WO2009070961A1 - Procédé pour éviter le courant horizontal dans le patin d'aluminium d'une cuve électrolytique en aluminium - Google Patents

Procédé pour éviter le courant horizontal dans le patin d'aluminium d'une cuve électrolytique en aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009070961A1
WO2009070961A1 PCT/CN2008/001806 CN2008001806W WO2009070961A1 WO 2009070961 A1 WO2009070961 A1 WO 2009070961A1 CN 2008001806 W CN2008001806 W CN 2008001806W WO 2009070961 A1 WO2009070961 A1 WO 2009070961A1
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conductor
aluminum
electrolytic cell
carbon block
cathode
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PCT/CN2008/001806
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiaodong Yang
Dongfang Zhou
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China Aluminium International Engineering Corporation Limited
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Publication of WO2009070961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009070961A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the production of primary aluminum by Hall-Erre electrolysis and an apparatus for carrying out the same - an aluminum electrolysis cell.
  • it relates to a method for eliminating horizontal current in an aluminum bath of an aluminum electrolytic cell.
  • Metallic aluminum is industrially produced by molten salt electrolysis, that is, electrolytically dissolved in molten; cryolite is the main component of the alumina in the electrolyte, the main method currently used is Hall-Heroult electrolysis law.
  • the direct equipment for producing electrolytic aluminum is an electrolytic cell.
  • the electrolytic cell is mainly composed of two parts, one part is an anode, which is made of carbon material as a block; the other part is a cathode, which is made of carbon block and lining material.
  • the existing cathode structure is to install a cathode steel rod at the bottom of the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel rod and the carbon block are connected by a paste or a ferrophosphorus, and each cathode carbon block is provided with one or two cathode steel rods.
  • the cathode steel rod and the cathode carbon block are placed in the same horizontal direction, and one end of the steel rod protrudes from the side wall of the electrolytic tank and is connected to the cathode bus bar.
  • the cathode conductive structure has a very large disadvantage: Since the cathode steel bar and the cathode carbon block are placed in the same horizontal direction, a very large horizontal current is generated in the aluminum liquid, and the horizontal current and the vertical magnetic field in the aluminum liquid The action produces very harmful electromagnetic forces, causing severe instability in the production of the cell and reducing current efficiency. At the same time, the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid can also cause the current density distribution on the surface of the cathode carbon block to be uneven, so that the current density at the end of the cathode carbon block is the largest, thereby significantly accelerating the corrosion of the graphitized cathode carbon block and reducing the life of the electrolytic cell. .
  • the problem of cathode current density distribution and the presence of horizontal current limit the development of modern large-scale electrolytic cells to a wide direction, resulting in a serious imbalance in aspect ratio.
  • the width of the electrolytic cell increases, the horizontal current generated by the existing cathode conductive structure is larger, the current density distribution on the surface of the cathode carbon block is more uneven, and the stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell production is more stable. Deterioration, current efficiency is difficult to achieve the desired requirements, which restricts the development of large-capacity aluminum electrolysis cells, which restricts the improvement of aluminum industry production technology.
  • the present invention is to solve the above technical problem and provide a method for eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, aiming at eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid and making the cathode current density
  • the distribution is more uniform, the stability of the production of the aluminum electrolytic cell is improved, the life of the cathode is prolonged, and the operation of the electrolytic cell and the current efficiency are improved.
  • the present invention is achieved as follows: A method for eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein an electric conductor is disposed at a lower portion or below the cathode carbon block, and the electric conductor directly passes through the bottom of the groove.
  • a barrier material is disposed under the cathode carbon block, and the conductor passes through the barrier material from the bottom of the groove.
  • An anti-seepage material is disposed under the cathode carbon block, one end of the electric conductor is embedded in the cathode carbon block, and the other end of the electric conductor is disposed in the anti-seepage material, and two or more connected electric conductors pass through the confluence
  • the electrical conductors are collected in a lead-out electrical conductor, and the electrical conductor is led out directly from the bottom of the trough.
  • One or more cathode steel rods are fixed in the cathode carbon block, and then the electric conductor is connected to the cathode steel rod, and the electric conductor directly passes through the bottom of the groove.
