WO2012097241A1 - Contrôle de l'intégrité structurale d'une conduite flexible - Google Patents

Contrôle de l'intégrité structurale d'une conduite flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012097241A1
WO2012097241A1 PCT/US2012/021229 US2012021229W WO2012097241A1 WO 2012097241 A1 WO2012097241 A1 WO 2012097241A1 US 2012021229 W US2012021229 W US 2012021229W WO 2012097241 A1 WO2012097241 A1 WO 2012097241A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flexible pipe
sensors
layers
receiver
disposed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/021229
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Douglas Kalman
Original Assignee
Deepflex Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deepflex Inc. filed Critical Deepflex Inc.
Publication of WO2012097241A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012097241A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0025—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F16L11/082—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/38—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0083—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to structural health monitoring of flexible pipe, and in particular, using wireless sensors to monitor the structural health of a flexible pipe, such as an unbonded flexible pipe.
  • UKOOA Guidance Note provide the possibility of non-destructive visual inspection of the structural layers for physical damage due to corrosion, fatigue, environmental degradation or accidental loading.
  • Fiber optic monitoring can be used to measure temperature or global strain range in the pipe, but requires that the fiber be terminated and monitored at the flexible pipe end fitting.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method to monitor the structural health of a flexible pipe including disposing one or more sensors within layers of the flexible pipe and wirelessly monitoring the one or more sensors with at least one receiver.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method to monitor the structural health of a flexible pipeline including providing power to one or more transmitting sensors located within layers of the flexible pipe and wirelessly monitoring the one or more sensors with at least one receiver.
  • the present disclosure relates to a structural health monitoring apparatus of a flexible pipe including a plurality of sensors disposed within layers of the flexible pipe and at least one receiver configured to wirelessly monitor the plurality of sensors.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method to manufacture a flexible pipe including forming the flexible pipe from a plurality of layers and disposing a plurality of sensors within the layers of the flexible pipe.
  • the present disclosure relates to a composite armored flexible pipe including a tubular core, a plurality of structural layers, an outer jacket disposed external to the plurality of structural layers, at least one structural layer comprising one or more fiber reinforced tapes, and at least one sensor disposed between the tubular core and the outer jacket.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of a flexible pipe as employed by one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • One or more embodiments of the present disclosure allow for monitoring the structural strains and/or other structural health factors imposed on elements of a flexible pipe during service.
  • a composite armored flexible pipe 1 is shown.
  • embodiments discussed herein will be in reference to an unbonded flexible pipe, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the sensors and methods disclosed herein may be used with other composite armored flexible pipe structures.
  • FIG. 1 an isometric view of one embodiment of a composite armored flexible pipe 1 is shown.
  • a structural pipe core 2 may be helically wrapped with a first layer of composite tape stacks 4 in a first orientation and a second layer of composite tape stacks 6 which may be counter wound with respect to stacks 4 in an alternative orientation.
  • An anti-abrasive layer 8 may be disposed between stacks 4 and stacks 6 and an anti-extrusion layer 12 may be disposed between stacks 4 and pipe core 2.
  • the stacks 4 and 6 may form various structural reinforcement layers of the flexible pipe.
  • the stacks 4 may be composed and oriented to form a hoop strength reinforcement layer and the stacks 6 may be composed and oriented to form a tensile reinforcement layer.
  • stacks 4 and 6 may form burst-resistant reinforcement layers or other structural layers of the flexible pipe. As shown, only two layers of composite tape stacks are shown. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that more layers of composite tape stacks may be provided without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • a composite armor layer may be a tensile layer, a hoop layer, a burst layer, or other reinforcement and/or structural layer of a flexible pipe.
  • a jacket 10 may cover the layers and elements of the flexible pipe 1 to provide external protection.
  • Figure 1 depicts a relatively simple flexible composite pipe structure 1, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a flexible pipe may include additional and/or different layers, including liners, pressure armor layers, anti-wear layers, lubricating layers, tensile armor reinforcement layers, anti-extrusion layers, membranes, and/or any other layers as may be included in a composite armored flexible pipe and/or elements of flexible steel pipe without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the layers of the composite tape stacks 4 and 6 may comprise one or more helically wrapped tapes or stacks of laminated tapes.
  • the tapes or stacks may be made of non-metallic fiber-reinforced tapes that may be laminated and bonded together as a single structural member.
  • the individual layers of the stacks may include UD (unidirectional) tape and/or other structural and/or reinforced tape.
  • One or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to monitor and/or inspect the layers of an unbonded flexible pipe.
  • the pipe to be monitored and/or inspected may be in service, in offshore dynamic or static service, and/or in onshore static service. Measurements made to monitor and/or inspect for changes in structural capacity and/or layer integrity in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be made in situ for input to determine the remaining service life of the monitored/inspected flexible pipe or to monitor for any damage to the pipe.
  • one-way communications may also occur between two transceivers, wherein one transceiver acts as the transmitter and the other acts as the receiver.
  • a transceiver may be used in place of either (or both) without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • the transmitter and receiver may both be replaced by transceivers, such that depending on configuration, communications may travel in either direction.
  • wireless strain gauges and/or other wireless sensors may be embedded within the layers of an unbonded flexible pipe to monitor structural health, including direct measurements of strain, interlayer pressure and temperature.
  • Wireless sensor data may also be obtained through transmission to receivers and analyzed to determine bore and/or annulus fluid and temperature, changes in properties of non-structural layers, such as the polymer layers, and/or any other structural health factors.
  • the wireless strain gauges and other sensors may be interrogated by receivers or receiving transceivers that may be temporarily mounted externally to the pipe, and/or translated along or near the pipe, either by remote operated vehicles (ROV's) and/or transducer rings which use gravity or a locomotive device to move the receiver or transceiver along the external diameter of the flexible pipe.
