WO2009064234A1 - A process for forming steel - Google Patents
A process for forming steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009064234A1 WO2009064234A1 PCT/SE2008/000633 SE2008000633W WO2009064234A1 WO 2009064234 A1 WO2009064234 A1 WO 2009064234A1 SE 2008000633 W SE2008000633 W SE 2008000633W WO 2009064234 A1 WO2009064234 A1 WO 2009064234A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- component
- anyone
- blank
- hardening
- net shape
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/185—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering from an intercritical temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/004—Thixotropic process, i.e. forging at semi-solid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/42—Induction heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a process for forming a steel component.
- Forming of complex shaped steel parts is associated with working at high temperature in multi station presses.
- the material requires heating, shearing and forming with aid of a very large and expensive forging equipment. In order to give cost efficiency such methods require high production volumes and as few resetting operations as possible.
- the hot forged products have a poor accuracy and require a lot of machining after the forging process for obtaining the desired final shape. To enable machining, it is in many cases needed a soft annealing operation. After soft machining of the product thus formed a heat treatment operation is needed for causing the product to reach the desired hardness.
- the purpose of the present invention is therefore now to propose a new forming process which results in products with a good micro-structure and surface integrity, and which gives reduced costs, a considerably increased flexibility and therefore extremely short lead times, and this has been achieved in that the process incorporates the steps defined in the accompanying claim 1.
- a raw material billet is heated into a semi-solid state and a specific liquid fraction.
- the semi-solid billet is formed in a thixo-forming process into a component having a near net shape.
- the component is homogenized to level out segregations.
- This process step is followed by annealing to accomplish a spheroidization of the micro structure.
- the component then is hardened either by furnace full hardening or by induction hardening.
- a production line of this type is highly flexible depending on the individual sub- processes performed. It is possible to change billet size and to have thixo forming tools of different shapes and sizes.
- the heat treatment can easily be varied in accordance with different shapes and sizes and with reference to different requirement regarding material properties.
- the hard machining step can further be modified for giving variations in shape and surface quality.
- the products produced will have nearly the same material properties as those achieved from standard forming operations.
- Materials which can be worked in accordance with the process are steels of high, medium or low carbon content, and also different steel alloys.
- the thixo forming as an example can be can be performed at temperatures of about 1200 to 1500 0 C. In general the liquid fraction should be kept at 10 to 30%.
- the sample is subjected to homogenization to level out segregations, by being held in an oven for at least 3 hours in the austenite region for the material in question, e.g. at about 1200 0 C.
- the specimen is then cooled in air. Thereafter spheroidization is carried out differently depending on the composition of the steel (under or over eutectoid steels, i.e. with a carbon content of below or above approximately 0.7 % by weight).
- a speroidized structure is achieved by using a heat treatment cycle incorporating a heating step up to the austenite region (10-30 0 C above A cm -line), soaking for one hour, cooling to a temperature in the austenite+cementite region (20-30 0 C above Ai-line, followed by cooling at a rate of approximately 10 °C/hour to a temperature of 60-90 0 C below the Ai- line. Finally the component is cooled to room temperature.
- the material shall be heated to a temperature of 10-50 0 C below the Ai-line, soaking for 2-4 hours before cooling to room temperature, performed thereafter. Thereby the specimen is reheated to a temperature of 810 - 820 0 C and maintained at that temperature up to one hour followed by cooling to 750 0 C and then slow cooling to 650 0 C at a rate of about 10 °C/hour. Thereupon the specimen is cooled to room temperature.
- the component then is hardened by full through hardening followed by cooling in oil at 60 - 80 0 C, in salt or gas, followed by tempering.
- hardening can also be performed by other methods, such as induction hardening and case hardening by carburization followed by tempering.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention refers to a process for forming a steel component, incorporating the steps of - providing a blank having substantially the volume of the component to be formed, - heating the blank to a semi solid state with a specific liquid fraction, - forming the blank with a forging technique to a component of near net shape dimensions, - subjecting the formed, near net shape component, to a normalization combined with a hardening, - subjecting the normalized and hardened near net shape component to machining to give the component net shape.
Description
A PROCESS FOR FORMING STEEL
The present invention refers to a process for forming a steel component.
