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  • C07D217/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines with a hetero atom directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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  • A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
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  • C07C323/23—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C323/39—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the same carbon skeleton at least one of the nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
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  • C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
  • C07D217/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines
  • C07D217/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring; Alkylene-bis-isoquinolines with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/125—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
  • C07D295/13—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain

Definitions

• Sigma receptors are a class of receptors that are expressed in many normal tissues, including liver, kidneys, endocrine glands, and the central nervous system (CNS) (Walker, J.M., et al. Pharmacol Rev 42: 355- 402 1990). It has been well established that there are at least two types of sigma receptors, sigma-1 (O 1 ) and sigma-2 (0 2 ) (Walker, J.M., et al. Pharmacol Rev 42, 355- 402, 1990). Overexpression of 0 2 receptors has been reported in a variety of human and murine tumors (Bern, W.T., et al., Cancer Res 51 : 6558-6562, 1991; Vilner, B.
• the present inventors have developed a series of compounds which can be used as radiolabels for diagnostic imaging, in particular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumors.
• PET positron emission tomography
• the compounds selectively bind Sigma receptors, and in particular bind Sigma-2 receptors in preference to Sigma- 1 receptors.
• the compounds also selectively bind to tumor cells, and thus can also be used as tracers for detecting tumor cells.
• the compounds comprise the radioisotope 18 F, they can be used as radiotracers for imaging tumors using PET.
• a tracer the present teachings is a fluoroalkoxybenzamide compound having a
• Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C 1-4 alkoxy, a C 1 - 4 alkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 , or a salt thereof.
• a compound of the present teachings can include at least one 18 F isotope.
• a compound of these embodiments can be a radiolabeled fluoroalkoxybenzamide compound having a structure
• Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C 1-4 alkoxy, a C1-4 alkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 , or a salt thereof.
• Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl and F, a C 1 - 4 alkoxy, a C 1 - 4 alkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 .
• m can be 2
• Ri can be H
• R 2 can be CH 3 .
• these methods can be
• R 2 can be selected from the group consisting of Br, CH 3 , and I.
• the inventors disclose methods for synthesizing radiolabeled fluoroalkoxybenzamide compounds of structure These methods comprise forming a mixture comprising i)
• an organic solvent ii) a compound of structure , iii) 18 F “ , iv) 4,7,13,16,21,24-Hexaoxa-l,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]-hexacosane and v) a potassium salt, wherein m is an integer from 1 to about 10, n is an integer from 1 to about 10, Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl and F, a C1-4 alkoxy, a C1-4 alkyl, a C1-4 fluoroalkyl, a C1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 .
• the potassium salt can be K 2 CO 3
• the organic solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile or a combination thereof.
• the methods can include heating a mixture.
• the inventors disclose methods of imaging a tumor in a mammal such as a human. These methods comprise administering to the mammal a radiolabeled fluoroalkoxybenzamide compound of
• Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C 1 - 4 alkoxy, a Ci_ 4 alkyl, a Ci_ 4 fluoroalkyl, a Ci_ 4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 , or a salt thereof; and subjecting the mammal to positron emission tomography (PET) scanning.
• m can be 2
• Ri can be selected from the group consisting of H and OCH 3
• R 2 can be selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , Br and I.
• a fluoroalkoxybenzamide compound or a salt thereof can include particular molecular species, such as,
• a radiolabeled fluoroalkoxybenzamide compound or a salt thereof can include particular molecular species, such as,
• the stannylated compound can be formed by stannylating a compound of structure .
• m ean be 2 and n can be 4.
• the inventors disclose iodine- 123 radiolabeled fluoroalkoxybenzamide compounds of structure
• n is an integer from 1 to about 10
• R can be H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C 1-4 alkoxy, a C 1 ⁇ alkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 , and salts thereof.
• m can be 2
• n can be 4
• R can be H or a C 1 ⁇ alkoxy such as a methoxy.