  • One or more cathode steel rods are fixed in the cathode carbon block, and then the electric conductor is connected with the cathode steel rod, and an anti-seepage material is disposed under the cathode carbon block and the cathode steel rod, and the electric conductor passes through the anti-seepage material. Pass out from the bottom of the groove.
  • the lower surface of the cathode steel bar is on the same level as the lower surface of the cathode carbon block, and may not be on the same horizontal surface.
  • the cathode steel rod is disposed in a horizontal direction.
  • the electrical conductor is disposed perpendicular to the cathode carbon block or the cathode steel rod, and one end of the electric conductor is embedded in the cathode carbon block through the phosphorus pig iron or the paste.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 is 1-50. '
  • the lower part of the cathode carbon block is provided with a connecting conductor, one end of the connecting electric conductor is embedded in the cathode carbon block, and the other end of the connecting electric conductor extends out of the cathode carbon block or two or more passes through the confluent electric conductor and leads to conduct electricity.
  • the body is connected, and the lower end of the lead-out conductor is passed out from the bottom of the groove.
  • a barrier material is disposed under the cathode carbon block, and the connection conductor and the bus conductor are disposed in the barrier material.
  • the confluent conductor is connected to a connecting conductor in the same cathode carbon block.
  • the confluent electrical conductors are connected to connecting electrical conductors in adjacent cathode carbon blocks.
  • the busbar electrical conductor is connected to 2-10 connecting conductors.
  • the lead-out electrical conductor is located directly below the cathode carbon block.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the connecting conductor, the lead conductor, and the bus conductor is square, triangular, circular or elliptical.
  • the connecting conductor is disposed perpendicular to the cathode carbon block, and one end of the connecting conductor is embedded in the cathode carbon block by phosphorus pig iron or paste.
  • the lead conductors are located between the cathode carbon blocks.
  • the electrical conductor is made of a steel bar, a steel plate, a copper rod, a copper plate, an alloy plate, an alloy rod or any other electrically conductive material.
  • connection conductors are disposed at the lower and lower portions of each cathode carbon block.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the conductor is square, triangular, circular or elliptical.
  • the invention can eliminate the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell, make the current density distribution on the surface of the cathode carbon block more uniform, improve the current efficiency, greatly improve the stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and prolong the life of the groove.
  • the invention has strong practicability. This method can fundamentally solve the problem of horizontal current in aluminum liquid, which is of great guiding significance for the development of large aluminum electrolysis cells in the future.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of the junction of the two connecting conductors of Figures 3 and 6.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of the junction of the four connecting conductors of Figures 3 and 6.
  • Fig. 9 is a view showing the connection structure of a cathode carbon block and an electric conductor according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • cathode carbon block 1, phosphorus pig iron or paste; 3, connecting electrical conductor; 4, confluence conductor; 5, lead conductor; 6, anti-seepage material; 7, cathode steel rod.
  • the method for eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell is as follows: 1 to 100 connecting conductors 3 are disposed in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and the connecting conductor 3 is any conductive such as a steel bar or a steel plate.
  • the material, one end of the connection conductor 3 is embedded in the cathode carbon block 1 by phosphorous pig iron or paste 2, and the connection conductor 3 and the cathode carbon block 1 can be vertically disposed.
  • the other end of the connecting conductor 3 is directly passed out from the bottom of the groove, so that the current is substantially perpendicularly passed through the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block 1, thus eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • the method for eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell is as follows: 1 to 100 connecting conductors 3 are disposed in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and the connecting electrical conductors 3 are any conductive materials such as steel bars or steel plates.
  • the material, one end of the connection conductor 3 is embedded in the cathode carbon block 1 by phosphorous pig iron or paste 2, and the connection conductor 3 and the cathode carbon block 1 can be vertically disposed.
  • the other end of the connecting conductor 3 is directly passed out from the bottom of the groove so that the current flows substantially vertically through the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block 1, thus eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • an anti-seepage material 6 is disposed under the cathode carbon block 1, and the anti-seepage material 6 may use a non-seepage casting material, which will be connected to the end of the cathode carbon block 1 to conduct electricity.
  • the body 3 is wrapped to extend the life of the connecting conductor 3.