Background of the invention
Forming of complex shaped steel parts is associated with working at high temperature in multi station presses. The material requires heating, shearing and forming with aid of a very large and expensive forging equipment. In order to give cost efficiency such methods require high production volumes and as few resetting operations as possible. The hot forged products have a poor accuracy and require a lot of machining after the forging process for obtaining the desired final shape. To enable machining, it is in many cases needed a soft annealing operation. After soft machining of the product thus formed a heat treatment operation is needed for causing the product to reach the desired hardness. These earlier known processes can be described as expensive and they have low flexibility, which means long lead times.
Attempts of forming metallic components with use of a thixo-forming process, i.e. where the metal is heated to a semi-solid state, before the forming step, have proven to give formed products with a material microstructure, which is so uneven, and a surface integrity, which is so poor, that the product is not useful for most purposes.
Purpose and summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is therefore now to propose a new forming process which results in products with a good micro-structure and surface integrity, and which gives reduced costs, a considerably increased flexibility and therefore extremely short lead times, and this has been achieved in that the process incorporates the steps defined in the accompanying claim 1.
It has surprisingly proven itself that such a result is obtained if a thixo forming process is directly combined with a tailored heat treatment operation, and the
invention therefore means a combination of existing processes into a new combined process which can be used in a flexible production line.
Description of preferred embodiments
In a first step a raw material billet is heated into a semi-solid state and a specific liquid fraction. In the next step the semi-solid billet is formed in a thixo-forming process into a component having a near net shape. After reducing the component temperature, the component is homogenized to level out segregations. This process step is followed by annealing to accomplish a spheroidization of the micro structure. The component then is hardened either by furnace full hardening or by induction hardening.
At this point the component has obtained a nearly finished shape and a proper microstructure and surface integrity and thus the required material properties.
Finally the component is subjected to hard machining to net shape.
It is possible to use an alternative heat treatment operation, i.e. a controlled cooling cycle after thixo forming with a subsequent surface hardening.
For carbon steels in general it is possible to use a multi step homogenization, annealing and hardening.
By combining the processes into an optimized production line it is obtained a minimized volume of raw material waste as the size of the initial billet can be optimized mainly to correspond to the required amount of material for a near net shape product, even for very complex geometries, and consequently the hard machining required is also minimized.
A production line of this type is highly flexible depending on the individual sub- processes performed. It is possible to change billet size and to have thixo forming tools of different shapes and sizes.
The heat treatment can easily be varied in accordance with different shapes and sizes and with reference to different requirement regarding material properties. The hard machining step can further be modified for giving variations in shape and surface quality.
Lead times from order to delivery of a product will be shortened depending on the production flexibility.
The products produced will have nearly the same material properties as those achieved from standard forming operations.
Materials which can be worked in accordance with the process are steels of high, medium or low carbon content, and also different steel alloys.
For high carbon steels the thixo forming as an example can be can be performed at temperatures of about 1200 to 1500 0C. In general the liquid fraction should be kept at 10 to 30%. After the thixo forming the sample is subjected to homogenization to level out segregations, by being held in an oven for at least 3 hours in the austenite region for the material in question, e.g. at about 1200 0C. The specimen is then cooled in air. Thereafter spheroidization is carried out differently depending on the composition of the steel (under or over eutectoid steels, i.e. with a carbon content of below or above approximately 0.7 % by weight).
For over eutectoid steels a speroidized structure is achieved by using a heat treatment cycle incorporating a heating step up to the austenite region (10-30 0C above Acm-line), soaking for one hour, cooling to a temperature in the austenite+cementite region (20-30 0C above Ai-line, followed by cooling at a rate of approximately 10 °C/hour to a temperature of 60-90 0C below the Ai- line. Finally the component is cooled to room temperature.
For having a speroidized structure of the under eutectoid steels the material shall be heated to a temperature of 10-50 0C below the Ai-line, soaking for 2-4 hours before cooling to room temperature, performed thereafter. Thereby the
specimen is reheated to a temperature of 810 - 820 0C and maintained at that temperature up to one hour followed by cooling to 750 0C and then slow cooling to 650 0C at a rate of about 10 °C/hour. Thereupon the specimen is cooled to room temperature.
The component then is hardened by full through hardening followed by cooling in oil at 60 - 80 0C, in salt or gas, followed by tempering. Moreover hardening can also be performed by other methods, such as induction hardening and case hardening by carburization followed by tempering.
The invention is not limited to the exemplifying embodiments given hereabove, but modifications are possible within the scope of the accompanying claims.
