WO2009083488A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure métallique et microstructure obtenue selon ce procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure métallique et microstructure obtenue selon ce procédé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009083488A1 WO2009083488A1 PCT/EP2008/067969 EP2008067969W WO2009083488A1 WO 2009083488 A1 WO2009083488 A1 WO 2009083488A1 EP 2008067969 W EP2008067969 W EP 2008067969W WO 2009083488 A1 WO2009083488 A1 WO 2009083488A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- layer
- microstructure
- substrate
- resin
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/006—Nanostructures, e.g. using aluminium anodic oxidation templates [AAO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/024—Electroplating of selected surface areas using locally applied electromagnetic radiation, e.g. lasers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/005—Jewels; Clockworks; Coins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/10—Bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal microstructure by a LIGA type technology.
- the invention relates to such a method for producing such a microstructure having a core made of a first metal at least partially coated with a particularly functional layer, a second metal and the geometric dimensions of which are defined accurately. directly by the process.
- the invention also relates to such a metal part obtained by this method.
- the LIGA technique consists of depositing on a conductive substrate or coated with a conductive layer, a layer of a photosensitive resin, to be carried out through a mask corresponding to the contour of the desired microstructure X irradiation by means of a synchrotron; to develop, that is to say to remove by physical or chemical means the portions of the non-irradiated photoresist layer to define a mold having the contour of the microstructure, to galvanically deposit a metal typically nickel in the mold in photosensitive resin then to eliminate the mold to release the microstructure.
- the quality of the microstructures obtained does not lend itself to criticism, but the need to implement expensive equipment (synchrotron) makes this technique little compatible with a mass production of microstructures to have a low unit cost.
- microstructures obtained according to the processes of the prior art are metal microstructures made of a single metal, generally nickel, nickel-phosphorus copper, which is not always optimal depending on the application for which they are intended. Indeed, there are in particular applications for which one or the other of these materials does not have optimum properties from the mechanical point of view than tribological.
- a toothed wheel must be rigid enough to withstand breaking under strong stress but must also have teeth with a low coefficient of friction to facilitate meshing.
- the choice of nickel is therefore very interesting from the point of view of its mechanical strength, on the other hand nickel has tribological properties less interesting since it has a relatively high coefficient of friction.
- the present invention also aims to provide such a method that is simple and inexpensive to implement. - AT -
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a metal microstructure characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) providing a substrate, at least one of the faces is conductive; b) applying on the conductive surface of the substrate a layer of photoresist; c) irradiating the resin layer through a mask defining the contour of the desired microstructure; d) dissolving the non-irradiated areas of the photoresist layer to expose the conductive surface of the substrate; e) galvanically and uniformly depositing a layer of a first metal from said conductive layer of the substrate and a conductive surface of the photoresist layer; f) galvanically and uniformly depositing a layer of a second metal from said layer of the first metal to form a block substantially reaching the level of the upper surface of the photoresist layer; g) flattening the resin and the deposited metal to bring the resin and electrodeposited block to the same level; h) delaminating the resin layer and electrodeposited block from the substrate;
- This method therefore makes it possible to produce finished parts having a core made of a first metal coated with a layer of a second metal and whose desired geometric size precision is defined by the dimensions of the photosensitive resin mold in which the galvanic deposits of the two metals take place, ie in other words by the precision of the photolithography technique used.
- a judicious choice of the two metals forming the microstructure makes it possible to better adapt the mechanical properties of the part to a given application.
- the first metal may be deposited in the form of a thin layer, typically a nickel-phosphorus layer of a few tens of microns in order to promote a lowering of the friction coefficient of the part and the second metal may be deposited in the form of a block typically nickel, the latter giving the piece the mechanical strength to the piece.
- the first and second metals have different mechanical properties in order to form a microstructure whose mechanical properties are optimized.
- the first metal has a lower coefficient of friction than the second metal, and the second metal has a higher mechanical strength than the first metal.
- the first metal is for example a nickel-phosphorus alloy and the second metal is, for example, nickel.
- said conductive surface of the substrate is formed of a stack of layers of chromium and gold and said conductive surface of the photoresist layer is formed by activation of said resin.
- the method further comprises, before step h) a step of depositing a conducting conductive layer and a repetition of steps b) to g) with a second mask defining a second contour for a second level of the microstructure, for example for producing a gear having two teeth of different diameters.
- the method of the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for the manufacture of micromechanical parts of watch movements.
- the parts may be selected from the group consisting of gear wheels, escape wheels, anchors, pivoted parts, jumper springs, spirals, cams, and passive parts.
