WO2009087259A1 - Method for the treatment of water originating from the washing of agricultural products - Google Patents
Method for the treatment of water originating from the washing of agricultural products Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009087259A1 WO2009087259A1 PCT/ES2009/000013 ES2009000013W WO2009087259A1 WO 2009087259 A1 WO2009087259 A1 WO 2009087259A1 ES 2009000013 W ES2009000013 W ES 2009000013W WO 2009087259 A1 WO2009087259 A1 WO 2009087259A1
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- water
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-1,1-DIMETHYLUREA Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 XMTQQYYKAHVGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005510 Diuron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005590 Oxyfluorfen Substances 0.000 description 2
- OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxyfluorfen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-SVWSLYAFSA-N endosulfan Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)OS(=O)OC[C@@H]1[C@]1(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)[C@@]2(Cl)C1(Cl)Cl RDYMFSUJUZBWLH-SVWSLYAFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FZXISNSWEXTPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutylazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=N1 FZXISNSWEXTPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AAPVQEMYVNZIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodan sulfate Chemical compound C12COS(=O)(=O)OCC2C2(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1(Cl)C2(Cl)Cl AAPVQEMYVNZIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007425 progressive decline Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N simazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NCC)=N1 ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5254—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using magnesium compounds and phosphoric acid for removing ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/306—Pesticides
Definitions
- Wastewater treatment from the washing of agricultural products is wastewater treatment from the washing of agricultural products.
- the main source of liquid waste generation in the fruit and vegetable processing industry is the process of washing them and the machinery and equipment of the production line.
- the discharge, without prior treatment, of liquid waste from the fruit and vegetable products processing industry can cause significant contamination of the receiving waters.
- the organic material constitutes the main pollutant, the problems of water pollution will be related mainly to the decomposition of said material, which can result in a decrease in water oxygen, fish death, biogas production and emission and formation of a floating material layer.
- the liquid discharges have a high concentration of solids, a layer of sediment may form at the bottom of the receiving waters, where anaerobic degradation can occur with the consequent formation of malodorous gases.
- the present invention provides a solution to this double problem of the washing waters from the fruit and / or vegetable processing industry, allowing its integral treatment, so that the final effluent can be reused or discharged.
- the present invention has as its object the development of a process for the treatment of washing waters of the fruit and vegetable processing industries, particularly for the treatment of water from olive washing machines in oil mills, thus allowing their subsequent reuse after effective disposal both of suspended materials and pesticide residues.
- the proposed method is based on a clarification process by adding a coagulating agent for the elimination of suspended matter, together with the use of an adsorbent for the elimination of pesticide residues. With this procedure, pesticides are eliminated from the water from the washing machines of agricultural products.
- the proposed invention makes it possible to obtain a transparent, clean and pesticide-free water, which can be recirculated to the same washing process or discharged.
- First stage The washing water contaminated with suspended matter and agrochemical compounds, kept under stirring, is subjected to a coagulation / flocculation process by the addition under suitable conditions of a coagulating agent, preferably between 10 and 1000 mg of AI 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 or FeCI 3 per liter of water.
- a coagulating agent preferably between 10 and 1000 mg of AI 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 or FeCI 3 per liter of water.
- the mixture is made by stirring slowly for a time between 10 seconds and 10 minutes, after which it is allowed to settle for 1 to 100 minutes. In that time the flocs can be easily separated, leaving the water transparent, free of suspended particles.
- Second stage An optimum amount of a suitable adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, etc., is added to the water.
- a suitable adsorbent material such as activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, etc.
- a suitable adsorbent material such as activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, etc.
- the adsorbent effectively retains the residues of agrochemical compounds present, particularly pesticides, ultimately resulting in water that can be recirculated to the washing process or discharged abroad.
- the liquid resulting from the first stage must be kept under stirring.
- an optionally filtering phase can be inserted for the elimination of the flocs formed in the first stage. In this case, it would be possible to reuse the active carbon after the desorption of the pesticides.
- Second stage To the wash water from olive mill processing, subjected to mechanical agitation, 300 mg of FeCI 3 per liter of water was added as coagulant. The mixture was stirred slowly for 1 minute and allowed to settle for 10 minutes, after which a clear water, free of suspended matter, was obtained by decantation.
