WO2009056088A1

WO2009056088A1 - Motor vehicle with an interface for supplying a current consumer that is independent of a vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2009056088A1
Application number: PCT/DE2008/001612
Authority: WO
Inventors: Manfred Pfalzgraf; Uwe Düring
Original assignee: Enerday Gmbh
Priority date: 2007-10-26
Filing date: 2008-09-30
Publication date: 2009-05-07
Also published as: DE102007051362A1

Abstract

The invention relates a motor vehicle (10) comprising a fuel cell system (18) and a DC/AC converter (20) that is coupled to said fuel cell system (18), and an interface (22) that is coupled to said DC/AC converter (20) for supplying a current consumer (12), that is independent of a vehicle, with electric energy. Said interface (22) can be accessed from the outside of the motor vehicle (10) even when the doors (14), windows (14), roof (14) and the boot (14) of the car are closed. The invention also relates to a method for supplying a current consumer (12), that is independent of a vehicle, with electric energy, said electric energy being transferred from a fuel cell system (18) of a motor vehicle (10) to a DC/AC-converter (20) and from an outlet of the DC/AC converter (20) to a current consumer (12) that is independent of a vehicle, via an interface (22).

Description

Motor vehicle with interface for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer

The invention relates to a motor vehicle having a fuel cell system, a coupled to the fuel cell system DC / AC converter and coupled to the DC / AC converter interface for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer with electrical energy.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer with electrical energy, wherein electrical energy is transmitted from a fuel cell system of a motor vehicle to a DC / AC converter and from an output of the DC / AC converter via an interface to a vehicle-independent power consumer.

DE 10 2004 002 445 A1 describes an air conditioner for auxiliary air conditioning of a camping or commercial vehicle with a fuel cell arrangement. The electric power of the fuel cell assembly is used to drive a compressor of the air conditioner and is also provided by means of a DC / AC converter to a power outlet to operate at the outlet commercial power consumers can.

For example, while recreational vehicles often require the use of the power taken from the power outlet in the vehicle, such as when cooking, this generally does not apply. A motor vehicle with fuel cell system and DC / AC converter is in fact an excellent way as a mobile, off-grid AC power source. The object of the invention is to provide a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system and with a DC / AC converter coupled to the fuel row system and an interface coupled to the DC / AC converter for supplying a vehicle-independent vehicle-independent power consumer with electrical energy comfortable way serves as a mobile AC power source.

In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer with electrical energy, in which the aforementioned disadvantages do not occur or at best only in a mitigated form.

This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the generic motor vehicle in that the interface with closed vehicle doors, closed windows, closed vehicle roof, and closed trunk is accessible from the outside of the motor vehicle. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the interface is embedded in the outer skin of the motor vehicle or in an extension thereof. The interface then typically has on an inside of the outer skin or the

Mounting the connections to the DC / AC converter and on the outside of the outer skin or attachment the connection option for a connection or extension cable. The connection or extension cable can be connected to the interface via a connector part, preferably a plug. The interface then includes the counterpart to the connector part, preferably a device socket. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide the interface for supplying the vehicle-independent power consumer at the end of a led out of the vehicle skin connection cable, for example in the form of a cable socket or a cable drum. In motor vehicles of the prior art, it has been necessary to lay a connection cable of the vehicle-independent power consumer or an extension cable through a window opening, a door opening, a roof opening or a boot opening to the socket in the vehicle interior. For this purpose, either a window, a vehicle door, a roof window or a trunk lid had to be opened and left open. A gap-like opening the vehicle opening is usually not desired in several respects. On the one hand, it increases the risk that objects carried in the motor vehicle are stolen and also the danger that unauthorized persons gain access to the vehicle interior. In addition, the interior and the objects lying therein so location-dependent weather conditions - such as rain, snow, frost, dust or sand - exposed. In addition, depending on the type of construction, the opening of a window, a vehicle door or a roof window can automatically switch off a parking heater, auxiliary cooling system or auxiliary air conditioning system. But, even if the auxiliary heating, floor cooling or stationary air conditioning system does not switch off, the opening inevitably causes a poorer efficiency in the operation of the auxiliary heating, floor cooling or stationary air conditioning system. These disadvantages were mitigated in practice. ter also avoided that the connection cable was simply clamped between the fold and sealing lip of the window, the vehicle door, the roof window or trunk lid. Even if this was possible in some cases without damage to the connection cable, depending on the type of vehicle, this method can not be considered as a proper solution. For here, the user must be provided with a frequently lacking level of technical understanding, for example, so that the user does not just pin the connection cable in an unsuitable place and thus damaged. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

Preferably, the externally accessible interface is arranged in a first part of the motor vehicle, wherein the first part (46) of the motor vehicle (10) comprises a part of the vehicle electrical system which operates independently of the fuel cell system. Thus existing cable guides and the like can be used.

In a further preferred embodiment, a second part of the motor vehicle protects the externally accessible interface against an environmental influence.

In a further preferred embodiment, the externally accessible interface can be made accessible from the outside by folding, pushing, turning, screwing, pressing or touching a third part of the motor vehicle.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the vehicle-independent power consumer is at the interface with a normal household voltage and. Rated frequency supplied. This is typically done at 117V, 230V, 240V or 400V with AC or AC. The frequency can be 50Hz or 60Hz, for example.

