WO2009021997A2

WO2009021997A2 - Wooden pole foundation

Info

Publication number: WO2009021997A2
Application number: PCT/EP2008/060715
Authority: WO
Inventors: Paul Reichartz
Original assignee: Induo Gesellschaft Zur Verwertung Von Schutzrechten Mbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2007-08-14
Filing date: 2008-08-14
Publication date: 2009-02-19
Also published as: DE102008009057A1; EP2188468A2; WO2009021997A3

Abstract

In order to provide an anchorage (11) for poles of any type, in particular for wooden poles (7, 32) carrying electric lines, an elongate hollow body (2, 31) is proposed, said hollow body preferably being open on both sides, being held upright in the ground by the lower section thereof and the other, upper section thereof holding the pole base and supporting the latter via means (6, 15) provided for this purpose.

Description

"Holzmasteqründunq"

The invention relates to an anchorage for wooden poles of any kind, especially for electric cables, especially overland electrical cables carrying wooden poles.

If here "electric poles carrying wooden poles" are called, then this includes a variety of networks, such as high and medium voltage networks of the RUs, which have to ensure the absorption of high mechanical loads, low-voltage networks, medium and small loads must cope, including for Telecommunications networks and radio networks; mention should also be made of power lines on railway lines, e.g. the German Federal Railways, which are exposed to high mechanical loads, even in changing directions, the u.a. Wind and suction forces of the passing trains result.

The alternative products include steel or steel tubular masts, which are about three to four times more expensive than round timber poles and also require elaborate foundations, but can be used for a total of about 80 years; However, there are considerable maintenance costs due to corrosion protection measures, which are required in maintenance intervals of about 20 years. Steel masts can only absorb torsional forces much worse than wooden masts; in the event of overloading - as has recently happened on a large scale - the bending of the steel masts takes place.

Another alternative is reinforced concrete round tube masts made of spun concrete, but they have the same disadvantages as steel masts. Another disadvantage is the initially unrecognizable corrosion on the inserted concrete in the steel mesh body, which lead to spalling of the concrete with the result of reducing the maximum load capacity and thus to increased maintenance costs. Finally, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic round pipes are still worth mentioning, but their price is also three to four times that of round timber pylons, apart from the considerable foundation effort.

In comparison to the possibilities listed above, round timber pylons are still a very economical alternative, whereby the renewable raw material wood corresponds to the increased ecological thinking in modern economies with a favorable energy balance also in terms of their production. The sharp price increases and price fluctuations of steel that have emerged in recent years favor the market assertion and market expansion of round timber poles for the various applications. It should also be mentioned in this connection that, in addition to round timber masts, other mast geometries and timber mast constructions may also be used within the scope of the invention, e.g. from new wood composite materials with special technical and economic advantages, to which the following statements can be analogously transferred.

Despite the above-enumerated advantages over the alternative solutions, the use of wooden poles has the considerable disadvantage that they must be imperatively impregnated in their foot area because of their entry into the soil against rotting. Impregnants are toxic and cause ecologically damaging entries into the soil and groundwater. National and Europe-wide tightening of the use of impregnating agents, in particular for roundwood masts, has led to legally prescribed reductions and changes in the chemical composition of impregnating agents in the FRG and in various other European countries, in order to increase the toxic loads in the soil and groundwater that have occurred in the past prevent.

As already mentioned, the fouling or rotting of round timber pylons despite impregnation in the earth / transition region is to some extent unavoidable. Depending on the region, the resulting mast failures amount to approx. 1 to 2% of the wooden masts installed in the power line networks. The well-known founding of Round timber pylons are made by soil incorporation, whereby the founding methods used in the past with U-iron, which were embedded in the ground, were abandoned. Basically, the concreting of round wood pylons in the ground is reliably not possible, because round timber masts dwindle and swell by drying and moisture influence by up to 10% of its diameter, so that between concrete foundation and round timber masts a cavity would arise, which can fill one hand with water and thus the Rotting accelerated, on the other hand would lead to "slacker" movements of the roundwood masts in the concrete foundation, whereby a continuous load transfer would no longer be guaranteed.

So far, the foundation of the wooden poles has been done in such a way that about 1/6 of the length of the wooden pole is installed in the ground. The mast length installed in the ground can be different due to different load-bearing soils, which leads to different mast lengths. The establishment of all types of mast is done by excavation and subsequent introduction of compacted layers.

The traditional and common foundation method for round timber masts by earth installation includes both single masts and double masts (consisting of two single masts) and H-masts, consisting of two spaced apart single masts.

With the invention, the disadvantages set out above should be avoided. Specifically, the invention is therefore based on the object to protect wooden poles of the type mentioned before soft rot without environmentally harmful, toxic protective measures taken or become necessary.