  • the lower end of the connecting conductor 3 protrudes from the barrier material 6 and passes out from the bottom of the groove.
  • the method for eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid of the aluminum electrolytic cell is as follows: 2 to 100 connecting conductors 3 are disposed at the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and the electrical conductor 3 and the cathode are connected.
  • the carbon block 1 may be vertically disposed, and a barrier material 6 is disposed under the cathode carbon block 1, and one end of the connection conductor 3 is embedded in the cathode carbon block 1 through the phosphorus pig iron or the paste 2; the other end of the connection conductor 3 is disposed at In the barrier material 6, two or more connecting conductors 3 disposed at the end of the barrier material 6 are connected to the lead conductor 5 through the bus conductor 4, and the lower end of the conductor 5 is extended to the barrier material 6 and Pass out from the bottom of the groove.
  • the lead-out conductor 5 is located directly below the cathode carbon block 1.
  • the connecting conductor 3 and the bus bar conductor 4 are all wrapped in the barrier material 6, avoiding corrosion of the electrolyte or the aluminum liquid.
  • the connection conductor 3, the bus bar conductor 4, and the lead conductor 5 are arbitrary conductive materials such as steel bars or steel plates.
  • the confluent conductor is connected to the 2-10 connection conductor.
  • Example 4 Example 4:
  • the connecting conductor 3, the bus-conducting conductor 4, and the lead-out conductor 5 described in Embodiments 1-3 can be formed into any shape as required, such as a square, a triangle, a circle, or an ellipse.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the embodiment 1-3.
  • one or more cathode steel rods 7 are fixed in the cathode carbon block 1 with phosphorus pig iron or paste 2, and then the connection conductor 3 is connected to the cathode steel rod 7, and the conductor 3 is connected directly from the groove.
  • the bottom is vented so that the current passes through the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block 1 substantially vertically, thus eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • the other structure is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 is generally 1-50.
  • the lower surface of the above-mentioned cathode steel rod 7 may be on the same horizontal plane as the lower surface of the cathode carbon block 1, and may not be on the same horizontal plane.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 can be disposed in the horizontal direction.
  • one or more cathode steel rods 7 are fixed in the cathode carbon block 1 with phosphorus pig iron or paste 2, and then the connection conductor 3 is connected to the cathode steel rod 7, and the conductor 3 is connected directly from the groove.
  • the bottom is vented so that the current passes through the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block 1 substantially vertically, thus eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • the other structure is the same as in Embodiment 2.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 is generally 1-50.
  • the lower surface of the above-mentioned cathode steel rod 7 may be on the same horizontal plane as the lower surface of the cathode carbon block 1, and may not be on the same horizontal plane.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 can be disposed in the horizontal direction.
  • one or more cathode steel rods 7 are fixed in the cathode carbon block 1 with phosphorus pig iron or a tie 2, and then the connection conductor 3 is connected to the cathode steel rod 7, and the connection is made conductive.
  • the body 3 is directly vented from the bottom of the groove, so that the current passes through the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block 1 substantially vertically, thus eliminating the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid.
  • the other structure is the same as in the third embodiment.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 is generally 1-50.
  • the lower surface of the above-mentioned cathode steel rod 7 may be on the same horizontal plane as the lower surface of the cathode carbon block 1, and may not be on the same horizontal plane.
  • the cathode steel rod 7 can be disposed in the horizontal direction.
  • the connecting conductor 3, the bus-conducting conductor 4, and the lead-out conductor 5 described in Embodiments 5-7 can be formed into any shape as needed, such as a square, a triangle, a circle, or an ellipse.
  • the other structure is the same as in the embodiment 1-3.
  • connecting conductors 3 are disposed in the lower portion of the cathode carbon block 1, and the connecting conductor 3 is an arbitrary conductive material such as a steel bar or a steel plate, and one end of the connecting conductor 3 is passed through a phosphorus pig iron or a paste 2 Inlaid in the cathode carbon block 1, the other end of the connecting conductor 3 protrudes from the cathode carbon block 1 or two or more of them are connected to the lead conductor 5 through the bus conductor 4, and the lower end of the conductor 5 is taken out from the bottom of the slot. Out. Also, in order to prevent electrolyte or aluminum liquid from leaking and prolonging the life of the conductor, the connecting conductor 3 and the bus conductor 4 may be wrapped in the barrier material 6 to protect the conductor from corrosion.