The connection cable, which have the most common vehicle-independent power consumers, is usually too short for use on a vehicle-mounted socket, so that the user must carry an extension cable to operate the handeis usual vehicle-independent power consumers. The need to carry an extension cord results in a number of problems: For example, the user may forget to take the extension cord with them, especially if they have previously used it for a stationary use case. In addition, commercially available extension cables are designed as a precaution for a maximum voltage drop on the cable length and / or for a high maximum power consumption. This requires a line cross-section, which - in relation to a planned maximum electrical output of the DC / AC converter - represents a significant oversizing. The result is that an unnecessarily strong and thus unnecessarily expensive, heavy and space-consuming extension cable is carried. The high weight and the large footprint of the extension cable also adversely affect the driving characteristics of the loaded motor vehicle and the fuel consumption of the motor vehicle. In addition, the extension cable causes a large voltage drop at long line lengths and at the same time high currents. This can have the consequence that a connected vehicle-independent power consumer is not working properly or only with a poor efficiency. If a commercial item is to be used It is not possible to ensure that the extension cord is actually used by the user for an extension cord that is suitable and approved for outdoor use. A commercially available cable laid outdoors can pose a significant accident risk as a foot hinge. If someone stumbles over it, in addition to the risk of injury, there is also the risk of damage to the cable. A damaged in this way extension cable is another security risk. Depending on the application are between vehicle-independent power consumers and

Motor vehicle to transmit measurement, control and / or communication signals. To achieve this in conventional technology, either a power grid LAN adapter must be used. Or at least one additional cable or radio connection must be set up outdoors. Both have well-known disadvantages. In a further preferred embodiment, therefore, the motor vehicle comprises an intermediate cable in addition to a vehicle-mounted power source. The intermediate cable is intended to be electrical between the power source and the vehicle-independent power consumers

Transfer energy. The intermediate cable has a design feature that serves a motor vehicle-specific adaptation of the vehicle-mounted power source to the vehicle-bound power consumers. A non-exhaustive list of some examples will now explain which advantageous motor vehicle-specific design features the intermediate cable may have. For example, it can be ensured by a mechanical coding, in particular with springs (projections) and grooves, that the user uses an intermediate cable which is suitable and approved for the motor vehicle and for the exterior. In particular, the intermediate cable can be a signal-colored rubber, silicone or plastic insulation with watertight transitions between connecting parts and intermediate cables. All connecting parts - in particular the connection between the intermediate cable and the vehicle-mounted power source - should at least be splash-proof. The intermediate cable can be designed so that the plug detaches as soon as someone stumbles over the intermediate cable. In addition, the intermediate cable can be constructed such that it can carry measurement, control and / or communication signals between the vehicle-independent power consumer and the motor vehicle. In the aforementioned embodiments, the intermediate cable may have a standardized (downward compatible) plug, so that the intermediate cable can optionally also be used as a "normal" extension cable. Alternatively, an adapter with a standardized plug can be offered for the intermediate cable. The cross section of the intermediate cable may be designed for the maximum power output of the vehicle-mounted power source. This means that a smaller cable cross-section can be selected without risk and space and weight saved. In this embodiment, the should

For safety reasons, intermediate cables must be connected directly to the vehicle-mounted power source. Or it should not have a backward compatible plug to the vehicle-mounted power source, so it can not be used as a "normal" extension cable. The intermediate cable can also be designed to be specific to a motor vehicle in that, with a measuring signal, it sends back the output voltage supplied to the current consumer at the cable end in digital or analog form to the current source. The current source can then use this information to compensate for the voltage drop on the intermediate cable, for example by adjusting the output voltage to the cable beginning. In an advantageous embodiment, a cable drum for rolling up and storing a part of an intermediate cable with the motor vehicle and / or with the vehicle-bound power source is firmly connected. So can the

Functionality and compatibility of the entire arrangement, including intermediate cable and cable drum, in particular, be ensured even if the power source is constructed in the form of a replaceable power supply module. The cable drum can also be firmly connected to the motor vehicle. In order to store the intermediate cable, a cable reel that is suitable for the motor vehicle is kept constantly in the vicinity of the motor vehicle. The cable drum can not easily get lost then. Furthermore, it is possible to perform the cable drum as a device drum. Such a cable drum remains with the intermediate cable unrolled in the vehicle, and the cable termination is then typically a cable socket. The device drum may be disposed within the vehicle, wherein the cable through a cable gland or a

Pipe is laid extendable to a location accessible to the outside of the motor vehicle. In the retracted state of the intermediate cable, the cable socket is stored at this point. The user can pull the intermediate cable out of the cable gland or pipe by pulling on the cable or on the cable socket.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cable drum has a mechanism for automatically rolling up the intermediate cable. The mechanism may comprise a spring and / or a motor - in particular an electric motor - for the automatic rolling. Furthermore, the mechanism as a retraction lock a pawl and / or a clutch - in particular a one-way clutch - include.

It is particularly advantageous if a special plug connection is provided between the DC / AC converter and a part of the intermediate cable in order to avoid a risk of confusion with cables and / or cable drums of other vehicles.

Advantageously, the fuel cell system is part of a heating or cooling system, in particular a parking heater system and / or a parking cooling system. In order for a part of the devices that are required anyway for the parking heater or the cooling system, be used for the supply of vehicle-independent power consumers. This synergy leads to cost, weight and space savings. The fuel cell system is advantageous in terms of low specific power-to-weight ratio, low noise and short refueling time. The short refueling time is due to the on-board conversion of the fuel-bound energy into electrical energy.

