WO2009070043A2 - Procédé et appareil permettant de produire de l'énergie thermique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant de produire de l'énergie thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009070043A2
WO2009070043A2 PCT/PH2008/000011 PH2008000011W WO2009070043A2 WO 2009070043 A2 WO2009070043 A2 WO 2009070043A2 PH 2008000011 W PH2008000011 W PH 2008000011W WO 2009070043 A2 WO2009070043 A2 WO 2009070043A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fusible
isotopes
regulating
fluid medium
ies
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PH2008/000011
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English (en)
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WO2009070043A9 (fr
Inventor
Flordivino De Leon Basco
Original Assignee
Flordivino De Leon Basco
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Publication date
Application filed by Flordivino De Leon Basco filed Critical Flordivino De Leon Basco
Publication of WO2009070043A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009070043A2/fr
Publication of WO2009070043A9 publication Critical patent/WO2009070043A9/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the method of generating thermal energy by means of cold fusion (CF) process that is formally known as "low energy nuclear reactions” or “chemically assisted nuclear reactions”.
  • CF cold fusion
  • the invention relates to the method of letting the process of CF to occur inside combustion chamber (CC) of the internal combustioii engine (ICE).
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus implementing the said method.
  • the conventional CF set-up consists of a vessel where electrodes, cathode and anode, are dipped in water (usually a heavy water) with electrolyte on it and are connected in battery or power source.
  • water usually a heavy water
  • MHIs monatomic hydrogen isotopes
  • monatomic oxygen isotopes are also observed.
  • MHIs are absorbed in the cathode [Bowman, Metal Hydrides (ed. G. Bambakides) 109-144 (New York, Plenum, 1981)] while the monatomic oxygen isotopes are evolved with the gases of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the MHI can be either atom or nucleus of protium, deuterium, or tritium.
  • Electrodes for CF method include palladium, titanium, platinum, nickel and niobium.
  • the transmutation of the aqueous medium between electrodes, water with or without electrolyte is also observed as disclosed by Bush, Robert T. and Eagleton, Robert D. in “METHOD AND APPARATUS for Alkali-Hydrogen Power Generation", WO 93/17437, where the MHIs fused with sodium nuclei (of the sodium carbonate electrolyte) to form magnesium atoms. They also showed that calcium, strontium and helium are formed when the electrolytes based on potassium, rubidium and deuterium, respectively, are used.
  • the underlying technical problem pf this invention is to provide a more controllable process wherein the CF can be initiated in separate site from where the MHIs are produced; such as inside the CC of the ICE, so that, thermal energy produced can be harnessed efficiently to do useful work and can be used to deliver an extra power.
  • the apparatus with such functional and structural features that delivers the said result is also disclosed.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to separate the location of the confining vessel (CV), where the CF reactions occur, to the source of MHIs, so that, the thermal energy produced during CF can be harnessed efficiently to do useful work and provide extra power or energy.
  • CV confining vessel
  • the present invention delves on pressure as a relevant mechanism, if not a dominant mechanism, to the occurrence of CF process.
  • the electrolyzer is used as source of the MHIs, then the distribution of MHI inside the CV is sparse and most MHIs have no immediate neighbors to fuse themselves when the primer fuel is detonated and induced the pressure.
  • An introduction of an assisting medium (AM) is realized, so that, the immediate neighbors of most the MHIs will be the said AM.
  • AM assisting medium
  • the said contact area can be increased either by increasing the amount of feed of AM inside CV or by choosing AM as material that easily fused with MHIs or that relatively absorbed large amount of MHIs.
  • AM can be a material in a form either of fluid medium or solid-state material.
  • a fluid medium is a medium that in either liquid or gas phase.
  • Figure 1 is the schematic diagram based on the present preferred embodiment with AM used is a fluid medium.
  • Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the present preferred embodiment that optimized the generation of thermal energy by using as a set of AM consisting of fluid medium and solid- state material.
  • Figure 3 is the schematic diagram based on the present preferred embodiment with AM used is a solid-state material.
  • Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the simplified form of the present preferred embodiment.
  • the source (1) has an installed system of delivery to the CV (2) as regulated by a control mechanism (3).
  • the fusion process is forced by explosion of a primer fuel (PF) (b) either by mechanical pressure or by detonation of the detonating device (DD) (4).
  • the source (5) of PF (b) has an installed system of delivery to the CV (2) as regulated by a control mechanism (6).
  • the AM is used in either in a form of fluid medium (c) as supplied by source (11) and regulated by control mechanism (12) or in a form of solid-state material that made of any portions (7, 8, 9) of the CV (2) or a dangling material (10) (on the cylinder block or on top of piston head in the case of the CC of the ICE) inside the CV (2). Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention is the use of fluid medium (c) as the AM, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the fluid medium (c) is in a liquid phase and its (c) control mechanism (12) should include a mechanism that atomized it (c) before it (c) reached CV (2).
  • the source (1) of MHIs (a) could be a tank containing the MHIs.
