WO2009110334A1 - Ofdm reception device - Google Patents
Ofdm reception device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009110334A1 WO2009110334A1 PCT/JP2009/053099 JP2009053099W WO2009110334A1 WO 2009110334 A1 WO2009110334 A1 WO 2009110334A1 JP 2009053099 W JP2009053099 W JP 2009053099W WO 2009110334 A1 WO2009110334 A1 WO 2009110334A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
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- the present invention relates to an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) receiving apparatus, and more particularly to an OFDM receiving apparatus having a configuration of antenna diversity with a high diversity effect.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to Prior Art 1.
- This OFDM receiver comprises antennas 21 and 22, AD converters 23 and 24, OFDM demodulation circuits 25 and 26, and a combiner / determinator 27.
- Signals received by the plurality of antennas 21 and 22 are converted into baseband signals, which are sampled and converted into digital signals by AD converters 23 and 24 driven by the same clock.
- the OFDM signal is demodulated by the OFDM demodulation circuits 25 and 26, and is synthesized and determined for each subcarrier signal by the synthesizer / determinator 27.
- This configuration is a general antenna diversity configuration.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiver according to the related art 2.
- the OFDM receiver includes antennas 31 and 32, AD converters 33 and 34, a cyclic delay or delay circuit 35, a combiner 36, an OFDM demodulator circuit 37, and a determiner 38.
- signals received by different antennas 31 and 32 are synthesized by cyclic delay or delay on the time axis by a cyclic delay or delay circuit 35 (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the concept of cyclic delay synthesis and delay synthesis.
- the delay synthesis is performed by giving an appropriate delay amount to other signals within a range that falls within the guard interval.
- Cyclic delay synthesis is performed by removing a guard interval GI of another signal and then giving an appropriate cyclic delay amount.
- the response in each subcarrier is changed by cyclic delay synthesis or delay synthesis, and the effect of frequency diversity is improved together with the error correction code.
- Armin Dammann, et al. “Standard Conformable Antenna Diversity Techniques for OFDM and its Application to the DVB-T System,” IEEE GLOBECOM '01, Nov. 2001, vol. 5, pp. 3100-3105.
- the synthesis method of the conventional technique 2 is limited to equal gain synthesis in the time domain.
- a combining method such as maximum ratio combining in each subcarrier has higher diversity effect than equal gain combining.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an OFDM receiver having an antenna diversity configuration with a high diversity effect.
- the OFDM receiver of the present invention is different from the first AD converter for the first AD converter that converts the received analog signal from the first antenna into a digital signal and the received analog signal from the second antenna that is different from one antenna.
- a second AD converter for sampling at a phase and converting it to a digital signal, a first OFDM demodulator for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the first AD converter, and a second OFDM for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the second AD converter
- a demodulator and a combiner that combines the signals demodulated by the first and second OFDM demodulators are provided.
- the effect of antenna diversity in the OFDM receiver can be enhanced with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a result of simulating BER characteristics.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to Prior Art 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to prior art 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the concept of cyclic delay synthesis and delay synthesis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the OFDM receiving apparatus according to this embodiment includes AD converters 13 and 14, a delay unit 15, OFDM demodulation circuits 16 and 17, and a combiner / determiner 18.
- the antennas 11 and 12 are not the object of the present invention, but are shown for explanation of the present invention. Signals received by the plurality of antennas 11 and 12 are converted into baseband signals, sampled by the AD converters 13 and 14 that are driven by a fractional interval of the sample period Ts, and converted into digital signals.
- the delay is Ts / 2.
- the OFDM signal is demodulated by the OFDM demodulating circuits 16 and 17, and the combining & determining unit 18 performs a combination such as maximum ratio combining for each subcarrier signal and determines.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the present invention.
- the correlation between the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 is high, a similar response is shown in the delay region. If the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 are sampled at the same timing ( ⁇ in the figure), it is conceivable that the reception levels at the two antennas simultaneously decrease. On the other hand, when sampling is performed with the antenna 12 shifted by a half of the sample period (Ts / 2) (indicated by a triangle in the figure), the correlation between the received signals at the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 decreases, and a diversity effect can be expected.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the result of simulating BER characteristics.
- a channel model a two-wave model with a delay amount Ts / 2 is assumed, and the correlation between the direct wave and the interference wave received with a delay is substantially zero.
- Model 1 assumes that radio waves arrive from a direction orthogonal to the straight line connecting the antennas
- Model 2 assumes that radio waves arrive from a direction of 60 ° with respect to Model 1.