  • the above-mentioned bus-conducting conductor 4 can be connected to the connecting conductor 3 in the same cathode carbon block 1.
  • the bus bar conductor 4 can also be connected to the connecting conductor 3 in the adjacent cathode carbon block 1.
  • the above-mentioned lead-out conductor 5 is located between the cathode carbon blocks 1.
  • the connecting conductor 3, the bus-conducting conductor 4, and the lead-out conductor 5 in the embodiment 1-9 are made of a steel rod, a steel plate, a copper rod, a copper plate, an alloy plate, an alloy rod or any other electrically conductive material. Others are the same as in Examples 1-9.

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Description

一种消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及霍尔-埃鲁电解法生产原铝技术及实施该技术的设备- 铝电解槽。 具体地说是涉及一种消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法。
背景技术
金属铝在工业上采用熔盐电解法进行生产， 即电解溶解在熔融的 ；氷晶石为主要成分的电解质中的氧化铝， 目前主要采用的方法为霍尔- 埃鲁 （ Hall-Heroult ) 电解法。
生产电解铝的直接设备为电解槽， 电解槽主要由两大部分组成， 一部分为阳极， 由碳素材料制成为块状； 另一部分为阴极， 由炭块与 内衬材料砌筑而成。
现有的阴极结构是在阴极炭块的底部安装阴极钢棒， 阴极钢棒与 炭块之间采用扎糊或浇磷铁的方式连接， 每个阴极炭块装有一根或两 根阴极钢棒， 阴极钢棒与阴极炭块同向水平放置， 钢棒的一端伸出电 解槽的侧壁与阴极母线相连接。 这种结构的电解槽， 阴极导电结构存 在一个非常大的缺点： 由于阴极钢棒与阴极炭块同向水平放置， 导致 铝液中产生非常大的水平电流， 该水平电流与铝液中垂直磁场作用产 生非常有害的电磁力， 使电解槽在生产中产生严重的不稳定性， 降低 电流效率。 同时铝液中水平电流还可导致阴极炭块表面上电流密度分 布不均匀， 使得阴极炭块的端部处电流密度最大， 从而显著加快此处 石墨化阴极炭块的腐蚀， 降低电解槽的寿命。 阴极电流密度分布问题 和水平电流的存在， 限定了现代大型电解槽的设计向宽的方向发展， 导致长宽比严重失调。
随着电解槽容量的增大， 电解槽宽度的增加， 现有的阴极导电结 构产生的水平电流就更大， 阴极炭块表面上电流密度分布就更不均匀， 铝电解槽生产的稳定性更加恶化， 电流效率很难达到理想的要求， 这 就制约了大容量铝电解槽的开发， 制约了铝工业生产技术的提高。
发明内容
本发明就是为了解决上述技术问题而提供一种消除铝电解槽铝液 中水平电流的方法， 目的是消除铝液中的水平电流， 使阴极电流密度 分布更加均匀， 提高了铝电解槽生产的稳定性， 延长了阴极寿命， 有 利于电解槽操作和电流效率的提高。
为了解决上述技术问题， 本发明是这样实现的： 一种消除铝电解 槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 在阴极炭块的下部或下面设置有导电体， 导电体直接从槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 导电体穿过防渗材料从 槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 导电体的一端镶嵌在阴 极炭块内， 导电体的另一端设置在防渗材料内， 每两根或两根以上的 连接导电体通过汇流导电体汇集到一根引出导电体， 引出导电体直接 从槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后导电体 与阴极钢棒连接， 导电体直接从槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后导电体 与阴极钢棒连接， 在阴极炭块和阴极钢棒的下面设置防渗材料， 导电 体穿过防渗材料从槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后导电体 与阴极钢棒连接， 在阴极炭块和阴极钢棒的下面设置防渗材料， 导电 体的另一端镶嵌在阴极炭块内， 导电体的一端设置在防渗材料内， 每 两根或两根以上的连接导电体通过汇流导电体汇集到一根引出导电 体， 引出导电体直接从槽底穿出。