This object is based on the consideration to propose a foundation method independent of the action of the soil, especially the soil quality on the masts and on the basis of the general inventive idea to reliably anchor the respective wooden mast without ground contact, device by a preferably open at both ends, elongated hollow body dissolved, upright with his one, lower section in the Soil is held and its other, upper portion receives the mast base, as well as means for supporting the mast within the upper portion of the hollow body, to which the invention also proposes a method in which the hollow body rammed into the ground with supernatant, beaten and / or is drilled, then a drainage pack, preferably coarse gravel, is filled into the hollow body in the area of provided in the hollow body wall drainage openings is placed on this Drainagekiesschüttung the wooden mast, then introduced means for supporting the mast within the upper end of the hollow body For example, filling material in the form of a further gravel layer with respect to the first gravel bed of smaller grain size, namely 2 to 16 mm, preferably 5 to 10 or 8 to 12 mm, is placed in layers in the annulus between the mast and the hollow body, and finally the annulus is closed on the top , namely vo preferably with a rosette. Alternatively or in addition to the filling material, pressure or tension elements can be introduced, in particular near the upper edge of the hollow body, which are suitable for transferring the forces from the mast to the hollow body.

With these relatively simple but effective method steps according to the invention, a surprising way is shown to move the respective Holzmastfuß outside the moder-rotting area, which is also achieved that instead of the previous hazard class 4 for inventive foundations, the hazard class 3 applies with the result among others lower impregnation effort.

The proposal according to the invention has the enormous advantage and thus ecological charm that the use of polluting, highly toxic impregnants is no longer necessary while increasing the life of the mast - from 30 years to 40 to 45 years - and a relatively small amount of time to make the foundation , wherein with respect to the introduction of the hollow body according to the invention in the ground on, for example, from the oil handling technology known impact or drilling or Eindrehtechniken as they are also used in gas handling technology, can be used. Another essential advantage of the invention is the reusability of the hollow body for at least one further rule useful life of a wooden mast for the then new to be used wooden mast.

It is also advantageous that, unlike introduced in the earth's wooden poles of the prior art, an exchange mast when using the foundation method according to the invention can be placed in the same place again, since the inventively established masts in their footing not mess up and the soil with Contaminate soft rot. Contamination of the soil with soft rot would prohibit the erection of a mast at this point.

In this context, the cost advantage to be mentioned, which results from the possibility of reuse of already installed and used in the network masts that are cut off after rotting above the ground and can still be used by the anchoring method according to the invention at least for a remaining useful life.

Additional cost advantages arise when using the invention in that at appropriate sites with surface mounting (walkways, etc.) the recovery effort is much lower than in conventional foundation methods. Also mast exchange times are shorter, which is particularly advantageous if, for example, in power grids "working under voltage", so if the section of the pipe network, are exchanged in the masts, not turned off.

Since the mast lengths required in the context of the invention can be kept substantially shorter compared to conventional anchorage proposed according to the invention, further cost advantages result. Thus, the bending moments occurring at shorter masts are lower, so that the mast sections can be reduced compared to conventional, embedded in the ground wooden poles. Also, the transport of shorter masts is easier. In addition, eliminates the need for conventional masts aftercare, as well as measures to protect against theft or to protect against mechanical damage to the wooden mast and bandages can be omitted because the wooden mast is protected in its lower part by the hollow body.

Finally, the invention leads to an extension of the test and maintenance intervals, ie less testing and maintenance, with the result of lower operating costs. In particular, this also eliminates the digging, checking and re-digging.

Although preferably roundwood masts are used, the invention can in principle also be provided for wooden masts having a triangular, square, rectangular, polygonal or other cross-section and, for example. be made of wood materials or glued laminated timber.

Although the hollow body according to the invention preferably has a circular cross-section, depending on the composition of the earth stratum, another cross-sectional profile can also be selected. For the material of the hollow body ductile cast iron, steel, reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete and / or glass fiber reinforced plastics and impact-resistant ceramic materials in question. Especially proven is cast pipe DN400.

In any case, in order to dissipate any liquid (atmospheric moisture, condensation water, etc.) that somehow got into the intermediate space between the mast and the hollow body and to keep the mast base dry, a special embodiment of the invention in the region of the upper edge of the soil has a perforation in the Hohlkörperwandung provided, which is arranged all around and preferably consists of vertically extending slots; Advantageously, a total of eight circumferentially distributed with equal mutual distances, vertically extending slots with a width of 5 mm and a length of 90 mm or with a width of 10 mm and a length of 120 mm are provided. The perforation or the drainage openings are also suitable in an advantageous manner for checking the wood condition in the mast base area by using a suitable tool and connected measuring device a Bohrwiderstandsmessung is carried out from the outside through the drainage holes, the determined resistance value for the type of wood used then conclusions on the strength state allows.

Both the stability of the mast base and the drainage effect are particularly positively influenced by a capillary-breaking layer, in particular one-grained gravel, preferably with a grain size of more than 16 mm, on the ground by the ramming of the pipe in the soil compacted Erdreichpfropfen inside the tube.