The fuel cell system preferably comprises a backup battery, which is provided to supply the vehicle-independent power consumer with electrical energy already in a start-up phase of the fuel cell system. Thus, the user of the vehicle-independent power supply can be provided without delay electrical energy even if the power source is based essentially on a fuel cell technology.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the vehicle-bound motor vehicle can be designed to the vehicle-mounted electricity consumers also while driving with electrical energy to supply. For example, a cool box, a TV or a microwave oven can be operated while driving.

In addition, an intermediate cable may be configured to transmit measurement, switching and / or communication signals between the DC / AC converter and the interface accessible from the exterior of the motor vehicle. This can, for example, in the vehicle and / or in a

Cable end device arranged parts switched, controlled and / or monitored.

A further embodiment provides that an intermediate cable between the DC / AC converter and the interface accessible from the outside of the motor vehicle is intended to transmit electrical energy substantially potential-free. Thus, the risk of injury is reduced by an electric shock even in the event that the vehicle body - is grounded - for example, via another additional connection cable.

In a further embodiment, a wireless remote control device is provided with a transmitter and a matching receiver for remotely controlling parts located in the motor vehicle and / or in a cable terminal. Advantageously, an existing radio or infrared remote control for a vehicle heating or vehicle air conditioning device can be used for this purpose.

Typically, cable termination devices - such as cable couplings, power strips or cable reels (without cables) - are designed to supply electrical power from a power source receive via a cable and provide the electrical energy to a power consumer connected to the cable end device. This object can also be achieved in that the motor vehicle comprises a Kabelend- device, which is intended to receive via an intermediate cable electrical energy from the DC / AC converter and to provide the electrical energy to the vehicle-independent power consumers, wherein the transmission of electrical Energy in the intermediate cable with a higher frequency than between the cable end device and the power consumer. As much higher is here by at least 100%, in particular a designated by at least 400% higher frequency. The advantage of such a cable end device is, for example, that - assuming the same transmission power - a transformer or AC / AC converter due to the higher operating frequency much more compact, lighter, space-saving and cost-effective can be constructed -. This object can also be achieved in that the motor vehicle comprises a cable end device, which is intended to receive electrical energy from the DC / AC converter via an intermediate cable and to provide the electrical energy to the vehicle-independent power consumer, wherein the transmission of the electrical Energy in the intermediate cable with a much higher voltage than between the cable end device and the power consumer. As much higher is here by at least 20%, in particular a designated by at least 50% higher voltage. The advantage of such a cable end device is that the same electrical power can be transmitted over a smaller cable cross section. As a result, significantly less metal (copper or aluminum) is required, especially for long cable lengths over 40 m. Because of the higher Transmission voltage must be provided to compensate for the Leitungsungs- kererschnittverringerung better insulation. With insulation materials available today, this can be achieved cost-effectively, and also without accepting too large an insulation cross section. In addition to a safety factor, the cable insulation must be designed for the peak value of the transmission voltage. If the electrical energy in the intermediate cable is transmitted with alternating current of higher voltage, the cable end device typically comprises a transformer for step-down. However, it may also be advantageous to use DC higher voltage for the transmission to the cable end device and to provide a DC / AC converter in the cable end device. Because so the electrical energy is always transmitted on the intermediate cable with the peak voltage. Thus, the line insulation, plus the safety factor, only on the simple - and not as in alternating current to the root 2 times - the effective voltage must be designed. A DC power supply also has the advantage that requirements for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) can be met with less shielding effort. Particularly advantageous is an embodiment of the cable end device in the form of a cable drum with at least one socket for connecting a household appliance or a tool, wherein the transformer or the DC / AC converter is surrounded and protected by the tubular winding housing of the cable drum.

The cable termination device may comprise a receiver - in particular a radio, infrared or ultrasonic receiver which is suitable for the wireless remote control device. The invention is based on the generic method in that the interface with closed vehicle doors, closed windows, closed vehicle roof, and closed trunk is accessible from the outside of the motor vehicle.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the vehicle-independent power consumer is supplied with electrical energy from a backup battery of the power source in a starting phase of the vehicle-mounted power source.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method of the vehicle-independent power consumers of the vehicle-mounted power source is also supplied while driving with electrical energy.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the electrical energy is supplied via an intermediate cable between the DC / AC converter and that of the outer region of the

Motor vehicle transmitted from the accessible interface, wherein the transmission of electrical energy in the intermediate cable with a higher voltage and / or at a higher frequency than between the accessible from the outer region of the motor vehicle from the interface and the power consumer.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of particularly preferred embodiments.

Show it: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle according to the invention and a vehicle-independent power consumer, which is connected to the motor vehicle;

Figure 2 is a schematic not to scale side view of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with a plurality of externally accessible interfaces for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration, not to scale, of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with a multiplicity of externally accessible interfaces for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer;

Figure 4 is a schematic not to scale to the rear of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with a plurality of externally accessible interfaces for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumers;

Figure 5 is a schematic detail not to scale of the vehicle rear of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with an hidden behind a movable license plate holder interface;

6 is a schematic, not to scale, sectional view of the rear of the vehicle or of the vehicle front of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with a connected end cable of the vehicle-independent power consumer in the area of an hidden behind a movable license plate holder interface;

Figure 7 is a schematic not to scale side view of another embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention with a cable end device and a vehicle-independent power consumers.

