CN114990303B - Structure regulation and control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystal - Google Patents
Structure regulation and control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990303B CN114990303B CN202210485144.5A CN202210485144A CN114990303B CN 114990303 B CN114990303 B CN 114990303B CN 202210485144 A CN202210485144 A CN 202210485144A CN 114990303 B CN114990303 B CN 114990303B
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001103 M42 high speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001311 M2 high speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- -1 M 6 C Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a structure regulation and control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals, and belongs to the field of metal material structure regulation and control. The structure regulating and controlling method is applied to high-carbon high-alloy steel with carbon content of more than 0.6 weight percent and alloy element of more than 10 weight percent, and comprises the following steps: heating alloy steel semi-solid blank to semi-solid temperature interval, controlling heating temperature within 50 ℃ higher than solidus, presetting heat preservation time, and controlling liquid phase ratio to be less than or equal to 25%; after reaching the preset heat preservation time, performing semi-solid forming on a press machine to obtain a semi-solid forming workpiece, wherein the deformation is less than or equal to 50%; after the semi-solid deformation is completed, cooling to room temperature from a semi-solid temperature interval, wherein the cooling speed is 0.5 ℃/s-10 ℃/s. The structure regulating and controlling process of the invention does not need special chemical metallurgy or external field environment required by the regulation and control of acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal at present, the treatment process is simple and easy to implement, the structure of the material is improved, the mechanical property of the material is improved, and meanwhile, the microstructure regulating and controlling theory of the alloy steel is enriched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material structure regulation and control, and particularly relates to a structure regulation and control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals.
Background
In a metallographic structure, the intra-crystal acicular ferrite is used as a very fine and cross-interlocking lath-shaped structure, is distributed in prior austenite grains, is a thermodynamic unbalanced structure, and can refine the structure of steel and improve the strength and hardness of the steel on one hand; on the other hand, the large-angle grain boundary formed by the intra-crystal acicular ferrite can effectively prevent the crack in the steel from expanding, and improve the toughness. The ferrite structure in the crystal improves the performance of a heat affected zone in the welding process of pipeline steel, ship steel and the like, and improves the toughness level of high-quality non-adjustable steel. Therefore, it is necessary to control the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite by appropriate means.
In the prior art, an oxide metallurgy method is generally adopted to regulate and control intra-crystalline acicular ferrite, and the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite is formed in austenite grains under the induction action of fine inclusions or precipitated phases by applying a specific nonmetallic inclusion or precipitate control means. However, oxide metallurgical methods to regulate intra-crystalline acicular ferrite generally require external field treatment or specific chemical metallurgical means to achieve. For example, chinese patent application No. 202010793049.2 discloses a method for oxide metallurgically strengthening a metallic structure, which requires the induction of intra-crystalline acicular ferrite formation by a pulsed magnetic field. The external field treatment or the specific chemical metallurgy mode has higher requirements on the regulation and control of the acicular ferrite in the crystal, the preparation process is complex, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides a structure control method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals, which improves the structure of the alloy steel, improves the mechanical properties and simplifies the structure control process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a structure regulation method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals, wherein the carbon content of the alloy steel is more than 0.6wt% and the alloy element is more than 10wt%; the tissue regulation method comprises the following steps:
step S1, heating alloy steel semi-solid blank to a semi-solid temperature interval, controlling the heating temperature within 50 ℃ higher than solidus, presetting heat preservation time, and controlling the liquid phase ratio to be less than or equal to 25%;
s2, performing semi-solid forming on a press machine after the preset heat preservation time is reached to obtain a semi-solid formed part, wherein the deformation is less than or equal to 50%;
s3, cooling to room temperature from a semi-solid temperature interval after semi-solid deformation is completed, wherein the cooling speed is 0.5 ℃/S-10 ℃/S;