The gravel layer extends effectively at least partially beyond the perforation height.

In order to give the wooden pole during assembly as centric position and at the same time the mast base during assembly, especially when introducing into the pipe already give a certain grip and in any case a guide, the mast base according to another feature of the invention on his lower end face provided with a centering and support plate; this is nailed down or screwed on the underside of the mast base and preferably has an outer diameter corresponding to just the inner diameter of the tube and is designed as a perforated plate to avoid a drainage dam. The centering and support plate may also act as a separation between the capillary-breaking layer and filling material, and at least parts of the filling material can be lifted out of the hollow body when the mast is withdrawn.

In order to be able to transmit transverse forces particularly well in the mast base on the hollow body, at least three screws engaging through the centering and support plate into the Mastfußstirnfläche and the shafts of the screws encompassing dowel special design can be provided. Here are the dowels special design between the centering and support plate and the Mastfußstirnfläche arranged and engage with their teeth in the Mastfußstirnfläche. The transverse forces are then introduced from the mast base into the dowels of special design, from the dowels of special design into the screws, from the screws into the centering and support plate and from there into the hollow body wall. So that the mast is not in such an embodiment with the screw heads on the capillary-breaking layer, below the centering and support plate may be provided in particular from below at the screw heads bottom plate. The bottom plate can be provided with water drain holes and bolted to the centering and support plate. About such a bottom plate acting from the mast due to its weight on the capillary-breaking layer forces are better distributed over their surface.

Both the centering and support plate and the bottom plate are preferably made of a metal, but other materials can be used which are suitable to absorb the forces acting on the plates, such as glass fiber reinforced plastic plates. Also, the plates may be coated, for example, with copper or zinc to better protect against corrosion, or also to achieve a fungicidal or biocidal effect in the mast base.

The actual alignment of the wooden mast within the tube is carried out in a manner yet to be described with the aid of Rieht- or clamping wedges, which are temporarily introduced or clamped in the annular space between the mast outer surface and the pipe inner surface; In this case, preferably three offset by 120 ° circumferentially offset or distributed wedges are used, which may consist of hardwood for stability and wear reasons. But it can just as well on the upper edge of the hollow body supported clamps are used for temporary alignment of the mast. A particular penchant of the invention is the idea of thereby introducing the loads occurring on the mast in a suitable manner in the soil and at the same time to ensure a drainage effect to avoid moisture formation on the wood, that the annulus between the wooden mast and the tube with a filler is filled, preferably in turn with a gravel, but with a smaller grain size of preferably 8 to 12 mm, whereby this bed both supporting and power transmission functions and filled after appropriate alignment of the mast by means of the mentioned straightening wedges in a simple manner in the annulus and there can be compressed. The annulus thickness, ie the distance between the mast and the tube, is preferably at least 5 cm.

A particularly advantageous property of the filler material in its insert according to the invention is that it self-adjusts or compensates for the dimensional changes of the wooden pole caused by shrinkage and swelling (due to moisture loss or seeding), without limiting the support force transfer function or even lost. This also results in the further advantage that the filler uniformly presses fungicidal or biocidal metal plates or - lattice, with which the mast in the foot area is partially or completely, regardless of how strong the mast has disappeared or swollen.

But the loads occurring on the mast can also be absorbed by at least three permanently arranged in the cavity between the hollow body and mast at a height, in particular near the upper edge of the hollow body, arranged clamping elements. In particular, in cooperation with the centering and support plate, the forces on engaging in the mast base dowel special design and screws transfers from the mast to the hollow body, the forces acting on a wooden mast forces can be sufficiently well introduced through the hollow body into the ground.

Another, particularly effective anchoring of the wooden mast in the hollow body is achieved with at least three tension elements, in particular screws, which in Substantially in a height, in particular near the upper edge of the hollow body, distributed, are supported on the hollow body wall and engage in the wood of the mast. Also in this solution, the forces acting on a wooden mast forces can be introduced in particular in cooperation with the centering and Abstützplattegut about the hollow body in the soil. In order to secure the screws well on the hollow body, preferably those are used which have a first threaded shaft for a cooperating with the inside of the hollow body wall lock nut and an adjoining threaded shaft for engagement in the wood of the mast. In order to compensate for a setting of the mast, for example by setting the capillary-breaking layer or by compression of the underlying soil, preferably in the hollow body wall vertical slots are provided through which the screws are passed.

By a preferably made of metal rosette, the annular space between the pipe and mast can be covered upwards, and it has proven to be particularly convenient for both optimum tightness and easy mounting option, if the rosette is preferably made of metal cone shape, the Cones on top and bottom sides in paraxial aprons merges. The transition between the upper edge of the rosette and mast is preferably covered with an adhesive tape for sealing. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the rosette sits with play on the hollow body, so that an exchange of air between the hollow body interior and the environment is possible, so that air can circulate through the drainage openings and the seat of the rosette.