- FIGS. 1 to 8 illustrate the method steps of an embodiment of the invention with a view to producing a toothed wheel.
- the substrate 1 used in step a) of the process according to the invention is, for example, formed by a wafer of silicon, glass or ceramic to which a conductive layer has been deposited by evaporation. that is to say a layer able to start an electroforming reaction.
- the conducting conductive layer is formed of a sub-layer of chromium 2 and a gold layer 3 (FIG. 1).
- the substrate 1 may consist of stainless steel or another metal capable of starting the electroforming reaction. In the case of a stainless steel substrate, the latter will be degreased before use.
- the photosensitive resin 4 used in step b) of the process according to the invention is preferably an octofunctional epoxy-based resin available from Shell Chemical under the reference SU-8 and a photoinitiator chosen from triarylsulfonium such as those described in US Patent 4,058,401. This resin is likely to be photo-polymerized under the action of UV radiation. It will be appreciated that a solvent which has been found suitable for this resin is gammabutyrolactone (GBL).
- GBL gammabutyrolactone
- a novolac-type phenolformaldehyde-based resin in the presence of a DNQ (DiazoNaphthoquinone) photoinitiator may also be used.
- the resin 4 is deposited on the substrate 1 by any suitable means, typically by spinning, to the desired thickness. Typically, the resin thickness is between 150 m ⁇ and 1 mm. Depending on the desired thickness and the deposition technique used the resin 4 will be deposited in one or more times.
- the resin 4 is then heated between 90 and 95 ° C for a time dependent on the deposited thickness to remove the solvent.
- step c) illustrated in FIG. 3 consists in irradiating the resin layer 4 by means of UV radiation through a mask defining the contour of the desired microstructure M and thus insolated zones 4a and non-insolated zones 4b. .
- this UV irradiation is from 200 to 100 mJ.cm- 2 , measured at a wavelength of 365 nm depending on the thickness of the layer, and if necessary a layer annealing step may be necessary to complete the process.
- UV-induced photopolymerization This annealing step is preferably carried out between 90 ° C. and 95 ° C. for 15 to 30 minutes, while the insolated zones 4a (photopolymerized) become insensitive to a large majority of solvents.
- step d) illustrated in FIG. 4 consists in developing the non-insolated zones 4b of the photosensitive resin layer in order to reveal, in places, the conductive layer 3 of the substrate 1 This operation is carried out by dissolving the non-insolated zones 4b using a solvent chosen from GBL (gammabutyrolactone) and PGMEA (propylene glycol methyl ethyl acetate). insolated photosensitive resin 4a having the contours of a metal structure is thus realized.
- GBL gammabutyrolactone
- PGMEA propylene glycol methyl ethyl acetate
- the following step e) illustrated in FIG. 5 consists in depositing galvanically and uniformly on the mold a layer 5 of a first metal from said conductive layer 3, ensuring that the first layer extends only over a portion of the mold depth and also extends along the vertical walls of the mold.
- the resin layer 4 forming the mold has been activated in order to make it conductive or has been coated with a conductive primer layer.
- the thickness of the layer 5 of this first metal corresponds to the thickness of the lining of the microstructure that it is desired to obtain, typically the thickness of this layer may be between a few microns and a few tens of microns.
- step f) illustrated in FIG. 6 consists of depositing a layer 6 of a second metal, which is different from the first metal, in the mold coated with the layer 5 until it forms a block substantially reaching the upper surface of the photosensitive resin. 4a, the block being formed of the layer 5 of the first metal and the layer 6 of the second metal.
- metal in this context are of course included metal alloys.
- the first and second metals will be selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, gold or silver, and, as an alloy, gold-copper, nickel-cobalt, nickel-iron, and nickel-phosphorus.
- the thickness of the layer 6 of the second metal may vary depending on the use of the desired microstructure M. Typically, the thickness of the layer 6 of the second metal may vary between 100 microns to 1 mm. In a particular application such as a cam or a pinion, it will be possible, for example, to make a microstructure comprising a layer 5 having good tribological qualities typically made of nickel-phosphorus, and a layer 6 of a second mechanically resistant metal, typically nickel.
- the electroforming conditions in particular the composition of the baths, the geometry of the system, the voltages and current densities, are chosen for each metal or alloy to be electrodeposited according to the techniques well known in the art of electroforming (cf. example Di Bah GA "electroforming" Electroplating Engineering Handbook 4th Edition redacted by LJ. Durney, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., NY USA 1984).