所述的阴极钢棒的下表面与阴极炭块的下表面在同一水平面上， 也可以不在同一水平面上。
所述的阴极钢棒水平方向设置。
所述的导电体与阴极炭块或阴极钢棒垂直设置， 导电体的一端通 过磷生铁或扎糊镶嵌在阴极炭块内。
所述的阴极钢棒 7为 1-50根。 '
所述的阴极炭块的下部设置连接导电体， 连接导电体的一端镶嵌 在阴极炭块内， 连接导电体的另一端伸出阴极炭块外两根或两根以上 通过汇流导电体与引出导电体连接， 引出导电体的下端从槽底穿出。
在所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 连接导电体和汇流导电 体设置在防渗材料内。 所述的汇流导电体与同一块阴极炭块内的连接导电体连接。
所述的汇流导电体与相邻阴极炭块内的连接导电体连接。
所述的汇流导电体与 2-10根连接导电体连接。
所述的引出导电体位于阴极炭块的正下方。
所述的连接导电体、 引出导电体和汇流导电体的截面形状为方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭圆形等。
所述的连接导电体与阴极炭块垂直设置， 连接导电体的一端通过 磷生铁或扎糊镶嵌在阴极炭块内。
所述的引出导电体位于阴极炭块之间。
所述的导电体为钢棒、 钢板、 铜棒、 铜板、 合金板、 合金棒或其 它任意导电材料制成。
每个阴极炭块的下部和下面设置 1-100个连接导电体。
所述的导电体的截面形状为方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭圓形等。
本发明的优点和效果如下：
它能消除了铝电解槽铝液中的水平电流， 使阴极炭块表面上电流 密度分布更均匀， 提高电流效率， 大幅提高铝电解槽的稳定性， 延长 槽寿命。 本发明具有很强的实用性。 通过本方法可以从根本上解决铝 液中水平电流的问题， 对未来大型铝电解槽的开发具有十分重要的指 导意义。
附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例 1 阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 2是本发明实施例 2阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 3是本发明实施例 3阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 4是本发明实施例 5阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 5是本发明实施例 6阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 6是本发明实施例 7阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图 7是图 3和图 6的两根连接导电体汇流的 A-A向剖视图。
图 8是图 3和图 6的四根连接导电体汇流的 A-A向剖视图。
图 9是本发明实施例 9阴极炭块与导电体的连接结构示意图。
图中， 1、 阴极炭块； 2、 磷生铁或扎糊； 3、 连接导电体； 4、 汇 流导电体； 5、 引出导电体； 6、 防渗材料； 7、 阴极钢棒。
具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明， 但本发明的保护范围不受 实施例所限。
实施例 1 :
如图 1 所示， 本发明消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法如下： 在阴极炭块 1的下部设置 1~100个连接导电体 3，连接导电体 3为钢棒 或钢板等任意导电材料， 连接导电体 3 的一端通过磷生铁或扎糊 2镶 嵌在阴极炭块 1 内， 连接导电体 3与阴极炭块 1可以垂直设置。 连接 导电体 3 的另一端直接从槽底穿出， 使电流基本上垂直穿过铝液和阴 极炭块 1， 这样就消除了铝液中的水平电流。
实施例 2:
如图 2 所示， 本发明消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法如下： 在阴极炭块 1的下部设置 1〜100个连接导电体 3 ,连接导电体 3为钢棒 或钢板等任意导电材料， 连接导电体 3 的一端通过磷生铁或扎糊 2镶 嵌在阴极炭块 1 内， 连接导电体 3与阴极炭块 1可以垂直设置。 连接 导电体 3 的另一端直接从槽底穿出， 使电流基本上垂直穿过铝液和阴 极炭块 1 , 这样就消除了铝液中的水平电流。 为了防止电解质或铝液渗 漏并腐蚀连接导电体 3 , 在阴极炭块 1的下面设置防渗材料 6 , 防渗材 料 6可以使用防渗浇注料， 它将靠近阴极炭块 1 一端的连接导电体 3 包裹起来， 延长连接导电体 3 的寿命。 连接导电体 3 的下端伸出防渗 材料 6并从槽底穿出。
实施例 3 :
