins 601, 602 and 603 of the circuit assembly 600 can be connected to the conductors 701, 702 and 703 of an exemplary support member 700 shown in Figure 6.
  • the support member 700 includes an elongated member 740 having a proximal end 744 and a distal end 746.
  • the distal end 746 of the elongated member 740 may have a quick- connect fitting 750 attached thereto.
  • the conductors 701, 702 and 703 may be disposed within a protective jacket 748.
  • Figure 7 shows schematically an exploded view of an exemplary ammonia transducer assembly 20 according to the present disclosure.
  • the ammonia transducer assembly 20 may be constructed as follows.
  • a gasket 4 which may be made of foam or another soft yet resilient material, may be attached to a filter 3, for example, using a suitable adhesive, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • the filter 3 may be used to seal the interior of the housing against water and/or dust penetration, while allowing the passage of clean air and gas.
  • Suitable filter materials include hydrophobic and oleophobic acrylic copolymer membranes cast on a non- woven nylon support, available from Pall Corporation under the trade name Versapor® R Membrane, and membranes treated for oleophobicity/hydrophobicity, also available form Pall Corporation under the trade name A FluoRepel® Treated Membrane.
  • the gasket 4 and filter 3 may then be disposed within a first end cap 2, which has an opening 2a.
  • the gasket 4 may be attached to the first end cap 2 by a suitable adhesive, such as pressure sensitive adhesive or epoxy 9.
  • a circuit assembly 5 is shown as including a printed circuit board and a sensor 15 and connected to a support member 14.
  • the exemplary support member 14 includes an elongated member 14a and a quick-connect fitting 14b.
  • One or more spacing bands 13a and 13b may be placed around the printed circuit assembly - e.g., below the location where the conductors 701, 702 and 703 (shown in Figure 6) are connected to the pins 601, 602 and 603 (shown in Figure 5) of the circuit assembly and/or above the location where the pins of the sensor 15 are connected to the printed circuit assembly 5.
  • the bands are preferably shrink wrap bands that can be shrunk using heat.
  • the one or more spacing bands may help tighten the circuit assembly, so that it more easily fits within the housing and does not rattle during use.
  • a wire tie strap 10b may be disposed adjacent to the gasket 6, for example at the proximate end 744 of the elongated member 740 and around the conductors 701, 702 and 703 (shown in Figure 6).
  • a wire tie strap 10a may be placed around the elongated member 14a adjacent to and on the other side of the gasket 6, i.e., between the gasket 6 and the quick connect fitting 14b.
  • the circuit assembly 5, which in this exemplary embodiment includes the printed circuit board and the sensor 15, and at least a portion of the elongated member 14 may then be placed into a tubular or cylindrical housing body portion 1.
  • the gasket 6 may be lined up with the end of the tubular housing body portion 1 and covered with a ring of adhesive material 8, such as a hot melt glue, so that the adhesive material is in contact with the tubular housing portion 1.
  • the ring of adhesive material 8 also comes in contact with the elongated member 14a, so that a rugged unitary structure may be formed.
  • the adhesive material 8 is in contact with the protective jacket of the elongated member 14a.
  • a label 11 may be applied to the outer surface of the tubular housing body portion
  • First and second end caps 2 and 7 may then be assembled with the housing body portion 1 to form one exemplary housing according to the present disclosure.
  • the end cap 2 may be attached to a first end Ia of the housing body portion 1, for example, by a suitable adhesive material such as an epoxy 9.
  • a suitable adhesive material such as an epoxy 9.
  • edges of the end cap 2 are disposed over the outer surface of the housing body portion 1 proximate the first end Ia.
  • the sensor 15 may then be disposed within the housing and proximate an opening 2a in the first end cap 2 such that the gas sensing layer is exposed to the environment outside the housing.
  • the gasket 4 surrounds the sensor 15.
  • the second end cap 7 can be placed over the second end Ib of the housing body portion 1.
  • edges of the end cap 7 are disposed over the outer surface of the housing body portion 1 proximate the second end Ib and the edges of an opening 7a surround the elongated member 14a.
  • edges of the end cap 7 are disposed over the outer surface of the housing body portion 1 proximate the second end Ib and the edges of an opening 7a surround the elongated member 14a.
  • the elongated member 14 is disposed within the housing.
  • Output from the ammonia transducer assemblies according to the present disclosure may be fed into computerized environmental control systems for agricultural buildings, such as poultry grow-out houses.
  • agricultural buildings such as poultry grow-out houses.
  • one, two, three or more sensors may be used in one building as a part of an environmental control system for that building.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un bloc transducteur, tel qu’un bloc transducteur pour ammoniaque destiné à être utilisé dans les bâtiments agricoles, comprenant un boîtier muni d’une première ouverture et d’une deuxième ouverture. Le bloc transducteur comprend en plus un capteur. Le capteur peut inclure une couche de détection de gaz accordée de manière sélective sur l’ammoniaque et une paire d’électrodes qui se trouvent en contact avec la couche de détection de gaz. Le capteur est disposé à l’intérieur du boîtier de telle sorte qu’il est exposé à l’environnement à l’extérieur du boîtier. Le bloc transducteur peut inclure un bloc circuit disposé à l’intérieur du boîtier. Un élément support est également présent, lequel peut être disposé au moins partiellement à l’intérieur de la deuxième ouverture du boîtier.
PCT/US2009/030245 2008-03-03 2009-01-07 Bloc transducteur pour ammoniaque WO2009111090A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3316708P 2008-03-03 2008-03-03
US61/033,167 2008-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009111090A1 true WO2009111090A1 (fr) 2009-09-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/030245 WO2009111090A1 (fr) 2008-03-03 2009-01-07 Bloc transducteur pour ammoniaque

