WO2009031078A1 - Système d'imagerie doppler spectrale et couleur et procédé associé - Google Patents
Système d'imagerie doppler spectrale et couleur et procédé associé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009031078A1 WO2009031078A1 PCT/IB2008/053455 IB2008053455W WO2009031078A1 WO 2009031078 A1 WO2009031078 A1 WO 2009031078A1 IB 2008053455 W IB2008053455 W IB 2008053455W WO 2009031078 A1 WO2009031078 A1 WO 2009031078A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- doppler
- image
- volume
- image plane
- spectral
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
- G01S15/8979—Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/06—Measuring blood flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/13—Tomography
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/46—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B8/461—Displaying means of special interest
- A61B8/463—Displaying means of special interest characterised by displaying multiple images or images and diagnostic data on one display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/52017—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 particularly adapted to short-range imaging
- G01S7/52053—Display arrangements
- G01S7/52057—Cathode ray tube displays
- G01S7/5206—Two-dimensional coordinated display of distance and direction; B-scan display
- G01S7/52066—Time-position or time-motion displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/286—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for scanning or photography techniques, e.g. X-rays, ultrasonics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/50—Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target
- G01S15/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
- G01S15/582—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems using transmission of interrupted pulse-modulated waves and based upon the Doppler effect resulting from movement of targets
Definitions
- This invention relates to systems and methods for creating spectral Doppler displays from previously stored color Doppler data on an ultrasound imaging system.
- a sonographer begins the exam by acquiring a two or three dimensional anatomical image of the heart or a blood vessel such as the carotid artery.
- the patient's vascular anatomy is displayed in the image on the ultrasound system display and a sample volume cursor is moved to a point in the heart or blood vessel where measurements are to be made.
- Spectral Doppler data is acquired over time from the sample volume location and displayed as a spectral waveform. Once a steady spectral display is being produced, the sonographer begins to record the continuous spectral waveform. After several minutes of recording of the Doppler waveform, the examination of the patient ends.
- a physician typically reviews, analyzes, and makes measurements of the spectral waveform that was acquired by the sonographer.
- the spectral waveform is associated with and valid for only the sample volume location.
- the doctor may, however, wish to analyze a spectral Doppler waveform for a different sample volume location. This is not possible, however, with prior art ultrasound imaging systems because the Doppler waveform is created on the fly using data that is available only from the particular sample volume location of the body. It is not possible, therefore, to create a Doppler waveform for an alternative sample volume location without conducting another ultrasound exam with the patient.
- spectral Doppler finds application is in an obstetrical exam.
- the clinician In an obstetrical exam the clinician often desires to measure the blood flow of the fetus with spectral Doppler.
- finding the location of interest in the minute vasculature of a fetus can be challenging. Once the appropriate location is found, the clinician must move the sample volume to this point in the image to make the measurement at the indicated location. Often, however, the fetus has moved during this manipulation and the entire process must be repeated.
- an ultrasound system which acquires Doppler data during anatomical imaging of flow or motion which can currently or later be used to create a spectral display for a point in an image where flow or motion occurs.
- ensemble lengths are sufficient to produce a colorflow Doppler image, but may also be processed in real time or in post-processing to produce a temporally resolved spectral Doppler display for any point in the colorflow image.
- Figure 1 is an isometric view of an ultrasound imaging system according to one example of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of the electrical components that may be used in the ultrasound imaging system of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 illustrates selection of a sample volume in an anatomical image of a blood vessel and a spectral Doppler display of flow velocity at the sample volume location.
- Figure 4 depicts a scrolling spectral Doppler display as produced by ultrasound systems of the prior art
- Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary color Doppler image.
- Figure 6 depicts a process flow diagram of a method for synthesizing spectral
- FIG. 7 depicts a process flow diagram of a possible workflow in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- An ultrasound imaging system 10 according to one example of the invention is illustrated Figure 1.
- the system 10 includes a chassis 12 containing most of the electronic circuitry for the system 10.
- the chassis 12 may be mounted on a cart 14, and a display 16 is mounted on the chassis 12.