- Second stage Next, to the water resulting from the previous stage, maintained under mechanical agitation, 200 mg of activated carbon sprayed per liter of initial water was added as adsorbent, stirring again for 1 minute. The mixture was allowed to settle for 10 minutes. After this time, a water free of solids and pesticide residues was obtained by decantation. The analyzes of the treated water showed an efficient elimination of the herbicides diuron, terbutylazine and oxyfluorfen; and of the insecticide endosulfan and its degradation product endosulfan sulfate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the treatment of water originating from the washing of agricultural products in fruit and vegetable processing industries, particularly for the treatment of water originating from olive-washing machines in mills, enabling the water to be reused following the effective removal of suspended matter and pesticide residues. The method is based on a clarification process comprising the addition of a coagulant in order to remove the suspended matter and the use of an adsorbent in order to remove the pesticide residues. Said method can be used to remove pesticides from water originating from machines used to wash agricultural products. Consequently, the invention can be used to obtain pesticide-free, clean, clear water which can be reused in the aforementioned washing process or discharged.
Description
Procedimiento para el tratamiento de aguas procedentes del lavado de productos agrícolas Procedure for the treatment of water from the washing of agricultural products
SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICASECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
Tratamiento de aguas residuales procedentes del lavado de productos agrícolas.Wastewater treatment from the washing of agricultural products.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICASTATE OF THE TECHNIQUE
La principal fuente de generación de residuos líquidos en Ia industria procesadora de frutas y hortalizas es el proceso de lavado de las mismas y de Ia maquinaria y equipos de Ia línea de producción. La descarga, sin un tratamiento previo, de residuos líquidos de Ia industria de procesamiento de productos hortofrutícolas puede provocar una importante contaminación de las aguas receptoras. Dado que el material orgánico constituye el principal contaminante, los problemas de contaminación de aguas se relacionarán principalmente con Ia descomposición de dicho material, Io que puede traducirse en disminución del oxígeno del agua, muerte de peces, producción y emisión de biogás y formación de una capa de material flotante. Asimismo, si las descargas líquidas tienen una alta concentración de sólidos, puede formarse una capa de sedimento en el fondo de las aguas receptoras, donde se puede producir una degradación anaeróbica con Ia consecuente formación de gases malolientes. Para solucionar esta problemática, Ia mayor parte de las industrias llevan a cabo un tratamiento de aguas residuales, consistente en Ia aplicación de los siguientes procesos físico-químicos: coagulación, floculación, sedimentación y/o filtración. Un problema adicional que presentan estas aguas de lavado es Ia presencia de plaguicidas y otros compuestos agroquímicos provenientes del cultivo de las materias primas. Estas sustancias pueden alcanzar concentraciones no toleradas
en función del uso posterior que se vaya a dar a esas aguas, ya sea su recirculación al proceso de lavado o su descarga a aguas receptoras. La eliminación de estos compuestos agroquímicos es más compleja y requiere de tratamientos químicos específicos que permitan Ia eliminación de los mismos. Pese a Ia existencia de esta doble problemática, en el estado de Ia técnica no se conocen procedimientos que permitan Ia eliminación conjunta de materia en suspensión y compuestos agroquímicos, en particular plaguicidas, en aguas residuales procedentes de Ia industrial procesadora de frutas y/o hortalizas. En particular, a Ia industria procesadora de aceitunas, especialmente aquella que tiene por objeto Ia obtención del aceite oliva, este fruto en ocasiones llega a las almazaras con residuos de distintos plaguicidas, además de restos de tierra (puede alcanzarse un 10-15% en peso de suelo acompañando a las aceitunas cosechadas), ramas, piedras, hojas, etc. Esto se produce como consecuencia de Ia aplicación de herbicidas de pre-emergencia en los meses de octubre a noviembre, antes de las lluvias de invierno y previa a Ia germinación anual de las malas hierbas. Tras su cosechado, se detectan en las aceitunas residuos de diferentes compuestos agroquímicos, entre los que se encuentran los herbicidas diurón, oxyfluorfen, simazina y terbutilazina, así como el insecticida endosulfán y el producto resultante de su degradación, el endosulfán-sulfato. Esto se debe, como se ha dicho anteriormente, al uso de estos compuestos tan próximo a Ia campaña de recolección, unido a su persistencia, Io que maximiza el riesgo de contaminación superficial de este fruto. Para solventar este problema, y evitar así que estos compuestos pueden incorporarse al aceite procedente de Ia molturación de las aceitunas, éstas se lavan adecuadamente en las máquinas lavadoras de las almazaras. Idealmente, el agua de lavado tendría que ser cambiada con una frecuencia tal que Ia concentración de plaguicidas alcanzada fuera tolerada, pero en general estos cambios no se realizan el número de veces necesario, debido
