RU2151105C1 - Method of purifying natural and ground water from iron - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: preparation of water, more particularly purification of natural, surface or ground water form iron. SUBSTANCE: method comprises preliminary aeration of original water and filtration through multifunctional filtering charge composed of filtering materials such as crushed granite stone, peat wood bark, gravel and sand at volumetric ratio of layers disposed in succession of 1:2:3:2:1 and filtering charge of 0.8-1.2 m high.. It is preferable to insert layer of crushed granite stone between layers of peat and wood bark in volume equal to volume of first layers. Method makes it possible to prepare drinking iron-free water which satisfies GOST with respect to bacteriological index and hardness salt content and which has biological activity. EFFECT: more efficient purification method. 3 cl, 1 ex, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of water treatment, and in particular to methods of water purification, and can find application in domestic water supply for the purification of any natural and groundwater from iron with their simultaneous disinfection when receiving drinking water at home and in the field. The method can also be used to purify drinking tap water of low quality, because allows you to remove impurities of toxic organic substances that are formed during chlorination of water at waterworks, as well as various types of microorganisms, including pathogens.

 In the practice of purifying natural waters from iron, mainly methods are used in which they are filtered through various filtering materials arranged in layers or as a mixture.

 Before filtering, as a rule, aeration is first carried out to oxidize ferrous iron.

 Known, for example, is a method of removing iron from well water for household needs, in which, after aeration of the water with an ejector, filtering is carried out, and the filter contains a mixture of various filter materials in a certain ratio.

 The method provides almost complete separation of the precipitated iron compounds, and also purifies water from hydrogen sulfide (US patent N 5096580, CL C 02 F 1/64, 03/17/92).

 However, this method cannot provide a sufficiently large amount of water in the domestic water supply line for a long time, because a mixture of filter materials can be braided with heavily contaminated water and flushing the filter is required.

 In addition, the method does not provide additional disinfection of water.

 A filter for disinfecting water is also known, in which a filter load from crushed granite with a particle size of 3-15 mm is placed along the water flow from top to bottom with decreasing granule size. After aeration, the feed water is fed to a filter, which has an increased dirt capacity due to the decreasing particle size of the filter material (a. From. USSR 1703625, class C 02 F 1 / 64.07.01.92).

 The filter provides a high degree of iron deferrization, however, it does not allow to obtain disinfected water at the same time, nor does it provide additional purification from organochlorine contaminants.

 To increase the degree of purification of groundwater from iron and to increase the filtration rate, a method is used that includes preliminary aeration and filtering of water through 2 layers of filter material, the filter layers being separated by a coagulator for particle enlargement (RF patent 2085512, class C 02 F 1 / 64, 07.27.97).

 However, in this method, the filter load cannot simultaneously neutralize water from pathogenic microorganisms and toxic organic substances.

 Closest to the proposed technical essence is a method of purification of groundwater from iron by aeration followed by filtration through a two-layer loading from clinoptilolite of different fineness with a size difference of 10-40 times (A.S. USSR 1058898, class C 02 F 1/64, 12/07/83).

 The method provides a long filter cycle up to 12-24 hours in a non-reagent method for purifying natural waters with an iron content of up to 35 mg / l.

 This method, as well as the above, does not provide simultaneous purification of water from a number of organic substances, and is also not able to adequately clean the source water from bacteria.

 The objective of the present invention is to provide a reagentless method of iron removal and disinfection of water while cleaning from toxic organic substances and to obtain improved water quality.

 The problem is solved by the proposed method of purification of natural and groundwater from iron, in which, after preliminary aeration, water is filtered through several filter layers loaded from the following materials: granite crushed stone, peat, wood bark, gravel and sand with a volume ratio of layers 1: 2: 3: 2: 1. The total loading height is 0.8-1.2 m.

 The arrangement of the layers in this sequence and subject to the conditions of the ratio of volumes and loading heights ensures a high degree of purification of water from iron and organic substances, gives water improved drinking qualities, water is completely disinfected and may not change its composition for a long time. The resulting water meets the requirements for drinking water according to GOST 2874-82.

 The composition of the filter media must be observed, as the absence of one of the components or a decrease in its amount leads to a decrease in the quality of cleaning. An increase in the volume of any filter layer does not provide an increase in the degree of purification.

 The upper coarse-grained layer of crushed granite, preferably with a particle size of 3 - 15 mm, provides increased dirt capacity and filter performance.

 Peat and crushed tree bark, being organic substances also containing a large number of microelements, not only purify, including hardness ions, the water passing through the crushed granite, but also enrich it with microelements, giving it biological activity and improved organoleptic characteristics.

 The use of ordinary gravel and sand in subsequent layers makes it possible to evenly distribute substances washed out from organic layers in water and activate them.

 The preferred arrangement between the layers of peat and bark of a layer of granite crushed stone carries not only a design purpose for mixing peat particles with wood bark, but also gives the water an additional disinfecting effect.

 The total loading height of 0.8 - 1.2 m provides a good filtering ability and the necessary quality of cleaning to the requirements for drinking water.

 Example.

 After aeration, water from an artesian well with various total iron contents of 24–39 mg / L and total hardness> 10 mg • equiv / L is supplied to a multifunctional filtering load of a filter of a conventional model with a loading height of 1 m. Water is filtered at a speed of 21–25 m / hour . The criterion for the filter to work is the quality of water clarification, purification from iron and hardness ions, the quality of water according to the bacteriological indicator, as well as the duration of filtration. Biological activity can be assessed only by comparing the results of treatment with ordinary, untreated and activated water (soaking seeds, watering plants, etc.).

 The results of water treatment by controlled indicators are shown in the table.

 From the above data it follows that the proposed method has advantages in purifying natural water from iron, as well as bacteriological indicators. This provides an effective method with improved organoleptic characteristics for producing drinking water from open water bodies and in the field.

 In addition, purified water, having passed through multifunctional filtering materials of natural origin, acquires biological activity and can be successfully used at home or in garden areas for watering plants, providing them with a set of trace elements necessary for accelerated growth and full development.

 When standing, the water does not change its transparency, smell and other properties, while the water purified in a known manner acquires an odor, and the walls of the vessel are covered with greenery.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of purification of natural and groundwater from iron, including aeration and subsequent filtration through several layers of the filter charge, characterized in that after aeration, the treated water is sequentially passed through the filter charge of the following materials: granite crushed stone, peat, wood bark, gravel and sand moreover, the volume ratio of successive layers is 1: 2: 3: 2: 1.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the total height of the filter load is 0.8 - 1.2 m  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that between the layers of peat and wood bark an additional layer of granite crushed stone is located in an equal volume to the first layer.

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