  • it (1) could be an electrolyzer that could produce, at least, of MHIs with hydrogen and oxygen gases, and other gases and atoms dissolved in water, with or without the use of electrolyte, inside the said electrolyzer.
  • it could be (1) a mechanism of converting the hydrogen gas into MHIs as taught by Belton, G.R. (WO 90/131214) and Hodgson, J.A. (US 2007/0140400 Al) where the hydrogen gas inside a tank is converted to MHIs by using an electrical field and an electromagnetic scalar waves, respectively.
  • it (1) could be any group of means or mechanisms that put together to produce the MHIs.
  • the PF (b) can be placed in a simple container (3).
  • the PF (b) could be any of combustible liquid, such as liquefied hydrogen, hydrocarbon, alcohol or any form of combustible hydroxyl; of combustible gas, such as hydrogen gas, liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas; or any combination of them.
  • the fluid medium (c) can be placed in simple container (2) also.
  • the fluid medium (c) is an isotopic aqueous solution of hydrogen- fusing soluble compound.
  • It (c) could be an isotopic aqueous solution of a soluble compound of any isotope selected from the group comprised of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and thallium, either ih a from of hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, or nitrates.
  • it (c) could be a water- alcohol solution.
  • it (c) could be pure water.
  • the means of detonating the PF (b) can be either mechanical pressure, as in diesel engine, or by detonation of a DD (4) like a spark plug, as in gasoline engine.
  • the amount of MHIs (a), PF (b), and fluid medium (c) are delivered to CV (2) as regulated by their respective control mechanisms (3, 6, 12).
  • Each mode of delivery (3, 6, 12) into CV (2) can be done either through central (or carbureted), port, or direct injection system.
  • the explosion of PF (b) inside CV (2) will create the needed pressure to fuse the MHIs (a) principally with the fluid medium (c).
  • Their (a, c) fusion will produced a nuclear daughter(s) whose mass (sum of masses) is less than their (a, c) combined masses, so that, the mass difference is converted principally into thermal energy.
  • Figure 1 is not a planned or hypothetical embodiment but a depiction of an embodiment, which has been reduced to actual practice to produce the result mentioned above.
  • an OHV (overhead valve) portable generator engine and a carburetor car standby engine are used.
  • the source (1) of MHIs (a) is an electrolyzer (1) that produced, at least, MHIs (a).
  • the electrolyzer (1) also produced hydrogen gas.
  • the CV (2) used is the CC (2) of the ICE.
  • Both engines used gasoline as PF (b) and mode of exploding it (b) is by detonation of the DD (4) in a form of a spark plug.
  • the hydrogen gas is also another PF (c).
  • the fluid medium (c) used is a low quality of water- alcohol solution (c) that is not anymore combustible.
  • the control mechanisms for delivery inside the CC (2) of the ICE are as follows; for MHIs (a), the port injection delivery system (3) is used, whereas for gasoline (b) and water-alcohol soliition (c) the carbureted (or central injection) delivery systems (6, 12) are used.
  • the generator produced both AC (alternating current) and DC (direct current).
  • the DC is used to supply the needed current of the electrolyzer (1).
  • the engine is initially ran using gasoline (b) and when it is already running, the outlets that feed MHIs (a), and water-alcohol solution (c) are turn-on while the amount of gasoline (b) going to CC (2) of the ICE is almost nothing at all (or a very small amount and the gasoline (b) is appeared to just diffusing to the CC (2) of the ICE).
  • the diffused gasoline (b) and hydrogen gas (where the MHIs (a) go with it) are exploded by spark plug (4) and immediately after energy harnessed is more than sufficient to supply the DC needed by the electrolyzer (1). In fact, an extra energy is harnessed from the AC-supply outlet of the generator to run the household lightings, electric fan and television connected to the said outlet.
  • the fluid medium (c) used in this case, is pure water (c).
  • the control mechanisms (3, 6, 12) for delivery of MHIs (a), gasoline (b), and pure water (c) inside the CC (2) of the ICE are all done through carbureted (or central injection) delivery systems.
  • the electrolyzer (1) is connected to the alternator to get its needed DC supply.
  • the engine is initially ran using gasoline (b) and when it is already running, the outlets that feed the MHIs (a), and pure water (c) are tum-on while the amount of gasoline (b) going to it is set to as if it is just running in idle mode.
  • the engine is accelerated to higher speed by simply addition of pure water (b) alone.
  • At least two (2) of the three (3) control mechanisms cited can be combined together, e.g., a single control mechanism for both monatomic isotopes (a) and PF (b) (in a form of hydrogen gas when gasoline as a PF (b) is totally eliminated).
  • the port or direct injection system can be used also for both PF (b) and fluid medium (c) as system of delivery inside the CC (2) of the ICE.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention depicts an embodiment that optimized the probability of the occurrence of fusion reactions of MHIs through additional AM in a form of solid-state material does this, as shown in Figure 2, so that, availability of immediate neighbors where MHIs can always fused always exist.
  • Making any walls or portions (7, 8, 9) of the CV (2) be made of solid-state materials does this.
  • introducing a dangling material (10) inside CV (2) be made of solid-state material is another way.