- “Invention” indicates the case where the time shift sampling of the present invention is used, and “Conventional” indicates the case where the time shift sampling is not used.
- the maximum ratio synthesis is assumed in both cases. In any model, the correlation between antennas is close to 1.
- FIG. 3 shows that the error rate is improved by using the time shift sampling of the present invention.
- the number of antennas is not limited to two and can be two or more. At this time, it is desirable that the sample timing is shifted evenly by a fractional interval of the sample period, but it is not necessarily equal.
- the synthesis is preferably the maximum ratio synthesis (synthesizing with the received signal phase aligned) described in the embodiment, but may be selective synthesis for selecting a signal of a large level, or equal gain synthesis for simple addition.
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Abstract
An OFDM reception device having an antenna diversity configuration of a high diversity effect includes: AD converters (13, 14), a delay device (15), OFDM demodulation circuits (16, 17), and a synthesis/judgment device (18). A signal received by a plurality of antennas (11, 12) is converted into a baseband signal and sampled into a digital signal by the AD converters (13, 14) which are driven with a shift of several intervals for a sample cycle Ts. In each of antenna branches, the OFDM signal is demodulated by the OFDM demodulation circuits (16, 17). The synthesis/judgment device (18) performs synthesis such as a maximum ratio synthesis for each subcarrier signal so as to make a judgment.
Description
本発明は、ＯＦＤＭ（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）受信装置に関し、特にダイバーシチ効果が高いアンテナダイバーシチの構成を有するＯＦＤＭ受信装置に関する。
The present invention relates to an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) receiving apparatus, and more particularly to an OFDM receiving apparatus having a configuration of antenna diversity with a high diversity effect.
図４は、従来技術１のＯＦＤＭ受信装置の構成を示す図である。このＯＦＤＭ受信装置は、アンテナ２１、２２、ＡＤ変換器２３、２４、ＯＦＤＭ復調回路２５、２６、及び合成＆判定器２７から成る。複数のアンテナ２１、２２で受信した信号はベースバンド信号に変換され、同一クロックによって駆動されたＡＤ変換器２３、２４でサンプルされディジタル信号化される。それぞれのアンテナブランチではＯＦＤＭ信号がＯＦＤＭ復調回路２５、２６によって復調され、合成＆判定器２７によって各サブキャリアの信号ごとに合成され判定される。この構成は一般的なアンテナダイバーシチの構成である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to Prior Art 1. This OFDM receiver comprises antennas 21 and 22, AD converters 23 and 24, OFDM demodulation circuits 25 and 26, and a combiner / determinator 27. Signals received by the plurality of antennas 21 and 22 are converted into baseband signals, which are sampled and converted into digital signals by AD converters 23 and 24 driven by the same clock. In each antenna branch, the OFDM signal is demodulated by the OFDM demodulation circuits 25 and 26, and is synthesized and determined for each subcarrier signal by the synthesizer / determinator 27. This configuration is a general antenna diversity configuration.
図５は、従来技術２のＯＦＤＭ受信装置の構成を示す図である。このＯＦＤＭ受信装置は、アンテナ３１、３２、ＡＤ変換器３３、３４、サイクリック遅延又は遅延回路３５、合成器３６、ＯＦＤＭ復調回路３７、及び判定器３８から成る。この構成では異なるアンテナ３１、３２で受信した信号をサイクリック遅延又は遅延回路３５によって時間軸上でサイクリック遅延又は遅延して合成する（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an OFDM receiver according to the related art 2. The OFDM receiver includes antennas 31 and 32, AD converters 33 and 34, a cyclic delay or delay circuit 35, a combiner 36, an OFDM demodulator circuit 37, and a determiner 38. In this configuration, signals received by different antennas 31 and 32 are synthesized by cyclic delay or delay on the time axis by a cyclic delay or delay circuit 35 (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
図６は、サイクリック遅延合成及び遅延合成の考え方を示す図である。遅延合成は、ガードインターバル内に収まる範囲で他の信号に適当な遅延量を与えて合成するものである。サイクリック遅延合成は、他の信号のガードインターバルＧＩを除去した後に適当なサイクリック遅延量を与えて合成するものである。サイクリック遅延合成又は遅延合成により各サブキャリアにおける応答を変化させ、誤り訂正符号とともに周波数ダイバーシチの効果を改善する。
Armin Dammann、外、"Standard Conformable Antenna Diversity Techniques for OFDM and its Application to the DVB-T System," IEEE GLOBECOM '01, Nov. 2001, vol. 5, pp. 3100 - 3105. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the concept of cyclic delay synthesis and delay synthesis. The delay synthesis is performed by giving an appropriate delay amount to other signals within a range that falls within the guard interval. Cyclic delay synthesis is performed by removing a guard interval GI of another signal and then giving an appropriate cyclic delay amount. The response in each subcarrier is changed by cyclic delay synthesis or delay synthesis, and the effect of frequency diversity is improved together with the error correction code.
