ES2933285B2 - Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines in the containment pond itself. - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines in the containment pond itself.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

This descriptive report refers to an application for a Patent of Invention consisting of a purification procedure to be applied in the facilities where the discharges themselves are generated, consisting of a biological treatment based on adding a mixture of bacteria, with which to digest and reduce organic matter and nutrients, through metaniferous pathways, found in untreated discharges, in water or accumulated in river sediments.

The field of application of the present invention is within the techniques for treating alpechín or slurry discharges deposited in a containment pond, making use of a mixture or "pool" of bacteria for this purpose.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

By way of background, in the environment of the agri-food industry linked to the cultivation of olive trees, alpechín is a dark, black liquid that has a very unpleasant odor. Specifically, it is the mixture of the water that is used to wash the olives and the water that the olives themselves have, its composition being approximately 83% water, around 15% organic matter and finally, about 1% minerals.

Among its main features we highlight the following:

• Its PH has a low value that is at number 5.

• It has a high level of sugars.

• Among the minerals we highlight phosphorus, magnesium and nitrogen. Therefore, it is a product with a high contaminant load that must be purified or treated so that it can then be dumped into public waterways or reused.

Likewise, the concept of slurry is known to everyone in the primary sector, referring to any waste of organic origin, such as wastewater and remains of vegetables, crops, seeds, concentrations of dead animals, fishing, food, excrement. solids or liquids, or a mixture of them, with the capacity to ferment or fermented that have an environmental impact.

Furthermore, the dumping of surplus slurry gives rise to serious contamination of the soil, surface and sub-surface waters, causing serious environmental problems in areas of high livestock concentration where waste with a high load of organic pollutants and nitrogen is generated.

In both cases, both in the case of alpechín waste and slurry, the usual treatments are their transport by an authorized manager to a controlled pond where they are dumped. In it, over time, the evaporation of the liquid will occur, remaining the concentrate throughout the useful life of the pond until its closure under the conditions authorized by the competent administration.

Taking into account the inventions present in the state of the art, identified by publication number and title, respectively;

• WO1997047561A1, “Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines” where a purification station is proposed with other installation costs, limitation regarding the discharge flow to be treated, transportation from the pond to the plant, requirement for a homogenization pond, use of chemicals, as well as obtaining a final liquid that is not reusable.

• EP0718397A2 “Procedure for the purification and development of liquid and solid waste produced by oil mill” where a first phase of separation of solid waste using ultrasound and centrifugation is proposed, which is why it totally differs from the proposed invention from which it is possible to reuse the alperujo driving the extracted and accumulated concentrated waste to ponds where they are stored.

• WO2005108309A1 “Biological treatment applicable for bacterial bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems and urban and industrial discharges, for the adequate digestion of organic matter and nutrients” where a methodological procedure is proposed to create an ideal bacterial pool for each liquid to be treated, without addressing specifically the treatment of alpechín and manure.

• “WO2006056620A1 ”Purinox, machine for purification of slurry and industrial processes”, for specific application only for slurry discharges using compact equipment that separates the liquid from the solid and then treats it with ozone.

Based on the background and the problems described, the "Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines in the containment pond itself", based on using the aforementioned containment pond Designed to retain the aforementioned discharges, to carry out the corresponding biological treatment, it provides the following advantages:

✓ Elimination of polluting load and reuse of the resulting water in the farms where they were generated.

✓ Model on a circular economy by providing treated water with properties as fertilizer, both in the case of slurry and alpechines, and even in the case of slurry as water for use in washing and cooling facilities, or irrigation of crops, saving on the consumption of a good as scarce and appreciated as water.

✓ Savings in waste treatment based on the following aspects;

✓ No costs are added to transport the waste to the conventional treatment plant.

• The construction costs of the treatment plant itself are not required for this purpose. • Reduction in the consumption of chemical products with high environmental impact. • Less surface area is required in evaporation ponds.

• Less risk of uncontrolled discharges.

• Less consumption of water and/or fertilizer on farms.

✓ Then it is a completely functional proposal, distributed in generation, natural and sustainable based on completely affordable installation costs and in line with the guidance of the new European regulations on the matter.

✓ Reduction of bad odors and spread of viruses, a fundamental aspect when it comes to farms close to urban settlements.

✓ Additionally, in the case of slurry, microorganisms are incorporated into the solid waste that turn it into an enriched and complete fertilizer.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

By way of explanation of the invention, the "Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines in the containment pond itself" consists of deploying the following phases;

A. Obtaining a mixture of bacteria, consisting of a combination of 80% bacteria called Bacillus with 20% enzymes, in a total volume of bacterial mixture depending on the volume of discharge to be treated up to a proportion that amounts to approximately 0.004 % by volume, adjustable depending on the ambient temperature, and the pollutant load itself.