  • ROV's remote operated vehicles
  • transducer rings which use gravity or a locomotive device to move the receiver or transceiver along the external diameter of the flexible pipe.
  • the wireless strain gauges or sensors may be interrogated by an intelligent pig as it passes through the bore of the flexible pipe.
  • the wireless sensors may be wireless transmitters or transmitting transceivers themselves or, in the alternative, may be wired sensors in wired communication with one or more wireless transmitters (or transceivers set to transmit) internal to the pipe for communication with the wireless receivers (or transceivers set to receive) external to the pipe.
  • the sensors internal to the pipe structure may communicate (wirelessly) directly or indirectly to the receivers (or receiving transceivers) external to the pipe.
  • unbonded flexible pipe is a multi-layer construction with relatively complex stress states in combination with uncertain environments, it has been challenging to the industry to determine the degree of remaining useful life based on changes in structural integrity of a product in service.
  • the multiple layers of helical pressure armor used for hoop strength and helical tensile armor used for both hoop strength and tensile strength may be subject to potential fatigue due to alternating stress, wear due to interlayer contact pressure in combination with relative motion between adjacent layers, and, where metallic materials are employed, corrosion due to the annulus environment.
  • FFRP DeepFlex Flexible Fiber Reinforced Pipe
  • other potential degradation mechanisms are possible, such as debonding, delamination, matrix cracking, and/or stress rupture.
  • the degradation mechanisms can lead to a gradual loss of structural integrity over time.
  • Publication No. 2010/0089478, entitled “Flexible Pipe,” and European Patent Reference No. EP 1407243 61, entitled “A method of mounting a sensor arrangement in a tubular member, and use of the method,” may be suitable for monitoring and inspection of the innermost layers, but they require that the fiber be continuous over the entire helical length from the point of measurement to the point of signal detection.
  • the point of signal detection is most often at the pipe end fitting. As such, routing the fiber through the end fitting to the point of signal detection without damaging the fiber may be difficult.
  • the sensing system could become non-functional or provide erroneous data.
  • wireless sensors such as strain gauges and/or other types of sensors, may be strategically located throughout the pipe length. Further, the wireless sensors may be located in some or all of the structural layers and may be used to measure strain and/or other properties of specific layers. Multiple sensors may be employed to measure the same properties in the vicinity of the same location to improve the accuracy of the data measurement. As such, a wired or fiber optic fiber may not be necessary to monitor the status/health of the flexible pipe.
  • the wireless sensors may be employed in unbonded flexible pipe employing metallic armor.
  • the wireless sensors could be employed under the external sheath or in other positions where signal and power transmission are not shielded by the metallic armor.
  • Wireless strain gauges and sensors are currently being employed for civil structural, aerospace, some oil and gas, and medical applications. Most commercially available sensors are relatively large for application in flexible pipe. However, smaller sensors that would be suitable are under development for example using Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (“MEMS”) technology. For example, MEMS are described in Olson et al.
  • Power is often provided by miniature lithium ion batteries, as described by SMD Sensors, Microstrain, and Arms et al., Wireless Strain Sensing Networks, 2 nd European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Kunststoff, Germany, July 7-9, 2004. To extend battery life, the sensors are placed in sleep mode when they are not being interrogated, and power up only to communicate with a receiving device.
  • the sensors may not require a battery.
  • the interrogation device e.g., a transceiver operating in two-way communications mode to transmit power signals and receive measurement signals
  • the interrogation device may transmit power to a miniature capacitor built into the sensor.
  • the capacitor may be sized so that the sensor (e.g., a transceiver set to receive power signals and transmit measurement signals) may have sufficient power to make a measurement and transmit the measurement back to the transceiver in the interrogation device.
  • Numerous small and low cost sensors may be built into the flexible pipe structure. In critical areas of dynamic risers, such as in high curvature range areas at the top or near the touchdown point, a higher density of sensors may be installed.
  • both thin film sensors and thin film miniature capacitors are available and/or under development.
  • the sensors may be adhered to individual armor spirals and for thermoplastic sheaths without causing diameter and/or wall thickness variations in the flexible pipe structure.
  • the sensors may be installed on the layers using suitable adhesives.
  • An automated system for placing the sensors at specified locations may be used during the flexible pipe manufacturing process. Accordingly, a systematic, consistent, and efficient means of sensor installation may be employed.
  • thin film sensors may be integrated into a tape layer that is either wound helically on the pipe, or the tape could be one of a tape layer forming a reinforcement layer or stack in a composite armored flexible pipe such as DeepFlex FFRP.
  • Sensors may be employed to measure strain in any of the principal directions, contact pressure between adjacent layers, inter-layer temperatures, and/or other properties that affect structural capacity and/or layer integrity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet une méthode pour contrôler l'intégrité structurale d'une conduite flexible, comprenant l'installation d'un ou plusieurs détecteurs à l'intérieur de couches de la conduite flexible, et le contrôle sans fil du ou des détecteurs avec au moins un récepteur. La présente invention concerne également un appareil de contrôle de l'intégrité structurale d'une conduite flexible comportant une pluralité de détecteurs installés à l'intérieur de couches de la conduite flexible et au moins un récepteur conçu pour contrôler sans fil la pluralité de détecteurs. La présente invention concerne une méthode de fabrication d'une conduite flexible comprenant la constitution de la conduite flexible à partir d'une pluralité de couches et l'installation d'une pluralité de détecteurs à l'intérieur des couches de la conduite flexible. La présente invention concerne également une conduite flexible composite blindée comprenant une partie centrale tubulaire, une pluralité de couches structurales, une chemise extérieure disposée à l'extérieur de la pluralité de couches structurales, au moins une couche structurale comprenant un ou plusieurs rubans à renforcement de fibres, et au moins un détecteur disposé entre la partie centrale tubulaire et la chemise extérieure.
PCT/US2012/021229 2011-01-14 2012-01-13 Contrôle de l'intégrité structurale d'une conduite flexible WO2012097241A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161432800P 2011-01-14 2011-01-14
US61/432,800 2011-01-14