Armin Dammann, et al., "Standard Conformable Antenna Diversity Techniques for OFDM and its Application to the DVB-T System," IEEE GLOBECOM '01, Nov. 2001, vol. 5, pp. 3100-3105.
Armin Dammann、外、"Standard Conformable Antenna Diversity Techniques for OFDM and its Application to the DVB-T System," IEEE GLOBECOM '01, Nov. 2001, vol. 5, pp. 3100 - 3105. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the concept of cyclic delay synthesis and delay synthesis. The delay synthesis is performed by giving an appropriate delay amount to other signals within a range that falls within the guard interval. Cyclic delay synthesis is performed by removing a guard interval GI of another signal and then giving an appropriate cyclic delay amount. The response in each subcarrier is changed by cyclic delay synthesis or delay synthesis, and the effect of frequency diversity is improved together with the error correction code.
Armin Dammann, et al., "Standard Conformable Antenna Diversity Techniques for OFDM and its Application to the DVB-T System," IEEE GLOBECOM '01, Nov. 2001, vol. 5, pp. 3100-3105.
しかし、従来技術１、２共に、サンプルタイミングはいずれのアンテナにおいても同時であるために、アンテナ間の相関が高い場合、すなわち、同じタイミングで異なるアンテナにおいて受信した信号間の相関が高い場合、にはすべてのアンテナにおける受信信号レベルが低下する場合があり、ダイバーシチの効果が限られてしまう。
However, in both prior arts 1 and 2, since the sampling timing is the same for both antennas, the correlation between antennas is high, that is, the correlation between signals received at different antennas at the same timing is high. In some cases, the received signal level of all antennas may be lowered, and the effect of diversity is limited.
また、従来技術２の合成方法は時間領域における等利得合成に限られてしまう。一般に等利得合成よりも各サブキャリアにおける最大比合成などの合成方法のほうがダイバーシチ効果が高いとされている。
Further, the synthesis method of the conventional technique 2 is limited to equal gain synthesis in the time domain. In general, a combining method such as maximum ratio combining in each subcarrier has higher diversity effect than equal gain combining.
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、ダイバーシチ効果が高いアンテナダイバーシチの構成を有するＯＦＤＭ受信装置を提供することを目的とする。
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an OFDM receiver having an antenna diversity configuration with a high diversity effect.
本発明のＯＦＤＭ受信装置は、第１アンテナからの受信アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換する第１ＡＤ変換器と、１アンテナとは異なる第２アンテナからの受信アナログ信号を前記第１ＡＤ変換器とは異なる位相でサンプルしてディジタル信号に変換する第２ＡＤ変換器と、前記第１ＡＤ変換器からのディジタル信号をＯＦＤＭ復調する第１ＯＦＤＭ復調器と、前記第２ＡＤ変換器からのディジタル信号をＯＦＤＭ復調する第２ＯＦＤＭ復調器と、前記第１及び第２ＯＦＤＭ復調器によって復調された信号を合成する合成器とを備えることを特徴とする。
The OFDM receiver of the present invention is different from the first AD converter for the first AD converter that converts the received analog signal from the first antenna into a digital signal and the received analog signal from the second antenna that is different from one antenna. A second AD converter for sampling at a phase and converting it to a digital signal, a first OFDM demodulator for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the first AD converter, and a second OFDM for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the second AD converter A demodulator and a combiner that combines the signals demodulated by the first and second OFDM demodulators are provided.
また、前記第１及び第２ＡＤ変換器を合わせたサンプルタイミングは、等間隔であることで、よりダイバーシチ効果を高めることができる。
In addition, since the sample timings of the first and second AD converters are equally spaced, the diversity effect can be further enhanced.
本発明によれば、簡単な構成で、ＯＦＤＭ受信装置におけるアンテナダイバーシチの効果を高めることができる。
According to the present invention, the effect of antenna diversity in the OFDM receiver can be enhanced with a simple configuration.