Claims
1. A process for forming a steel component, incorporating the steps of
- providing a blank having substantially the volume of the component to be formed,
- heating the blank to a semi solid state with a specific liquid fraction,
- forming the blank with a forging technique to a component of near net shape dimensions,
- subjecting the formed, near net shape component, to a normalization combined with a hardening,
- subjecting the normalized and hardened near net shape component to machining to give the component net shape.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the final machining step is performed as hard machining.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the component is subjected to soft machining after normalization.
4. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein the blank is cut from tube, bar or wire.
5. A process as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the heating of the blank to a semi solid state is performed via induction heating.
6. A process as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the forming step is performed as a single forging stroke.
7. A process as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, wherein spheroidization of the microstructure is effected by annealing.
8. A process as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims wherein the hardening process step is finished with quenching and tempering at 150 - 180 0C for one to two hours.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the quenching step is performed in oil at 60 - 80 0C,
10. A process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the quenching step is performed in salt or gas.
11. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hardening is performed by induction hardening.
12. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 7 and claim 11, wherein the process is finished by spray quenching and tempering.
13. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hardening is performed by case carburizing.
14. A process as claimed in anyone of claims 1 to 7 and claim 11, wherein the process is finished by tempering.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/743,141 US8377235B2 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | Process for forming steel |
| EP08850624.1A EP2209923A4 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | A process for forming steel |
| CN2008801246745A CN101910425B (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | A process for forming steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0702509-1 | 2007-11-14 | ||
| SE0702509A SE531606C2 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | A process for forming steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009064234A1 true WO2009064234A1 (en) | 2009-05-22 |
Family
ID=40638944
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2008/000633 WO2009064234A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2008-11-06 | A process for forming steel |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8377235B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2209923A4 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100091973A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101910425B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE531606C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009064234A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103659157B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-04-20 | 湖州盛基金属制品有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of aluminium base |
| CN107983929A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-04 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of heating furnace cobalt alloy cushion block semi-solid die casting process |
| CN110216268B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-05-18 | 北京科技大学 | High-carbon high-alloy steel semi-solid forming temperature-control cooling heat treatment process |
| CN113828756A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-24 | 石家庄腾鹄锻造有限责任公司 | Novel production process of steel casting |
| CN114015845A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving banded structure of 17CrNiMo6 product |
| CN114990303B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2024-01-12 | 北京科技大学 | Structure regulation and control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystal |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0701002A1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-13 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Process for moulding aluminium- or magnesiumalloys in semi-solidified state |
| WO1998003686A1 (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1998-01-29 | The University Of Melbourne | Semi-solid forming |
| US6079477A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-06-27 | Amcan Castings Limited | Semi-solid metal forming process |
| US20030102103A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-06-05 | Lombard Patrick J. | Apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of shaped parts |
| US20040238150A1 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Ube Industries, Ltd | Method and apparatus for shaping semisolid metals |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4077812A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1978-03-07 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co. Ltd. | Method of working steel machine parts including machining during quench cooling |
| CN1069072C (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-08-01 | 河北科技大学 | Manufacture of wear resisting product |
| JP2005036693A (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-10 | Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc | Method of manufacturing refrigerant compressor |
| SE530892C2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-10-07 | Skf Ab | A bearing component for a rolling bearing or a sliding bearing |
-
2007
- 2007-11-14 SE SE0702509A patent/SE531606C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-11-06 EP EP08850624.1A patent/EP2209923A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-06 US US12/743,141 patent/US8377235B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-06 WO PCT/SE2008/000633 patent/WO2009064234A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-06 KR KR1020107010504A patent/KR20100091973A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-11-06 CN CN2008801246745A patent/CN101910425B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0701002A1 (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-13 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Process for moulding aluminium- or magnesiumalloys in semi-solidified state |
| US20040238150A1 (en) * | 1995-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Ube Industries, Ltd | Method and apparatus for shaping semisolid metals |
| WO1998003686A1 (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1998-01-29 | The University Of Melbourne | Semi-solid forming |
| US6079477A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-06-27 | Amcan Castings Limited | Semi-solid metal forming process |
| US20030102103A1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-06-05 | Lombard Patrick J. | Apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of shaped parts |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP2209923A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE531606C2 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
| US20110000584A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| EP2209923A4 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| US8377235B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
| KR20100091973A (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| SE0702509L (en) | 2009-05-15 |
| CN101910425B (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| CN101910425A (en) | 2010-12-08 |
| EP2209923A1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
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