Publications (1)

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WO2012097241A1 true WO2012097241A1 (fr) 2012-07-19

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014211798A1 (de) * 2014-06-19 2015-12-24 Eddelbüttel & Schneider GmbH Schlauch mit integriertem System zur Detektion von Beschädigungen
WO2016162559A1 (fr) * 2015-04-09 2016-10-13 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Dispositif de controle a noeuds electroniques aptes a s'alimenter electriquement entre eux et a communiquer entre eux
US9546917B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2017-01-17 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Strain amplification sensor
EP3220118A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-09-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Système comprenant au moins un corps creux
US10222290B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-03-05 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Detecting moisture proximate to insulation
US10274396B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-04-30 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Flexible pipe body and sensing method having a curvature sensor and tensile armour wire

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6491779B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2002-12-10 Deepsea Flexibles, Inc. Method of forming a composite tubular assembly
GB2446670A (en) * 2007-07-11 2008-08-20 Flexlife Ltd Ultrasonic inspecting of flexible pipe line structural integrity.
RU2008139435A (ru) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "ОРМА" (RU) Система мониторинга технического состояния трубопровода и способ инсталляции сенсорного оптического волокна
RU2390629C2 (ru) * 2003-04-23 2010-05-27 Бейкер Хьюз Инкорпорейтед Система дистанционного контроля потокопроводов

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6491779B1 (en) * 1999-05-03 2002-12-10 Deepsea Flexibles, Inc. Method of forming a composite tubular assembly
RU2390629C2 (ru) * 2003-04-23 2010-05-27 Бейкер Хьюз Инкорпорейтед Система дистанционного контроля потокопроводов
GB2446670A (en) * 2007-07-11 2008-08-20 Flexlife Ltd Ultrasonic inspecting of flexible pipe line structural integrity.
RU2008139435A (ru) * 2008-09-25 2010-03-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "ОРМА" (RU) Система мониторинга технического состояния трубопровода и способ инсталляции сенсорного оптического волокна

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9546917B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2017-01-17 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Strain amplification sensor
DE102014211798A1 (de) * 2014-06-19 2015-12-24 Eddelbüttel & Schneider GmbH Schlauch mit integriertem System zur Detektion von Beschädigungen
US9939115B2 (en) 2014-06-19 2018-04-10 Eddelbüttel & Schneider GmbH Hose comprising an integrated system for detecting damage
US10274396B2 (en) 2014-07-03 2019-04-30 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Flexible pipe body and sensing method having a curvature sensor and tensile armour wire
WO2016162559A1 (fr) * 2015-04-09 2016-10-13 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Dispositif de controle a noeuds electroniques aptes a s'alimenter electriquement entre eux et a communiquer entre eux
FR3034862A1 (fr) * 2015-04-09 2016-10-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif de controle a nœuds electroniques aptes a s'alimenter electriquement entre eux et a communiquer entre eux
US10222290B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2019-03-05 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Detecting moisture proximate to insulation
EP3220118A1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-09-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Système comprenant au moins un corps creux

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