- An imaging probe or transducer 20 is connected through a cable 22 to one of three connectors 26 on the chassis 12.
- the chassis 12 includes a keyboard and controls, generally indicated by reference numeral 28, by which a sonographer operates the ultrasound system 10 and enters information about the patient or the type of examination that is being conducted.
- the chassis 12 generally also includes a pointing device such as the trackball visible on the front of the control panel that may be used to manipulate an on-screen pointer.
- the control panel 28 may also include one or more buttons which may be pressed or clicked after manipulating the on-screen pointer. These operations are analogous to a mouse being used with a computer.
- the imaging probe 20 is placed against the skin of a patient (not shown) and held stationary to acquire an image of blood or tissues in a region beneath the skin.
- the image may be presented on the display 16, and it can be recorded by a recorder (not shown) placed on one of the two accessory shelves 30.
- the system 10 may also record or print a report containing text and images. Data corresponding to the image may also be downloaded through a suitable data link, such as the Internet or a local area network.
- the ultrasound imaging system may also or alternatively provide other types of images using other types of probes (not shown) to provide other types of images such as three-dimensional images of volumetric regions of the body.
- Ultrasonic signals are transmitted by a transducer array of the ultrasound probe 20 and the resultant echoes are received by the elements of the transducer array.
- the received echo signals are formed into a single signal or beam by a beamformer 214.
- the echo signal information is detected by a Doppler detector 216 which produces quadrature I and Q signal components.
- This basic Doppler I,Q data is processed by a Doppler processor 220, which refines the data by techniques such as wall filtering, gain control, and compression.
- a number of such signals from the site in the body being diagnosed are applied to a Doppler estimator 218, one form of which is a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor, which estimates the Doppler frequency shift of the received signals due to motion.
- FFT fast Fourier transform
- B mode echoes may be received. These echoes may also be formed into I and Q components which may then be amplitude detected by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the I and Q values in a B mode image processor 264.
- the B mode image processor also arranges the B mode echoes into a desired display format by scan conversion.
- the resultant two or three dimensional image of the anatomy is coupled to a Doppler measurement processor 230 where the image is prepared for display with spectral and/or color Doppler data and measurement data processed as discussed below.
- the B mode image can be used to locate and display the point in the patient's anatomy at which the spectral information is acquired or synthesized as will be discussed more fully below.
- Figure 3 is an ultrasound display 16 illustrating selection of a sample volume in a two-dimensional image and generation of a spectral Doppler display of velocity at the sample volume location.
- a cursor line is manipulated over the image 310 until a sample volume cursor 312 on the line is located at the point where spectral Doppler data is to be acquired, in this case in the center of the blood vessel 314.
- Doppler data is then acquired from this location and displayed as a scrolling spectral display 320 as it is acquired.
- the spectral display 320 shows blood velocity plotted vertically as a function of time, which scrolls horizontally.
- the spectral display 320 may be captured and saved for later analysis by a clinician.
- the captured spectral display 320 is, of course, only valid for the sample volume with which it is associated. Prior art methods do not permit a doctor to produce a spectral display for some other sample volume at a later time.
- a scrolling Doppler spectral display is shown.
- the illustrated display is developed by repetitively transmitting ultrasonic Doppler waves to, for example, the sample volume illustrated in Figure 3. Echo signals returned by moving blood cells in the heart or a blood vessel are received by the transducer probe 20 which converts the ultrasonic echoes into electrical signals. As was discussed above, the signals may be amplified and phase detected to determine their frequency shift characteristics. Samples of the detected signals are processed in the Doppler processor 230 to determine the intensity versus frequency characteristics of the signals.
- the spectral frequency characteristics may be translated to velocity equivalents, and the Doppler information of discrete sampling periods is displayed as a sequence of continuous scrolling spectral lines in a real-time, time-versus-velocity display as shown in Figure 4.
- newly generated spectral lines may be produced at the left side of the display.
- the sequence of lines moves or scrolls from left to right, with previously generated spectral data on the right and progressively more current data to the left.
- Each line conveys the range of flow velocities detected in the blood flow at a particular time of Doppler interrogation.