如图 3、 图 7和图 8所示， 本发明消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的 方法如下： 在阴极炭块 1的下部设置 2~100个连接导电体 3， 连接导电 体 3与阴极炭块 1可以垂直设置，在阴极炭块 1的下面设置防渗材料 6 , 连接导电体 3的一端通过磷生铁或扎糊 2镶嵌在阴极炭块 1 内； 连接 导电体 3的另一端设置在防渗材料 6内， 设置在防渗材料 6这一端的 连接导电体 3两根或两根以上通过汇流导电体 4与引出导电体 5连接， 引出导电体 5的下端伸出防渗材料 6并从槽底穿出。 引出导电体 5位 于阴极炭块 1 的正下方。 连接导电体 3和汇流导电体 4全被包裹在防 渗材料 6中， 避免了电解质或铝液对其的腐蚀。 连接导电体 3、 汇流导 电体 4和引出导电体 5 为钢棒或钢板等任意导电材料。 汇流导电体与 2-10才艮连接导电体连接。 实施例 4:
实施例 1-3中所述的连接导电体 3、 汇流导电体 4和引出导电体 5 可以根据需要做成任意形状， 如方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭圆形等。 其 它结构同实施例 1-3。
实施例 5 :
如图 4所示， 在阴极炭块 1 中用磷生铁或扎糊 2 固定一根或一根 以上阴极钢棒 7， 然后连接导电体 3与阴极钢棒 7连接， 连接导电体 3 直接从槽底穿出， 使电流基本上垂直穿过铝液和阴极炭块 1 , 这样就消 除了铝液中的水平电流。 其它结构同实施例 1。 阴极钢棒 7—般为 1-50 根。
上述的阴极钢棒 7的下表面与阴极炭块 1 的下表面在同一水平面 上， 也可以不在同一水平面上。 阴极钢棒 7可以水平方向设置。
实施例 6:
如图 5所示， 在阴极炭块 1 中用磷生铁或扎糊 2 固定一根或一根 以上阴极钢棒 7， 然后连接导电体 3与阴极钢棒 7连接， 连接导电体 3 直接从槽底穿出， 使电流基本上垂直穿过铝液和阴极炭块 1 , 这样就消 除了铝液中的水平电流。 其它结构同实施例 2。 阴极钢棒 7—般为 1-50 根。
上述的阴极钢棒 7的下表面与阴极炭块 1 的下表面在同一水平面 上， 也可以不在同一水平面上。 阴极钢棒 7可以水平方向设置。
实施例 7:
如图 6所示， 实施例 3 中， 在阴极炭块 1 中用磷生铁或扎糊 2 固 定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒 7 , 然后连接导电体 3与阴极钢棒 7连接， 连接导电体 3 直接从槽底穿出， 使电流基本上垂直穿过铝液和阴极炭 块 1 , 这样就消除了铝液中的水平电流。 其它结构同实施例 3。 阴极钢 棒 7—般为 1-50根。
上述的阴极钢棒 7的下表面与阴极炭块 1 的下表面在同一水平面 上， 也可以不在同一水平面上。 阴极钢棒 7可以水平方向设置。
实施例 8:
实施例 5-7中所述的连接导电体 3、 汇流导电体 4和引出导电体 5 可以根据需要做成任意形状， 如方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭圓形等。 其 它结构同实施例 1 -3。- 实施例 9:
如图 9所示， 在阴极炭块 1的下部设置 1〜100个连接导电体 3 , 连 接导电体 3为钢棒或钢板等任意导电材料， 连接导电体 3的一端通过 磷生铁或扎糊 2镶嵌在阴极炭块 1 内， 连接导电体 3的另一端伸出阴 极炭块 1外两根或两根以上通过汇流导电体 4与引出导电体 5连接， 引出导电体 5 的下端从槽底穿出。 同样为了防止电解质或铝液渗漏， 延长导电体的寿命， 连接导电体 3和汇流导电体 4可以包裹在防渗材 料 6中， 保护导电体免于其腐蚀。
上述汇流导电体 4可以与同一块阴极炭块 1 内的连接导电体 3连 接。 汇流导电体 4也可以与相邻阴极炭块 1 内的连接导电体 3连接。
上述引出导电体 5位于阴极炭块 1之间。
实施例 10:
实施例 1-9中的连接导电体 3、 汇流导电体 4以及引出导电体 5为 导电体为钢棒、 钢板、 铜棒、 铜板、 合金板、 合金棒或其它任意导电 材料制成。 其它同实施例 1-9。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于在阴极 炭块的下部或下面设置有导电体， 导电体直接从槽底穿出。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于在所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 导电体穿过防渗 材料从槽底穿出。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 连接导电体的一端 镶嵌在阴极炭块内， 连接导电体的另一端设置在防渗材料内， 每两根 或两根以上的导电体通过汇流导电体汇集到一根引出导电体上， 引出 导电体直接从槽底穿出。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后 导电体与阴极钢棒连接， 导电体直接从槽底穿出。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后 导电体与阴极钢棒连接， 在阴极炭块和阴极钢棒的下面设置防渗材料， 导电体穿过防渗材料从槽底穿出。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于在所述的阴极炭块中固定一根或一根以上阴极钢棒， 然后 连接导电体与阴极钢棒连接， 在阴极炭块和阴极钢棒的下面设置防渗 材料， 连接导电体的一端镶嵌在阴极炭块内， 连接导电体的另一端设 置在防渗材料内， 每两根或两根以上的连接导电体通过汇流导电体汇 集到一根引出导电体， 引出导电体直接从槽底穿出。