In order to protect the mast base sitting in the hollow body against fungal infestation, suitable fungicidal or biocidal agents may be provided, in particular in the region of the mast base. Suitable agents are, in particular copper or zinc-releasing depots, such as around the mast base wound around copper or zinc sheets or copper or zinc mesh. Also, especially in the event that a filling is used as filling material, the cavity between the hollow body wall and wooden mast copper and / or zinc pins or the like be added. Also suitable are boron-impregnated depots, for example in the form of coils, which are placed around the mast.

Another, particularly preferred way to protect the seated in the hollow body mast base against fungal infestation, consists in a wound in the lower portion of the hollow body around the mast drainage mat, which is distributed over its surface provided with knob-like elevations. The knob-like elevations of the drainage mat are preferably in the form of a truncated cone and hollow. The mat lies with the knob-like elevations on the surface of the mast. Thus, it can be ensured that wood-destroying organisms and / or fungi can not settle on the mast surface. In addition, the mast surface remains air-tight, so that condensate and surface water is constantly dissipated.

In such an embodiment, the mast in the lower portion of the mast is particularly well supported statically particularly well when the cavity between the drainage mat and the hollow body is filled with a bed, in particular a chip bed with a grain size of less than or equal to 3 mm. The bed ensures, as already mentioned, for a good support of the mast in the hollow tube, which can be ensured when using a chippings that the grit penetrates into the hollow elevations of the drainage mat, so that a proper power transmission from the mast on the knob-like elevation and the bedding on the hollow tube and from there into the surrounding soil is guaranteed.

It has also proved to be advantageous if one side of the drainage mat wound around the mast overlaps the other side by 70 to 100 mm.

In the same way, a further drainage mat with distributed over its surface knob-like elevations may also be arranged on the front surface of the mast base or on the underside of serving as a centering and support plate perforated, preferably with their knob-like elevations on the end face of the mast base or at the bottom of the as centering and Supporting plate serving perforated plate is applied, where it sits in a special embodiment between the end face of the mast base or serving as a centering and support plate perforated plate and a capillary-breaking layer of a bed, in particular a chip bed with a grain size equal to 3 mm. Thus, the front surface of the mast base can just as well be protected against infestation with fungi or other organisms and against decay. In particular, the mast-foot-side drainage mat is preferably provided with holes to allow drainage of water penetrating or condensing into the tube.

Suitable drainage mats are preferably made of plastic or a particular in about 0.3 mm thick copper or zinc sheet. Suitable drainage mats made of plastic, are available, inter alia, for walk-in or drive-through roofs or for the foundation wall protection, for example under the brand Nophadrain ® by Nophadrain B.V., Kerkrade, the Netherlands. By using drainage mats made of a thin copper or zinc sheet, a biocidal or fungicidal effect can be additionally achieved.

The amount of drainage that can be ensured with such drainage mats, which are also referred to as drainage nets, is very high, and favors the drying of the wooden mast part anchored above the upper edge of the soil. With the drainage mats drying of the wooden mast part wrapped in it is possible due to the intended drainage and the permanent ventilation to less than 20% humidity. Since wood-destroying organisms or fungi can usually form only on woods with more than 20% moisture, it is possible to prevent their formation as far as possible completely. In addition, a separation of the wood mast part wrapped therein is achieved by the drainage mats of the chippings.

If the drainage mat material used has sufficient inherent rigidity, it can, if it is firmly connected to the end face of the mast base and is perforated, take over the function of a perforated plate as a centering and support plate and replace such a perforated plate, if necessary. Further Details and advantages of the invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the sequence of a preferred embodiment of an anchoring according to the invention and an embodiment according to the invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 10, FIGS. 11 to 14, 15 to 19 and 20 to 21 show the essential features of further embodiments according to the invention Anchoring shown.

On the earth surface 1 shown in Fig. 1, after the area cleared, in particular exempt from fouling, erected in vertical alignment a tube of cast iron or steel and rammed with known techniques in the ground, as shown schematically in FIG evident. The Einrammvorgang is symbolically represented by the hammer 3. As shown in FIG. 2 further shows, formed by the introduction of the tube 2 in the ground in the interior of the tube, a compacted Erdpfropfen 4 with upwardly convex surface.

In a typical application, the tube is made of steel and has a length of 250 cm, which is rammed into the ground up to between 50 and 60%.

Depending on u.a. Mast lengths, soil conditions, force ratios, etc. pipe lengths of 250 to 400 cm are used, in the mounted state at least 100 cm protrude above the earth's surface. In extreme cases, the total length can be 600 cm, of which then 1/3 protrudes beyond the earth's surface.