in the process, based on alloy carbide existing in alloy steel, the dispersed carbide is separated out in the semi-solid deformation and cooling process of the alloy steel, the intragranular acicular ferrite is induced to form a nucleus, and grows up in the cooling process, and the intragranular acicular ferrite structure is finally obtained.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semi-solid temperature interval is formulated according to the solidus temperature of the alloy steel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the semi-solid temperature range is 1200 ℃ to 1300 ℃.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for regulating and controlling the structure of the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal does not need a special chemical metallurgy or external field treatment method required by the regulation and control of the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal at present, has simple and easy treatment process, improves the structure of the material, improves the mechanical property of the material and enriches the regulation and control theory of the microstructure of the alloy steel.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product or method of practicing the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling the structure of the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining intra-crystalline acicular ferrite under the coupling effect of semi-solid deformation and cooling in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure chart of the process of forming acicular ferrite in the crystal of the M2 high-speed steel in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the structure of intra-crystalline acicular ferrite at room temperature for the preparation of M2 high-speed steel in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an EBSD orientation chart of the microstructure at room temperature of the M2 high speed steel prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the information on the size of intra-crystalline acicular ferrite at room temperature for the preparation of M2 high-speed steel in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
After finding the above problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the conventional method for controlling intra-crystalline acicular ferrite. It was found that intra-crystalline acicular ferrite as part of the metallographic structure can be regulated by starting from thermodynamic and kinetic conditions required for transformation of the structure. The semi-solid forming is used as a novel material forming process, non-dendrite semi-solid slurry is obtained by controlling the metal solidification process, and the semi-solid slurry is formed by utilizing the unique thixotropic property of the semi-solid slurry in a solid-liquid temperature range, so that the semi-solid forming process has the advantages of shortening the process flow, saving energy, realizing near-net forming and the like. Meanwhile, the material is subjected to deformation temperature, deformation mode and cooling condition different from those of traditional hot forming under the semi-solid forming process, and the solid-liquid phase structure has a unique evolution rule. Previous semi-solid forming studies have generally been developed around process development and have not been purposefully applied to the tissue manipulation of materials under semi-solid process conditions. When the alloy steel is heated to a semi-solid temperature range, the solid-liquid phase has different components and structures, so that the solid-liquid phase has different transformation rules in the subsequent cooling process, and the carbide dissolution and precipitation conditions are different. The control of deformation energy storage, supercooling form and component structure under the semi-solid deformation and cooling effect can provide thermodynamic and kinetic factors for tissue transformation, and is a feasible material tissue regulation and control means.
However, how to control the composition and content of the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite by the semi-solid forming process is not known yet, and the specific process and parameters are not known yet.
It should be noted that the above prior art solutions have all the drawbacks that the inventors have obtained after practice and careful study, and thus the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions presented below by the embodiments of the present invention for the above problems should be all contributions to the present invention by the inventors during the present invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may also be combined with each other.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and are not to be construed as merely or implying relative importance.
After the above deep analysis, the invention provides a structure regulating and controlling method for obtaining the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal, based on the semi-solid forming theory, after the high-carbon high-alloy steel is heated to a semi-solid temperature range, large-size carbide can be dissolved into austenite crystal grains, the semi-solid deformation and cooling effect can separate out dispersion carbide from the solid phase structure, and the formation of the acicular ferrite in the crystal is induced by the dispersion carbide. The invention can omit programs such as inclusion metallurgy or external field treatment, has simple and feasible regulation and control process, saves cost, and can effectively improve the organization structure of the material so as to improve the material performance.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure regulating method for obtaining the intra-crystal acicular ferrite of the alloy steel provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the intra-crystal acicular ferrite structure by regulating and controlling the semi-solid deformation and the structure evolution in the cooling process of the alloy steel. The alloy steel contains carbon of more than 0.6wt% and alloy elements of more than 10wt%, and the structure regulating and controlling method comprises the following steps:
s1, heating the alloy steel semi-solid blank to a semi-solid temperature interval, controlling the heating temperature within 50 ℃ higher than solidus, presetting heat preservation time, and controlling the liquid phase ratio to be less than or equal to 25%.