B. Half of the bacterial mixture obtained in the previous phase is added to the discharge to be treated, promoting its dilution by stirring for a continuous hour followed by an hour of rest until the first 24 hours are complete.

C. After five days, another additional 10% is added and at an interval of another five additional days, the addition is repeated until the remaining four 10% are completed, taking into account that, in each complementary addition, stirring must be maintained for the first 24 hours as described in the previous section.

Finally, it is important to clarify how in relation to the procedure described, in the case of its application on discharges derived from slurry, it is necessary to previously apply a process of filtering and separation of solid substances, the resulting liquid stream being the one that is the object. debugging.

EXAMPLE OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Below are illustrative examples of the invention that are set out for a better understanding of the same and that, in no case, should be considered a limitation of its scope.

To this end, the bacterial mixture that we apply to the ponds is made up of 80% of different bacteria called aerobic, anaerobic and facultative Bacillus, as well as as well as enzymes so that they can solubilize those elements that are impossible to decompose.

To do this, 0.004 liters of the aforementioned mixture of bacteria are applied for each liter of product to be treated, contained in the accumulation or evaporation pond itself arranged on the farms themselves, so that the toxic products they contain evaporate with the time, as its direct discharge into the environment is prohibited due to its high degree of contamination.

Treatment of discharges derived from alpechín

So that the bacteria and enzymes that make up the bacterial mixture are in an optimal environment, given the complexity of both liquids, they are subjected to alternative agitation and aeration, allowing the aerobic bacteria to work while we aerate and the anaerobic bacteria to work when there is an absence of oxygen. By removing the liquid from the ponds we manage to eliminate the accumulated sludge, leaving only liquid for later reuse on the farm itself.

Thus, the solid waste of the alpechín is eliminated, making it possible to apply the fertilizer both foliarly and by irrigation, without damaging the dosing and pumping equipment. For them, heavy materials have been eliminated and phenols that are so harmful to crops have been reduced to levels permitted by the legislation in this regard. Likewise, with the addition of microorganisms, it is easier for the soil to assimilate the macros, micros and trace elements so important for its proper development.

To this end, a 100% natural liquid is obtained once treated that can be reused in the field taking advantage of its properties as ecological fertilizer.

Analytical once the bacterial mixture has acted;

Aluminum 3.12 mg/l PNT.08.34

Ammonium 1.91 mg/l PNT.08.30

Antimony < 10 pg/1 ICP-MS

Arsenic < 10 Mg/l ICP-MS

Sulfur 4.32 mg/l UV-Vis Spec.

Beryllium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Bismuth < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Boron 13.9 mg/l UV-Vis Spec.

Cadmium < 10 Mg/l SOP 08.01

Calcium 49.3 mg/l EAA (PNT.08.01)

Cobalt < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Copper 36.5 mg/l EAA (PNT.08.01)

Chromium < 10 Mg/l PNT.08.01

Strontium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Phenols 2.36 mg/l UV-Vis Spec.

Total dissolved phosphorus 25.6 mg/l PNT.08.73

Dissolved iron 13.6 mg/l EAA (PNT.08.01)

Lithium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Magnesium 42.6 mg/l EAA (PNT.08.01)

Manganese 59.7 μg/l EAA (PNT.08.01)

Organic Matter 3.91% according to the method proposed by Walkley and Black

Molybdenum < 0.01 mg/l ICP-OES

Total nitrogen 1.58% PNT.08.30

Nickel < 10 μg/l ICP-MS

Lead < 10 μg/l ICP-MS

Potassium 8.33 mg/l EEA (PNT.08.01)

Rubidium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Selenium < 10 μg/l ICP-MS

Sodium 64.1 mg/l EEA (PNT.08.01)

Thallium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Titanium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Vanadium < 0.01 mg/l PNT.08.01

Zinc 69.4 mg/l EAA (PNT.08.01

In the case of alpechín, the dosage is not constant over time, given that once it has been transformed into fertilizer, the most convenient thing is to paralyze bacterial activity while maintaining its optimal properties for its use as such.

Specifically, given that the alpechín is generated when the olives are harvested while it would be most convenient to obtain the fertilizer close to its use, the sequence applicable as an example of embodiment would be applied to a treatment pond once full, during with a complete duration of approximately 37 days of treatment depending on the analyzes that are obtained, and throughout which periods of aeration through agitation are interspersed for one hour followed by others at rest of the same duration in an interspersed and continues throughout the treatment, following the following sequence:

1. Prior to incorporating the bacteria mixture, 7 days of aeration in order to homogenize the product from the pond and incorporate oxygen into the mixture.

2. On the 8th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 50% of the bacterial mixture in order to reduce the contaminants in the pond and acquire the ideal conditions for the bacteria mixture to be added to act on successive days. .