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a motor vehicle according to the invention 10 and a vehicle-independent power consumer 12, which is connected to the motor vehicle 10 is closed. The motor vehicle 10 comprises inter alia an outer skin 14 made of metal or plastic, four wheels 16, a fuel cell system 18, a DC / AC converter 20 and an electrical and mechanical interface 22 fastened in the outer skin 14. First electrical lines 24 are intended to to supply electrical energy to the DC / AC converter 20 from an output terminal of the fuel cell system 18. The DC / AC converter 20 is provided to at least partially convert this electrical energy into alternating or three-phase current and to supply it to the interface 22 via second electrical lines 26. The interface 22 serves as an electrical and mechanical interface for the plug 28 of a connecting cable 30 of the vehicle-independent power consumer 12. To illustrate a power consumer 12, a vacuum cleaner with vacuum cleaner housing 32, vacuum cleaner hose 34, vacuum cleaner nozzle 36 and handle 38 is shown schematically in the figure. FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view, not to scale, of an embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with a multiplicity of externally accessible interfaces 22 for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer 12. As a rule, the motor vehicle 10 will have the interface 22 only at one or a few of the locations shown. The illustrated locations where the interface 22 can be advantageously arranged are: front bumper 40, a front or side lighting element 42, a genuine or simulated vent slot 44, and a side rearview mirror 46. The interface 22 may also be provided in a vehicle door 48 a window pane 50 behind the A-pillar 52, be secured behind the window in front of the B-pillar 54 or in the region of a handle shell 56. Furthermore, the interface 22 can also be mounted in the B-pillar 54, for example in front of a rear side window 58, behind the rear side window 58 in the C-pillar 60 or under the rear side window 58 under a cover flap 62 Most other of the above-mentioned mounting locations, a cover flap 62 may be provided for the interface 22.

Preferred mounting locations in the rear section may be the rear bumper 64, a rear lighting element 66, and a wiper motor housing 68 for the wiper blade carrier 70. Particularly suitable locations for the arrangement of the interface 22 are roof structures such as a roof antenna, an advertising sign support 72, a roof luggage box 74. The interface 22 can also be integrated in a mounting strut 76 of such a roof structure 72, 74.

Some locations, such as the socket of a trailer Coupling 78 are particularly suitable because here are laid for other reasons electrical lines. The side mirror 46 as a mounting location has the additional advantage that it is located in a comfortable working height and in the field of vision of the driver.

The interface 22 may be realized by a modified trailer socket of the motor vehicle. This has two groups of electrical contacts. The first group of electrical contacts serve the conventional DC voltage supply of a trailer. The second group of electrical contacts provides an AC voltage for a conventional AC consumer. The trailer socket has for this purpose a geometry that allows the mechanical see coupling with a trailer plug or with a plug of an AC consumer and prevents incorrect electrical contact.

The connector on the connection cable 30 of a trailer and the interface 22 may be formed so that the trailer when plugging in the connector of the trailer hitch 78 of the trailer in the same operation is also connected to the power supply from the interface 22. The thus formed plug 28 may have a second group of contacts for this purpose. Preferably, the educated connector 28 is to the usual trailer hitches socket for conventional DC power supply downwardscompatibe1. Preferably, the motor vehicle-side part of the interface 22 is formed downwardly compatible. This means that it is possible to operate on the motor vehicle 10 a trailer with DC voltage supply and the hitherto customary trailer cable plug which contacts only the DC voltage contacts of the trailer cable plugs. advantage. It is also possible to provide the trailer cable with a second connector 28 and form the trailer cable 30 as a double or Y-cable. Thus, the trailer can serve as a current consumer 12 for the AC or three-phase current provided at the interface 22. Another possibility is that the trailer also has an interface 22 corresponding interface. The trailer can thus forward the energy provided to it at the interface 22 to the corresponding interface on the trailer, in order to supply thereto a current consumer connected to it with electrical energy, namely optionally with direct or alternating voltage.

Since another group of contacts for supply of the trailer with alternating or three-phase increases the cost of materials for connectors 22, 28 and connecting cable 30. Therefore, the following embodiment is advantageous. By mechanical or electronic coding, a motor vehicle-side part of the interface 22 determines whether a trailer for alternating or three-phase power supply is connected to the trailer hitch 78. If so, the motor vehicle side portion of interface 22 converts operation from a first conventional DC mode to a second AC and AC mode. For this purpose, the motor vehicle-side part of the interface 22 evaluates motor vehicle-internal signals for brake lights, direction indicators and rear lights, etc., and provides them in coded form on a first subset of contacts of a socket with conventional rather geometry. In a corresponding manner, the trailer can process self-generated signals and transmit them to the motor vehicle-side part of the interface 22. For the transmission of coded signals in one or both Transmission directions may be a "data-over-power" data transmission technique, such as known as a power grid LAN adapter and described in US7170405B2. The alternating or three-phase current for energy transfer is on a second

Subset of contacts the same socket provided with conventional geometry. The first and second subgroups can have a common intersection or even be identical.

Thus, the energy transfer with alternating or three-phase current with a low effective voltage of, for example 12V, 24V, 48V or 72V done by a transformer or by an AC / AC converter in the trailer to a common nominal voltage of 117V, 230V, 240V or 400V to be transformed.

In order to avoid the need for a high transformation or to transmit higher power to the trailer, the AC or three-phase current can also be transmitted to trailers with 117V, 230V, 240V or 400V or even higher voltage. Known design improvements in material selection and moisture protection provide for the required voltage and creep current strength of the connection cable 30 and the connector 22, 28. The motor vehicle-side 22 and / or the trailer-side connector part 28 preferably each have a downward-compatible geometry. By Ü monitoring devices such as a loop, short circuit, open circuit, resistance and / or a fault current protection circuit can be ensured that the first part of the interface 22 in the event of failure, the AC or three-phase power supply to the connecting cable 30 immediately interrupts, in particular switches to the conventional operating mode. Irrespective of this, a potential-free transmission of the AC or rotary voltage can ensure that the contact of a single current-carrying conductor of the connecting cable 30 is harmless. In the connection cable 30, a conductor can be carried for monitoring, the loop current or insulation is monitored continuously, so that damage to the outer insulation at the first start after damage and also during operation is recognized immediately. The Ü monitoring device is to provide that it interrupts the AC or three-phase power supply to the connecting cable 30 immediately in case of failure, in particular switches to the conventional mode.

