WO2009070053A1 - Procédé de craquage électrochimique de produits pétroliers lourds - Google Patents

Procédé de craquage électrochimique de produits pétroliers lourds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009070053A1
WO2009070053A1 PCT/RU2008/000710 RU2008000710W WO2009070053A1 WO 2009070053 A1 WO2009070053 A1 WO 2009070053A1 RU 2008000710 W RU2008000710 W RU 2008000710W WO 2009070053 A1 WO2009070053 A1 WO 2009070053A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
cracking
heavy
electrochemical
products
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2008/000710
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Vladimir Anatolyevich Chtchoukin
Original Assignee
Chtchoukin Vladimir Anatolyevi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chtchoukin Vladimir Anatolyevi filed Critical Chtchoukin Vladimir Anatolyevi
Publication of WO2009070053A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009070053A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G15/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs
    • C10G15/08—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs by electric means or by electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of oil refining, in particular, to the process of electrochemical cracking of heavy oil products - oil feedstocks, and can be used in the directed processing of heavy oil, residues of atmospheric and vacuum distillation of oil, including fuel oil, and oil refinery waste - oil - llamas.
  • Heavy oil products - heavy oil residues (vacuum gas oils, fuel oils, semi-tars and tars), in contrast to light oil products (gasolines and diesel fuels), are characterized not only by a higher molecular weight, different group and fractional composition, but also by a low hydrogen content. Heavy oil residues contain a large part of heteroatomic components, almost all resins and asphaltenes. The average molecular weight of the components of heavy oil residues is 3-5 times higher than that of light oil products. Molecules of heavy oil residues are characterized by the manifestation of an association with the formation of supramolecular formations.
  • a known method of cracking heavy oil products (see RF patent N ° 2178448, BI N ° 2 (II), 2002), which consists in the preparation of a homogeneous mixture of heavy oil residues and specially dried and subjected to mechanochemical treatment in a vibratory mill finely ground sapropelite (particle size 20-30 microns) with subsequent thermocracking of the mixture at 390-420 ° C and 0.2-5 MPa and separation of cracking products, and mechanochemical the processing is carried out in an inert medium under a pressure of 0.05 atm, the vibrating mill operates in a flow with a vibrating screen, and the components are continuously fed to the mixing by a screw feeder with a regulated feed rate.
  • Oil shale, saproximite, boghead, and kennel are used as sapropelite.
  • the action chamber includes disintegrators, remote reactors, a separator, an atmospheric column for the separation of thermal cracking products (see RF Patents Jfs2178446 and Na2178447, BI N ° 2 (II), 2002).
  • the known methods have a number of disadvantages (complex hardware design of the process, the need for thorough drying and very fine grinding of sapropelite, the use of sapropelite of one genetic type (carbonate), heating of raw materials in a tube furnace with its inevitable coking, the need to carry out the process in an inert atmosphere including vibration grinding of sapropelite, the presence of external reactors operating under high pressure, the need to use water vapor to isolate from the reaction products an organ neralnogo spent catalyst).
  • thermoly or catalytically active hydrogen donor additives selected from the series: ordinary or enriched shales - personal genetic types (carbonate, aluminosilicate, aluminosilicate-carbonate, silicate), the mineral part of shale, zeolite-containing catalysts, a mixture of ordinary shale and zeolite-containing aluminosilicate catalysts, at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 400-430 ° C with the content of these additives 8-12% of the mass, with the duration of the process, providing a complete distillation of light distillate products (US Pat.
  • Zeolite can contain up to 7% iron oxides.
  • the catalyst is introduced into the feedstock in an amount of 1-10%. (see RF Patent * ⁇ s2179570 dated 12.25.2000, IPC C10G11 / 05)
  • the yield of light oil products is about 70% with coke formation of 0.2-0.25%.
  • An object of the invention is to increase the yield of light distillate fractions and obtain only marketable products: diesel-oil fractions and non-oxidized bitumen with significant simplicity of the method and high processability.
  • the result is achieved by the fact that the electrochemical method of cracking crude oil, including heavy oil residues, is carried out at an overpressure of 0.01-0.5 MPa and a temperature of 380-450 ° C, in the presence of alloys of metals Al, Cr, Ni, Fe which are used as separate conductors installed in the cracking zone in contact with the raw material, and through which an electric current with a voltage of 0.1-10 kV and a current value of 1-1-10 4 amperes is passed.
  • the process begins, develops and ends in the reaction chamber, in which the raw materials are exposed to electric currents from 0.1 kV to 10 kV, a current of 1-1 10 4 amperes passing through metal conductors made of iron-aluminum-chromium -nickel alloys. Special preliminary preparation of raw materials is not required.,
  • the invention allows to significantly simplify the hardware design of the cracking process in comparison with the known cracking methods and increase the depth of processing of heavy oil residues, up to 80% of the mass, with the receipt of only marketable products: diesel - oil fraction and non-oxidized bitumen.
  • This technology it is possible to process not only fuel oils and tars, but also oil sludges with a mechanical impurity content of up to 10% of the mass, cracking gases make up less than 1% of the mass.
  • This electrochemical cracking method is practically waste-free and allows, within certain limits, varying the ratio between the obtained diesel and oil fractions and the resulting unoxidized bitumen.
  • Technological parameters affecting the process of electrochemical cracking reactions are pressure, temperature, current, voltage and residence time in the reaction chamber.
  • An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the yield of distillate (light) oil products and, to a certain limit, a decrease in the viscosity of the cracking residue, but at the same time, the viscosity and density of the residue increase.
  • the change in pressure in the reaction chamber which is controlled by the pressure valve during the selection of the vapor phase, directly affects the fraction of the vapor phase, the volumetric rate and the course and time of the reaction, and the conversion process as a whole.
  • the structure and flow rate are controlled by feeding the feedstock and selecting cracking products.
  • conductors of iron-aluminum-chromium-nickel alloys are installed, which are immersed pipes or rods of various diameters in the raw materials that are electrically isolated from the camera body, to which electric current is supplied.
  • the feed to the reaction chamber is, as a rule, carried out after preliminary heating of the feed to 360-380 ° C by flue gases in a direct heating furnace.
  • diesel-oil fractions are either shipped in the form of boiler fuels or a component of marketable oil, or subjected to further processing — distillation, hydrotreating, etc., and the remainder in the form of non-oxidized bitumen is modified to meet the requirements of various brands of road or building bitumen.
  • the feedstock is heated in a steam heat exchanger to a temperature of 90 ° C, the feed pump feeds into the coil of the cracking furnace, passing through which the feedstock is heated from flue gases to 360 ° C, and then it is fed into the reaction chamber, where, under the influence of electric current, voltage 0.4 kV, and a current of 100 A on the surface
  • electric current voltage 0.4 kV, and a current of 100 A on the surface
  • conductors of iron-aluminum-chromium-nickel alloys undergo electrochemical cracking reactions of the feedstock, resulting in diesel oil fractions and cracked residue in the form of unoxidized bitumen that are removed from the reaction chamber from the feedstock.
  • the pressure in the reaction chamber is maintained by OD MPa by a pressure valve installed on the cracking vapor sampling line; the time it takes for the raw materials to be in the reaction chamber is 12 minutes.
  • the vaporized liquid-vapor mixture is cooled in a heat exchanger.
  • the resulting product is condensed, analyzes of the obtained distillate oil product are carried out - diesel oil fraction 142-400 ° C and non-oxidized bitumen.
  • the inventive method is a good and reliable solution to the problem with the achievement of the technical result.
  • the hardware design is quite simple, does not require nodes and devices that would be difficult to reproduce on an industrial scale.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine du traitement du pétrole, en particulier un procédé de craquage électrochimique de produits de base pétroliers lourds qui peut être utilisé pour le traitement ciblé du pétrole lourd, des résidus atmosphériques et de distillation sous vide du pétrole, tels que le mazout, et également les déchets de raffinage se présentant sous forme de boues d'hydrocarbures. Le but de l'invention est d'accroître le rendement des fractions de distillation légères et d'obtenir uniquement des produits commercialisables tels que des fractions d'huiles multigrades et de bitume non oxydé à l'aide d'un procédé extrêmement simple et à haute capacité de transformation. Pour cela, le procédé de craquage électrochimique de produits de pétrole brut destinés à être utilisés comme produits de base pétroliers, tels que des résidus de pétrole brut, est réalisé à une surpression comprise entre 0,01 et 0,5 MPa et à une température comprise entre 380 et 450°C en présence d'alliages d'Al, Cr, Ni et Fe qui sont utilisés comme conducteurs individuels placés dans la zone de craquage de façon à être en contact avec un produit de base et par lesquels passe un courant électrique de 0,1 kV et de 1-1⋅104 ampères.
PCT/RU2008/000710 2007-11-19 2008-11-17 Procédé de craquage électrochimique de produits pétroliers lourds WO2009070053A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2007142521/04A RU2333932C1 (ru) 2007-11-19 2007-11-19 Способ электрохимического крекинга тяжелых нефтепродуктов
RU2007142521 2007-11-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009070053A1 true WO2009070053A1 (fr) 2009-06-04