  • both the fluid medium (c) and the solid-state material (7, 8, 9, 10) are available to be the immediate neighbors of the MHIs, so that, once the detonation of the primer fuel (b) induced the needed pressure most of the MHIs are forced to fuse themselves their immediate neighbor mentioned.
  • the said solid-state material is selected from hydrogen-absorbing material.
  • the following is some in the list: cobalt, copper, erbium, hafnium, holmium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lutetium, magnesium, nickel, niobium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, tantalum, thorium, thulium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium, their alloys, carbon nanotubes, Raney nickel, stainless steel, and other alloys that absorb relatively large quantity of the explosion, the MHIs (a) fuse principally with the MHIs from the water-alcohol solution (c) together to form helium, thereby, releases a thermal energy.
  • Figure 3 is an embodiment that uses a solid-state material as the AM.
  • Figure 4 depicts a much simpler form of the embodiment that can be used when the supplies of MHIs is relatively large. It should be stressed; that the embodiment described and presented is simple illustration how to carry out the present invention. As mentioned, the present invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the invention.
  • the invention can be easily extended for myriad of CVs (2) that run parallel to each other, with synchronized or not synchronized timings of initiation of CF process.
  • the different sources (1, 5, 11) can be extended into set of sources (1, 5, 11) for each one of MHIs (a), primer fuel (b), and fluid medium (c).
  • the thermal energy generating method described herein can be used to provide a complete plant capable of generating energy for commercial use.
  • the presently disclosed process can be enhanced both by known techniques of power production systems and by the techniques disclosed in this invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé qui permet de produire de l'énergie thermique par fusion froide, en séparant le récipient de confinement (2), dans lequel se produit la réaction de fusion froide, et la source (1) des isotopes d'hydrogène monoatomique (MHI) (a), de façon à obtenir une production d'énergie thermique plus efficace et plus facile à réguler. A cet effet, on introduit d'abord, avec les MHI (a), un combustible d'amorçage (b) et un milieu liquide (c) à l'intérieur du récipient de confinement (2). On déclenche ensuite l'explosion du combustible d'amorçage (b) afin de faire démarrer les réactions de fusion desdits MHI (a), principalement avec le milieu liquide précité (c), et d'observer la production d'une énergie thermique. En fabriquant le récipient de confinement (2) dans un matériau solide absorbant l'hydrogène ou en recouvrant les parois (7, 8, 9) dudit récipient d'un tel matériau ou d'un matériau sans support (10), on parvient à produire une plus grande quantité d'énergie thermique. Les MHI, le combustible d'amorçage (b) et le milieu liquide (c) sont fournis par des sources (1, 5, 11) et réglés par un mécanisme de régulation (3, 6, 12). Les MHI peuvent être des atomes ou des noyaux de protium, de deutérium ou de tritium. On déclenche l'explosion du combustible d'amorçage (b) sous l'effet d'une pression mécanique, comme dans un moteur Diesel, ou d'un dispositif détonant (4) tel qu'une bougie d'allumage, comme dans un moteur à essence. Chaque mécanisme de régulation (3, 6, 12) constitue un mode de distribution qui peut être mis en oeuvre par un système d'injection centrale (ou carburée), dans l'orifice d'admission ou à injection directe. Le procédé de l'invention est simple à appliquer lorsqu'il existe une pluralité de sources (1, 5, 11), de mécanismes de régulation (3, 6, 12) et de récipients de confinement (2). L'invention se rapporte en outre à un appareil doté d'une structure et de caractéristiques fonctionnelles permettant d'obtenir le résultat précité.
PCT/PH2008/000011 2007-11-28 2008-11-27 Procédé et appareil permettant de produire de l'énergie thermique WO2009070043A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PH12007000484 2007-11-28
PH1-2007-00484 2007-11-28

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WO2009070043A2 true WO2009070043A2 (fr) 2009-06-04
WO2009070043A9 WO2009070043A9 (fr) 2009-11-19

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013011349A1 (fr) * 2011-12-21 2013-01-24 Potemkin Alexander Dispositif de production d'un rayonnement neutronique monochromatique
CN105164758A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2015-12-16 牛津大学技术转移公司 局部能量集中
WO2017155520A1 (fr) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 PineSci Consulting Procédés et appareil pour réactions nucléaires améliorées
WO2018119352A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Industrial Heat, Llc Procédés pour améliorer la génération de chaleur anormale

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013011349A1 (fr) * 2011-12-21 2013-01-24 Potemkin Alexander Dispositif de production d'un rayonnement neutronique monochromatique
US20150055741A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2015-02-26 Alexander Potemkin Device for Obtaining Monochromatic Neutron Radiation
CN105164758A (zh) * 2013-03-06 2015-12-16 牛津大学技术转移公司 局部能量集中
WO2017155520A1 (fr) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 PineSci Consulting Procédés et appareil pour réactions nucléaires améliorées
WO2018119352A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 Industrial Heat, Llc Procédés pour améliorer la génération de chaleur anormale

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