１１、１２、２１、２２、３１、３２ アンテナ
１３、１４、２３、２４、３３、３４ ＡＤ変換器
１５ 遅延器
１６、１７、２５、２６、３７ ＯＦＤＭ復調回路
１８、２７ 合成＆判定器
３５ サイクリック遅延又は遅延器
３６ 合成器
３８ 判定器 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32 Antenna 13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 34 AD converter 15 Delay device 16, 17, 25, 26, 37 OFDM demodulation circuit 18, 27 Synthesizer & determiner 35 Size Click delay or delay device 36 Synthesizer 38 Judger
１３、１４、２３、２４、３３、３４ ＡＤ変換器
１５ 遅延器
１６、１７、２５、２６、３７ ＯＦＤＭ復調回路
１８、２７ 合成＆判定器
３５ サイクリック遅延又は遅延器
３６ 合成器
３８ 判定器 11, 12, 21, 22, 31, 32
以下、添付図面を参照しながら本発明を実施するための最良の形態について詳細に説明する。
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図１は、本発明の一実施例によるＯＦＤＭ受信装置の構成を示す図である。本実施例のＯＦＤＭ受信装置は、ＡＤ変換器１３、１４、遅延器１５、ＯＦＤＭ復調回路１６、１７、及び合成＆判定器１８から成る。なお、アンテナ１１、１２は本発明の対象ではないが、本発明の説明のために示す。複数のアンテナ１１、１２で受信した信号はベースバンド信号に変換され、サンプル周期Ｔsの分数間隔分ずらして駆動されるＡＤ変換器１３、１４でサンプルされディジタル信号化される。ここでは２系統のアンテナがあるのでＴs／２の遅延となる。それぞれのアンテナブランチではＯＦＤＭ信号がＯＦＤＭ復調回路１６、１７によって復調され、合成＆判定器１８によって各サブキャリアの信号ごとに最大比合成などの合成を行い判定される。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an OFDM receiving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The OFDM receiving apparatus according to this embodiment includes AD converters 13 and 14, a delay unit 15, OFDM demodulation circuits 16 and 17, and a combiner / determiner 18. The antennas 11 and 12 are not the object of the present invention, but are shown for explanation of the present invention. Signals received by the plurality of antennas 11 and 12 are converted into baseband signals, sampled by the AD converters 13 and 14 that are driven by a fractional interval of the sample period Ts, and converted into digital signals. Here, since there are two systems of antennas, the delay is Ts / 2. In each antenna branch, the OFDM signal is demodulated by the OFDM demodulating circuits 16 and 17, and the combining & determining unit 18 performs a combination such as maximum ratio combining for each subcarrier signal and determines.
図２は、本発明の効果を説明する図である。アンテナ１１とアンテナ１２の相関が高い場合、遅延領域において同じような応答を示す。仮にアンテナ１１とアンテナ１２で同じタイミング（図中●）でサンプルした場合、２つのアンテナにおける受信レベルが同時に低下することが考えられる。これに対してアンテナ１２においてサンプル周期の半分（Ｔs／２）だけ時間シフトしてサンプルした場合（図中▲）、アンテナ１１とアンテナ１２で受信信号の相関が低下し、ダイバーシチ効果が期待できる。
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the present invention. When the correlation between the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 is high, a similar response is shown in the delay region. If the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 are sampled at the same timing (● in the figure), it is conceivable that the reception levels at the two antennas simultaneously decrease. On the other hand, when sampling is performed with the antenna 12 shifted by a half of the sample period (Ts / 2) (indicated by a triangle in the figure), the correlation between the received signals at the antenna 11 and the antenna 12 decreases, and a diversity effect can be expected.
図３は、ＢＥＲ特性をシミュレーションした結果を示す図である。チャネルモデルとしては遅延量Ｔs／２の２波モデルを想定し、それら直接波と遅れて受信される干渉波との相関はほぼ０とする。「モデル１」はアンテナ間を結ぶ直線に対して直交する方向から電波が到来し、「モデル２」はモデル１に対して６０°の方向から電波が到来することを想定している。「本発明」は本発明の時間シフトサンプリングを用いた場合、「従来」は時間シフトサンプリングを用いなかった場合を示す。ただし合成法としては両方の場合とも最大比合成を仮定している。いずれのモデルでもアンテナ間の相関が１に近いものとする。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the result of simulating BER characteristics. As a channel model, a two-wave model with a delay amount Ts / 2 is assumed, and the correlation between the direct wave and the interference wave received with a delay is substantially zero. “Model 1” assumes that radio waves arrive from a direction orthogonal to the straight line connecting the antennas, and “Model 2” assumes that radio waves arrive from a direction of 60 ° with respect to Model 1. “Invention” indicates the case where the time shift sampling of the present invention is used, and “Conventional” indicates the case where the time shift sampling is not used. However, as a synthesis method, the maximum ratio synthesis is assumed in both cases. In any model, the correlation between antennas is close to 1.