As already mentioned above, the introduction of the pipe into the ground can alternatively be carried out by means of hammering in, impressions under vibration, screwing in or the like. Depending on the nature of the soil, the pipe material used, the accessibility or other logistical conditions, as well as economic considerations, the expert can readily make the respective selection without the need for further explanation at this point. In the embedded final state is located in the shell of the tube a completely extending, extending over a certain pipe length perforation 5, as shown in FIG. 2 above the Erdpfropfens 4 at the level of the surrounding earth surface. 1 This perforation 5 serves, as will be apparent from the following description, in conjunction with further inventive measures of reliable drainage and dry keeping of the wooden mast base.

The next assembly step is shown in Fig. 3 and consists of the filling of a capillary-breaking layer 6 in the tube interior on the plug 4 via an at least partial height of the perforation 5; the capillary-breaking layer 6 consists in the preferred case of single-grained gravel with a grain size of> 16 mm or fractionation of the grain size 16/32. In general, individual granulations or fractionations in different grading curves from 6 mm to 42 mm are suitable. Granular fillings of regularly and / or irregularly shaped material, namely gravel, metal, plastic or concrete, are also suitable as mixtures.

Now, the anchoring preparations are completed so far that a wooden pole of desired diameter and desired length can be placed from above into the tube on the capillary gravel layer 6. For a preferred embodiment has proven to be in the interest of a central support of the wooden mast 7 (see Fig. 4) of this foot side with a centering and support plate 8, preferably made of perforated plate, screwed or nailed from below to the mast can be.

The diameter of the centering and support plate, which may consist of a perforated plate to guarantee optimal drainage and foot ventilation is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the tube chosen so that the centering and support plate 8 provides for a lower adjustment of the mast, after this is embedded in FIG. 5 in the tube. In Fig. 4a, a wooden mast 7 is shown with a bolted to the mast base centering and support plate 8, while Fig. 4b shows the bottom view of the mast base.

In contrast, Fig. 5 shows the extent completed anchorage 1 1 according to the invention with the fixed in the foot area on the centering and support plate 8 in the tube 2 wooden mast. 7

It is now still necessary to fix the mast 7 final in the tube 2 and to enable them to absorb forces, such as and wherever they occur, and dissipate into the ground, which is based on the Fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9 is described below, wherein a) each show a schematic side view in section and b) each show the plan views.

As the above figures illustrate, initially a temporary positional fixation is achieved in that in the annular space between the wooden mast 7 and pipe 2 Rieht- and clamping wedges 12 are inserted - in the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6 three pieces circumferentially equally distributed (120 °) and then according to Fig. 7 via a suitable filling device - in the present case by means of a funnel 13 - the annular space 14 between the tube 2 and the wooden mast 7 is filled with Verfüllkies. This Verfüllkies 15 preferably has a grain size of 8 to 12 mm and is densified in layers manually or mechanically during the introduction; In Fig. 8, a handrail 16 is shown for this purpose. At this stage, the directional and clamping wedges 12, which are only temporarily required for fixing the position of the mast, have already been removed.

The filling material 15 can consist of the same materials as the capillary-breaking layer 6 and can likewise be used as single grains or fractionations in different size lines (2 to 16 mm).

As a final measure, a rosette 17 is pushed from the top, which abuts the mast 7 with its upper paraxial Schürzen- (crimping) edge, while with its lower edge, the free end of the tube 2 um- and overlaps, so that the conical surface of the rosette 17 seals the annulus 14 on the upper side. This is a particular wooden poles protecting against decay, easy to produce, reliable anchoring has been created, the particular advantage is the fact that the mast base is outside the moderately decay area.

In addition, the invention allows a particularly simple monitoring of the wood condition, especially its load-bearing capacity, to which reference is made to FIG. After that, the breakthrough openings of the perforation 5 can namely be used to bring a drilling tool 17 in the mast base and drill into the mast base, for example by means of a hand drill 19 whose power is measured and evaluated in a suitable device 21 with respect to the wood strength. Also additional Prüfbohrlöcher may be provided in the hollow body for Bohrwiderstandsprüfungen at different heights.

An alternative to the bed shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 and described above as means for supporting the mast within the upper end of the hollow body is described in FIGS. As shown in Figure 1 1 in cross-section, at the upper end of a hollow body 31, in which a mast 32 is inserted, screws 33 are provided, which are guided from the outside through the hollow body wall and screwed into the wooden mast. The screws 33 are special screws with two adjacent threaded shanks. The first, the screw head facing threaded shank 34 has a metric thread for a lock nut 35 for locking the screw on the hollow body wall. The adjoining threaded shaft 36 has a wood screw thread for engagement in the mast 32. As can be seen in Figure 12, which shows a section through the mast anchoring according to the invention along the line A-A in Figure 1 1, six screws are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the hollow body.

In the foot of the mast 32, as shown in Figure 13 in view from below and in Figure 14 in section along the line AA in Figure 13, three over the foot uniformly arranged dowels of special design 37 a. The dowels of special design are in the manner of a perforated disc, which is designed on one side with teeth 38, with which engages the dowel in the mast.

