WO2009100084A1 - Procédés et appareil pour détecter une déformation dans des structures - Google Patents

Procédés et appareil pour détecter une déformation dans des structures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009100084A1
WO2009100084A1 PCT/US2009/032994 US2009032994W WO2009100084A1 WO 2009100084 A1 WO2009100084 A1 WO 2009100084A1 US 2009032994 W US2009032994 W US 2009032994W WO 2009100084 A1 WO2009100084 A1 WO 2009100084A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strain
clamp
sensor
pipe
strain sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/032994
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Damon Roberts
Rogerio Tadeu Ramos
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Canada Limited
Schlumberger Technology Corporation
Services Petroliers Schlumberger
Schlumberger Holdings Limited
Schlumberger Technology B.V.
Prad Research And Development Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schlumberger Canada Limited, Schlumberger Technology Corporation, Services Petroliers Schlumberger, Schlumberger Holdings Limited, Schlumberger Technology B.V., Prad Research And Development Limited filed Critical Schlumberger Canada Limited
Publication of WO2009100084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009100084A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
    • G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B5/025—Measuring of circumference; Measuring length of ring-shaped articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/08—Testing mechanical properties
    • G01M11/083—Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT]
    • G01M11/085—Testing mechanical properties by using an optical fiber in contact with the device under test [DUT] the optical fiber being on or near the surface of the DUT