図３より本発明の時間シフトサンプリングを用いると誤り率が改善することがわかる。
FIG. 3 shows that the error rate is improved by using the time shift sampling of the present invention.
なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではない。
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example.
アンテナの数は２に限られず、２以上任意である。その際に、サンプルタイミングのずれは、サンプル周期の分数間隔分、均等にずらすことが望ましいが、必ずしも均等である必要はない。
The number of antennas is not limited to two and can be two or more. At this time, it is desirable that the sample timing is shifted evenly by a fractional interval of the sample period, but it is not necessarily equal.
合成は、実施例で説明した最大比合成（受信信号の位相を揃えて合成する）が望ましいが、大きいレベルの信号を選択する選択合成でも良いし、単純に加算する等利得合成でも良い。
The synthesis is preferably the maximum ratio synthesis (synthesizing with the received signal phase aligned) described in the embodiment, but may be selective synthesis for selecting a signal of a large level, or equal gain synthesis for simple addition.
明細書、特許請求の範囲及び図面を含む２００８年 ３月 ４日に出願の日本特許出願２００８－０５３８４７の開示は、そのまま参考として、ここにとり入れるものとする。
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-053847 filed on March 4, 2008, including the specification, claims and drawings, is incorporated herein by reference as it is.
本明細書で引用したすべての刊行物、特許及び特許出願は、そのまま参考として、ここにとり入れるものとする。
All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Claims (2)
- 第１アンテナからの受信アナログ信号をディジタル信号に変換する第１ＡＤ変換器と、
前記第１アンテナとは異なる第２アンテナからの受信アナログ信号を前記第１ＡＤ変換器とは異なる位相でサンプルしてディジタル信号に変換する第２ＡＤ変換器と、
前記第１ＡＤ変換器からのディジタル信号をＯＦＤＭ復調する第１ＯＦＤＭ復調器と、
前記第２ＡＤ変換器からのディジタル信号をＯＦＤＭ復調する第２ＯＦＤＭ復調器と、
前記第１及び第２ＯＦＤＭ復調器によって復調された信号を合成する合成器と
を備えることを特徴とするＯＦＤＭ受信装置。 A first AD converter for converting a received analog signal from the first antenna into a digital signal;
A second AD converter that samples a received analog signal from a second antenna different from the first antenna at a phase different from that of the first AD converter and converts it into a digital signal;
A first OFDM demodulator for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the first AD converter;
A second OFDM demodulator for OFDM demodulating the digital signal from the second AD converter;
An OFDM receiving apparatus comprising: a synthesizer that synthesizes the signals demodulated by the first and second OFDM demodulators. - 前記第１及び第２ＡＤ変換器を合わせたサンプルタイミングは、等間隔であることを特徴とする請求項１記載のＯＦＤＭ受信装置。
2. The OFDM receiving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sample timings of the first and second AD converters are equally spaced.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008053847A JP2009212835A (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2008-03-04 | Ofdm receiver |
| JP2008-053847 | 2008-03-04 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009110334A1 true WO2009110334A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/053099 WO2009110334A1 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2009-02-22 | Ofdm reception device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2009212835A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009110334A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9514453B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2016-12-06 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Dynamically reacting policies and protections for securing mobile financial transaction data in transit |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08163103A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-21 | Nec Corp | Diversity receiver |
| JP2005278119A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Nec Corp | Phase adjusting method, inphase combining circuit and space diversity inphase combining circuit |
| WO2007144978A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Panasonic Corporation | Receiver |
| JP2008502178A (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2008-01-24 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン（パブル） | Method and apparatus for canceling interference in a radio receiver |
-
2008
- 2008-03-04 JP JP2008053847A patent/JP2009212835A/en active Pending
-
2009
- 2009-02-22 WO PCT/JP2009/053099 patent/WO2009110334A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08163103A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-06-21 | Nec Corp | Diversity receiver |
| JP2005278119A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Nec Corp | Phase adjusting method, inphase combining circuit and space diversity inphase combining circuit |
| JP2008502178A (en) * | 2004-06-02 | 2008-01-24 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン（パブル） | Method and apparatus for canceling interference in a radio receiver |
| WO2007144978A1 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Panasonic Corporation | Receiver |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9514453B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 | 2016-12-06 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Dynamically reacting policies and protections for securing mobile financial transaction data in transit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009212835A (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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