On the side facing away from the mast 32 of the dowel is located on a centering and support plate 39, which - which is not shown here - is provided with water drain holes, which are distributed over the entire surface of the plate. The diameter of the centering and support plate 39 is only slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow body 31, so that on the one hand, the insertion of the mast 32 in the hollow body is easily possible, but on the other hand, the mast base is sufficiently centered in the hollow body 31.

The dowels 37 and the centering and support plate 39 are fastened at the bottom of the mast base via wood screws 41, which are screwed from below through the dowels into the mast base 32.

Below the centering and support plate 39 is seated parallel to a bottom plate 42 with the same diameter, which rests against the heads of the screws 39 from below. It is connected via four circumferentially evenly distributed screws with the centering and support plate 39. The bottom plate 42 also has water distribution holes uniformly distributed over its surface (not shown).

Thus, the forces acting on the mast 32 are introduced into the upper edge region of the upper end of the hollow body 31 by the screws 33. In addition, the forces acting on the mast from the mast base on the dowel special design 37, the screws 41 and the interconnected plates 39, 42 are introduced into the hollow body 31. In addition, the mast with the bottom plate 42 is on a capillary-breaking layer 43.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 19, as in the previous embodiments, a tube 51, for example of ductile cast iron or reinforced concrete, with its lower portion 52 into the ground 53 rammed. In the out of the soil standing out, upper portion 54, a wooden pole 55 is used, A rosette covering the annulus between the mast and pipe at the top of the upper tube portion 54 is not shown for simplicity of illustration, but preferably still provided.

As can be seen in particular in the enlarged illustration of the detail A from FIG. 15 in FIG. 16, a centering and support plate 56 is fastened with wood screws 57 on the underside of the mast base. On the underside of the centering and support plate 56, a drainage mat 58 is arranged with knob-like, conical elevations 59, which abuts with its knob-like, conical elevations 59 on the centering and support plate 56. Both the centering and cover plate 56 and the drainage mat 58 abutting thereto have a diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the tube 51, and are provided with holes distributed over their surface, which allow water to run into the underlying capillary-breaking layer 61 enable.

The capillary breaking layer 61 extends from the earth plug compacted by the insertion of the tube 51 within the tube 51 to just above the top of the soil outside the tube 51, down to the area of vertical drainage slots 62 in FIG. 16 dashed lines drawn).

Here, the capillary-breaking layer 61 preferably consists of a chippings having a grain size which is selected such that the chippings reliably penetrate into the conically shaped hollow elevations due to the weight of the mast and fill them in spatially. For commercially available Naphadrain ® drainage mats, which are used as a pressure-stable base course for surface drainage below concrete floors in multi-storey buildings and, for example, for driveable flat roof surfaces, a grain size of 3 mm has proven particularly suitable. This ensures that the chippings 61 can penetrate into the hollow nubs of the drainage mat 58, so that the knob-like elevations 59 are pressed with their upper side of the chippings 61 firmly against the underside of the centering and support plate 56. In the enlarged and cut in different planes representation of the detail B of Figure 15 can be seen that a drainage mat 63 is wrapped around the mast 55 in the region of the upper portion 54 of the tube 51. The drainage mat 63, like the drainage mat 58, has knob-like elevations 64 with which the drainage mat 63 rests against the mast surface. The annular space between the drainage mat 63 and the tube 51 is filled with a chippings 65. The granulation is selected so that the bed 65 can penetrate the holohumbled knob-like elevations 64 over the whole area and fill them spatially, so that the upper side of the elevations 64 is pressed firmly against the surface of the mast 55 by the bed 65. The drainage mat extends upwardly from the lower edge of the mast and preferably has a height of about 1 m.

Figure 18 shows a cross section of the embodiment along the cutting edge A-A in Figure 15. It can be seen in particular that the mast 55 is completely wrapped with the drainage mat 58. FIG. 19 shows a plan view of the circular drainage mat 58 provided with holes 66 distributed over its surface, which abuts the centering and support plate 56 from below.

The method for establishing a wooden mast corresponds to that described with reference to Figures 1 to 9, with the only essential supplement that the mast base is wrapped before insertion into the tube 51 with the drainage mat 63, and that the drainage mat 58 is placed on the capillary-breaking layer ,

The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21 differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 15 to 17 essentially in that the pipe 71, here a reinforced concrete pipe, is buried in the earth 72 instead of being driven into place. In this case, first a pit 73 is excavated, then a lower portion 74 of the pipe 71 is inserted into the pit and finally the pit filled with soil, wherein the filled soil is compacted. The tube may have in its lower portion 74, which is buried in the soil, extending transversely to its longitudinal direction intermediate bottom 75, on the soil can also be filled to statically support the pipe 71 from the inside against the pressure acting from outside through the compacted soil.

As can be seen in particular in FIG. 21, supports 76 for a steel or reinforced concrete slab 77 are arranged on the inner wall of the pipe 71 at the upper end of the lower section 74. The resting on the supports 76 plate 77 is provided with holes 78 so that any accumulating in the pipe 71 water can drain down or seep.