For the fact that the driver does not go away without first removing the connection cable 30 from the interface 22, the interface 22 may be arranged in the driver's entry area. The disadvantage is then that the driver's entry is usually on the road side, so e- her not where the operation of a vehicle-independent power consumer 12 seems advisable. For these reasons, it may be more expedient to provide the interface 22 on the front side of the motor vehicle 10, in particular when no trailer is to be supplied with alternating or three-phase current.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic, not to scale, front view of an embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with a large number of externally accessible elements

Interfaces 22 for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer 12. Under the windshield 80 is a radiator hood 82 and a radiator grille 84. Unter the grille 84, the interface 22 is attached. At least one of the slot-shaped openings 86 has such a large gap width that a user can insert here a flat plug 28, for example a Euro plug 28, and plug it into the interface 22. The interface 22 should be provided with a cover against pollution especially in the front area, the wind, dust and insect flying is exposed.

To camouflage the external accessibility of the interface 22, a license plate holder 88 may advantageously be included for coverage. For this purpose, the license plate holder can be attached to the motor vehicle 10 with a hinge, so that it can be folded forward like a door.

In the preferred embodiment shown in the figure, the license plate holder 88 can be turned upwards by an axis 90 by up to 10 °, 15 ° or 20 ° with a force of 100 p to 200 p (see double arrow 92 in FIG Figure). This embodiment has the advantage that the license plate 110 mounted thereon can still be read even when the license plate holder 88 is in a position 94 which makes the interface 22 accessible. In addition, the risk of injury is less than in a license plate holder 88 which protrudes in the unfolded position 94. The effort required to spin up is limited by means of the constructive measures known to those skilled in the above range of force, and that for all subordinate environmental conditions of the

Motor vehicle 10.

If it was forgotten, the license plate holder 88 in the Closed position 94 to turn back manually, the rotatable license plate holder 88 can move back to larger bumps due to uneven ground again automatically in the horizontal starting position. A stop 96 fastened to the motor vehicle 10 prevents rotation of the license plate holder 88 beyond the horizontal position.

A third attachment possibility is that the license plate holder 88 is positively mounted and pushed back and forth between a parallel pair of upper and lower guide rails. The license plate holder 88 can then be pushed aside like a sliding window to release access to the interface 22.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic non-scale rear view of an embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with a multiplicity of externally accessible interfaces 22 for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer 12. The rear window has the reference numeral 98.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic view, not to scale, of the vehicle rear of an embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with an interface hidden behind a movable license plate holder 88. Here, the license plate holder 88 forms the middle movable member mounted on a motor vehicle 10 parallelogram-like four-bar linkage with the pivot bearings 100 and 102. The two mounting tabs 104 are rotatably mounted on the motor vehicle 10 with two different pivot bearings 100. The number plate holder 88 is provided with one each different pivot bearings 102 rotatably mounted on two mounting tabs 104. The reference numeral 106 denotes the pivot bearing 102 in the raised position 94 of the license plate holder 88. This fourth mounting option has the advantage that the license plate holder 88 in any possible final and intermediate position - ie in particular in the open, high-rotated position 94 - remains aligned horizontally. For an even better readability of a mounted on the license plate holder 88 indicator 110 in the intermediate positions and the open end position 94 is given. The pivot bearings are arranged so that the mounting tabs 104 are covered by the license plate holder 88 in each end and intermediate position of the license plate holder 88.

On the back of the license plate holder 88, a permanently elastic sealing ring 108 is arranged, which protects the interface 22 in a closed position of the license plate holder 88 largely against environmental influences such as moisture, dust and sand. On the vehicle skin 14 may be mounted in the region of the interface 22, a protective surface made of a scratch-resistant plastic or metal. By moving the sealing ring 108 caused ugly and rust-prone scratch marks on the vehicle skin 14 are thus avoided.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic view, not to scale, of the vehicle rear or the vehicle front of an embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with a connected connecting cable 30 of the vehicle-independent power consumer 12 in the area of an interface 22 hidden behind a movable license plate holder 88 License plate 110 attached. If the license plate holder 88 from the same Material as the sealing ring 108 is made, both parts can be made as a one-piece molding 88, 108. The upper 112 and especially the lower 114 sealing lip of the sealing ring 108 have on their respective upper side a flank 116 and 118, which drops in a direction away from the license plate holder 88 downward direction. This ensures that not much dirt or sand can accumulate on the projection formed by the sealing ring 108. The reference numeral 120 denotes beads which form on the sealing lip 114 when it is exposed to a higher contact pressure in the region of the connection cable 30 than in the remaining regions and is therefore compressed there in an increased manner.

The vehicle skin 14 is formed in the region of the interface 22 by a convex shape to a cavity 122. The cavity 122 has on its rear side an opening in which the interface 22 is arranged. An underside of the cavity 122 is formed with a flank 124 sloping towards the exterior of the motor vehicle 10, so that not much dirt or sand can accumulate there.