• the inventors disclose methods for synthesizing these radioiodinated compounds. In various configurations, these methods include reacting a
• a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are each independently a Ci_ 4 alkyl, and R is selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C1-4 alkoxy, a C 1-4 alkyl, a C 1 - 4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 .
• R is selected from the group consisting of H, a halogen selected from the group consisting of I, Br, Cl and F, a C1-4 alkoxy, a C 1-4 alkyl, a C 1 - 4 fluoroalkyl, a C 1-4 fluoroalkoxy, CF 3 , OCF 3 , SCH 3 , SCF 3 , and NH 2 .
• R can be H or a C 1-4 alkoxy such as a methoxy;
• a 1 , A 2 and A 3 can each be independently a butyl moiety selected from an n-butyl moiety, an iso-butyl moiety, a sec -butyl moiety, and a tert-butyl moiety.
• a 1 , A 2 and A 3 can each be an n-butyl moiety, m can be 2 and n can be 4.
• the oxidant can be peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chloramine T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt) or a combination thereof.
• the methods can further include
• the present teachings include methods of imaging a solid tumor in a mammal such as a human.
• these methods include administering to the mammal a radioiodinated compound described above, and subjecting the mammal to single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.
• SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
• Fig. 1 illustrates scheme I for synthesis of some compounds of the present teachings.
• Fig. 2 illustrates scheme II for synthesis of some compounds of the present teachings.
• Fig. 3 illustrates scheme III for synthesis of some compounds of the present teachings.
• Fig. 4 illustrates scheme IV for synthesis of some compounds of the present teachings.
• Fig. 5 illustrates structure and properties of several 0 2 selective ligands.
• Fig. 6 illustrates tumor : organ ratios for the 18 F-labeled 0 2 selective ligands, 3c-f, at 1 h (top) and 2 h (bottom) after i.v. injection into female Balb/c mice bearing EMT-6 tumors.
• Figure 7 presents a comparison of the tumor : fat and tumor : muscle ratios for [ 18 F]3c or [ 18 F]3f when there is no-carrier-added and when the ⁇ i and 0 2 receptors are blocked with 1 mg/kg of YUN- 143. All values were obtained 1 h after injection of the radiotracer.
• Figure 8 illustrates microPET and microCT images of EMT-6 tumors in female Balb/c mice. All MicroPET images were acquired 1 h after i.v. injection of either [ 18 F]3c or [ 18 F]3f.
• Fig. 9 illustrates an image of a glioma using [ 18 F]3f of the present teachings compared to [ 18 F]FDG.
• the present inventors have developed a series of compounds which can be used as radiolabels for diagnostic imaging, in particular positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumors.
• PET positron emission tomography
• the compounds selectively bind Sigma receptors, and in particular bind Sigma-2 receptors in preference to Sigma- 1 receptors.
• the compounds also selectively bind to tumor cells, and thus can be used as tracers for detecting tumor cells. Without being limited by theory, it is generally believed that many types of tumor cells have a high density of sigma-2 receptors, and therefore compounds of the present teachings are effective tracers for detecting tumors by virtue of the compounds' affinity for the sigma-2 receptors.
• the compounds comprise the radioisotope 18 F, a preferred isotope for imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) they are effective as radiotracers for PET imaging of tumors in humans or other mammals.
• the compounds comprise the radioisotope 123 I, a preferred isotope for imaging by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These compounds are effective as radiotracers for SPECT imaging of tumors in humans or other mammals.
• SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
• the present inventors devised a design strategy for generating ⁇ 2 -selective ligands of the present teachings. This strategy involved replacing the ortho methoxy group of 1 ⁇ -labelled benzamide analogs (Xu, J., et al, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 21;525 (1-3): 8-17, 2005) with a 2-fluoroethyl group as shown in Scheme I (Fig. 1) and in Examples below.
• This example illustrates synthetic steps for generating 18 F-tagged compounds of the present teachings.
• compounds 3c-f were radiolabeled with 18 F as shown in Schemes II-IV (Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively).