3. Let it work for 5 days.

4. On the 13th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 10% of the bacteria mixture.

5. On the 14th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 10% of the bacteria mixture.

6. On the 15th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 10% of the bacteria mixture.

7. On the 16th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 10% of the bacteria mixture.

8. On the 17th day from the beginning of the treatment, we dose 10% of the bacteria mixture.

9. Once 100% of the Bacterial Pool has been applied, we let the bacteria work for about 20 days to obtain the desired product.

Once the treatment is finished, the aeration is stopped so that the bacteria and enzymes stop their activity, making the characteristics of the resulting liquid stable over time, waiting for it to be applied to the field when appropriate., with the idea of that said resulting product maintains its properties over time until its application on the ground as fertilizer

Finally, once all the product retained in the working basin has been extracted, it can be refilled to begin the purification cycle again.

Then, in the specific case of the treatment of alpechín, the investment is minimal since the pond already exists, eliminating the problem of waste generation, the restrictions regarding the necessary evaporation surface and the savings regarding the cost of alternative fertilizer that is estimates, it is reduced by 99%.

Treatment of slurry discharges

In the case of slurry and according to the needs of the farm, equipment can be incorporated that separates the solids from the liquids and presses them, thus extracting a fertilizer with optimized properties, by incorporating a large number of microorganisms into its abundant organic matter. To do this, the existing pond is divided into two, a first where the liquid resulting from the natural activity is stored and on which the corresponding agitation must be carried out, to which a second storage area for the liquid by-product is added. With no remains of organic matter available so that it can be treated and reused in the aeration of the pigpens, washing and cleaning. With this, the water contained in the slurry can be reused by adjusting the contaminant load, eliminating its nitrates, nitrites, and the total nitrogen that harms the earth. as well as its PH, BOD and COD as well as the elimination of viruses and larvae that are so harmful to animals.

Analytical once the organic matter has been extracted according to the LC/LQ METHOD

DBOT, manometric method 13910 mg Oo/l FQ/01125

COD, uv-vis spectrophotometry 20125 mg Oo/l FQ/01025

Nitrates, uv-vis spectrophotometry 5680 mg NOóa/l FQ/023.5.0

Nitrites, uv-vis spectrophotometry 3,000 mg NOoa/l FQ/0310,033

Kjeldahl nitrogen, volumetric titration 6050.0 mg N/l FQ/0325.0

Analytical once the bacterial mixture has acted according to the LC/LQ METHOD

DBOT, manometric method 5015 mg Oo/l FQ/01125

COD, uv-vis spectrophotometry 7148 mg Oo/l FQ/01025

Nitrates, uv-vis spectrophotometry 900.0 mg NOóa/l FQ/023.5.0

Nitrites, uv-vis spectrophotometry 1,250 mg NOoa/l FQ/0310,033

Kjeldahl nitrogen, volumetric titration 291.0 mg N/l FQ/0325.0

In the case of slurry, the treatment practice is carried out constantly and continuously over time throughout the year, given that generation is continuous every day of the year, liquid waste is generated when flushing, which once purged, they can be reused for the next day's activity.

K Regarding the investment, in this case it is required to divide the pond minimally, and mount the solids separator, from which a quick return on investment is obtained based on the following circumstances;

K The capacity of the farm can be expanded, increasing the number of livestock, regardless of the surface area linked to the farm.

K Uncontrolled discharges or management costs associated with delivery to authorized managers are avoided.

K Lower water consumption of special interest in the summer season where there is a limit allocation.

K Economic value of the fertilizer obtained for sale or reuse on the farm itself.

Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that everything that does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle may be subject to variations in detail, understanding that the concentration parameters of contaminants of The starting point of the water to be treated can be very varied, without however going beyond the scope of protection of the inventive concept.

Claims (1)

1. Biological procedure for purifying liquid waste with a high contaminant load and/or high toxicity, especially slurry and alpechines in the containment pond itself based on deploying the following phases; A. Obtaining a bacterial mixture, consisting of a combination of 80% bacteria called Bacillus with 20% enzymes, with a total volume of bacterial mixture depending on the volume of discharge to be treated up to a proportion that represents approximately 0.004% in volume, adjustable depending on the ambient temperature, and the polluting load itself. B. Half of the bacterial mixture obtained in the previous phase is added to the discharge to be treated, promoting its dilution by stirring for a continuous hour followed by an hour of rest until the first 24 hours are complete. C. After five days, another additional 10% is added and at an interval of another five additional days, the addition is repeated until the remaining four 10% are completed, taking into account that, in each complementary addition, stirring must be maintained for the first 24 hours as described in the previous phase where the bacteria mixture is added for the first time.