The strain relief fastened at the end of the connecting cable 30 plug 28 can be plugged into a socket 126 of the interface 22 and pulled out of the socket 126 by pulling on the plug 28 or cable 30 again. Reference numeral 128 shows a contact pin of the plug 28. The socket 126 is fixed in the cavity 122, obliquely. This ensures that in the openings for insertion pins 130 no dirt or sand accumulates. Preferably, the socket 126 of the interface 22 is arranged so that their contact springs are not arranged below a respective axis of the contact pin opening 128, but above the contact pin opening 128. This prevents dirt or sand from accumulating under the contact springs, which affects the socket function.

At a higher position, ie working height of the interface 22, the socket 126 may also be mounted vertically in the cavity 122. In general, it is more advantageous to arrange the socket 126 in the cavity 122 neither horizontally nor vertically, but obliquely. This has in addition to the advantage of better accessibility the advantage that the plug 28 can be pulled out by non-perpendicular train on the connecting cable 30. The static friction of the plug 28 in the socket 126 of the interface 22 is 100 p to 200 p. If the driver drives off without thinking of previously removing the plug 28 from the receptacle 126, and if the power consumer 12 is approximately stationally fixed, the following will happen. First, the connection cable 30 is stretched. Finally, a tensile force in the order of (100 p to 200 p) times cos phi is exerted on the connection cable 30, wherein the angle phi designates the installation angle of the socket 126 with respect to the direction to the current consumer 12. By tensioning the connection cable 30, a lifting force is exerted on a lower edge of the license plate holder 88. Thus, the license plate holder 88 is raised. Thus, the connection cable 30 and the license plate holder 88 are not damaged, the license plate holder 88 is not sharp on its underside in the area of the interface 22, but he has there a rounded edge 130. Finally, the static friction of the plug 28 is overcome in the socket 126 and the connection cable 30 pulled out of the socket 126 The limitation of the tensile force reduces a risk of injury to third parties and a risk of damage to the connecting cable 30, the power consumer 12 and other devices in the vicinity of the connecting cable 30.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic, not to scale side view of a further embodiment of the motor vehicle 10 according to the invention with a cable end device 132 and a vehicle-independent current consumer 12.

The motor vehicle 10 comprises a power source 136, an intermediate cable 148, 150 and the cable end device 132. The motor vehicle 10 has a receptacle 134 for a power supply module 136. The power supply module 136 comprises a fuel cell system 18 and a backup battery 138 and serves as a current source 136 for the power consumer 12. The backup battery 138 is used to support a startup of the fuel cell system 18. At the power source 136 can 12 as a power consumer 12 a commercial tool or Domestic appliance 12, for example, a microwave oven 12 are operated with 120 V, 230 V or 240 V AC or with 400 V three-phase. For this purpose, the power consumer 12 is connected in the usual way with a connection cable 30 to the cable end device 132. The cable end device 132 shown by way of example in the figure is essentially a cable drum 140 (cable reel) or cable box with at least one socket 126 (not shown in this figure) for receiving a plug 28 of the connection cable 30 (not shown in this figure) The cable drum 140 is rotatably mounted on a curved tube which serves as a handle 142, foot 144 and axis 146 at the same time. By turning the cable drum 140, a second part 150 of the two-part Intermediate cable 148, 150 wound on a tubular winding mandrel 152 of the cable drum 140 or unwound from him.

With regard to FIG. 7, the socket 126 (not shown in the figure) can be regarded as an interface 22 on the cable terminal device 132. Seen in this way, the intermediate cable 148, 150 corresponds to the second lines 26, which are arranged here, however, not in the interior, but in the outer space of the vehicle 10.

In an advantageous embodiment, the cable drum 140 has a mechanism for automatically rolling up the second part 150 of the intermediate cable 148, 150. The mechanism for the automatic rolling up can comprise a spring and / or a motor-in particular an electric motor. Furthermore, the mechanism as a retraction lock a pawl and / or a clutch - in particular a one-way clutch - include.

The transmission of the electrical energy to the cable end device 132 via the two-part intermediate cable 148, 150. The first part 148 of the intermediate cable 148, 150 is fixedly connected by means of a strain relief 154 with the power source 136. The power source 136 has a storage space

156 for receiving the intermediate cable 148, 150 and the cable end 132 on. The second part 150 of the intermediate cable 148, 150 is connected to the first part 148 via a socket 158 (intermediate socket) and a matching plug 160 (adapter). The first part 148 of the intermediate cable 148, 150 is mechanically attached to the strain relief to the intermediate socket 158. The second part 150 of the intermediate cable 148, 150 is for strain relief mechanically attached to the intermediate connector 160.

In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate plug 160 is only inserted into the intermediate socket 158 in order to reduce the risk of accidents. It is not screwed to the intermediate socket 158 and also not mechanically attached to the intermediate socket 158, the cable 148 or motor vehicle 10 in any other way. The intermediate plug 160 and the intermediate socket 158 are designed by the expert known constructive measures so that the separation of the intermediate plug 160 of the intermediate socket 158 to be overcome force - taking into account different environmental influences such as dust and temperature changes - reliably reproducible between 100 p and 200 p is. The tensile strengths of the intermediate cable 148, 150 and the strain reliefs of intermediate socket 158 and adapter 150 are much larger. The static friction to be overcome between intermediate plug 160 and intermediate plug socket 158 is so small that a user can disconnect the same with bare hands by pulling adapter plug 160 and intermediate plug socket 158 apart. If a user holds the intermediate socket 158 and the intermediate connector 160 in different hands, he can thus easily pull the intermediate connector 158 with its own power from the intermediate socket 160. On the other hand, the plug connection 158, 160 and the second part 150 of the intermediate cable 148, 150 are constructed such that the weight of the length of the cable end 162 hanging down to the ground would certainly not suffice for the static friction of the plug connection 158,

160 to overcome and pull the intermediate connector 160 from the intermediate socket 158. In addition, the intermediate socket 158 is deliberately not stiff at the power source 136 is attached, but movably over the first part 148 of the intermediate cable 148, 150. This ensures that when tripping over the intermediate cable 148, 150, the entire tensile force in the direction of movement of the intermediate plug 160 in the socket 158 comes into effect and not completely or partially intercepted by lateral forces. Among other things, these measures are intended to considerably reduce the risk of accidents due to the intermediate cable 148, 150 suspended from the current source 136.