fundamentalmente a dos razones; primero, Ia gran cantidad de agua necesaria (alrededor de 20000 litros de agua por ciclo de lavado), en regiones que típicamente presentan una gran escasez de este recurso hídrico; y segundo, Ia necesidad de parar frecuentemente el proceso de producción para efectuar el cambio del agua.The main source of liquid waste generation in the fruit and vegetable processing industry is the process of washing them and the machinery and equipment of the production line. The discharge, without prior treatment, of liquid waste from the fruit and vegetable products processing industry can cause significant contamination of the receiving waters. Since the organic material constitutes the main pollutant, the problems of water pollution will be related mainly to the decomposition of said material, which can result in a decrease in water oxygen, fish death, biogas production and emission and formation of a floating material layer. Likewise, if the liquid discharges have a high concentration of solids, a layer of sediment may form at the bottom of the receiving waters, where anaerobic degradation can occur with the consequent formation of malodorous gases. To solve this problem, most of the industries carry out a wastewater treatment, consisting of the application of the following physical-chemical processes: coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and / or filtration. An additional problem presented by these wash waters is the presence of pesticides and other agrochemical compounds from the cultivation of raw materials. These substances can reach un tolerated concentrations depending on the subsequent use that will be given to those waters, either their recirculation to the washing process or their discharge to receiving waters. The elimination of these agrochemical compounds is more complex and requires specific chemical treatments that allow their elimination. Despite the existence of this double problem, in the state of the art there are no known procedures that allow the joint elimination of suspended matter and agrochemical compounds, in particular pesticides, in wastewater from the fruit and / or vegetable processing industrial . In particular, to the olive processing industry, especially the one that aims to obtain olive oil, this fruit sometimes reaches the oil mills with residues of different pesticides, in addition to traces of soil (10-15% can be reached in soil weight accompanying harvested olives), branches, stones, leaves, etc. This occurs as a result of the application of pre-emergency herbicides in the months of October to November, before winter rains and prior to the annual germination of weeds. After harvesting, residues of different agrochemical compounds are detected in olives, including diuron, oxyfluorfen, simazine and terbutylazine herbicides, as well as the endosulfan insecticide and the product resulting from its degradation, endosulfan sulfate. This is due, as stated above, to the use of these compounds so close to the harvesting campaign, together with their persistence, which maximizes the risk of surface contamination of this fruit. To solve this problem, and thus avoid that these compounds can be incorporated into the oil from the milling of the olives, they are properly washed in the washing machines of the oil mills. Ideally, the wash water would have to be changed with a frequency such that the concentration of pesticides reached was tolerated, but in general these changes are not made as many times as necessary, because fundamentally to two reasons; first, the large amount of water needed (around 20,000 liters of water per wash cycle), in regions that typically have a great shortage of this water resource; and second, the need to frequently stop the production process to effect water change.
De esta manera, a medida que se van lavando más frutas y/o hortalizas, en concreto más aceitunas, se produce una contaminación progresiva de esta agua, Io que provoca una disminución progresiva de Ia eficiencia del lavado, hasta el punto de que en determinadas circunstancias las aceitunas presentan tras el lavado concentraciones mayores de plaguicidas que al inicio de éste.In this way, as more fruits and / or vegetables are washed, in particular more olives, there is a progressive contamination of this water, which causes a progressive decrease in washing efficiency, to the point that in certain Circumstances, olives show higher concentrations of pesticides after washing than at the beginning.
En Ia práctica, se ha observado que aceitunas exentas de estos compuestos, provenientes por ejemplo de cultivos donde Ia recolección se realiza directamente sobre el árbol (no se recoge Ia aceituna depositada en el suelo), han llegado a contaminarse en Ia máquina lavadora. Se han descrito algunos métodos para Ia purificación del agua de desecho procedente del lavado de aceitunas en las almazaras, así como del agua de vegetación (agua contenida en Ia aceituna) procedente de Ia producción del aceite de oliva, pero ninguno de ellos trata Ia eliminación de residuos de plaguicidas. Todos estos procedimientos están centrados en Ia optimización del pH, concentración de polifenoles y/o demanda química de oxígeno (DQO).In practice, it has been observed that olives exempt from these compounds, for example from crops where the harvesting is carried out directly on the tree (the olive deposited in the soil is not collected), have become contaminated in the washing machine. Some methods have been described for the purification of waste water from the washing of olives in the oil mills, as well as the vegetation water (water contained in the olive) from the production of olive oil, but none of them treats the elimination of pesticide residues. All these procedures are focused on the optimization of pH, concentration of polyphenols and / or chemical oxygen demand (COD).