Definitions

  • the invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting strain in structures.
  • it relates to strain detection ⁇ n structures such as oil and gas pipes and supporting structures in oil and gas installations or the like.
  • the area of concern for this invention is the monitoring of structures by measuring strain. More specifically, the measurement of strain in order to infer the perimeter of a structure as it changes with time, temperature, pressure or any other parameter,
  • a pipeline running Bl the sea bed between an offshore production location to a transportation hub may need to be monitored to provide information on the perimeter of the pipe in order to estimate interna! pressure.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for monitoring physical parameters of a structure, the apparatus comprising;
  • an optical strain sensor attached to the clamp via mounting means and arranged io detect strain near the perimeter of the structure,.
  • the mounting means is arranged to concentrate strain transferred thereto from the structure to increase the sensitivity of the optical strain sensor to the said s ⁇ train.
  • the mounting means may comprise a section of the clamp that is narrowed with respect to the remainder of the clamp.
  • the mounting means may be formed of a different material to the remainder of the damp.
  • the damp can be a strap or belt or a compliant material, and may be shaped to the outside shape of the structure.
  • the clamp is made using composite material.
  • the optical strain sensor can embedded into the ctamp in one preferred embodiment.
  • the optica! strain sensor may comprise an optical fibre sensor, for example a fibre Bragg grating based sensor, an interferometric sensor, or the like.
  • the structure to which the apparatus is applied is typically a pipe or tube, such an oil and/or gas pipe, or a water pipe.
  • the structure may also be a subsea structure such as a subsea riser.
  • the structure may be located below the surface an ⁇ may be totally or partially buried.
  • a data collection unit may also be attached to the structure or the clamp .
  • the data collection unit can include an optical interrogation unit operating to interrogate the optica! strain sensor, for example, by means of spectrum analysis.
  • the mounting means may be arranged to align the optica! strain sensor in a predetermined peripheral direction when installed on the structure.
  • the mounting means may be configured to enhance the sensitivily of the optical strain sensor in the predetermined direction when installed on the structure.
  • At least one optical strain sensor may be arranged to defect strain in the circumferential direction, the axia! direction, or both circumferential and axial directions of the structure when installed on the structure.
  • the apparatus comprises a pair of clamps which are adapted to embrace the structure either side of the optica! strain sensor in use. At least one optical strain sensor can be attached to connecting means that extend between the clamps.
  • the clamps are adapted to extend around the circumference of the structure in use and the optical strain sensor is aligned with the ciamp axis in use.
  • the clamps may comprise rollers which are arranged to bear against the outer surface of the structure in use.
  • the clamps may also comprise extensions to which the optical strain sensor is mounted, the extensions projecting radially away from the structure when the clamp is installed on the structure. Reinforcing arms may be provided to support the extensions.
  • the clamps may also comprise a hinge to allow opening of the clamps for installation on the structure.
  • a roller can be provided at the hinge which is arranged to bear on the outer surface of the structure when the clamp installed on the structure.
  • a high friction device can provided at the hinge which is arranged to bear on the outer surface of the structure when the clamp installed on the structure.
  • a low friction coating can be provided on the structure at the point where the clamp is installed.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method of monitoring a structure, comprising;
  • the clamp comprising an optical strain sensor mounted to the clamp via mounting means which concentrates strain of the structure to increase the sensitivity of the sensor to the strain; and - collecting information from the strain sensor in order to detect strain near the perimeter of the structure.
  • the strain information may be used to calculate the perimeter dimensions of the structure, the temperature of the structure, the outer pressure of the structure, or the inner pressure of ihe structure.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus for monitoring physical parameters of a structure according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation an apparatus for monitoring physical parameters of a structure according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a method of monitoring a structure according to third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows one embodiment of a mounting means for the sensor suitable for use with the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2;
  • Figures 5-9 show alternative embodiments of the invention with different sensor mountings; and Figures 10-17 show alternative embodiments for the damp for use in the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2.
  • a first embodiment of ihe invention provides an apparatus for monitoring physical parameters of a structure comprising a ring-type damp 11 , typically formed of a composite material, in this embodiment, the damp 11 comprises two semicircular halves secured together using a securing system 12.
  • the securing system comprises two nut and bolt arrangements on opposite sides of the damp.
  • Other releasable securing systems can also be used and it is also possible to replace one securing system with a hinge.
  • the shape of the clamp 11 in Figure 1 is circular, although other shapes can be used depending on the shape of the structure to be monitored.
  • a optical strain sensor 13 which in this example comprises an optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor, is located on the cfamp 11 or embedded into the clamp materia! (as is shown in Figure 1).
  • the damp 11 is made of composite material and the sensor 13.
  • a structure io be monitored, for example a pipe or tube, such an oil and/or gas pipe, or a water pipe, or a subsea structure such as a subsea riser, means that strain imposed on the clamp 11 by the structure is transferred to FBG 13 and can in turn be measured by the FBG 13.
  • the direction of the strain measured will depend on the configuration of the clamp.
  • the FBG 13 will measure the tangential strain in the clamp 11 which in turn is created by the behaviour of the structure at its periphery or perimeter where the clamp is located.
  • Figure 2 shows a clamp 31 attached to a structure 32 such as a pipe.
  • a data collection unit 33 is also be attached to the structure 32 by means of further clamps or other locating devices and connected to the sensor in the clamp 31 by a cable 34.
  • the data collection unit can include a battery or other power source or can be connected to a power source by means of a cable.
  • data stored in the unit 33 can be delivered to a processing system directly via a cable, or by periodically downloading the data via a wireless link in response to interrogation by a reader.
  • the data measured by the FBG sensors is stored in a data recording unit, and can be transmitted by several known means.
  • Such means include, in the example of a subsea pipe or riser, an optical or electrical cable operativefy connecting the data recording unit to an interface at an FPSO, or a light, acoustic or electromagnetic signal transmitted from the data recording unit to a remote operated vehicle.
  • the fibre Bragg grating sensor(s) 13 are mounted on the clamp 11 , 31 by an appropriate mounting means which allows the sensor io 'see' the strain imposed on the clamp by the structure (pipe line) below. It is possible to increase the sensitivity of the sensor 13 to that strain system by selecting the shape of the sensor mounting means (the clamp component where the strain is measured) in order to concentrate the strain at the sensor location.