• Scheme II (Fig. 2) outlines the synthesis of the mesylate precursors required for the radiolabeling procedure. Alkylation of the ortho hydroxyl group of compounds, 2c-e, with 1-bromoethyl acetate followed by hydrolysis of the acetate group produced the corresponding 2 -hydroxy ethyl analogs, 4c-e, in good yield. Compounds, 4c-e, were then converted to the corresponding mesylates, 5c-e, by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in dichloromethane using triethylamine as an acid scavenger.
• the reaction mixture was irradiated for 30- 40 seconds in a microwave oven, and the crude product separated from the unreacted [ 18 F]fluoride using a C-18 reverse phase Sep-Pak ® cartridge (Waters Corp., Milford, MA) and methanol as the eluant.
• the crude product was then purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C- 18 reverse phase column. The entire procedure required ⁇ 2 h, and the radiochemical yield, corrected for decay to the start of synthesis, was 20-30%.
• the specific activities ranged from 1500 - 2500 Ci/mmol.
• This example illustrates in vitro binding studies with the compounds of the present teachings.
• in vitro binding studies were conducted in order to measure the affinity of the target compounds for ⁇ i and 0 2 receptors.
• ⁇ i receptor binding assays were conducted in 96-well plates using guinea pig brain membrane homogenates (-300 ⁇ g protein) and -5 nM [ 3 H](+)-pentazocine (34.9 Ci/mmol, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA). The total incubation time was 90 min at room temperature. Nonspecific binding was determined from samples that contained 10 ⁇ M of cold haloperidol. After 90 min, the reaction was terminated by the addition of 150 ⁇ L of ice-cold wash buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4 ) using a 96 channel transfer pipette (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA).
• the samples were harvested and filtered rapidly through a 96-well fiber glass filter plate (Millipore, Billerica, MA) that had been presoaked with 100 ⁇ L of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.0 for 1 h. Each filter was washed 3 times with 200 ⁇ L of ice-cold wash buffer, and the filter counted in a Wallac 1450 MicroBeta liquid scintillation counter (Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA).
• the 0 2 receptor binding assays were conducted using rat liver membrane homogenates (-300 ⁇ g protein) and ⁇ 5 nM [ 3 H]DTG (58.1 Ci/mmol, Perkin Elmer, Boston, MA) in the presence of 1 ⁇ M (+)-pentazocine to block O 1 sites.
• the incubation time was 120 min at room temperature.
• Nonspecific binding was determined from samples that contained 10 ⁇ M of cold haloperidol. All other procedures were identical to those described for the ⁇ i receptor binding assay above.
• the ⁇ 2 : ⁇ i ratios for compounds, 3c-f varied from 48 to 8,190.
• the excellent ⁇ 2 receptor affinities and moderate to high 0 2 :0 1 ratios for the compounds, 3c-f indicated that their corresponding 18 F-labeled analogs would be useful radiotracers for imaging the 0 2 receptor status of solid tumors with PET.
• the log D values for these compounds are within the range that should lead to a high uptake in solid tumors (Xu, J., et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 21 : 525 (1-3): 8-17, 2005).
• EMT-6 mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells (5 xlO 5 cells in 100 uL of phosphate-buffered saline) were implanted subcutaneously in the scapular region of female Balb/c mice ( ⁇ 2-month old and 17-22 g; Charles River Laboratories). The biodistribution studies were initiated 7-10 days after implantation when the tumor size was -0.2 cm 3 (-200 mg).
• mice 10- 120 ⁇ Ci of [ 18 F]3c, [ 18 F]3d, [ 18 F]3e or [ 18 F]3f in 100-150 uL of saline was injected via the tail vein into EMT-6 tumor-bearing female Balb/c mice. Groups of at least 4 mice were used for each time point. At 5, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection, the mice were euthanized, and samples of blood, lung, liver, kidney, muscle, fat, heart, brain, bone and tumor were removed, weighed and counted in a Beckman Gamma 8000 well counter. After counting, the percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was calculated. The tumor/organ ratios were calculated by dividing the %ID/g of the tumor by the %ID/g of each organ.