La presente invención aporta una solución a este doble problema de las aguas de lavado procedentes de Ia industria procesadora de frutas y/o hortalizas, permitiendo su tratamiento integral, de manera que el efluente final pueda ser reutilizado o descargado.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN Objeto de Ia invenciónThe present invention provides a solution to this double problem of the washing waters from the fruit and / or vegetable processing industry, allowing its integral treatment, so that the final effluent can be reused or discharged. EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION Object of the invention
La presente invención tiene por objeto el desarrollo de un proceso de tratamiento de aguas de lavado de las industrias procesadoras de frutas y hortalizas, particularmente para el tratamiento de aguas procedentes de máquinas lavadoras de aceituna en almazaras, permitiendo así su posterior reutilización tras Ia eliminación efectiva tanto de los materiales en suspensión como de los residuos de plaguicidas. El método propuesto se basa en un proceso de clarificación mediante Ia adición de un agente coagulante para Ia eliminación de Ia materia en suspensión, unida al uso de un adsorbente para Ia eliminación de los residuos de plaguicidas. Con este procedimiento se eliminan los plaguicidas del agua procedente de las máquinas lavadoras de productos agrícolas. De esta manera, Ia invención propuesta posibilita Ia obtención de un agua transparente, limpia y libre de plaguicidas, que puede recircularse al mismo proceso de lavado o ser descargada.The present invention has as its object the development of a process for the treatment of washing waters of the fruit and vegetable processing industries, particularly for the treatment of water from olive washing machines in oil mills, thus allowing their subsequent reuse after effective disposal both of suspended materials and pesticide residues. The proposed method is based on a clarification process by adding a coagulating agent for the elimination of suspended matter, together with the use of an adsorbent for the elimination of pesticide residues. With this procedure, pesticides are eliminated from the water from the washing machines of agricultural products. Thus, the proposed invention makes it possible to obtain a transparent, clean and pesticide-free water, which can be recirculated to the same washing process or discharged.
Descripción detallada de Ia invenciónDetailed description of the invention
Se describen a continuación las dos etapas necesarias para el tratamiento del agua de lavado procedente de industrias procesadoras de frutas y/o hortalizas. Estas dos etapas se pueden realizar simultáneamente o de manera consecutiva.The two stages necessary for the treatment of washing water from fruit and / or vegetable processing industries are described below. These two stages can be performed simultaneously or consecutively.
Primera etapa: El agua de lavado contaminada con materia en suspensión y compuestos agroquímicos, mantenida en agitación, se somete a un proceso de coagulación/floculación mediante Ia adición en condiciones adecuadas de un agente coagulante, preferentemente entre 10 y 1000 mg de AI2(SO4)3 o FeCI3 por litro de agua. La mezcla se realiza agitando lentamente durante un tiempo entre 10 segundos y 10 minutos, tras Io cual se deja sedimentar entre 1 y 100 minutos. En
ese momento los flóculos pueden ser fácilmente separados, dejando el agua transparente, libre de partículas en suspensión.First stage: The washing water contaminated with suspended matter and agrochemical compounds, kept under stirring, is subjected to a coagulation / flocculation process by the addition under suitable conditions of a coagulating agent, preferably between 10 and 1000 mg of AI 2 ( SO 4 ) 3 or FeCI 3 per liter of water. The mixture is made by stirring slowly for a time between 10 seconds and 10 minutes, after which it is allowed to settle for 1 to 100 minutes. In that time the flocs can be easily separated, leaving the water transparent, free of suspended particles.