- This step can be done by abrasion and polishing in order to directly obtain microstructures having a flat upper surface having in particular a surface state compatible with the requirements of the watch industry for the production of high-end movement.
- step h illustrated in FIG. 8, consists in delamination separating the resin layer and the electrodeposited block from the substrate.
- the photosensitive resin layer is removed from the delaminated structure in order to release the microstructure M thus formed.
- the photopolymerized resin is dissolved in a step i) by N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or this resin is removed by plasma etching.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the microstructure M thus released can either be used directly or, if appropriate, after appropriate machining.
- the microstructure M illustrated in FIG. 8, comprises a core formed from the layer 6 of the second metal and a very precise liner formed from the layer 5 of the first metal.
- the microstructure M illustrated in FIG. 8, it is possible to obtain a microstructure whose outer, inner and lower walls are coated with the layer 5 of the first metal.
- these walls can advantageously serve as a contact surface in the applications mentioned above such as a cam or a pinion.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08867895A EP2229470B1 (fr) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure métallique et microstructure obtenue selon ce procédé |
US12/811,356 US8557506B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | Method of fabricating a metallic microstructure and microstructure obtained via the method |
JP2010540105A JP5559699B2 (ja) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | 金属微細構造体を製作する方法およびこの方法により得られる微細構造体 |
AT08867895T ATE533873T1 (de) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | Verfahren zur gewinnung einer metallmikrostruktur und anhand dieses verfahrens gewonnene mikrostruktur |
CN2008801236457A CN101918617B (zh) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | 制造金属微结构的方法和通过该方法获得的微结构 |
RU2010132147/02A RU2481422C2 (ru) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | Способ изготовления биметаллической микроструктуры |
HK11105663.2A HK1151562A1 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2011-06-07 | Method for obtaining a metal microstructure and microstructure obtained according to said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH02036/07 | 2007-12-31 | ||
CH02036/07A CH704572B1 (fr) | 2007-12-31 | 2007-12-31 | Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure métallique et microstructure obtenue selon ce procédé. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009083488A1 true WO2009083488A1 (fr) | 2009-07-09 |
Family
ID=40590002
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/067969 WO2009083488A1 (fr) | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | Procédé de fabrication d'une microstructure métallique et microstructure obtenue selon ce procédé |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8557506B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2229470B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5559699B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20100098425A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101918617B (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE533873T1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH704572B1 (fr) |
HK (1) | HK1151562A1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2481422C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009083488A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2405301A1 (fr) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-11 | Mimotec S.A. | Méthode de fabrication de pièces métalliques multi niveaux par un procédé du type LIGA et pièces obtenues par la méthode |
CN102478765A (zh) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | 一种制备微结构的方法 |
US10301732B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2019-05-28 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method for fabrication of a timepiece provided with a multi-level exterior element |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5854875B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-21 | 2016-02-09 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 電鋳部品 |
JP6211754B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-10-11 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 機械部品の製造方法、及び機械部品 |
JP5294288B1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社Leap | 樹脂基板を用い、電気鋳造によりコイル素子を製造する方法 |
KR20150079934A (ko) * | 2012-10-30 | 2015-07-08 | 가부시키가이샤 리프 | 코일 소자의 제조 방법 |
EP3171229A1 (fr) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-05-24 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Composant d' horlogerie |
HK1220859A2 (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-05-12 | Master Dynamic Ltd | 製作工藝 |
CN106000489A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | 一种微通孔列阵生物芯片的热刺穿制作方法 |
JP6703674B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2020-06-03 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Mems装置の製造方法 |
JP7102778B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2022-07-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 時計用ムーブメントおよび時計 |
EP3536826B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-09 | 2021-04-28 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Procede de fabrication d'un decor metallique sur un cadran et cadran obtenu selon ce procede |
EP3575447A1 (fr) * | 2018-05-28 | 2019-12-04 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Procede de fabrication d'un decor metallique sur un cadran et cadran obtenu selon ce procede |
EP3670440A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-24 | Rolex Sa | Procédé de fabrication d'un composant horloger |
EP3670441A1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-24 | Rolex Sa | Procédé de fabrication d'un composant horloger |
EP3839626B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-10-11 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Procede de fabrication d'un composant horloger |
EP3839624B1 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-09-13 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Procede de fabrication d'un composant horloger |