  • Figure 4 shows one example in which the mounting means 50 is narrowed where the sensor is actually mounted 52, In this case the narrowing is responsible for the shift in sensitivity, it is also possible to obtain a similar effect by changing the material properties of the mounting means (or both).
  • the sensor can be mounted on the structure so as to be aligned with the predetermined direction in which strain is to be measured.
  • Figure 5 shows one example in which the sensor 54 is aligned with the clamp 56 to provide strain measurement in a given direction y on the pipe or structure 58.
  • FIG 8 Another way of mounting the sensor is shown in Figure 8, in which a pair of clamps 80, 62 are mounted spaced apart on the pipe 64, with a sensor carrier 68 extending between the clamps on which the mounting means is provided.
  • the sensor 68 is mounted on the carrier 66 and aligned to measure strain in the direction of the pipe axis (direction 2). in this case, the points on the clamps where the carrier connects are axially aligned.
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment in which the connection points are offset so that the carrier 68 lies obliquely to the pipe axis and the sensor 68 measures strain having components in both directions y and z.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show other embodiments for mounting the sensor.
  • a pair of clamps 70, 72 is provided which are installed on the pipe 74 on either side of the location at which the sensor 78 is to be located.
  • the clamps 70, 72 are disposed at an angle rather than simply encircling the pipe 74 so that they are close Io each other at the point where the sensor 78 is located, in Figure 8, the sensor 78 is aligned so as to be sensitive Io strain in the y direction, whereas in Figure 9 the sensor 78 is aligned in the 2 direction.
  • Figures 10-17 show various embodiments of the damp construction
  • a number of rollers 80 are disposed around the clamp 82 so that when the damp is installed on the pipe 84 (in this case ihere are four equally spaced rollers), the roilers 80 bear on the surface of the pipe 84 and transmit strain due to expansion or contraction of the pipe 84 to the sensor mounting means 86.
  • the mounting means 86 is in line with the rest of the clamp 82.
  • Figure 11 shows another embodiment in which the clamp is arranged to amplify the effect of strain on the clamp.
  • rollers 80 are provided as before.
  • a pair of radial extensions 88, 90 are provided with the sensor mounting means located at the end of the extensions.
  • Figure 12 shows a variation of the embodiment of Figure 11 in which a hinge 92 is provided in the damp 82 opposite to the extensions. This allows the damp 82 to be opened for installation around the pipe 84, after which it can be closed by bringing the extensions 88, 90 back together.
  • stiffening arms 98, 100 are provided to connect the ends of the extensions 88, 90 to the main parts of the clamp 82. This avoid the sensor mounting being subjected to strain by deformation of the extensions and providing readings that are unrelated to the strain at the periphery of the pipe 84.
  • Figure 17 provides a construction that does no use rollers.
  • the hinge 92 is provided with a high friction device 102 which helps to hold the clamp 82 in place on the pipe 84.
  • the clamp 82 contacts the pipe 84 near the end of the extensions 88, 90 and when the pipe expands or contracts, the surface slides under the damp 82 at this point.
  • a low friction surface 104 can be applied to the pipe in this region.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow diagram of the steps in a method of monitoring a structure according to a third embodiment of the invention, the method being used to calculate internal pressure of a structure, such as a pipe line, using the apparatus of the above embodiments.
  • a first slep 40 data is collected from the sensor referenced to a centre wavelength of the fibre Bragg grating mounted in the clamp. This approach has been used in other fibre Bragg grating devices and wijl be well know to the person skilled in the art.
  • the data is then translated from lhe centre-wavelength referenced data info a strain measurement 42.
  • this can be done in one of a number of known ways, dependent on the exact form and orientation of sensor used, in genera!, this comprises determining the difference between the measured centre wavelength of the fibre Bragg grating and a reference centre wavelength of the grating, this process will be well known to the person skilled in the art and so will not be described in detail here.
  • the strain measurement can then in turn be used to calculate the hoop strain on the damp 44 and from this the perimeter dimensions of the structure (pipe) beneath the damp can be determined 46, knowing the dimensions of the clamp and using the known physical properties of the ciamp material and structure.
  • the internal pressure of the pipe can be calculated 48. Other properties such as the temperature of the structure, the outer pressure of the structure can also be calculated from the fibre Bragg wavelength data.
  • Steps 42-48 can be performed in a processing unit remote from the structure and sensor if desired. Also, a series of measurement over time can be made to determine time-varying properties of the pipe or other structure being monitored.
  • the invention provides a measurement of a change in the external diameter of the pipe.
  • This can indicate one of a number of scenarios: a change in lhe internal pressure of the pipe, a change of the void volume of the annulus and damage of the external or internal sheath of a flexible pipe, etc.
  • a change in lhe internal pressure of the pipe a change of the void volume of the annulus and damage of the external or internal sheath of a flexible pipe, etc.
  • Io infer internal pressure and pressure changes of the outer sheath of a flexible pipe by measuring changes in outer diameter of flexible pipes.
  • a number of conditions can be inferred from measurements of the change of pipe diameter, particularly those due Io pressure, or variations in the pressure, inside the annular space of the flexible pipes, for example:
  • the outer sheath may be damaged and sea water is invading the annular space. Sea water invasion promotes corrosion of the steei internal parts of the flexible pipe making it more likely to rupture.
  • the annular space may suffer from over pressure due to dogging or plugging of the venting system, eventually rupturing the outer sheath. This build up of pressure may be due to gas migration through the inner itner.
  • a metal strand of the armor of the flexible pipe may rupture and springing out of its intended position. This is not due to a change in pressure, the force applied to the outer sheath by the strand generating the change in diameter of the external sheath.
  • multiple sensors can be provided in a single clamp.
  • multiple clamps can be provided spaced aiong the structure of interest.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil, pour surveiller des paramètres physiques d'une structure, qui comporte un collier de serrage qui, lors de l'utilisation, est placé pour encercler la structure devant être surveillée, et un capteur de déformation fixé au collier de serrage et agencé de façon à détecter la déformation dans la direction de la périphérie de la structure. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de surveillance d'une structure, qui comporte la mise en place d'un collier de serrage pour encercler la structure devant être surveillée, le collier de serrage ayant un capteur de déformation fixé à celui-ci,  et le rassemblement d'informations provenant du capteur de déformation fixé au collier de serrage placé afin de détecter la déformation dans la direction de la périphérie de la structure.
PCT/US2009/032994 2008-02-08 2009-02-04 Procédés et appareil pour détecter une déformation dans des structures WO2009100084A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0802359.0 2008-02-08
GB0802359A GB2457277B (en) 2008-02-08 2008-02-08 Methods and apparatus for detecting strain in structures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009100084A1 true WO2009100084A1 (fr) 2009-08-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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WO (1) WO2009100084A1 (fr)