In this step, the semi-solid temperature interval is formulated according to the solidus temperature of the alloy steel. As shown in FIG. 2, the heating temperature in the conventional heat deformation process generally does not exceed the solidus temperature, and the semi-solid forming process used in this embodiment has a deformation temperature T higher than the solidus temperature T s Between solidus temperature T s And liquidus temperature T L In between, but generally within 50 ℃ above the solidus temperature, excessive temperatures cause a sharp increase in the liquid phase. Typically, the temperature is 1200 to 1300 ℃. The scheme of the embodiment is suitable for high-speed steel with higher alloy elements, various types of alloy carbides exist in the steel, and the steel has potential of inducing the nucleation of the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite through semi-solid forming and cooling process control, such as high-speed steel of M2, M42 and the like.
The present example is directed to carbon content>0.6wt% of alloying element>10wt% high carbon high alloy steel which, after heating to a semi-solid temperature range, is large size carbides (e.g. M 6 C、M 2 C) Can dissolve into the austenite grains.
And S2, after the preset heat preservation time is reached, performing semi-solid forming on a press machine to obtain a semi-solid forming workpiece, wherein the deformation is less than or equal to 50%.
In the step, pressure deformation is carried out in a semi-solid temperature interval, so that the basic shape of the workpiece is obtained. The deformation amount is not more than 50% each time, and if a large deformation amount is needed to obtain the final product shape, the final product shape can be obtained through multiple times of heating to a semi-solid temperature range, deformation and cooling, and multiple times of deformation. The temperature of the alloy steel is kept in a semi-solid temperature range all the time when the alloy steel is deformed under pressure.
And S3, cooling to room temperature from a semi-solid temperature interval after semi-solid deformation is completed, wherein the cooling speed is 0.5 ℃/S-10 ℃/S.
In the step, the alloy steel material product in the semi-solid temperature range is fixed in shape by controlling the cooling speed; the semi-solid forming process is coupled with the cooling process, and the phase formed during semi-solid forming is kept in the austenite structure in the cooling process, so that the nucleation and growth process is completed, and the intra-crystal acicular ferrite is formed. The control of the cooling rate is also a key factor for the formation of intra-crystalline acicular ferrite, and if the temperature is too fast or too slow, nucleation and growth cannot be achieved, so that intra-crystalline acicular ferrite cannot be obtained. Preferably, the cooling rate is 3 ℃/s to 8 ℃/s.
By coupling the semi-solid deformation and cooling actions of the step S2 and the step S3, based on alloy carbide existing in the alloy steel, dispersed carbide is separated out from a solid phase structure in the semi-solid deformation and cooling process of the alloy steel, most of the dispersed carbide (MC) exists in austenite grains, the mismatch degree with ferrite is low, the in-crystal acicular ferrite nucleation can be induced at a corresponding cooling speed, crystal nuclei grow in the further cooling process, and finally the in-crystal acicular ferrite structure is obtained.
The invention is illustrated in more detail below by means of several specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a structure regulation method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals, wherein the alloy steel is M2 high-speed steel, and the alloy steel is prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by mass: C0.85,W 5.71,Mo 4.71,Cr 4.03,V 1.82,Si 0.36,Mn 0.35,P 0.026,S 0.009, the balance being Fe. The solidus temperature of the material was determined to be 1229 ℃ and the liquidus temperature was 1447 ℃ by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC).
Determining a semi-solid temperature interval of 1229-1447 ℃, heating the M2 high-speed steel to 1280 ℃, preserving heat for 30 seconds, performing compression deformation with a thermal simulation pressure tester to obtain a deformation amount of 40%, and cooling a sample to room temperature at 0.5 ℃/s to obtain the M2 high-speed steel product containing the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite structure.