To transfer the electrical energy, the intermediate cable 148, 150 comprises at least two wires which are sufficiently isolated for a voltage of more than 1000 V, in particular more than 5000 V. To further reduce the risk of injury, the transmission of the electrical energy on the intermediate cable 148, 150 can be substantially potential-free with respect to remaining metal parts of the motor vehicle 10 and with respect to externally accessible metal parts of the cable end device 132. To further reduce the risk of injury may be provided between one of the live wires and the metal parts of the motor vehicle 10 and / or an externally accessible metal part of the cable end 132, a high resistance, whereby the user when touching a defective wire of the intermediate cable 148, 150 on safe Is warned by an "electrifying feeling". As an alternative or additional measure, a loop, short-circuit, open-circuit, resistance and / or fault current protection circuit can be provided, which immediately interrupts the power supply to the intermediate cable 148, 150 in the corresponding fault.

In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate cable 148, 150 can be used over separate or even the same wires for the direct transmission of data - for example, Ethernet data at 100 Mbit / s. For the connection of data terminal devices, such as a PC, data plug sockets, for example according to RJ45, may be attached to the cable terminal device 132 (not shown in the figure).

In a preferred embodiment, a toroidal transformer 166 is arranged in a cavity 164 of the tubular winding mandrel 152, which is intended to transform the transmission voltage in the intermediate cable 148, 150, in particular to downsize. The annular core of the toroidal transformer 166 may have a circular, oval or rectangular cross-section, the annular core preferably being completely interrupted at precisely one location radially to its major axis with a narrow air gap. In addition, in the cavity 164 further electrical devices may be accommodated, such as measuring, control, communication or power supply devices, for example an AC / DC or AC / AC converter. If the electrical energy for supplying the power consumer 12 on the intermediate cable 148, 150 is transmitted with a DC voltage, a DC / AC converter (not shown in this figure) is required at the location of the cable terminal 132, which is also in the cavity 164 can be arranged. The toroidal transformer 166 may be part of this DC / AC converter. Depending on the embodiment, the DC / AC converter 20 may also be arranged in the cable end device 132.

In a preferred embodiment, weatherproof display elements 168 and operating elements are provided on the cable end device 132. Elements 170 attached. The display elements 168 may be used to set and operate states of the intermediate cable 148, 150, the motor vehicle 10, the power source 136, a heating or cooling system, the cable end device 132, the connection cable 30, the power consumer 12 or the wireless remote control device 176 explained below display. The controls 170 may serve to select or configure modes of operation of the aforementioned devices.

In a preferred further development, a wireless remote control device 176 is provided that has display elements 172 and / or operating elements 174. The remote control device 176 is connected to the cable end device 132 via a wireless radio, infrared or ultrasonic connection 178 by means of suitable transmitting and receiving devices. Thus, even in adverse weather conditions - such as sand or snow storms - comfortable monitoring and operation is possible without having to build the cable end device 132 in the inhabited area.

In a preferred development, the arrangement shown in the figure can also be operated while driving. For this purpose, the connecting cable 30 of the power consumer 12 from the passenger compartment through an opening 180 in the

Storage space 156 for the cable end 132 out and plugged into the (not shown in the figure) outlet 126 of the cable end 132.

In a preferred refinement, the backup battery 138 of the current source 136 is used not only to supply the current source 136 with electrical energy in a start phase of the current source 136, but also to supply the current source 136 vehicle-independent power consumers 12 in the start phase of the power source 136 to provide electrical energy.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawing and in the claims may be essential to the realization of the invention either individually or in any combination.

List of reference numbers:

10 motor vehicle

12 power consumers 14 outer skin of the motor vehicle

16 wheels

18 fuel cell system

20 DC / AC converter 22 interface 24 first electrical lines

26 second electrical lines

28 plug

30 connection cables

32 Vacuum cleaner housing 34 Vacuum cleaner hose

36 vacuum cleaner nozzle

38 vacuum cleaner handle

40 front bumper

42 front or side lighting element 44 ventilation slots

46 side rearview mirror

48 vehicle door

50 Window 52 A-pillar 54 B-pillar

56 handle shell

58 rear side window

60 C column

62 cover flap 64 rear bumper

66 rear lighting element

68 windscreen wiper motor housing

70 wiper blade carrier 72 advertising sign carrier

74 roof luggage box

76 Roof rack spar

78 Towbar 80 Windshield

82 radiator hood

84 radiator grille

86 ventilation slots

88 License plate holder 90 Axis

92 Rotatability of license plate holder

94 Position of the rotated license plate holder

96 stop

100 mounted on the motor vehicle pivot bearing 102 mounted on the license plate holder pivot bearing