• Tumor uptake at 1 h post- injection remained high for each of the ligands, [ 18 F]3c, [ 18 F]3d, [ 18 F]3e and [ 18 F]3f, (1.14, 2.09, 2.72, and 2.15 %ID/g, respectively), and continued to remain relatively high at 2 h post- injection (0.64, 0.96, 1.92 and 1.15 %ID/g, respectively) compared to that of the normal tissues, fat and muscle.
• the tumor : muscle ratios ranged from 3 - 4
• the tumor : fat ratios ranged from 4.5 - 8 at 2 hrs post- injection, respectively.
• the low bone uptake of all four labeled compounds which continued to decrease between the 30 min and 1 h time points, suggests that these compounds do not undergo a significant defluorination in vivo.
• Compound [ 18 F]3f had the highest tumor : muscle ratio (-8) and a tumor : fat ratio of -7 at 2 h after i.v. injection ( Figure 6).
• the tumor : fat ratios for [ 18 F]3c and [ 18 F]3d were also high, reaching - 8 and -6, respectively, at 2 h after i.v. injection
• the tumor : muscle ratios for [ 18 F] 3c and [ 18 F] 3d were much lower than that for [ 18 F] 3f.
• This example describes a general method for synthesis of the substituted 2- hydroxybenzoic acid amides, compounds 2a-e, in particular compound 2a.
• This example describes a general method for synthesis of the substituted 2-(2- fluoroethoxy) benzoic acid amides, 3a-e, in particular compound 3 a.
• This example describes a general method for synthesis of the substituted 5- bromo-benzoic acid derivatives into their substituted 5-tributylstannanyl benzoic acid derivatives, in particular compound 3g.
• Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine palladium(O) [(PPh 3 ) 4 Pd(0)] 42 mg, 0.036 mmol
• bis(tributytin) [Sn(C 4 H 9 ) 3 ] 2
• Thin layer chromatography with 45% hexane, 45% ethyl ether and 10% methanol as the mobile phase was used to assess when the reaction was complete.
• the crude product was purified on a silica gel column to isolate the tin intermediate, 3g. The yield of 3g was 64%.
• This example illustrates a general method for converting the tin precursor of the benzoic acid derivatives into their corresponding iodine substituted benzoic acid derivatives, in particular compound 3f.
• the mixture was extracted with CH 2 CI 2 , and the organic layers washed with brine before being dried with Na 2 SO 4 .
• the organic layers were then concentrated under vacuum and purified using a silica gel column with 15 % methanol and 85 % ether as the mobile phase to isolate 3f.
• the yield of 3f was 36%.
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of the purified product was: 1.60 - 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.80 - 2.10 (m, 4H), 3.19 - 3.2 (m, 2H), 3.40 - 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.68 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 4.26 (t, IH), 4.37 (s, IH), 4.65 (s, IH), 4.80 (s, IH), 6.50 (s, IH), 6.58 (s, IH), 7.28 (d, IH), 8.02 (d, IH), 8.21 (s, IH).
• This example describes a general method for converting the substituted 2- hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives into their substituted 2-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-benzoic acid amides, in particular compound 4c.
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of the purified product was: 1.70 (m, 4H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.71 - 2.73 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 2H), 3.50 - 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 4.23 (t, 2H), 4.50 (t, 2H), 6.50 (s, IH), 6.58 (s, IH), 6.78 -6.82 (d, IH), 7.18 - 7.25 (d, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 8.02 (s, IH).
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz,CDCl 3 ) of the purified product was: 1.68 - 1.85 (m, 4H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, IH), 2.51 - 2.61 (m, 2H), 2.80 - 2.87 (m, 4H), 3.45 - 3.61 (m, 4H), 3.76 - 3.80 (t, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.05 - 4.08 (t, 2H), 6.49 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.79 - 6.83 (d, IH), 7.15 - 7.19 (d, 2H), 7.93 (s, IH), 8.30 (s, IH).