The plate 77 carries a capillary-breaking split layer 79, wherein a lying on the plate 77 filter fleece 81 ensures that the split layer 79 does not escape through the holes 78 down.

The mast 82 then sits on the capillary-breaking layer and, like the mast 51 in the embodiment described above, is equipped with drainage mats 83, 84 and is supported on the mast base in the tube 71 with a centering and support plate 85.

Claims

claims:

1 . Anchoring for wooden poles of any kind, especially for electric poles carrying wooden poles, is held by a foot of the mast in the ground, characterized by a preferably open at both ends, elongated hollow body (2, 31) which is held upright with its one, lower portion in the ground , and the other, upper portion of the foot of the mast (7, 32) receives, as well as means for supporting the mast within the upper portion of the hollow body.

2. Anchoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (2, 31) has circular cross-section.

3. Anchoring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mast (7, 32) has circular cross-section.

4. Anchoring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mast (7, 32) has triangular, square, rectangular or regular / irregular polygonal cross-section.

5. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by masts (7, 32) made of wood materials and / or glued laminated timber.

6. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hollow body (2, 31) is a ductile cast iron pipe, steel, reinforced concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, impact resistant ceramic materials and / or glass fiber reinforced plastics.

7. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a perforation (5) as drainage openings in the wall of the hollow body (2), preferably in the region of the upper edge (1) of the soil.

8. Anchoring according to claim 7, characterized in that the perforation (5) consists of vertically extending slots.

9. Anchoring according to claim 8, characterized in that on the circumference of the hollow body (2) evenly distributed eight slots at the same height are each offset by 45 °, preferably a length of 90 mm and a width of 5 mm, particularly preferably one Length of 120 mm and a width of 10 mm, own.

10. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a capillary-breaking layer (6) as a granular filling of regularly and / or irregularly shaped material, namely gravel, metal, plastic and / or concrete on the by the ramming of the hollow body or Pipe (2) in the soil compacted Erdreichpfropfen (4) in the tube interior.

1 1. Anchoring according to claim 10, characterized in that the layer (6) consists either of single granules or of fractionations of different grading lines of 6 to 42 mm.

12. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by a capillary-breaking layer (6), in particular of einkörnigem gravel, preferably with a grain size> 16 mm.

13. Anchoring according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the layer (6) extends at least partially over the height of the perforation.

14. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by a Mastfußstirnfläche covering, attached to this, preferably screwed from below centering and support plate (8, 39).

15. Anchoring according to claim 14, characterized in that the diameter of the centering and support plate (8, 39) corresponds to match the pipe inside diameter.

16. Anchoring according to claim 14 or 15, characterized by a perforated plate as centering and support plate (8, 39).

17. Anchoring according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized by at least three by the centering and support plate (39) through engaging in an end face of the mast base screws (41) and by dowels of special design (37) between the centering and Supporting plate (39) and the Mastfußstirnfläche are arranged, the shanks of the screws (41) engage around and engage with teeth (38) in the Mastfußstirnfläche.

18. Anchoring according to claim 17, characterized by a below the centering and support plate (37) arranged, from below on the heads of the screws (41) fitting bottom plate (42), in particular provided with water drain holes and with the centering and support plate ( 39) is screwed.

19. Anchoring according to claim 2 and 3 or one of the dependent claims 2 and 3 claims 4 to 18, characterized by in the annular space (14) between the outer surface of the mast (7, 32) and the inner surface of the tube (2) temporarily introduced Pulling and clamping wedges (12).

20. Anchoring according to claim 19, characterized by three Rieht- and clamping wedges (12), distributed circumferentially by 120 °.

21. Anchoring according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the wedges (12) are made of hardwood.

22. Anchoring according to claim 2 and 3 or one of the dependent claims 2 and 3 claims 4 to 21, characterized by a Annular space thickness, ie the distance between the mast (7, 32) and the hollow body (2, 31), of at least 5 cm.

23. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by filling material (15) as a means for supporting the mast within the upper portion of the hollow body (2).

24. Anchoring according to claim 23, characterized by filling material (15) with respect to the bed (6) of smaller grain size as a support and power transmission medium in the annular space (14) between the tube (2) and mast (7).

25. Anchoring according to claim 24, characterized in that the filling (15) consists of the same material as the layer (6) and is used either as single grains or fractionations in different grading lines of 2 to 16 mm.

26. Anchoring according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the grain size of the filling material (15) is 5 to 10 mm or 8 to 12 mm.

27. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized by at least three permanently in the cavity (14) between the hollow body (2, 31) and mast (7, 32) at a height, in particular close to the upper edge of the hollow body (2, 31) , Distributed arranged clamping elements.

28. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized by at least three tension elements which are arranged distributed in a height, in particular close to the upper edge of the hollow body (2, 31), are supported on the hollow body wall and in the mast (7, 32) intervene.