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WO2014090332A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Aktiebolaget Skf Ensemble capteur à fibre
WO2014108170A1 (fr) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-17 Aktiebolaget Skf Attache pour capteur à fibre optique
US9939085B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2018-04-10 Depro As Pipe clamp provided with a tension gauge and use of a tension gauge on a pipe clamp
CN112204367A (zh) * 2018-05-30 2021-01-08 韩国机械研究院 管道损坏检测设备、使用其的管道损坏检测系统以及使用其的管道损坏检测方法

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WO2014090324A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Aktiebolaget Skf Ensemble capteur à fibre optique
CN103063126B (zh) * 2012-12-25 2015-08-19 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 连续油管椭圆度检测方法
GB201318254D0 (en) * 2013-10-15 2013-11-27 Silixa Ltd Optical fiber cable
US10209060B1 (en) * 2014-07-31 2019-02-19 iSenseCloud, Inc. Fiber-optic sensors in a rosette or rosette-like pattern for structure monitoring
US10330456B2 (en) * 2016-05-10 2019-06-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Strain sensing cable tie
US10746534B2 (en) * 2017-07-03 2020-08-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Smart coating device for storage tank monitoring and calibration
AT520659B1 (de) * 2017-12-06 2020-02-15 Umweltdata G M B H Vorrichtung zur umfangsmessung
CN109520666B (zh) * 2019-01-03 2020-07-14 大连理工大学 一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法
GB202002029D0 (en) * 2020-02-14 2020-04-01 Trelleborg Offshore Uk Ltd A device for monitoring strain of an elongate underwater member

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9939085B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2018-04-10 Depro As Pipe clamp provided with a tension gauge and use of a tension gauge on a pipe clamp
WO2014090332A1 (fr) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-19 Aktiebolaget Skf Ensemble capteur à fibre
CN105122025A (zh) * 2012-12-14 2015-12-02 Skf公司 光纤传感器组件
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WO2014108170A1 (fr) * 2013-01-08 2014-07-17 Aktiebolaget Skf Attache pour capteur à fibre optique
CN112204367A (zh) * 2018-05-30 2021-01-08 韩国机械研究院 管道损坏检测设备、使用其的管道损坏检测系统以及使用其的管道损坏检测方法

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GB0802359D0 (en) 2008-03-12
GB2457277A (en) 2009-08-12
GB2457277B (en) 2010-10-13

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