• This example describes a general method for converting the substituted 2- hydroxy-ethoxy benzoic acid amides of the present teachings to their methanesulfonic acid esters, in particular compound 5c.
• Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O) [(PPh 3 ) 4 Pd(0)] 100 mg, 0.087 mmol
• bis(tributlytin) [Sn(C 4 H 9 ) 3 ] 2 (899mg, 1.55 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture and heated overnight at 110 0 C in an oil-bath while stirring. After quenching, thin layer chromatography using 15% ethyl acetate and 85% hexane as the mobile phase indicated that the reaction was complete.
• the product was then purified on a silica gel column to isolate the tin precursor, 2-(2-acetoxy-ethoxy)-3-methoxy-5-tributylstannanyl- benzoic acid methyl ester.
• the yield of the tin precursor was 37.3%.
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of the purified product was: 0.8 - 1.75 (m, 27H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 4.24 - 4.27 (t, 2H), 4.38 - 4.41 (t, 2H), 7.09 - 7.30 (s IH), 7.35 (s IH).
• Compound 9 was prepared from compound 8 as described in the general method for converting the substituted 2-hydroxy benzoic acid derivatives into their substituted 2-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-benzoic acid amides (Example 21). The yield of compound 9 was 81%.
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) of the purified product was: 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.93 - 3.96 (t, 2H), 4.33 - 4.36 (t, 2H), 7.08 (s, IH), 7.62 (s, IH).
• the 1 H-NMR spectrum (300 MHz, CDCl 3 )of the purified product was: 1.72 - 1.75 (m, 4H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.75 - 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.81 - 2.83 (m, 2H), 3.49 - 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.56 - 3.60 (t, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.06 - 4.10 (t, 2H), 6.47 (s, IH), 6.57 (s, IH), 6.90 (s, IH), 7.57 (s, IH), 7.70-7.80 (s, IH).
• Compound 5f was prepared from 4f as described in the general method for converting the substituted 2-hydroxy-ethoxy benzoic acid amides of the present teachings to their methanesulfonic acid esters (Example 24). The yield of 5f was 61%.
• This example illustrates a general method for labeling the substituted 2-(2- fluoroethoxy) benzoic acid amide analogs with 18 F, in particular [ 18 F](N-[4-(6,7-dimethoxy- 3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl)-butyl]-2-(2-fluoro-ethoxy)-3-methoxy-5-iodo-benzamide (compound [ 18 F] 3f).
• [0094]fluoride 100 -150 mCi was added to a 10-mL Pyrex screw cap tube containing 5-6 mg of Kryptofix 222 and 0.75 mg of K 2 CO3.
• HPLC grade acetonitrile 3 x 1.0 mL
• the water was azeotropically evaporated from this mixture at 110 0 C under a stream of argon. After all of the water was removed, a solution of the precursor, 5f, (1.5-2.0 mg) in DMSO (0.2 mL) was added to the reaction vessel containing the 18 F/Kryptofix mixture.
• a 3 mm glass bead was added to the reaction vessel to insure a more homogeneous heat distribution when the sample was irradiated with microwaves, and the vessel capped firmly on a specially designed remotely operated capping station. After vortexing, the reaction mixture was irradiated with microwaves for 30 - 40 sec at medium power (60 Watts) until the thin layer chromatography scanner with a 25% of methanol and 75% dichloromethane mobile phase indicated that the incorporation yield was 40-60%.
• Compound [ 18 F]3d was prepared from 5d as described above for [ 18 F]3f with the following exceptions.
• the semi-preparative HPLC mobile phase was 13% of THF and 87% 0.1 M formate buffer.
• the [ 18 F]3d eluted at -20 min with a radiochemical purity of >98%.
• the labeling yield was -30% (decay corrected), and the specific activity was >1500 Ci/mmol. The entire procedure took -2 h.

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