The in-situ observation of the obtained M2 high-speed steel part is carried out by a laser confocal microscope, so that the process of forming the intra-crystal acicular ferrite in the M2 semi-solid structure can be seen. As shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that after cooling from the semi-solid temperature interval, dispersed carbide is precipitated inside the solid phase crystal, and then intra-crystal acicular ferrite is precipitated and grown with the dispersed carbide as a core, a large number of staggered acicular ferrite bundles appear in the microstructure, and the intra-crystal acicular ferrite structure is formed at a high temperature and can be completely maintained to room temperature. As a result of the observation in fig. 4, 5 and 6, it was further confirmed that acicular ferrite was formed with a dispersed carbide as a core, and that the length and width of ferrite bundles were regular, and that the widths were approximately uniform, and that long and short ferrite bundles coexist.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a structure regulation method for obtaining acicular ferrite in alloy steel crystals, wherein the alloy steel is M42 high-speed steel, and the alloy steel is prepared from the following chemical components in percentage by mass: C1.05,W 1.45,Mo 9.71,Cr 3.53,V 1.02,Co 7.50,Si 0.36,Mn 0.35,P 0.026,S 0.009, the balance being Fe.
Heating the M42 high-speed steel to 1260 ℃, preserving heat for 30 seconds, performing compression deformation by a thermal simulation pressure tester to obtain a deformation amount of 30%, and cooling the sample to room temperature at 5 ℃/s to obtain the M42 high-speed steel product containing the intra-crystalline acicular ferrite structure.
According to the technical scheme, the structure regulating and controlling method for obtaining the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal does not need a special chemical metallurgy or external field treatment method required by the regulation and control of the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal at present, the treatment process is simple and easy to implement, the structure of the material is improved, the mechanical property of the material is improved, and meanwhile, the microstructure regulating and controlling theory of the alloy steel is enriched.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. The structure regulation and control method for obtaining the acicular ferrite in the alloy steel crystal is characterized in that the alloy steel is M42 high-speed steel, and the alloy steel is prepared by the following chemical components in percentage by mass: C1.05,W 1.45,Mo 9.71,Cr 3.53,V 1.02,Co 7.50,Si 0.36,Mn 0.35,P 0.026,S 0.009, the balance being Fe; the tissue regulation method comprises the following steps:
step S1, heating alloy steel semi-solid blank to 1260 ℃ which belongs to semi-solid temperature range, controlling heating temperature within 50 ℃ higher than solidus, wherein excessive temperature can cause rapid increase of liquid phase, presetting heat preservation time for 30S, controlling liquid phase rate to be less than or equal to 25%, and dissolving large-size carbide into austenite grains;
s2, performing semi-solid forming on a press machine after reaching a preset heat preservation time to obtain a semi-solid formed part, wherein the deformation is 30%;
and S3, cooling to room temperature at 5 ℃ per second from a semi-solid temperature interval after semi-solid deformation is completed, and obtaining the M42 high-speed steel product containing the intra-crystal acicular ferrite structure.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101910425A (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2010-12-08 | Skf公司 | A process for forming steel |
| CN108015255A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-11 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-speed tool steel |
| CN110216268A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of cooling heat treatment process of high-carbon high-alloy steel semi-solid-state shaping temperature control |
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- 2022-05-06 CN CN202210485144.5A patent/CN114990303B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101910425A (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2010-12-08 | Skf公司 | A process for forming steel |
| CN108015255A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-11 | 东北大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-speed tool steel |
| CN110216268A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-10 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of cooling heat treatment process of high-carbon high-alloy steel semi-solid-state shaping temperature control |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Yongjin Wang et al..Extremely high temperature carbide precipitation induced intragranular acicular ferrite transformation of M2 steel during semi-solid cooling.Materials Letters.2021,第第310卷卷第1-4页. * |
| 半固态变形对M2高速钢组织中碳化物的影响;刘成宇;《东北大学学报(自然科学版)》;20190227;第40卷(第2期);第192-196、223页 * |
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