104 fastening strap

106 mounted on the license plate holder pivot bearing in open position

108 sealing ring 110 number plate

112 upper sealing lip of the license plate holder 88th

114 lower sealing lip of the license plate holder 88th

116 oblique flank on upper sealing lip 112th

118 inclined flank on lower sealing lip 114 120 bead

122 cavity

124 lower edge of the cavity

126 socket

128 pins 130 lower edge of the license plate holder 88

132 cable end device

134 Recording for power supply module

136 Power module, power source 138 backup battery

140 cable drum 142 handle

144 feet 146 axis

148 first part of the Anschlusskabeis

150 second part of the connection cable

152 mandrel

154 Strain relief 156 Storage space

158 Intermediate socket 160 Intermediate plug

162 hanging cable end

164 Cavity in cable end device 132 166 Toroidal transformer

168 display elements on cable end device

170 controls on cable end device

172 display elements on the remote control device

174 Remote Control Unit Controls 176 Remote Control Unit

178 Wireless connection (radio, infrared, sound)

180 opening

Claims

1. motor vehicle (10) with a fuel cell system

(18), a DC / AC converter (20) coupled to the fuel cell system (18) and an interface (22) coupled to the DC / AC converter (20) for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer (12) with electrical energy , characterized in that the interface (22) with closed vehicle doors (48), closed windows (50), closed vehicle roof (14), and closed trunk (14) from the outside of the motor vehicle (10) is accessible.

2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the externally accessible interface (22) in a first part (46) of the motor vehicle (10) is arranged, wherein the first part (46) of the motor vehicle (10) nen part the vehicle electrical system that operates independently of the fuel cell system.

3. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a second part (62) of the motor vehicle (10) protects the externally accessible interface (22) against an environmental influence.

4. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the externally accessible interface (22) made accessible by folding, sliding, turning, screwing, pressing or touching a third part (88) of the motor vehicle (10) from the outside becomes.

5. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the externally accessible from the outside of the motor vehicle interface (22) is intended to provide the vehicle-independent power consumers (12) with a nominal household voltage and a common household frequency, in particular with 120V, 230V, 240V or with 400V, or with 50Hz or 60Hz.

6. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the motor vehicle (10) comprises a vehicle-mounted power source (136) and an intermediate cable (148, 150), which is intended to be between the power source (136) and the vehicle-independent Electricity consumers (12) to transmit electrical energy, wherein the intermediate cable (148, 150) has a design feature (166), which is a motor vehicle-specific adaptation of the vehicle-mounted power source (136) to the vehicle-powered power consumers (12).

7. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a cable drum (140) for rolling up and storing a part (150) of an intermediate cable (148, 150) with the motor vehicle (10) and / or with the vehicle-mounted power source ( 136) is firmly connected.

8. Motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the cable drum (140) comprises a mechanism for automatically rolling up the intermediate cable (150).

9. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that to avoid a risk of confusion with cables and / or cable drums of other driving between the DC / AC converter (20) and a part (150) of the intermediate cable (148, 150) a special connector (158, 160) is provided.

10. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fuel cell system (18) is part of a heating and / or a cooling system, in particular a parking heater or a standing cooling system is.

11. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fuel cell system (18) comprises a backup battery (138) which is intended to the vehicle-independent power consumers (12) in a start phase of the fuel cell system (136) with electrical energy supply.

12. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the vehicle-mounted motor vehicle (10) is provided to supply the vehicle-bound power consumers (12) while driving with electrical energy.

13. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 12, character- ized in that an intermediate cable (148, 150) between the DC / AC converter (20) and from the outside of the motor vehicle from accessible interface (22) is provided for this purpose To transmit measurement, switching and / or communication signals (178).

14. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an intermediate cable (148, 150) between the DC / AC converter (20) and the of the Außenbe- rich of the motor vehicle from the accessible interface (22) is intended to transmit electrical energy substantially potential-free.

15. A motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a transmitter and a matching receiver of a wireless remote control device (176) is provided in the motor vehicle (10) and / or arranged in a cable end device (132) parts fernzu- Taxes.

16. Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the motor vehicle (10) comprises a cable end device (132) which is provided, via an intermediate cable (148, 150) electrical energy from the DC / AC converter ( 20) and to provide the electrical energy to a vehicle-independent power consumer (12), wherein the transmission of electrical energy in the intermediate cable (148, 150) at a higher frequency and / or a substantially higher voltage than between the cable end device (132) and the electricity consumer (12).

17. Motor vehicle according to claim 16, characterized in that the cable termination device (132) comprises the receiver to a transmitter of the wireless remote control device (176) according to claim 16.

18. A method for supplying a vehicle-independent power consumer (12) with electrical energy, wherein electrical energy from a fuel cell system (18) of a motor vehicle (10) to a DC / AC converter (20) and from an output of the DC / AC converter Converter (20) over one Interface (22) is transmitted to the vehicle-independent power consumers (12), characterized in that the interface (22) with closed vehicle doors 48), closed windows (50), closed vehicle roof, and closed trunk of the exterior of the motor vehicle (10 ) is accessible from.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the vehicle-independent power consumers (12) in a start phase of the vehicle-mounted power source (136) by a backup battery (138) of the power source (136) is supplied with electrical energy.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the vehicle-independent power consumers

(12) is also supplied with electrical energy while driving from the vehicle-mounted power source (136).

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the electrical energy via an intermediate cable (148, 150) between the DC / AC converter (20) and the interface (22) is transmitted and the transmission of electrical energy in the intermediate cable (148, 150) with a higher voltage and / or a higher frequency than between the interface (22) and the power consumer (12).