7. 根据权利要求 3或 6所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法， 其特征在于在所述的汇流导电体设置在防渗材料内。
8. 根据权利要求 4、 5或 6所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的 一水平面上。
9. 根据权利要求 4、 5或 6所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的 方法， 其特征在于所述的阴极钢棒水平方向设置。
10. 根据权利要求 4、 5或 6所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流 的方法， 其特征在于所述的连接导电体与阴极钢棒垂直设置。 .
11. 根据权利要求 4、 5或 6所述的消除铝 解槽铝液中水平电流 的方法， 其特征在于所述的阴极钢棒 7为 1-50根。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于所述的阴极炭块的下部设置连接导电体， 连接导电体的一 端镶嵌在阴极炭块内， 连接导电体的另一端伸出阴极炭块外两根或两 根以上通过汇流导电体与引出导电体连接， 引出导电体的下端从槽底 穿出。
13. 根据权利要求 1 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法， 其特征在于在所述的阴极炭块的下面设置防渗材料， 连接导电体 和汇流导电体设置在防渗材料内。
14. 根据权利要求 1 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法， 其特征在于所述的汇流导电体与同一块阴极炭块内的连接导电体 连接。
15 根据权利要求 1 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法，
接。
16 根据权利要求 3、 6或 1 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流 的方法 其特征在于所述的汇流导电体与 2-10根连接导电体连接。
17 根据权利要求 3、 6或 1 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流 的方法
18 根据权利要求 3、 6或 1 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流 的方法 其特征在于所述的连接导电体、 引出导电体和汇流导电体的 截面形状为方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭圆形。
19. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 1 1或 12所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中 水平电流的方法， 其特征在于所述的连接导电体与阴极炭块垂直设置， 连接导电体的一端通过磷生铁或扎糊镶嵌在阴极炭块内。
20. 根据权利要求 1 1 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法， 其特征在于所述的引出导电体位于阴极炭块之间。
21. 根据权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 10、 1 1或 12所述的消除铝 电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于所述的导电体为钢棒、 钢 板、 铜棒、 铜板、 合金板或合金棒。
22. 根据权利要求 21 所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方 法， 其特征在于所述的导电体的截面形状为方形、 三角形、 圆形或椭 圆形。
23. 根据权利要求 1所述的消除铝电解槽铝液中水平电流的方法， 其特征在于所述的每个阴极炭块的下部或下面设置 1-100个导电体。
PCT/CN2008/001806 2007-12-05 2008-10-27 Procédé pour éviter le courant horizontal dans le patin d'aluminium d'une cuve électrolytique en aluminium WO2009070961A1 (fr)

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