- the highest velocities shown by lines 410, 420, and 430 would typically occur during the systolic phase of the heart cycle.
- the intervals 412, 422, and 432 between the systolic phases represent flow velocity during the intervening phases of heart action, including the diastolic phase.
- the sonographer manipulates the ultrasonic transducer and steers the ultrasonic beam toward the vessel or organ where flow velocity information is desired.
- the spectral display is monitored as its scrolls by until the sonographer is satisfied that it has become stable.
- the spectral display is then frozen on the screen and saved for analysis.
- the analysis may proceed by stopping the scanning of the patient and manually tracing the spectral peaks with a cursor controlled by a joystick or trackball on the ultrasound system.
- Calculation software in the system may then operate on the tracing to determine clinical flow parameters such as peak systolic velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, the systolic/diastolic ratio, the pulsatility index and the velocity time integral.
- the time averaged mean velocity can then be estimated by operating on the peak velocity tracing data in concert with assumptions made as to certain flow characteristics.
- the saved spectral information can be applied to a processor which is capable of operating on the spectral information to automatically determine these and other desired clinical parameters as described, for instance, in US Pats.
- a spectral Doppler image is created by interrogating one particular sample volume repeatedly over time. This allows a highly accurate display of the velocity components and motion spectral content in that one location and is typically used for velocity measurements and analysis.
- a color Doppler image as depicted in Figure 6, on the other hand, is a more qualitative display of one particular motion parameter in color over the regions of the image where that motion occurs.
- the parameter might be, for example, velocity, Doppler power, or variance.
- the color at any point within the image denotes the value of the parameter at that particular locality within the image.
- Figure 5 shows an image 600 that contains a color Doppler region 610, which appears in the drawing as the dark areas in a blood vessel 612..
- the color Doppler region 610 of the image 600 may, for example, depict the velocity of blood flow at each point within the color Doppler region by displaying a different color at each pixel location depending on the velocity at that location.
- the primary difference between spectral Doppler imaging and color Doppler imaging is the length of time the ultrasound beam interrogates the region of interest.
- the beam stays on the region of interest nearly constantly to provide a long data window for quantitative analysis.
- the beam stays in the region of interest only at periodic intervals long enough to calculate a parameter for display and, generally speaking, with somewhat more limited accuracy and precision than that required for a spectral Doppler display.
- Figure 6 is a process flow diagram 700 depicting a method for synthesizing spectral Doppler from stored color Doppler data.
- the process starts at 710 when an ensemble of Doppler pulses is transmitted down one or more lines of sight in a 2D image plane or 3D image volume.
- 16 or more such pulses may be transmitted down each line of sight, resulting in Doppler ensemble lengths of sixteen or more samples at each point in the image.
- Ensembles of 32, 64 or 128 samples may be used for even greater temporal resolution.
- the acquisition of these long ensemble lengths enable the production of a spectral Doppler display of reasonable temporal resolution for any point in the colorflow image, either in real time or by post-processing a stored image.
- the echoes from two or more lines of sight are received.
- the reception of the echoes may use multiple parallel or angularly displaced receive lines for improved frame rate of display and increased temporal resolution of the spectral display.
- step 730 embodiments of the invention may acquire and process echo data to produce a real time color Doppler image and store sufficient Doppler data to enable a Doppler spectrum to be estimated at points in the plane or volume where motion occurs. At least some of the echo data is typically used to generate and display a color Doppler image such as that depicted in Figure 5. As the Doppler data associated with each echo is acquired and processed for the color (e.g., velocity or power Doppler) display, embodiments of the invention retain all such data at step 740.
- the Doppler data that is retained may be, for example, the I and Q data produced by the Doppler processor 220 of Figure 2. Alternatively, embodiments of the invention may retain the data generated by the FFT processor 218 of Figure 2.
- the storage media may be an optical disk, DVD disk, hard drive, CD ROM, or other non-volatile storage media.
- any type of data that is capable of being processed to yield a Doppler spectrum may be saved.