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WO (1) WO2009111090A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011139540A2 (fr) 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Ysi Incorporated Sonde et processus d'assemblage de ladite sonde
US8488122B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2013-07-16 Ysi Incorporated Turbidity sensors and probes
US8664938B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2014-03-04 Ysi Incorporated Replaceable probe head
US9170132B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2015-10-27 Ysi Incorporated Replaceable probe head having an operational amplifier
CN105665954A (zh) * 2016-03-15 2016-06-15 平高集团有限公司 换流站管母连接金具焊接质量的检测装置及其方法

Citations (6)

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US4479865A (en) * 1980-11-28 1984-10-30 Ingold Electrodes Electrode assembly
US5363690A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-11-15 Exidyne Instrumentation Technologies, Inc. Gas detection apparatus
JPH10253578A (ja) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-25 Nippon Soken Inc ガスセンサ
US20060105280A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Honeywell International, Inc. Through a wall combustion detector
US20070217179A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-09-20 Dierk Schoen Method for the manufacture of a switching device and method for a switching device
US20070289870A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Nair Balakrishnan G Ammonia Gas Sensor With Dissimilar Electrodes

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4479865A (en) * 1980-11-28 1984-10-30 Ingold Electrodes Electrode assembly
US5363690A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-11-15 Exidyne Instrumentation Technologies, Inc. Gas detection apparatus
JPH10253578A (ja) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-25 Nippon Soken Inc ガスセンサ
US20070217179A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2007-09-20 Dierk Schoen Method for the manufacture of a switching device and method for a switching device
US20060105280A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Honeywell International, Inc. Through a wall combustion detector
US20070289870A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Nair Balakrishnan G Ammonia Gas Sensor With Dissimilar Electrodes

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011139540A2 (fr) 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Ysi Incorporated Sonde et processus d'assemblage de ladite sonde
WO2011139540A3 (fr) * 2010-05-05 2012-02-23 Ysi Incorporated Sonde et processus d'assemblage de ladite sonde
CN102884402A (zh) * 2010-05-05 2013-01-16 Ysi公司 探测器和组装所述探测器的方法
JP2013527928A (ja) * 2010-05-05 2013-07-04 ワイエスアイ インコーポレーテッド プローブ及びプローブの組み立て方法
US8488122B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2013-07-16 Ysi Incorporated Turbidity sensors and probes
US8555482B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2013-10-15 Ysi Incorporated Process of assembling a probe
US8664938B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2014-03-04 Ysi Incorporated Replaceable probe head
AU2011248833B2 (en) * 2010-05-05 2014-08-07 Ysi Incorporated Probe and process of assembling said probe
US9170132B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2015-10-27 Ysi Incorporated Replaceable probe head having an operational amplifier
US9200929B2 (en) 2010-05-05 2015-12-01 Ysi Incorporated Replaceable probe head
CN105665954A (zh) * 2016-03-15 2016-06-15 平高集团有限公司 换流站管母连接金具焊接质量的检测装置及其方法

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