Segunda etapa: Al agua se Ie añade una cantidad óptima de un material adsorbente adecuado, como carbón activo, tierra de diatomeas, etc. Preferentemente se añaden entre 10 y 1000 mg de carbón activo pulverizado por litro de agua residual inicial, mezclando lentamente durante un tiempo que varía entre 10 segundos y 10 minutos. Posteriormente se deja sedimentar entre 1 y 100 minutos. El adsorbente retiene de manera eficaz los residuos de compuestos agroquímicos presentes, particularmente plaguicidas, resultando finalmente un agua que puede ser recirculada al proceso de lavado o descargada al exterior.Second stage: An optimum amount of a suitable adsorbent material, such as activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, etc., is added to the water. Preferably, between 10 and 1000 mg of activated carbon sprayed per liter of initial wastewater are added, mixing slowly for a time ranging from 10 seconds to 10 minutes. Subsequently, it is allowed to settle for 1 to 100 minutes. The adsorbent effectively retains the residues of agrochemical compounds present, particularly pesticides, ultimately resulting in water that can be recirculated to the washing process or discharged abroad.
Si las etapas anteriormente descritas se realizan de forma sucesiva el líquido resultante de Ia primera etapa debe mantenerse en agitación. Cuando el contenido en lodos del agua de lavado sea muy alto, entre Ia primera y Ia segunda etapa se puede intercalar, opcionalmente, una fase de filtrado para Ia eliminación de los flóculos formados en Ia primera etapa. En este caso, sería posible Ia reutilización del carbón activo tras Ia desorción de los plaguicidas.If the steps described above are performed successively, the liquid resulting from the first stage must be kept under stirring. When the sludge content of the wash water is very high, between the first and the second stage an optionally filtering phase can be inserted for the elimination of the flocs formed in the first stage. In this case, it would be possible to reuse the active carbon after the desorption of the pesticides.
Si las etapas se realizan de manera simultánea, añadiendo el coagulante y el adsorbente al mismo tiempo, sólo es necesario realizar una única fase de sedimentación.If the stages are carried out simultaneously, adding the coagulant and the adsorbent at the same time, it is only necessary to perform a single sedimentation phase.
Modo de Realización PreferidoPreferred Embodiment
Primera etapa: Al agua de lavado procedente del procesado de aceitunas en almazara, sometida a agitación mecánica, se Ie añadió como coagulante 300 mg de FeCI3 por litro de agua. La mezcla se agitó lentamente durante 1 minuto y se dejó sedimentar durante 10 minutos, tras Io cual se obtuvo por decantación un agua transparente, libre de materia en suspensión.
Segunda etapa: A continuación, al agua resultante de Ia etapa anterior, mantenida en agitación mecánica, se Ie añadió como adsorbente 200 mg de carbón activo pulverizado por litro de agua inicial, agitando de nuevo durante 1 minuto. La mezcla se dejó sedimentar durante 10 minutos. Tras este tiempo, se obtuvo por decantación un agua libre de sólidos y residuos de plaguicidas. Los análisis realizados del agua tratada mostraron una eficiente eliminación de los herbicidas diurón, terbutilazina y oxyfluorfen; y del insecticida endosulfán y su producto de degradación endosulfán-sulfato.
First stage: To the wash water from olive mill processing, subjected to mechanical agitation, 300 mg of FeCI 3 per liter of water was added as coagulant. The mixture was stirred slowly for 1 minute and allowed to settle for 10 minutes, after which a clear water, free of suspended matter, was obtained by decantation. Second stage: Next, to the water resulting from the previous stage, maintained under mechanical agitation, 200 mg of activated carbon sprayed per liter of initial water was added as adsorbent, stirring again for 1 minute. The mixture was allowed to settle for 10 minutes. After this time, a water free of solids and pesticide residues was obtained by decantation. The analyzes of the treated water showed an efficient elimination of the herbicides diuron, terbutylazine and oxyfluorfen; and of the insecticide endosulfan and its degradation product endosulfan sulfate.
Claims
REIVINDICACIONES
L- Procedimiento para el tratamiento del agua de lavado de productos agrícolas caracterizado por comprender dos etapas, sucesivas o simultáneas, siendo una de ellas de coagulación/floculación de materia en suspensión y Ia otra de adsorción de compuestos agroquímicos.L- Procedure for the treatment of water for washing agricultural products characterized by comprising two stages, successive or simultaneous, one of them being coagulation / flocculation of suspended matter and the other adsorption of agrochemical compounds.
2.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque en Ia etapa de coagulación/floculación se añade un agente coagulante, preferentemente AI2(SO4)3 o FeCI3, agitando lentamente durante un tiempo que varía entre 10 segundos y 10 minutos y se deja posteriormente sedimentar durante un tiempo que varía entre 1 y 100 minutos.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the coagulation / flocculation stage a coagulating agent is added, preferably AI 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or FeCI 3, stirring slowly for a time that varies between 10 seconds and 10 minutes and It is then allowed to settle for a time that varies between 1 and 100 minutes.