EP3839625A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-23 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Procede de fabrication d'un composant horloger et composant obtenu selon ce procede |
CN113060701A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-02 | 苏州华易航动力科技有限公司 | 一种蒸发冷却微结构的制备方法 |
Citations (5)
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US4058401A (en) | 1974-05-02 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Photocurable compositions containing group via aromatic onium salts |
EP0567332A2 (fr) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-10-27 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Formation de microstructures par lithographie profonde aux rayons X à plusieurs niveaux avec des couches métallique sacrificielles |
WO2003095712A2 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | University Of Southern California | Procede de fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles solidaires de circuits a semi-conducteurs |
EP1596259A1 (fr) * | 2004-05-10 | 2005-11-16 | Precision Engineering AG | Procédé de fabrication des corps minces, en particulier des parties de montre |
EP1835339A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-19 | Doniar S.A. | Procédé de fabrication par technologie de type liga d'une structure métallique monocouche ou multicouche, et structure obtenue |
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JPS57171682A (en) * | 1981-04-14 | 1982-10-22 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Manufacture of display plate for timepiece |
RU2050423C1 (ru) * | 1989-05-23 | 1995-12-20 | Геннадий Ильич Шпаков | Гальванопластический способ изготовления деталей, преимущественно матриц пресс-форм |
DE19607288A1 (de) * | 1995-03-29 | 1996-10-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lochscheibe |
US6136513A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2000-10-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method of uniformly depositing seed and a conductor and the resultant printed circuit structure |
SE523309E (sv) * | 2001-06-15 | 2010-03-02 | Replisaurus Technologies Ab | Metod, elektrod och apparat för att skapa mikro- och nanostrukturer i ledande material genom mönstring med masterelektrod och elektrolyt |
EP1835050A1 (fr) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-19 | Doniar S.A. | Procédé de fabrication par LIGA-UV d'une structure métallique multicouche à couches adjacentes non entièrement superposées, et structure obtenue |
-
2007
- 2007-12-31 CH CH02036/07A patent/CH704572B1/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-12-19 JP JP2010540105A patent/JP5559699B2/ja active Active
- 2008-12-19 AT AT08867895T patent/ATE533873T1/de active
- 2008-12-19 US US12/811,356 patent/US8557506B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-19 EP EP08867895A patent/EP2229470B1/fr active Active
- 2008-12-19 KR KR1020107014388A patent/KR20100098425A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-19 CN CN2008801236457A patent/CN101918617B/zh active Active
- 2008-12-19 WO PCT/EP2008/067969 patent/WO2009083488A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-12-19 RU RU2010132147/02A patent/RU2481422C2/ru active
-
2011
- 2011-06-07 HK HK11105663.2A patent/HK1151562A1/xx unknown
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US4058401A (en) | 1974-05-02 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Photocurable compositions containing group via aromatic onium salts |
EP0567332A2 (fr) * | 1992-04-24 | 1993-10-27 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Formation de microstructures par lithographie profonde aux rayons X à plusieurs niveaux avec des couches métallique sacrificielles |
WO2003095712A2 (fr) * | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | University Of Southern California | Procede de fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles solidaires de circuits a semi-conducteurs |
EP1596259A1 (fr) * | 2004-05-10 | 2005-11-16 | Precision Engineering AG | Procédé de fabrication des corps minces, en particulier des parties de montre |
EP1835339A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-19 | Doniar S.A. | Procédé de fabrication par technologie de type liga d'une structure métallique monocouche ou multicouche, et structure obtenue |
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Title |
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A.B. FRAZIER ET AL.: "Metallic Microstructures Fabricated Using Photosensitive Polyimide Electroplating Molds", JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, vol. 2, no. 2, June 1993 (1993-06-01) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2405301A1 (fr) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-11 | Mimotec S.A. | Méthode de fabrication de pièces métalliques multi niveaux par un procédé du type LIGA et pièces obtenues par la méthode |
EP2405300A1 (fr) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-11 | Mimotec S.A. | Méthode de fabrication de pièces métalliques multi niveaux par un procédé du type LIGA et pièces obtenues par la méthode |
CN102478765A (zh) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | 一种制备微结构的方法 |
US10301732B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2019-05-28 | The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd | Method for fabrication of a timepiece provided with a multi-level exterior element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2011521098A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
EP2229470A1 (fr) | 2010-09-22 |
RU2481422C2 (ru) | 2013-05-10 |
ATE533873T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
US20110020754A1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
KR20100098425A (ko) | 2010-09-06 |
EP2229470B1 (fr) | 2011-11-16 |
US8557506B2 (en) | 2013-10-15 |
RU2010132147A (ru) | 2012-02-10 |
HK1151562A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 |
CH704572B1 (fr) | 2012-09-14 |
CN101918617A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
JP5559699B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
CN101918617B (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
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