29. Anchoring according to claim 28, characterized by screws (33) as tension elements, which are passed through the hollow body wall.

30. Anchoring according to claim 29, characterized in that the screws (33) have a first threaded shank (34) for a cooperating with the inside of the hollow body wall lock nut (35) and an adjoining threaded shaft (36) for engagement in the mast (7 , 32).

31. Anchoring according to claim 29 or 30, characterized by vertical slots in the hollow body wall, through which the screws (33) are guided.

32. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized by a annular space (14) between the tube (2) and mast (7, 32) upwardly covering rosette (17).

33. Anchoring according to claim 32, characterized in that the preferably made of metal rosette (17) has conical shape, wherein the cone on top and bottom passes in axially parallel skirts.

34. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 33, characterized by fungicidal or biocidal agents, in particular zinc, copper or boron-containing agent for the protection of the mast.

35. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 34, characterized by a wound in the lower portion of the hollow body around the mast drainage mat, which is distributed over its surface provided with knob-like elevations.

36. Anchoring according to claim 35, characterized in that the drainage mat rests with their knob-like elevations on the mast.

37. Anchoring according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the knob-like elevations are in the form of a hollow truncated cone.

38. Anchoring according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the cavity between the drainage mat and the hollow body is filled with a bed.

39. Anchoring according to claim 38, characterized in that the bed has a grain size equal to or less than 3 mm.

40. Anchoring according to one of claims 35 to 39, characterized in that the wound around the mast drainage mat overlaps by 70 to 100 mm.

41. Anchoring according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized by a on the end face of the mast or on the underside of serving as a centering and support plate perforated plate drainage mat, in particular below which is distributed over its surface provided with knob-like elevations.

42. Anchoring according to claim 41, characterized in that the drainage mat rests with its knob-like elevations on the end face of the mast base or on the underside of serving as a centering and support plate perforated plate.

43. Anchoring according to claim 41 or 42, characterized in that the drainage mat between the end face of the Mastfußes or serving as a centering and support plate perforated plate and a capillary-breaking layer is arranged from a bed, in particular has a grain size equal to or less than 3 mm.

44. Anchoring according to one of claims 41 to 43, characterized in that the arranged on the front side of the mast foot drainage mat is provided with holes.

45. Anchoring according to one of claims 35 to 44, characterized in that the wound around the mast drainage mat and / or arranged on the front side of the mast base or on the underside of serving as a centering and support plate perforated metal drainage mat consists of plastic.

46. Anchoring according to one of claims 35 to 45, characterized in that the wound around the mast drainage mat and / or arranged on the front side of the mast base or on the underside of serving as a centering and support plate perforated plate drainage mat made of copper or zinc ,

47. A method for producing an anchorage for masts, preferably wooden poles according to one or more of claims 1 to 46, characterized in that a hollow body open at both ends (2, 31) rammed into the ground with supernatant, beaten and / or drilled , then a drainage bed (6), preferably coarse gravel different Sieblinien of 6 to 42 mm, is filled into the area of provided in the hollow body wall drainage openings (5) in the hollow body (2, 31) on this drainage bed (6) of Mast (7, 32) is set, then spent means for supporting the mast within the upper end of the hollow body in the annular space (14) between the hollow body (2, 31) and mast (7, 32) and finally the annular space (14) on the upper side is closed, preferably with a rosette (17).

48. The method according to claim 47, characterized in that filling material, preferably in the form of a further gravel layer (15) with respect to the first gravel pack (6) of smaller grain size, namely 2 to 16 mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm or 8 to 12 mm, in layers in the annulus (14) is spent.

49. The method according to claim 48, characterized in that the further gravel layer (15) is densified in layers.

50. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 49, characterized in that as a means for supporting the mast within the upper end of the hollow body (2) screws, in particular in the region of the upper end of the hollow body, guided from the outside through the hollow body and in be bolted to the mast.

51. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 50, characterized in that the mast fixation during assembly by means of a mast base remaining centering and support plate (8, 39) and by means of temporarily in the annular space (14) inserted Rieht- and clamping wedges (12) or a ferrule.

52. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 51, characterized in that the mast (7) in the hollow body (2) aligned prior to filling of the annular space (14) by rotating about its longitudinal axis, in particular the truss directions in the overall network line are matched.

53. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 52, characterized in that the quality control of the mast (7, 32) is subjected to this in the foot of a Bohrwiderstandsmessung, which takes place through the perforation (5) in the tube (2).

54. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 53, characterized in that the mast base is wrapped with a drainage mat before it is inserted into the hollow body.

55. The method according to any one of claims 47 to 54, characterized in that a drainage mat is disposed on the front side of the mast base or the underside of the Zentrieer- and support plate before the mast is inserted into the hollow body.

56. Holzmastkonstruktion with an anchorage according to one of claims 1 to 46.