3.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 2, que utiliza entre 10 y 1000 mg de AI2(SO4)3 o FeCI3 por litro de agua. A - Procedimiento según reivindicaciones 2 ó 3, caracterizado por Ia adición de 300 mg de FeCI3 por litro de agua, agitando lentamente durante 1 minuto y dejando sedimentar durante 10 minutos.3. Method according to claim 2, which uses between 10 and 1000 mg of AI 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or FeCI 3 per liter of water. A - Procedure according to claims 2 or 3, characterized by the addition of 300 mg of FeCI 3 per liter of water, stirring slowly for 1 minute and allowing to settle for 10 minutes.
5.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque Ia etapa de adsorción comprende Ia adición de un agente adsorbente, preferentemente entre 10 y 1000 mg de carbón activo pulverizado por litro de agua, mezclando lentamente durante un tiempo entre 10 segundos y 10 minutos y dejando sedimentar durante un tiempo entre 1 y 100 minutos.5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adsorption step comprises the addition of an adsorbent agent, preferably between 10 and 1000 mg of activated carbon sprayed per liter of water, mixing slowly for a time between 10 seconds and 10 minutes and leaving sediment for a time between 1 and 100 minutes.
6.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 5, caracterizado por Ia adición de 200 mg de carbón activo pulverizado por litro de agua, agitando lentamente durante 1 minuto y dejando sedimentar durante 10 minutos. 7.- Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las etapas de coagulación/floculación y de adsorción se realizan de manera simultánea, añadiendo el agente coagulante y el agente adsorbente al mismo
tiempo, siendo necesaria una única fase de sedimentación durante un tiempo entre6. Method according to claim 5, characterized by the addition of 200 mg of activated carbon sprayed per liter of water, stirring slowly for 1 minute and allowing to settle for 10 minutes. 7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coagulation / flocculation and adsorption steps are carried out simultaneously, adding the coagulating agent and the adsorbent agent thereto. time, being necessary a single phase of sedimentation during a time between
1 y 100 minutos.1 and 100 minutes.
8.- Procedimiento según reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque tras Ia etapa de coagulación/floculación se realiza una fase de filtrado para Ia eliminación de los flóculos formados.8. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that after the coagulation / flocculation stage a filtering phase is carried out for the elimination of the formed flocs.
9.- Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores en el que el agua sometida a tratamiento procede del lavado de aceitunas y/o Ia producción de aceite de oliva en almazaras.
9. Method according to any of the preceding claims in which the water subjected to treatment comes from the washing of olives and / or the production of olive oil in oil mills.
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| ESP200800153 | 2008-01-11 | ||
| ES200800153A ES2324141B1 (en) | 2008-01-11 | 2008-01-11 | PROCEDURE FOR WATER TREATMENT FROM WASHING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. |
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| CN104140147A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | First-level physical and chemical strengthening coagulant for oilfield wastewater and processing method for oilfield wastewater |
| CN104140150A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | Primary physicochemical enhanced treatment coagulant for chemical waste water |
| CN104140148A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | Primary physicochemical enhanced coagulant for town sewage and treatment method thereof |
| CN104140151A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | One-level physical and chemical intensified processing coagulant for electroplate waste water |
| CN104150575A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | One-stage materialization enhanced coagulation agent and treatment method for printing and dyeing wastewater |
| CN104724810A (en) * | 2015-04-04 | 2015-06-24 | 青岛大学 | Environment-friendly flocculant with natural high polymer as major component |
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| ES2367734B2 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2012-03-16 | Universidad De Granada | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXTRACTION OF �? TRITERPENIC AND HYDROXYTIROSOL CIDS FROM OLIVES ADERTION SOLUTIONS. |
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| CN104150575A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | One-stage materialization enhanced coagulation agent and treatment method for printing and dyeing wastewater |
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| CN104140150A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | Primary physicochemical enhanced treatment coagulant for chemical waste water |
| CN104140151A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-12 | 安徽三环水泵有限责任公司 | One-level physical and chemical intensified processing coagulant for electroplate waste water |
| CN104724810A (en) * | 2015-04-04 | 2015-06-24 | 青岛大学 | Environment-friendly flocculant with natural high polymer as major component |
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| ES2324141A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| ES2324141B1 (en) | 2010-05-25 |
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