- shorter ensemble lengths will be used to create the displayed color Doppler image but longer ensemble lengths will be stored for spectral display in post-processing.
- Prior art ultrasound imaging systems typically use the Doppler data (e.g., I and Q samples) for computing parameters such as mean frequency, power and variance, after which the I and Q data is discarded and only mapped color values are used and saved.
- Retaining the I and Q samples or Doppler estimate data on non- volatile storage media enables a sonographer, doctor or other clinician to specify a spectral Doppler sample volume position in a post-processing function. As discussed above, this advantageously expands the number of spectral Doppler analysis and measurement points that can be reviewed after an examination has been concluded when the patient is no longer available for further scans.
- FIG. 7 is a process flow diagram depicting a possible workflow using embodiments of the invention.
- a typical workflow would start with a sonographer conducting an ultrasound exam at 810.
- One typical use of an embodiment of the invention might be, as discussed previously, conducting a cardiac scan by imaging portions of the patient's heart or arteries. While conducting the exam, Doppler data is stored for each image frame in accordance with the process depicted in Figure 6.
- spectral and/or color Doppler images may be displayed and analyzed in real-time throughout the course of the exam.
- Embodiments of the invention allow a doctor or clinician to recall and display a color Doppler image from storage media after the exam as shown at step 820.
- the doctor may select a sample volume location at step 830 in, for example, the manner discussed above in relation to Figure 3.
- the doctor may initiate synthesis of a spectral Doppler curve. This operation may be accomplished by processing the retained Doppler data for a given point in the anatomical image sequence by spectral Doppler processing.
- embodiments of the invention may synthesize and display an estimated spectral Doppler display based on the Doppler data stored in accordance with the process illustrated in Figure 6.
- the clinician can move a cursor over the anatomical color Doppler image and cause a spectral Doppler display to be generated for any point of motion where the cursor stops.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un système d'imagerie ultrasonore destiné à créer des images Doppler spectrales à partir de données d'images Doppler en couleur précédemment mémorisées. Un ensemble relativement long d'impulsions Doppler est reçu d'une pluralité de lignes le long de celles-ci dans un plan d'image ou volume. Les échos correspondants sont traités par Doppler afin de produire des données de Doppler I/Q suffisantes pour permettre d'estimer un spectre de Doppler complet à chaque point du plan image ou volume. Les données de Doppler sont sauvegardées pour chaque trame. Un volume d'échantillonnage du Doppler spectral peut être spécifié en tant que fonction de post-traitement et une image de Doppler spectrale créée à partir des données sauvegardées.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US96981307P | 2007-09-04 | 2007-09-04 | |
US60/969,813 | 2007-09-04 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009031078A1 true WO2009031078A1 (fr) | 2009-03-12 |
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PCT/IB2008/053455 WO2009031078A1 (fr) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-27 | Système d'imagerie doppler spectrale et couleur et procédé associé |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014166198A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波診断装置 |
Citations (4)
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US6210168B1 (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 2001-04-03 | Medsim Ltd. | Doppler ultrasound simulator |
US6221020B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-04-24 | G.E. Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | System and method for providing variable ultrasound analyses in a post-storage mode |
US20070161898A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Raw data reprocessing in ultrasound diagnostic imaging |
WO2007085999A1 (fr) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Mesures doppler ultrasoniques automatiques |
-
2008
- 2008-08-27 WO PCT/IB2008/053455 patent/WO2009031078A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
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US6210168B1 (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 2001-04-03 | Medsim Ltd. | Doppler ultrasound simulator |
US6221020B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2001-04-24 | G.E. Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc | System and method for providing variable ultrasound analyses in a post-storage mode |
US20070161898A1 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-12 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Raw data reprocessing in ultrasound diagnostic imaging |
WO2007085999A1 (fr) * | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Mesures doppler ultrasoniques automatiques |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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HAERTEN/M MÜCK-WEYMANN R: "Doppler- und Farbdoppler-Sonographie passage", DOPPLER- UND FARBDOPPLER-SONOGRAPHIE, XX, XX, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), pages complete, XP002225090 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2014166198A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Toshiba Corp | 超音波診断装置 |
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