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RU (1) RU2333932C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009070053A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2448153C1 (ru) * 2010-07-30 2012-04-20 Владимир Анатольевич Щукин Способ гидрокрекинга тяжелого нефтяного сырья с использованием вихревого реактора (вр)
RU2479621C1 (ru) * 2011-08-12 2013-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Группа инновационных проектов" Способ электротермолиза нефтепродуктов и установка для его осуществления
RU2473666C1 (ru) * 2011-12-16 2013-01-27 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Нижегородский Государственный Университет Им. Н.И. Лобачевского" Способ электрохимического крекинга углеводородного сырья
RU2533124C1 (ru) * 2013-03-28 2014-11-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно Производственный Центр "Квадра" Способ осуществления плазмохимических взаимодействий между жидкими углеводородами, включая их производные и газообразными веществами или несмешивающимися жидкостями в т.ч. неорганическими
RU2768167C1 (ru) * 2021-02-25 2022-03-23 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт нефтехимического синтеза им. А.В. Топчиева Российской академии наук (ИНХС РАН) Способ скоростной переработки гудрона

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1585573A (en) * 1919-04-24 1926-05-18 Donald L Thomas Method of electrochemical treatment of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds resulting from the cracking of oils
RU94013148A (ru) * 1994-04-14 1995-12-20 Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет Способ крекинга нефтяного сырья
RU2122011C1 (ru) * 1995-03-06 1998-11-20 Халуша Григорий Аронович Способ переработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья
RU2179570C1 (ru) * 2000-12-25 2002-02-20 Каспийская нефтеперерабатывающая компания Способ получения жидких продуктов из нефтяных остатков

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1585573A (en) * 1919-04-24 1926-05-18 Donald L Thomas Method of electrochemical treatment of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds resulting from the cracking of oils
RU94013148A (ru) * 1994-04-14 1995-12-20 Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет Способ крекинга нефтяного сырья
RU2122011C1 (ru) * 1995-03-06 1998-11-20 Халуша Григорий Аронович Способ переработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья
RU2179570C1 (ru) * 2000-12-25 2002-02-20 Каспийская нефтеперерабатывающая компания Способ получения жидких продуктов из нефтяных остатков

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